brain computer interface
DESCRIPTION
Brain Computer Interface. The Dream. Controlling the physical world with our thoughts has always been the stuff of science fiction and dreams. In today ’ s world, small demonstrations of such feats abound. Commercial BCIs Commercial headsets for gaming NeuroSky Emotiv EPOC. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Brain Computer Interface
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The Dream• Controlling the physical world with our thoughts
has always been the stuff of science fiction and dreams.
• In today’s world, small demonstrations of such feats abound. – Commercial BCIs
– Commercial headsets for gaming• NeuroSky
• Emotiv EPOC
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Sensing the Brain
• EEG – measures the electrical signals produced by nerve cells in
your brain
• fMRI – Detects blood flow in the brain to identify areas of activity; a
blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal.
• NIRS– Detects near IR light absorption to identify areas of activity,
another BOLD signal.
• Others– CAT scan– PET– phMRI– TMS
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Early Efforts
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Brain Imaging
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Animal brains• Brain stem - controls the
reflexes and automatic functions.
• Cerebellum - coordinates limb movements.
• Hypothalamus and pituitary gland - controls body temperature and behavioral responses such as feeding, drinking, sexual response, aggression and pleasure.
• Cerebrum - integrates information from all of the sense organs, initiates motor functions, controls emotions and holds memory and thought processes.
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Cerebral Cortex
Parietal Lobe - involved in the reception and processing of sensory information from the body.
Frontal Lobe - involved with decision-making, problem solving, and planning.
Occipital Lobe - involved with vision.
Temporal Lobe - involved with memory, emotion, hearing, and language.
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Somatosensory & Motor Cortex
Somatosensory Motor
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Your Electric Brain• Brains are filled with neurons. • Each neuron receives electrical
inputs from about 1000 other neurons.
• Impulses are added together leading to generation of an electrical discharge called an action potential.
• electric signals (i.e., action potentials) zip from neuron to neuron as fast as 250 mph
• Neurons communicate at structures called synapses.
• Information moves around the brain via electrical activity but communication between
neurons is chemical.
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EEG• An EEG records electrical
signals from the brain– Measures postsynaptic
potentials of neurons, via electrodes on the scalp
• An EEG detects the summed ionic currents of thousands of pyramidal neurons beneath each electrode.
• The signals relayed to the EEG are typically amplified 10,000 times and filtered.
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Brain Wave Types
• EEGs record brain waves which are oscillating electrical voltages in the brain measuring a few millivolts.
• There are six widely recognized brain waves:– Delta: 1-4 Hz. – Theta: 4-7 Hz. – Alpha: 8-12 Hz. – Mu rhythm is alpha-range activity that is
seen over the sensorimotor cortex.– Beta:12-30 Hz. – Gamma: 30–100 Hz.
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BCI Inputs
• Slow cortical activation• Mu and Beta rhythms• performance of different cognitive tasks• imagination of movement of different parts of the
body• Steady-state evoked potential – the response of
the brain to a constant stimulus, in which the brain activity has the same frequency as the stimulating frequency
• visually evoked P300 potential – “oddball” response
Training
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Electrode Placement