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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)

AND

GOVERNMENT OF BOTSWANA

COUNTRY PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK FOR BOTSWANA

2014 –2016

IMAGE COPYRIGHT: UNPEI, 2014

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AfDB–African Development Bank BWP-Botswana Pula (currency) CA – Conservation Agriculture CBPP- Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia CAADP-Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program CBNRM-Community Based Natural Resource Management CBRM–Community Based Resources Management CCA–Common Country Assessment CN–Concept Note CPF–Country Programming Framework CSO–Civil Society Organizations EAC – East African Community ECTADEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Disease Emergencies EU–European Union FAO–Food and Agriculture Organization FMD-Foot-and-mouth Disease FPMIS – Field Programme Management Information System GDP–Gross Domestic Product GEF–Global Environmental Facility GoB–Government of Botswana HDI–Human Development Index HDR–Human Development HIES–Household Income & Expenditure Survey IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency IFI – International Financial Institutions IPPC – International Plant Protection Convention ISPAAD–Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development LIMID–Livestock Improvement & Infrastructure Development LTCLivestock Technical Committee (of SADC) MDG–Millennium Development Goals MoA–Ministry of Agriculture MSCPR-Multi Sectorial Committee on Poverty Reduction MTI-Ministry of Trade and Industry MWT–Ministry of Wildlife and Tourism NACA–National Agency for Control of Aids NAMPAADD–National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture& Dairy Development ND–National Development Plan NPAD-National Policy on Agricultural Development NSPR–National Strategy for Poverty Reduction ODA–Overseas Development Assistance OECD–Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development POP–Programme Operational Plan PPR Peste des petits ruminants RNFS–Revised National Food Strategy RNPPR-Revised National Policy on Poverty Reduction RNPRD-Revised National Policy on Rural Development SADC–Southern African Development Community SILABLaboratory Information Management System TCP–Technical Cooperation Programme UN–United Nations Children’s Fund UNCT–United Nations Country Team UNDAF-United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP–United Nations Development Programme UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme UNICEF-United Nations USA–United States of America USD-United States Dollar WID–Women in Development

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Table of contents

1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. SITUATION ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Country Profile ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

2.2 Food Security & Nutrition Situation ............................................................................................................................................ 6

2.3 Agricultural Sector ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.3.1 Crops.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.3.2 Livestock ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.3.3 Fisheries ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.4 Forestry ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.5 Land Tenure ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.6 Gender Equality Issues in Agriculture ............................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.7 Climate Change ............................................................................................................................................................... 11

2.3.8 Natural Resources Management .................................................................................................................................... 11

2.4 An Overview of Agricultural and FSN Programmes, Policy Frameworks and Institutional Structure ........................................ 11

2.4.1. Government Programmes .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

2.4.2. Policy Frameworks ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.4.3. Institutional Structure of Botswana’s Agricultural Sector ........................................................................................................... 12

3. FAO’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE .......................................................................................................................................... 14

3.1 FAO’s Mandate ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2 FAO areas of Expertise and Competence ................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2.1 Animal Disease Control& Emergency Response .......................................................................................................................... 15

3.2.1. Field Programme Development and Capacity Building ............................................................................................................... 15

3.2.3. Investment .................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

3.4 FAO’s delivery capacity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18

4. PROGRAMING FOR RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 19

CPF priority area 1: Support to production and natural resource management in the adoption of environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustained increase of agricultural production ................................................................ 19

CPF Priority Area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security .................................................................................................................................................. 21

CPF Priority Area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems .......... 22

5. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND MONITORING OF THE CPF IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................... 23

5.1 Institutional arrangements .................................................................................................................................................................. 23

5.2 Monitoring and reporting .................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Annex 1: CPF Priority and Results matrix for Botswana (2014-2016) .............................................................................................................. 25

Annex 2: CPF resource requirements for 2014-2016....................................................................................................................................... 31

Annex 3: Review of major policies, programmes, laws and policies in FAO mandated areas.......................................................................... 35

Annex 4: Review of the history of FAO presence in the country ..................................................................................................................... 37

