braille module 34 double letter signs, ea sign, and more...

Braille Module 34 Double-Letter Signs, ea Sign, and More Short-Form Words LOC Literary Lesson 8, Sections 8.2-8.3

PROFITT Curriculum Module # 34 — Double-Letter Signs, ea Sign, Short-Form Words

Braille Module 34-1

Module 34 Double-Letter Signs, ea Sign and

More Short-Form Words Literary Lesson 8.2-8.3

Summary

Goal(s): The goal is for the students to gain an understanding of the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, and gg They will also learn the rules for the ea contraction. Six more short-form words are introduced in this module. SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive By the end of this module, students should be able to:

BS34.1: Demonstrate a growing proficiency for the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and the ea contractions. BS34.2: Know six more short-form words. BS34.3: Review and test on the double-letter signs, the ea sign and the short-form words.

Instructor:

Braille instructor

Delivery Method(s):

Flash cards Lecture Classroom reading Discussion One-on-one reading

Hands on Game

Length: 5 hours Three topics

Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills:

Corresponding LOC Manual: Lesson 8.2 with EBAEXIII.42 Lesson 8.3 with EBAEXVI

Take Away Message(s): Rules! Rules! And more rules! This day was chock-full of rules. Don’t be overwhelmed. Stay focused and you will grasp these concepts better. Remember that these contractions are often called “sandwich contractions” because they are only used between letters or contractions within a word. Look forward to being independent and being able to support yourself and your family.


Braille Module 34-2

Instructor Preparation

Title of Module: Double-Letter Signs, ea Sign and More Short-Form Words

In this module the students are introduced to double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, and gg and the ea contraction. The students will be introduced to more short-form words. Time is permitted in this module for the students to continue the practice of proofreading. The students will be tested on the contractions learned in this module.

Agenda – topics to be covered in the module and length of each item

Topic: Double-Letter Signs Time Allotted: 5 hours

A. The Double Letter Signs and the ea Sign

(1 hour)

B. Additional Short Form Words

(3 hours)

C. Review and Test

(1 hour)

Materials and Supplies – items needed in order to carry out the agenda and classroom activities

1. LOC Manual

2. Drill book

3. EBAE

4. Index cards for making flashcards

5. Handouts and Answer Sheets: Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 1 (34.B.1), Answers to Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 1 (34.B.2), Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 2 (34.B.3), Answers to Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 2 (34.B.4), Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test (34.C.1) and Answer to Lesson 8.2-8.3:

Test (34.C.2) (one copy of answer sheets).

6. A copy of the Contraction Chart and answers

7. You will need a copy of Lesson 8 flashcards (Les8Flashcards.docx)

8. You will need copies of the Proofreading Error Sheet from Module 6 (6.A.1)

9. You will need magazines and newspapers

10. Hollywood Square questions for the game are included in this curriculum

11. This game is already customized into the template

12. Keep a log of the highest scores and the group tries to make it to the top 10 winners


Braille Module 34-3

Classroom Preparation

1. Each workstation should have a computer, a braille writer, a slate and stylus, an LOC Manual, EBAE, a means of communicating with the embosser (network or thumb drive), braille paper (not-tractor feed), a braille eraser, pen/pencil, notebook, and highlighter.

2. Have the classroom flashcards prepared for Lesson 8 and materials for the students to make their own.

3. Have chalk and erasure board ready for use.

4. Have the computer and overhead screen ready to play the game Hollywood Squares.


Braille Module 34-4

Curriculum Content

A. The Double-Letter Signs and ea Sign (1 hour)

ObjectiveBS34.1: Demonstrate a growing proficiency for the double-letter signs for bb, cc,

dd, ff, gg, and the ea contractions.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

The instructor will be familiar with section 8.2and EBAE XIII.42 pertaining to rules for the double-letter signs, and the ea sign.

You will need a copy of Lesson 8 flashcards (Les8Flashcards.docx) (double-letter

and ea contractions only in this section).

You will need copies of magazines and newspapers.

Each student will need a copy of the Contractions chart. The instructor will have a copy

of the Answers to the Contractions Chart (Lesson 8 Contractionschart.xls).

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION

The instructor will use the classroom flashcards for Lesson 8. The flashcards for Lesson

8.2 introduce the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea. Start out slowly and

pick up speed. Hold each card up and allow the students to shout out the contractions.

Then allow time for you to call on students one at a time. This will help to allow each

student to test their memory.

