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Copyright@ 2012 Comp Ed, Inc. www.schoolexpress.com

Human Brain
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The human brain is an amazing thing. It is full grown in size and

weight by the time you are 6 years old. The brain will continue to

grow on the inside for the rest of your life if you give it constantattention.

Each new piece of information or new experience will create a new space just for it like the

drawers in the warehouse. There will be no new weight added, just

growth of the tiny cells that store information. If the cells are not

asked every now and then to show the information they die.

Your brain weighs about 3 pounds right now. It was only about 1

pound when you were born. The brain is protected by the bones ofyour skull. The bones were soft when you were born and slowly grew

with the brain. Now your skull is solid firm bone tissue. Just don't try

to see how hard it really is.

Human Brain

Read each sentence below. Fill in the missing words.

1. The brain is grown in size and weight by the time you are

________________________ years old.

2. Your brain weighs about ______________________________ pounds.

3. The brain is protected by the bones of your ________________________________.

4. Your brain was only about ________________________ pounds when youwere born.

5. The bones were __________________________________ when you were born and

slowly grew with the brain.

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There are three layers of bag-like tissue that exist between the

inside of your skull and your brain. These are called the menginges

membranes. The tough outer one is called the dura. It is designed to

keep the skull from rubbing against the softer areas underneath.

Under the dura is the membrane tissue called the arachnoid. The arachnoid holds

in the fluid that surrounds your brain and also flows inside your spinal column.

The final layer of membrane is stuffed full of blood vessels. It is called the pia. The blood

carries oxygen to all parts of the brain. The pia fits all along the folds and ridges of the brain.

Do not worry if you get a cut or bump on your head and it bleeds.

Remember that the skin that covers your skull and gives you such an

interesting face is also full of blood vessels. Those vessels are not the

same ones that are feeding your brain the oxygen it needs.

Your brain has billions of cells in it. These cells work like a

computer to control everything your body does. They control the

things you decide to do like throwing a ball or watching a movie. They

also control the things you probably don't think about such as breathing

and dreaming.

1. membrane ______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. oxygen _________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. vessels __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Human Brain

Read each word below. Write a definition for each.

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The brain is also the place where all your memories and skills are stored. It

is the place that helps you write your name or maybe play the piano. When

the brain finds the information for you it sends a message to the correct part of

your body that needs to use it.

The main mass of the brain is made up of gray matter and white matter.

The gray matter is mostly made of a high number of nerve cells called neurons

and the pathways they build to send messages. The messages are sent by tiny

electrical pulses.

All the nerve cells or neurons have fibers reaching off of them to connect them to other

neurons. The longest fiber for each neuron is called an axon. Many axons are covered with alayer of fatty protein material that helps messages move faster. This material gives them a

white color. The areas where most of the axons are covered by this material is called the white

matter.

The white covering is made by cells called glia. Glia means glue in Greek. The glia help

hold all the cells and pathways together. They also work hard to surround and then get rid of

any invading bacteria or infections.

Human Brain

Draw a picture of what you think the brain looks like.

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The brain looks almost like a football shaped head of cauliflower

when seen from the side. The stalk is called the brainstem. It leads

to the spinal column. The brainstem carries the fluid and messages

that move between the brain and the spine.

Right above the brainstem is a small oval shaped part of your

brain called the cerebellum. It may be small but it is powerful. The

cerebellum is in charge of the way your body moves. It helps you

keep your balance and posture. It is responsible for the movement

and getting your muscles to work together correctly.

The biggest part of the brain is made up of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is divided into 4

main parts. The names are the same for the left side of the brain as the right side. The two

sides are called your hemispheres. For some reason, the left hemisphere controls the right side

of your body and the right hemisphere controls the left side.

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The frontal lobe (section) of the cerebrum is the part of your brain that helps you with

thinking. It is where the jobs of figuring things out and making decisions occurs. It also is the

storage area for your emotions. The frontal lobe helps you decide when you want to be happy

or sad, silly or serious.

The frontal lobe is the largest section of the cerebrum. It starts above your

eyes and goes all the way back to where most of you have a cowlick in your

hair. The right and left hemispheres of the frontal lobe make up about one

third of the entire brain size.

The temporal lobe extends from each ear more than half the way around the

back of your head. This is the area of your brain that stores the informationabout what you hear and smell. Your memory is also located in this area.