Annex 5: Indicative TCP pipeline ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41

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1. INTRODUCTION Botswana signed the membership to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on 21st March 1987. FAO is the UN technical agency with the mandate for developing partnership in food security, natural resources management, agricultural and rural development. Its vision is ‘A world free from hunger and malnutrition where food and agriculture contribute to improving the living standards of all, especially the poorest, in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner’. FAO has been providing unabated support to Botswana in the formulation and implementation of policies, strategies, programmes and projects in food, agriculture and natural resources aimed at improving food security and nutrition in a broad-based, equitable and sustainable manner and reducing poverty. In providing this assistance, FAO has always focused on enhancing the livelihood of smallholders, who form the bulk of the rural poor, in a way that is technically sound and economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. In particular, FAO assistance has been given to the GoB in the areas of agricultural support systems; emergency response operations; investment and policy frameworks; capacity building; and provision of equipment and supplies. These interventions have taken place during a period of dramatic changes in the economic landscape.

Since 1965, starting with the Transitional Plan for Economic Development, Botswana has had a series of its National Development Plans which outline short to medium-term development initiatives for Botswana. A Mid-Term Review is conducted during the Plan’s period to review progress and, where necessary, to make adjustments to reflect more recent circumstances. The ninth National Development Plan (NDP 9) covered the period from 1 April 2003 to 31 March 2009.The NDP 9 preparation was guided by the nation’s principles of rapid economic growth, social justice, economic independence and sustained development, in pursuant of Vision 2016, adopted as an additional principle (NDP 9, 2002).The current 10th National Development Plan (NDP 10) covers the period from 2009 to 2016. This NDP 10 as well as the Common Country Assessment, Vision 2016, UNDAF, lessons learned from past cooperation between FAO and the GoB and extensive consultations served as the basis for identification of the CPF priority areas. This CPF defines the GoB – FAO mutually agreed development priorities requiring FAO technical assistance for the period 2014-2016. 2.SITUATION ANALYSIS 2.1 Country Profile Botswana is located in the southern African plateau at a mean elevation of 1000 meters and covers an area of 572,000 km2, and has a semi-arid climate, with highly variable rainfall incidence, both spatially and temporally, with common dry spells during the cropping season. The annual average precipitation is the highest in the extreme north with 700 mm per year, falling to 400 mm in the east, with the lowest of 200 mm per year in the extreme southwest. This situation has periodically led to crop failure and hence hunger and food shortages. A significant part of the country (450 000 km2) is rangeland, supporting a cattle population of around 3 million and a sheep and goat population of approximately 1.5 million. The rain falls in the summer months from October to April and fluctuates widely between and within seasons. The beef cattle industry is based on the use of the natural pasture produced by this environment (ILRI, 1996). A small, landlocked country of two million people, Botswana was one of the poorest countries in Africa when it gained independence from Britain in 1966 (World Bank, 2014). Since independence in 1966, Botswana’s economy experienced rapid growth with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) averaging 8.7% per annum. This growth propelled the country to an upper middle income and medium human development status. The 2007/08 Human Development Index (HDI) ranks the country at 124, which is, 70 places below its per capita GDP rank of 54. This gap reflects the distinctive development challenge Botswana is facing, that is the HIV and AIDS burden. The pandemic has dramatically reduced life expectancy by about 20 years from its peak of 67 years in the 1990’s1

1Human Development Report 2007/2008 and National Development Plan Ten 10, 2010–2016

. The need for economic diversification and continued priority to HIV/AIDS prevention and impact mitigation come clearly out in the Government’s development

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plans. In addition, the pervasive poverty in Botswana stood at 20.7% in 20092

During NDP 9, the country recorded some progress in the following areas

. The poverty and inequality challenges are said to be attributable to the heavy dependence of the mining sector, which is capital rather than labour intensive. This situation is further exacerbated by the relatively poor performance of the agricultural sector and limited economic diversification. The third challenge relates to inequalities inherent within the population with a Gini index of 0.61 in 2007. In addition to the Gini index, it is important to highlight the ranking of the country according to the Gender Inequality index (Botswana ranks 119 on 186 countries, with a GII of 0.485). Nevertheless, this index is also useful to show gender-related improvement in the country as Botswana went from ranking 131 in 2006 to 119 in 2014.

