brain areas - location and function

8/8/2019 Brain Areas - Location and Function

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Telencephalon

The Cortex


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Location Functional Area Function

Precentral gyrus Primary somatosensory

cortex

Touch, body awareness

Postcentral gyrus Primary motor cortex Voluntary movement

controlSuperior parietal lobule Posterior parietal

association area, tertiarysomatic sensory cortex

Stereognosia

Precentral gyrus and rostral

adjacent cortex

Supplementary motor

cortex, supplementary eyefields, premotor area,

frontal eye fields

Limb and eye movement

planning

Superior parietal lobule Posterior parietal

association area

Visuomotor, perception

Superior, middle frontal

gyri, medial frontal lobe

Frontal eye fields Saccadic eye movements

Superior, middle frontal

gyri, medial frontal lobe

Prefrontal association

cortex, frontal eye fields

Thought, cognition,

movement planning

Banks of calcarine fissure Primary visual cortex Vision

Medial and lateral occipital

gyri

Secondary visual cortex Vision, depth perception

Inferior temporal gyrus Visual inferotemporal area Form vision

Middle temporal gyrus Visual inferotemporal area Form vision


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Superior temporal gyrus Higher order auditory

cortex

Hearing, speech

Cingulate gyrus, subcallosal

area, retrosplenial area,parahippocampus gyrus

Limbic association cortex Emotions

Parahippocampus gyrus Primary olfactory cortex,limbic association cortex

Smell, emotions

Middle and inferior

temporal gyri at junctionbetween temporal and

occipital lobes

Parietal-temporal-occipital

association cortex; middletemporal visual area

Perception, vision, reading,

speech

Temporal pole Primary olfactory cortex,

limbic association cortex

Smell, emotions

Inferior parietal lobule

(angular gyrus)


association cortex


speech

Inferior parietal lobule

(supramarginal gyrus)


association cortex


speechHeschls gyri and superiortemporal gyrus

Primary auditory cortex Hearing

Heschls gyri and superiortemporal gyrus

Secondary auditory cortex Hearing

Insular cortex,frontoparietal operculum

Gustatory cortex Taste

Inferior frontal gyrus(frontal operculum)

Brocas area, lateralpremotor cortex

Speech, movement planning

Inferior frontal gyrus

(frontal operculum)

Prefrontal association

cortex

Thought, cognition,

planning behavior

Middle frontal gyrus Prefrontal associationcortex (dorsolateralprefrontal cortex)

Thought, cognition,planning behavior, aspectsof eye movement control

Inferior frontal gyrus(frontal operculum)

Prefrontal associationcortex

Thought, cognition,planning behavior


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Diencephalon location and function


Just below corpus callosum Thalamus Transmits information from

subcortical structures to

cerebral cortex

Beneath thalamus Hypothalamus Integrates functions of

autonomic nervous system

an controls endocrinehormone release from

pituitary gland


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Mesencephalon (midbrain)

1: dotted line encircles tegmentum

2. basis pedunculi/corticospinal tract3. substantia nigra

4. central tegmental tract

5. tectum (superior colliculus)


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Dorsal region of

mesencephalon

Tectum Superior

colliculus

Visual receptors -regulate the reflexive

movement of the Eyes

and Head, in response to

a number of different

stimuli

Inferior

colliculus

Auditory receptors -Neurons conducting

impulses from the

structures of the Inner

Ear to the Brain, all

synapse in the Inferior

Colliculi.

Ventral region ofmesencephalon

Tegmentum Ascending Tracts fromthe Spinal Cord to the

Brain and also contains

the paired Red NucleiControls motor

functionsRegulates awareness and

attention

Regulates some

autonomic functions

Red nucleus Unconscious Regulationand Coordination of

Motor Activities.

Substantia nigra coordinating muscletone and movement

Metencephalon


Ventral pons pons relays messages to and

from themyelencephalon and

cerebrum. It also sendsmessages to the

cerebellum and

regulates the rate ofbreathing.

Above the basilar Pontine tegmentum Regulation of bladder


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region that forms

the floor of thefourth ventricle

function

Regulatesconsciousness

Base of brain cerebellum regulates movements

of eyes and limbshelps us to maintainposture and balance

stereotyped movements

Inferiorpeduncles

Conducts informationregarding the position

of body parts to the

cerebellum

Middle

peduncles

Conducts information

from the cerebralcortex regarding the

desired position ofthese parts to thecerebellum

Superior

peduncles

Conducts impulses

regarding theaforementioned data to

the mesencephalon

Brain Stem

Location Functional Area Functionmidbrain Tectum/tegmentum

Just above enlargement of spinalcord

pons contains centers for the control of vital processes, including

respiration and cardiovascular

functions. It also is involved in

the coordination of eye

movements and balance.

Enlargement at top of spinal cord medulla contains centers for the control of

vital processes such as heart rate,

respiration, blood pressure, and

swallowing.


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Myelencephalon


Enlargement at top of spinal cord Medulla oblongata Cardiac center controls heart

rateRespiratory center - Helps

regulate rhythm, rate, and depth

of breathing with the pons.Vasomotor center - Controls

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

(the contraction and dilation of

blood vessels, respectively).


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Ventricles


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Cingulate gyrus part of the limbic system (emotion)


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brain areas - location and function

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