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3/7/2013
Kieser & Associates, LLC 1
WMU‐ArcadiaCreekStormwaterTreatmentandFloodplainEnhancementProjectDEQ #2008‐0018
Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser‐associates.com
K. Brian Boyer, P.E.Environmental Engineering Manager
Kieser & Associates, LLCbboyer@kieser‐associates.com
March 7, 2013
OverviewOverview• Location and Regulatory Setting• Stormwater Goals and Funding• Project Challenges• Creative Solutions• Successful Outcomes
Kalamazoo River Watershed
2,020 sq. milesLake Allegan
MICHIGANPortage & Arcadia Creek Subwatershed
SCALE (MILES)
0 10 155WMU
WMU Main
City of Kalamazoo
Project Site
Campus
Arcadia Creek APPROX. SCALE (MILES)
0 0.25
Direction of Flow to the Kalamazoo River
PROJECT AREA
PROJECT AREA
Project LocationProject Location Regulatory SettingRegulatory Setting
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) CWA Section 303d – requirement to list impaired waters
Maximum amount of a pollutant that a water body can receive and still safely meet water quality standards
Kzoo River/Lake Allegan TMDL (2001) for phosphorus (TP)
TMDL Goal: 50% reduction of 1998 (baseline) TP load
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) WMU voluntary stormwater permit 2000
WMU MS4 Watershed General Permit, issued December 23, 2003
Compliance & Sustainability
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Project GoalsProject Goals
1. Reduce nonpoint source pollutant loads TMDL Compliance (50% reduction goal)
2010‐2011 TMDL Compliance Plan for campus footprint
2. Reduce peak flows, increase floodplain access
3. Restoration of eroding streambanks 3. Restoration of eroding streambanks
4. Bioretention within restored floodplains
5. Increase groundwater recharge
6. Enhance habitat using native vegetation
7. Stormwater NeutralTM (net‐zero TP discharge) Campus‐wide sustainability Off‐campus Offsets
Flooding around Steam Pipes
Flooding (2008)Flooding (2008)
Waldo Stadium Flooding
Stadium Steps Flooding
CMI Grant FundingCMI Grant Funding
Grant Amount: $ 379,252
Match Funds: $ 168,937
Total Amount: $ 548,189
1 Fixed budget 2 Pre‐approved work scope1. Fixed budget 2. Pre approved work scope
STREAMBANK RESTORATION
NATIVE VEGETATION
CMI Grant FundingCMI Grant Funding
STORMWATER DIVERSION
STORMWATER OVERFLOW BYPASS
ARCADIA CREEK
STORMWATER TREATMENT & INFILTRATION
CMI Grant FundingCMI Grant Funding
STREAMBANK RESTORATION
ARCADIA CREEK
NATIVE VEGETATION
OFF‐LINE FLOODPLAIN BIORETENTION
Project ChallengesProject Challenges
1. Endangered species evaluation/assessment MDEQ
MDOT
2. MDOT right‐of‐way requirements Side slopes
‐ (extra review/approval process was not anticipated)
‐ (at most 4:1 side slope adjacent to road)
Water depth
Set‐back distance
Road sub‐grade
Fencing/guardrail
‐ (at most 4‐ft maximum water depth)
‐ (min. 28‐ft roadway clear zone)
‐ (min. 32‐in dry sub‐grade depth)
‐ (perimeter fencing, roadside guardrail, 840 ft)
DESIGN REVISIONS $$$
~$25K to $30K
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Project ChallengesProject Challenges
3. MDEQ Floodplain Permit APPLICATION CORRECTION REQUEST
‐ HEC‐RAS modeling, plan, profiles, cross‐sections
‐ Topo contours no greater than 1‐ft intervals
‐ River/overbank cross‐sections (existing/proposed w/ photos)
‐ List of all assumptions and variables used in model
~$15K to $20K
f p
‐ Discussion of how starting conditions were assumed
‐ Discussion of how “n” values were estimated
‐ Discussion of how other variables were estimated
‐ Calibration to existing Flood Insurance Study
‐ Depict proposed floodway, discuss determination methods
‐ Obtain a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) from FEMA
Add’l File Fee $450 Review Fee $1,500 30 –Days!