Use the flashcards in and out of the classroom to your advantage. The flashcards will help

you to memorize the contractions quicker.

If time permits you may also want to review the flash cards from Lesson 8.1.

Have the students make their flashcards for Lesson 8 using the index cards.

Continue to encourage the use of the flash cards in the classroom and privately.

As a class the students will read and discuss Lesson 8.2 pertaining to the rules for the double-letter signs, and the ea sign. This includes these contractions used only within words, preserving the usual form of a base word beginning with ea, base word and a prefix, base word and a suffix, solid compound words, causing difficulty in pronunciation,

in trigraph and diphthongs, and contractions preference.

Some reminders to the students:


Braille Module 34-5

“Remember: the double-letter signs and the ea sign are used only within words. These characters can be confused with other contractions or punctuation. It is necessary to know the rules for the clarity of the braille reader.

Keep in mind that these characters are used only between letters and/or contractions within a word. Do you remember the special name of the contractions that will help you to remember this? "sandwich contractions."

Can these contractions be used at the beginning or the end of a word? No, they never

can be used at the beginning or the end of a word.

Can they be used in contact with punctuation or composition signs? No, that cannot be in contact with punctuation or composition signs.

Use the dictionary anytime you have a question about prefixes, suffixes, compound words, or division of words containing these contractions. In a divided word you cannot use these contractions if they are not “sandwiched.”

These contractions are not used if their use would cause difficulty in the recognition or the pronunciation of the word by combining the letters of a dieresis (two adjacent vowels pronounced separately).

Pay attention when using the contractions with trigraphs and diphthongs. Check a reputable dictionary for the syllabication of these words to see if you can use the contractions.

Are the contractions for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea the least favored or most favored of all one-cell contractions? They are the least favored because syllable division usually occurs between double consonants. By using other contractions, proper pronunciation is more likely to be preserved. When a choice must be made

between contractions, any other one-cell contraction is preferred over them.”

Next, the instructor will pass out a newspaper or magazine to each student.

Some reminders to the students (write the bulleted list on the board):

“We will look at a couple of sentences to see if we can use the contractions we

have learned in this section.

Bobby addressed the man at the SeaCliff Apts. Merry added the headdress to impress her beau.

In the first example you can use the contractions for “bb” and “dd” in Bobby and addressed. You cannot use the ea in SeaCliff because it is in contact with the

composition sign: the capital letter indicator.

Bobby addressed the man at the SeaCliff Apts.

In the second example you can use the contraction for “dd” in added. You can also use the “ea” contraction, but not the “dd” contraction in headdress. You can use

the “ea” contraction beau.


Braille Module 34-6

Merry added the headdress to impress her beau.

The students will choose an article to look for the contractions for the double-letter signs

for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea in commonplace print they would see daily. The instructor

will ask the students to highlight the contractions found in this lesson. Instruct them to

underline in red the contractions they cannot use, due to the rules. The students are to

write in the margin the rule that applies.

Each student will present a few sentences they have found and explain them to the class.

FOLLOW-THROUGH ACTIVITIES

The instructor will have the students bring out their copy of the Contraction Chart. The

students will fill in the boxes that pertain to the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg,

and the ea sign. Please allow time to go over this chart, fill in the boxes that apply, and

allow for questions/answers.


“Remember to fill out your Contraction Chart for this section. Today we learned

the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and the ea sign. Use the “note”

section to remind yourself of the ways you can or cannot use the contraction. This

will save you valuable time when filled out correctly.

The Contraction Chart will be used throughout the braille modules as long as you

will be learning contractions. Take care of the one you have. Remember to fill it in

each time you learn new contractions.”

ASSESSMENT

Discuss the student’s response to these “sandwich contractions” that cannot stand alone. Are they grasping the idea? Encourage the student’s to pay attention to the rules and they will begin to comprehend how a contraction can be used in both ways, depending on the context.

B. Additional Short Form Words (3 hours)

ObjectiveBS34.2: Know six more short-form words.


The instructor will be familiar with section Lesson 8. 3 with EBAE XVI.42 which covers the

following 6 short-form words: about, above, because, below, first, and great.


Braille Module 34-7

You will need copies of: Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 1 (34.B.1), Answers to Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 1 (34.B.2), Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 2 (34.B.3) and Answers to Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 2 (34.B.4).

You will need a copy of Lesson 8 flashcards (Les8Flashcards.docx). (6 short-form

words: about, above, because, below, first, and great. only in this section)

You will need copies of the Proofreading Error sheet from Module 6 (6.A.1).