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• HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-49 decreased from 37.4% in 2003 to 32.4% in 2006. • HIV prevalence among the 15-19 year group reduced from a peak of 30% in 1995 to 17.5% in 2006. • The ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education remained above 100% equal to the ratio of

young literate females to males. • An improvement in the percentage of women employed in the agricultural sector of the economy i.e.

from 38.4% in 1995 to 40.2% in 2000 and 42.4% in 2006. • GDP growth in non-mining sectors increased. • Environment sustainability issues came to the fore due to the introduction of the state of the environment

reporting system. • Reduction in national poverty head count rate from 30.6% in 2002/3 to 20.7% in 2009/10. 2.2 Food Security & Nutrition Situation Despite impressive economic performance during the most of the independence period, Botswana’s agricultural sector’s performance has been poor, recording low or stagnant growth in output and productivity. Botswana relies heavily on commercial imports and occasional donor support to feed its people who are food insecure, the majority of them being rural dwellers. The livestock sector represents 87% of the agriculture’s contribution to the GDP (FAOSTAT, 2012). As a result, the country is a net importer of most agricultural products, except beef and its by-products. In terms of food, the country is a net importer of food grains, as domestic production has never been able to meet domestic demand except for the 2013/14 season where domestic grain production increased three folds. For instance, in 2012, the country spent 6 billion Botswana Pula (BWP), which is approximately 0.75 billion USD on imports of food, beverages and tobacco, representing about 10% of the import bill for that year. At farm level, a great majority of rural dwellers depending on agriculture are net food buyers. In 2000, Botswana revised its National Food Strategy (RNFS) whose general aim is to: • assure physical availability of adequate food supplies at national and sub-national levels through

sustainable combinations of domestic production, imports, and reserves and through a well-dispersed and effective distribution and marketing network, and

• assure economic access of households; and • provide support for sustainable improvements in the nutritional status of the nation and for consumers’

education to ensure food safety and quality. In order to achieve such goals, the Government has an extensive set of cash and food transfers systems intended to primarily protect the poor and vulnerable groups such as the under-five, pregnant and lactating mothers. These programs include monthly food rations through Destitute Persons Program, the Orphan Care Program, the Vulnerable Group Feeding Programme and Community Home-based Care Programme. For children, Government has embarked on extensive Vitamin A injection and provision of nutritious food (Tsabana–locally manufactured) in order to improve their nutrition. However, it was reported that 43% of children did not receive Tsabana either because they were not entitled or missed the ration4

2.3 Agricultural Sector .

2Botswana Core Welfare Indicator (Poverty) Survey 2009, Statistics Botswana, 2011 3GoB-UN Programme Operational Plan 2010-2014 4 The Situation Analysis of Children and their Families in Botswana, 2011, UNICEF