Many people remember things and people by the way they smell. Maybe this shared lobe is the

reason why.

The parietal lobe is centered in the back of your head. If you place your open hand just

under your cow lick you will cover most of it. This lobe is the storage area for your sense of

touch. It is also where your language skills come from. These skills are your ability to speak

and the way you speak.

The occipital lobe takes care of your vision and reading ability. It is found in that knobby

area just above your neck.

Human Brain

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There are also some important glands located in your brain. These glands are small organs

that produce liquids to be used by parts of your body to do their jobs. We

will just briefly look at three of these glands.

The thalamus gland is the center that controls pain and your senses. It

helps you remain alert.

The hypothalamus controls your body temperature and cycles. It lets you

know when you are sleepy or wide awake. It is your internal clock. The hypothalamus also

controls your moods. The feelings of hunger and thirst are also controlled by the secretions

from this gland.

The third major gland in the brain is the pituitary gland. It releases hormones into your

blood stream when your internal clock tells it to. Hormones are what cause growth or maturing

in your body.

There are many other areas and parts of your brain. Each one has a job to do. Doctors have

found that some things are stored or controlled by more than one area of the brain. This might

be to protect you from total loss of a skill or

function in case of illness or injury but they

are not sure.

Human Brain

Help the boy find his way to the brain.

A doctor that studies the nervous

system is called a neurologist. The

brain and spinal column are parts of

the nervous system.

Some doctors study the brain and

others study the way your brain makesyou act or feel. There are many

different scientists that want to know

what is going on in there.

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Brain surgeons are called neurosurgeons. They have been able to find out

what some parts of your brain store and control. They have found this out

when they operated on people's brains because the people are usually awake.

The patient can talk to the surgeon and answer questions.

It is not as horrible as it sounds. The brain has no pain centers. When you

hurt a part of your body like stub your toe or scrape your knee the nerves of the

toe or knee feel the pain. A pain message goes to the brain. The brain then sends a message

telling you what to do (jump back, holler, grab your knee) or whatever. The brain never felt the

pain because it can't.

A different and less yucky way to find out what parts of the brain do is by using special

machines. The machines have long names so we will just use their initials.

The MRI and the PET machines can take pictures of the brain while a person is doing

something. The pictures will show which part is being used because of the electrical activity in

the area. Remember messages in the brain are sent by tiny electric pulses. The doctors just

follow the blinking lights.

Many things can go wrong in a brain. Sometimes a child can be born with something

different happening with their brain because of genetics. Genetics means the difference waspassed to a child in the life pattern of DNA given by their mother or father.

Human Brain

Read each sentence below. Circle true or false.

1. Brain surgeons are called neurosurgeons.

true false

2. The brain has pain centers.

true false3. Messages in the brain are sent by tiny electrical pulses.

true false

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Babies also might have brain problems because something happened to

them before they were born or at the time they were born. Sometimes the

mother may have gotten some chemicals in her body that went to the baby.

Many times we do not know all the chemicals that we eat or drink orbreathe.

Some diseases of the brain can also be caused by chemical invasion as we grow up.

Sometimes it can happen to adults. Using alcohol, illegal drugs, or smoking have all been

proven to hurt the brain as well as other parts of the body.

Some people get damage to their brain from accidents. Wearing a seat

belt in the car and a helmet on the bicycle or

scooter will help keep your brain safer.

Just like the rest of your amazing body the brain makes you who

you are. It is very unlikely that you will have something go wrong

with your brain. Even if you do, doctors are

finding new ways every day to fix or work around many of the problems.

Human Brain

Why is you brain important? ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Write something you have learned about the brain. __________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Answer each question below. Write your answers on the lines below.
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brain

brian

braen

spnial

spinal

spinil

nevres

nevers

nerves

cushions

cashions

cushoins

inteligent

intelligent

entelligent

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

Spelling

Print the correct spelling word on the lind.

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Word Unscramble

Unscramble each word. Print the word on the line.

munah

kniseriw

rniab

pnisla

vrense

sucshino

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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Word Find

Find and circle these words.

They run down, across, and diagonally.

human cerebrum spinal nerves wrinkles brain

functions sacs oxygen cerebellum stem cushions

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Criss Cross

Can you fit these words into the criss cross?

Use a pencil so you can erase if you need to.

head nervous skull spinal

brain system center cord

Human Brain

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Answers

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