Each student will need a copy of the Contraction Chart. The instructor will have a copy of the Answers to the Contractions Chart (Lesson 8 Contractionschart.xls).


As a class the students will read and discuss Lesson 8.2 pertaining to the rules for the 6

short-form words: about, above, because, below, first, and great.


“Remember that you can use to, into, and by before short-form words.”

Take turns as a class to read the braille (embossed) answers to Drill 25 from the Drill book. This will help the students to get a visual idea of reading the embossed copy.


“You have learned the 6 more short-form words: about, above, because, below,

first, and great. You also learned that these words can be used with to, into, and

by. Look for these contractions as others read and you will be able to notice them

quickly when it is your turn.

Take your time when you are reading. Remember to be patient and quiet whenever

someone else is reading.”

Next students will complete Drill 25 on -7 using Perky Duck.

Some reminders to the students before they transcribe Drill 25:

“Remember the contractions you learned in this lesson are short-form words: about, above, because, below, first, and great. Look up the rules whenever you have a question to see if the contraction can or cannot be used. Then mark your paper so

you don’t have to continue to questions yourself.

Remember to thoroughly structure your print copy prior to transcription. Always print out your Drills to proofread. Proofread your own work before handing it to someone else to proofread.


Braille Module 34-8

Encourage each other to memorize these contractions through the use of the

flashcards.”

When the students have completed this activity, which includes proofreading their own work, they can exchange drills and proofread each other’s work using the “How to

Successfully Proofread” steps.

The instructor will hand out the Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 1 (34.B.1). This worksheet was created for the students to practice their knowledge of proofreading. This worksheet contains 10 complete sentences in simulated braille. The students will take turns reading with another student. Then they are to write the words out in longhand over the simulated braille. An answer key is included. Allow time to go over the worksheet and

answer questions.

Next, the instructor will hand out the Lesson 8.1: Worksheet 2 (34.B.3). This worksheet is 12 complete sentences in simulated braille for the students to proofread.

They will highlight each braille cell that is incorrect.

FOLLOW-THROUGH ACTIVITIES

The instructor will have the students bring out their copy of the Contraction Chart. The

students will fill in the boxes that pertain to the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg,

and the ea sign. Please allow time to go over this chart, fill in the boxes that apply, and

allow for questions/answers.


“Remember to fill out your Contraction Chart for this section. Today we learned

the double-letter signs for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and the ea sign. Use the “note”

section to remind yourself of the ways you can or cannot use the contraction. This

will save you valuable time when filled out correctly.

The Contraction Chart will be used throughout the braille modules as long as you

will be learning contractions. Take care of the one you have. Remember to fill it in

each time you learn new contractions.”

C. Review and Test (1 hour)

Objective BS34.3: Review and test on the double-letter signs, the ea sign and the short-

form words.


The instructor will be familiar with Lesson 8.2-8.3.

You will need the following handouts: Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test (34.C.1) and Answer to Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test (34.C.2).


Braille Module 34-9


Review Lesson 8.2-8.3 of the LOC Manual. The review is designed to prepare the students for the test. The instructor is to go over each section with emphases on areas that will be on the test. Allow the students to ask any questions pertaining to the context of LOC Manual: Lesson 8.2-8.3.

The instructor will pass out the Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test (34.C.1) to each student. This test consists of filling in a table, True or False questions, and highlighting the contractions learned. An answer key is included. Allow for time to go over the test and answer questions.

The expected outcome of the test will help both the instructor and the students to understand the students’ strengths and weaknesses. This will allow them to work together

to strengthen the students weaknesses in any area.

ASSESSMENT

This test is necessary for the students and the instructor to determine the knowledge acquired over Lesson: 8.2-8.3 of the Instruction Manual for Braille Transcribing Fifth Edition, 2009.It is expected that the students will fully grasp these rules.