Project ChallengesProject Challenges
4. Inaccurate historic floodplain elevation data 1970s data
2010 survey data (1‐ft contours)
City of Kalamazoo to submit flood insurance map revisions
5. Revisions to maintain project objectives5. Revisions to maintain project objectives Layout and grading plan revisions (MDOT/ MDEQ concerns)
6. Cost concerns and project viability Do we still have a project?
ADDITIONAL COSTS $42K to $52K
Creative SolutionsCreative Solutions
1. Endangered species evaluation/assessment Additional MDOT Review
‐ Resubmit MDEQ documentation, no additional information
2. MDOT right‐of‐way requirements‐ Eliminate fencing install used guardrail‐ Eliminate fencing, install used guardrail
3. MDEQ Floodplain Permit Application Correction Request
‐Modeling alterna ve → cross‐sectional increase demo
‐ Cross‐section all fill areas
‐ No decrease of floodplain cross‐sectional areas
Creative SolutionsCreative Solutions
‐ Provided 15 critical cross‐sections, with grading modifications
Creative SolutionsCreative Solutions
FILL Net Increase = 8.18%
Avg. Increase = 9.5%
Additional 3.8 Acre‐ft
CUT
Creative SolutionsCreative Solutions
4. Inaccurate historic floodplain elevation data Historic fill concerns
‐ Provide historic aerial photos (spanning 1960 – 2010)
‐ Demonstrate no land/veg disturbance, age of existing trees
‐ Can rely on 2010 survey data (1‐ft contours)
5. Revisions to maintain project objectives‐ Substitute guardrail for plants/trees/plugs (seed only)
‐ On‐site, upland spoils placement (in lieu of hauling)
USED GUARDRAIL $10,360 SavingsON‐SITE SPOILS $85,770 Savings
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(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Stormwater Diversion Swale
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Stormwater Diversion Swale• Expanded Floodplain• Native Vegetation
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Stormwater Treatment• Infiltration• Expanded Floodplain• Native Vegetation
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Stormwater Treatment• Infiltration• Expanded Floodplain• Native Vegetation
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Increase Floodplain Connectivity and Capacity
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Streambank Restoration• Native Vegetation
Location
(Before)
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• Increase Floodplain Connectivity and Capacity
• Bioretention & Infiltration
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
(After)
Location
(Before)
(After)
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
• Removal of In‐stream Obstruction
Location
(Before)
ImprovementImprovement QuantificationQuantification
Redirect urban stormwater runoff 102 acres
Provide treatment for first-flush stormwater runoff 120 ac-ft/yr
Streambank restoration of eroding streambanks 268 ft
Restoration of disconnected floodplains used for 1 6
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
pbioretention
1.6 acres
Increased floodplain capacity 6,130 cyd
Increased groundwater recharge 60 ac-ft/yr
Enhanced habitat through use of native Michigan vegetation/seed mixes
3.5 acres
Reduction of total phosphorus load to Arcadia Creek 85 lbs/yr
Reduction of sediment loading to Arcadia Creek 27 tons/yr
• 15 BMPs since 1998• 468.8 acres treated including BTR (blue areas)
• 59.8% of campus
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
Off‐Campus Contributing Areas
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
TMDL Compliance
StormwaterNeutralTM
Runoff Volume(Net zero TP
discharge)
Off‐Campus Offsets
Description Metric
Construction ($) $235,000
Total Phosphorus (TP) Removal ($/lb) $5,460
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal ($/ton) $19,580
Stormwater Volume Treated ($/gal) $0 34
Successful Project OutcomesSuccessful Project Outcomes
Stormwater Volume Treated ($/gal) $0.34
Drainage Area Served ($/acre) $2,300
ENVIRONMENTAL METRICS
= $$$ PRIORITIES
FUTURE DECISION‐MAKING!
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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
• Floodplain enhancement / functionality
• Collaboration / negotiation
• Shared vision for improvement / outcomes
• Water quality goals / objectives
• Priorities (environmental benefits/metrics)
PROJECT PARTNERSThe FORUM of Greater Kalamazoo
Western Michigan UniversityCity of Kalamazoo
MDOTDriesenga & AssociatesHoffman Brothers, Inc.
Kieser & Associates, LLCMDEQ
Questions?Questions?
Brian Boyer, P.E.Environmental Engineering Manager
Kieser & Associates, LLCbboyer@kieser‐associates.com
Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence in Environmental Science & Engineering www.kieser‐associates.com
(Copies of presentation are available)