Braille Module 34-10

Braille Module 34 Double-Letter Signs, ea Sign, and More Short-Form Words LOC Literary Lesson 8, Sections 8.2-8.3 Handouts and Answer Sheets



Lesson 8.2-8.3: Worksheet 1 (34.B.1)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

1.01 °°#A4°,!°NEW°RULE°IS°E6ECTIVE°IMM$IATE-°

1.02 LY4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.03 °°#B4°,!°PEB#°CR1T$°A°SPLA%°9°!°MI4LE°(!

1.04 LAKE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.05 °°#C4°,Some°PROFESioNALS°SAY°SAC*>9E°A4$

1.06 6YR°C(FEE°IS°A°BAD°IDEA4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.07 °°#D4°,!°SCA6OLD°A4S°HI<t°B°X°JI7LES°S°°

1.08 M*°ABV°!°SECOND°W9D[4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.09 °°#E4°,DE2IE°ME&]$°\°6!°B1*°&°CR1T$°A°S&

1.10 CA/LE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.11 °°#F4°,WE°7°AT°!°!AT]°:5°!°4A/]°O3URR$4°

1.12 °°#G4°,!°LL°SLU7]°_H°PA4$°%\LD]S°B°!°HIT

1.13 /°MADE°8°>M°PU6Y4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#H4°,At°!°,SEA,CLIFF°RE/AURANT°WE°°°°°

1.15 WAT*$°!°EBB-TIDE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°#I4°,W°,W°Ev]°LE>N°N°6ME&]°AB°AT°!°(-°

1.17 FICE8°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°#AJ°,!°F/°GRADE°/UD5TS°ME&]$°>\ND°&°°°

1.19 BLEW°BUB#S4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.20 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.21 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.22 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

34.B.1



Answers to Lesson 8.2-8.3: Worksheet 1 (34.B.2)

First take turns reading this exercise with another student. Then write the words out in longhand over the simulated braille.

1. The new rule is effective immediately.

2. The pebble created a splash in the middle of the lake.

3. Some professionals say saccharine added to your coffee is a bad idea.

4. The scaffold adds height but it jiggles so much above the second window.

5. Debbie meandered out to the beach and created a sand castle.

6. We were at the theater when the disaster occurred.

7. The little slugger had padded shoulders but the hit still made his arm puffy.

8. At the SeaCliff restaurant we watched the ebb-tide.

9. Will Will ever learn not to meander about at the office?

10. The first grade students meandered around and blew bubbles.

34.B.2



Lesson 8.2-8.3: Worksheet 2 (34.B.3)

Proofread each sentence and highlight each braille cell that is incorrect. State the rule to support your answer.

1. Bobby and Addie went to the movies.

2. Mr. Stricker’s test was easy because he had some hidden clues for us.

3. She had to readjust her padded bra in the bathroom.

4. The address to the occupied apartment is 1257 Subterranean Lane.

5. Merry was rubbing her arm where a gigantean spider bit her.

6. Richard liked to use the dumbbells for his workout.

7. Sarah traced her genealogy back to Ireland.

8. First we have to go below in the subway to get to their great wedding.

9. We will have to readjust our lifestyle due to this new disease.

10. My beau’s headdress was worth the time and effort I spent on it.

11. In the Southeast the sun bleaches the sand.

12. Mikah’s daddy reacted lovingly to her silliness.

34.B.3



1.01 °°#A4°,BO2Y°&°,ADDIE°W5T°6! °MOVIES4°°°°

1.02 °°#B4°,MR4°,/RIcKL]'S°TE/°0°1SY°2C°HE°°°

1.03 had°Some°HI45°CLUES°=°U4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.04 °°#C4°,%E°Had°6R1DJU/°H]°PA4$°BRA°9°!°°°

1.05 BA?ROOM4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.06 °°#D4°,!°A4RESS°6!°OCCUPI$°AP>tm5t°IS°°°

1.07 #ABEG°,SUBT]RAN1N°,LANE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.08 °°#E4°,M]RY°0°RUBB+°H]°>M°:e]°A°GIGANT1N

1.09 SPID]°BIT°H]4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.10 °°#F4°,RI*>D°LIK$°6USE°!°DUMBBELLS°=°8°°

1.11 Work\T4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.12 °°#G4°,S>AH°TRAC$°H]°G51LOGY°BACK°6,IRE-

1.13 L&4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#H4°,F/°WE°H°6G°2L°9°!°SUBWAY°6GET°°°°

1.15 6!ir°GRT°WE4+4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°#I4°,WE°W°H°6READJU/°\R°LIFE/YLE°DUE°°

1.17 6?°NEW°4eaSE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°#AJ4°,MY°BEAU'S°H1DDRESS°0°WOR?°!°Time

1.19 &°EF=T°,I°SP5T°ON°X4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.20 °°#AA4°,9°!°,S\?1/°!°SUN°BL1*ES°!°S&4°°°

1.21 °°#AB4°,MIKAH'S°DADDY°REACT$°LOV+LY°6H]°

1.22 SILLInesS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

34.B.3



Answers to Lesson 8.2-8.3: Worksheet (34.B.4)

Proofread each sentence and highlight each braille cell that is incorrect. State the rule to support your answer.

1. Bobby and Addie went to the movies.

2. Mr. Stricker’s test was easy because he had some hidden clues for us.

3. She had to readjust her padded bra in the bathroom.

4. The address to the occupied apartment is 1257 Subterranean Lane.

5. Merry was rubbing her arm where a gigantean spider bit her.

6. Richard liked to use the dumbbells for his workout.

7. Sarah traced her genealogy back to Ireland.

8. First we have to go below in the subway to get to their great wedding.

9. We will have to readjust our lifestyle due to this new disease.

10. My beau’s headdress was worth the time and effort I spent on it.

11. In the Southeast the sun bleaches the sand.

12. Mikah’s daddy reacted lovingly to her silliness.

1. Use dd contraction in Addy.

2. Cannot use ea contraction at the beginning of the word easy.

3. Cannot use ea contraction in readjust.

4. Use cc contraction in occupied.

5. Use bb contraction in rubbing.

6. Cannot use bb contraction in dumbbells.

7. Cannot use ea contraction in genealogy.

8. Use ed contraction, not the dd contraction in wedding.

9. Use ea contraction in disease.

10. Use ea contraction in beau’s.

11. Do not use ea contraction in southeast.

12. Use dd contraction in daddy.

34.B.4



1.01 °°#A4°,BO2Y°&°,ADDIE°W5T°6! °MOVIES4°°°°

1.02 °°#B4°,MR4°,/RIcKL]'S°TE/°0°1SY°2C°HE°°°

1.03 had°Some°HI45°CLUES°=°U4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.04 °°#C4°,%E°Had°6R1DJU/°H]°PA4$°BRA°9°!°°°

1.05 BA?ROOM4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.06 °°#D4°,!°A4RESS°6!°OCCUPI$°AP>tm5t°IS°°°

1.07 #ABEG°,SUBT]RAN1N°,LANE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.08 °°#E4°,M]RY°0°RUBB+°H]°>M°:e]°A°GIGANT1N

1.09 SPID]°BIT°H]4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.10 °°#F4°,RI*>D°LIK$°6USE°!°DUMBBELLS°=°8°°

1.11 Work\T4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.12 °°#G4°,S>AH°TRAC$°H]°G51LOGY°BACK°6,IRE-

1.13 L&4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.14 °°#H4°,F/°WE°H°6G°2L°9°!°SUBWAY°6GET°°°°

1.15 6!ir°GRT°WE4+4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.16 °°#I4°,WE°W°H°6READJU/°\R°LIFE/YLE°DUE°°

1.17 6?°NEW°4eaSE4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.18 °°#AJ4°,MY°BEAU'S°H1DDRESS°0°WOR?°!°Time

1.19 &°EF=T°,I°SP5T°ON°X4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.20 °°#AA4°,9°!°,S\?1/°!°SUN°BL1*ES°!°S&4°°°

1.21 °°#AB4°,MIKAH'S°DADDY°REACT$°LOV+LY°6H]°

1.22 SILLInesS4°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.23 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.24 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

1.25 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

34.B.4



Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test (34.C.1)

Highlight True or False. 1. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are used only within words. True or False

2. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are sometimes called the "oreo

contractions." True or False

3. Many words that originally were formed from a base or root plus a prefix have become

so common that most dictionaries no longer recognize the prefix. True or False

4. When a word ends with the letters bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, or ea, the contractions can be

used. However, if such a word is followed by a suffix, the contractions are used.

True or False

5. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea cannot be used at the beginning or the end

of a word. True or False

6. When a word beginning with ea is preceded by a prefix or another word resulting in

the formation of a different word, the ea contraction is not used because it would

change the usual braille form of the base word. True or False

7. AN EXCEPTION IS: When the suffixes ate, an, or al are added to a base/root word ending

in e, the ea contraction is used. True or False

8. Although the ea sign is used in a word like feature, where such a word is divided

between lines (fea/ture), the contraction is not used because it would then be in

contact with a hyphen. True or False

9. The contractions for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are the least favored of all one-cell

contractions because syllable division usually occurs between double consonants. By

using other contractions, proper pronunciation is more likely to be preserved.

True or False

10. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea can be used in contact with punctuation or

composition signs. True or False

11. The double-letter signs and the ea sign, are used only between letters and/or

contractions within a word. True or False

12. The contractions for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea, are also used when the final

consonant of a word is doubled before adding suffixes such as ed, en, er, and ing

because they are "sandwiched" in between other letters and the use of the

contraction does not overlap the letters of a base word and its suffix. True or False

13. As with other contractions, where the prefix is noted as such in the dictionary and

the use of an overlapping contraction would clearly have an adverse effect on

pronunciation, the contraction is used. True or False

14. Although these contractions are not used in tea, sea, or egg, they are used in the

compound words teacup, seashore, and egghead. True or False 34.C.1



15. These contractions are not used if their use would cause difficulty in the recognition

or the pronunciation of the word by combining the letters of a diphthong (two

adjacent vowels pronounced separately). True or False

16. In the trigraph eau the ea sign is used because both letters of the contraction fall

within the same syllable. True or False

Structure the following words.

17. tableau 29. puffy

18. about 30. occupy

19. above 31. address

20. learn 32. hidden

21. office 33. genealogy

22. first 34. dumbbell

23. bear 35. gigantean

24. bubble 36. meander

25. saccharine 37. theater

26. meddle 38. effort

27. wedding 39. great

28. below 40. because

34.C.1



Answers to Lesson 8.2-8.3: Test(34.C.2)

Highlight True or False.

1. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are used only within words. True or False

Rule 8.2a

2. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are sometimes called the "oreo

contractions." True or False Rule 8.2a

3. Many words that originally were formed from a base or root plus a prefix have become

so common that most dictionaries no longer recognize the prefix. True or False Rule

8.2c

4. When a word ends with the letters bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, or ea, the contractions can(not)

be used. However, if such a word is followed by a suffix, the contractions are used.

True or False Rule 8.2d

5. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea cannot be used at the beginning or the end

of a word. True or False Rule 8.2a

6. When a word beginning with ea is preceded by a prefix or another word resulting in

the formation of a different word, the ea contraction is not used because it would

change the usual braille form of the base word. True or False Rule 8.2b

7. AN EXCEPTION IS: When the suffixes ate, an, or al are added to a base/root word ending

in e, the ea contraction is used. True or False Rule 8.2d

8. Although the ea sign is used in a word like feature, where such a word is divided

between lines (fea/ture), the contraction is not used because it would then be in

contact with a hyphen. True or False Rule 8.2a

9. The contractions for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea are the least favored of all one-cell

contractions because syllable division usually occurs between double consonants. By

using other contractions, proper pronunciation is more likely to be preserved.

True or False Rule 8.2h

10. The contractions bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea can(not) be used in contact with

punctuation or composition signs. True or False Rule 8.2a

11. The double-letter signs and the ea sign, are used only between letters and/or

contractions within a word. True or False Rule 8.2a

12. The contractions for bb, cc, dd, ff, gg, and ea, are also used when the final consonant

of a word is doubled before adding suffixes such as ed, en, er, and ing because they

are "sandwiched" in between other letters and the use of the contraction does not

overlap the letters of a base word and its suffix. True or False Rule 8.2d

13. As with other contractions, where the prefix is noted as such in the dictionary and the

use of an overlapping contraction would clearly have an adverse effect on

pronunciation, the contraction is (not) used. True or False Rule 8.2c 34.C.2



14. Although these contractions are not used in tea, sea, or egg, they are used in the

compound words teacup, seashore, and egghead. True or False Rule 8.2e

15. These contractions are not used if their use would cause difficulty in the recognition or

the pronunciation of the word by combining the letters of a diphthong (dieresis) (two

adjacent vowels pronounced separately). True or False Rule 8.2f

16. In the trigraph eau the ea sign is used because both letters of the contraction fall

within the same syllable. True or False Rule 8.2g

Structure the following words.

17. tabl(ea)u 29. pu(ff)y

18. about ab 30. o(cc)upy

19. above abv 31. a(dd)ress

20. le(ar)n 32. hi(dd)(en)

21. (of)fice 33. g(en)ealogy

22. first f(st) 34. dumbbell

23. be(ar) 35. gigant(ea)n

24. bub(ble) 36. me(and)(er)

25. sac(ch)(ar)(in)e 37. (the)at(er)

26. m(ed)dle 38. ef(for)t

27. w(ed)d(ing) 39. great grt

28. below (be)l 34. because (be)c

34.C.2

braille module 34 double letter signs, ea sign, and more...

Documents