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Overview The economy of Botswana has historically been agriculturally based, until 1967 when diamonds were discovered. Since then, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) drastically declined partly, reflecting rapid expansion of other economic activities. Despite the farming industry’s declining share of the GDP, it remains vitally important to the economy. In line with the theme of the National Development Plan 10 (NDP 10) which is Accelerating Achievement of Vision 2016 through NDP 10, the agricultural sector has been identified as one of the areas that have a great potential to diversify the economy and create employment in rural areas. The Ministry of Agriculture is currently implementing several projects and initiatives which are intended to commercialise and diversify the sector. Agriculture involves the rearing of livestock and crop production. More than 80% of the population is engaged in agriculture that plays a very important role in the economy. The climate of the country is arid to semi-arid, thereby making cattle farming the main agricultural activity, which has resulted in Botswana being one of the major suppliers of beef to the European Union. 2.3.1 Crops Due to its harsh climate and poor soils, most of Botswana is not suitable for crop production, except in the eastern hard veldt. Major crops produced in Botswana include, sorghum, millet, maize and pulses and of these sorghum and millet are more drought prone than maize. Other crops produced include sweet reed, pumpkins and water melons. The country is not able to produce sufficient quantities of the major cereals to cover its domestic requirements and relies heavily on commercial imports. In addition to climate difficulties, red and African migratory locusts were found in Botswana in Chobe Enclave, and surveys are conducted fortnightly during the rainy season; army-worm normally carried by Eastern South bound winds was monitored through use of traps which were serviced annually before the start of the rainy season. The pest control was done through the use of chemicals; farmers were currently not able to effectively control migratory pests through use of their own resources. 2.3.2 Livestock Botswana has a human population of about two million giving the high ratio of cattle to human population of 1.4:1 which is unique in Africa. Exports of animal products from Botswana, mainly in the form of fresh meat, account for 17% of GDP and almost one half of the value of exports. Export growth has been robust in the first half of 2013 –including strong growth of beef exports, following their return to the EU market after nearly two years of suspension (World Bank, 2014). Livestock production in Botswana is a very important socio-economic activity. Cattle ownership is highly skewed with 10% of the population owning 60% of the national herd in 1990 and 40% of the population not owning any cattle (MFDP 1991). Two broad cattle production systems are practiced: the traditional cattle post system where cattle are grazed on unenclosed, tribally administered land with no individual security of land tenure; and a traditional right to grazing of unlimited cattle numbers. The later comprises of a freehold and leasehold farming systems with fenced ranching (ILRI, 1996). The communal system keeps over 80% of all livestock in Botswana. Lack of alternative investment opportunities in rural areas has promoted investment in livestock (Chernichovsky et al 1985; MFDP 1991). For smallholder (traditional) farmers more investments are made in the small stock sector. Seventy percent (70%) of small stock are goats and are in the hands of traditional farmers (MoA 1991). Women own more goats than their male counterparts. Men have more resources and can afford to own cattle. Ownership of goats by the poorer sector of farmers is encouraged by the government through a number of projects, policies and programmes. Since traditional farmers live in the communal lands (70% of the total area) most of the goats are found in these areas. Here, extensive grazing is practiced and very little controlled grazing is done (ILRI, 1996). It should be noted that importation of milk and other livestock products (USD 131 million) costs more than the entire agricultural export revenue (USD 128 million USD) (FAOSTAT, 2011).The GoB is promoting food security through improvement of productivity of cattle, small-stock and Tswana chickens; livestock management; range

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resource utilization and conservation; and safe and hygienic processing of poultry (meat) so as to eradicate poverty, through the Livestock Improvement & Infrastructure Development (LIMID phase II). 2.3.3 Fisheries As a result of dry climate and limited surface water sources, fishing is limited to a few pockets of the country’s perennial rivers, mainly in the north west of the country, in the Okavango Delta and some areas in the eastern part. The government has in the past decade built several major dams in the northern part of the country with fish farming expected to feature predominantly in some of those dams. FAO has also supported the GoB in this effort to enhance the potential of the fisheries sector in Botswana through projects on assessment of the needs of the fisheries sector (TCP/BOT/3201) or on construction of small dams (UNO/BOT/003/CDF), among others. 2.3.4 Forestry Forests are limited and confined to the extreme north of the country covering approximately 20% of Botswana’s land mass. A large part of the forest reserves constitute part of the Chobe and Moremi parks. There are limited forestry activities with the government providing tree nurseries throughout the country for sale. Part of the plants from the nurseries are used during national tree planting days which are annual events meant to promote reforestation activities and create awareness of the importance of maintaining healthy forests. 2.3.5 Land Tenure Agriculture plays an important role in the economy of Botswana. More than 80% of the rural population is involved in agriculture. The government considers farming as a key area for employment and income generation for the majority of rural dwellers. The land tenure system consists of four land holdings, namely: state, freehold, ninety-nine years leasehold and communal land. The majority of farmers still practice mixed cropping and the bulk of the 2.5 million cattle are found in the traditional/communal sector. Most crop farmers operate at subsistence level, with landholdings of 5-10 ha in the communal lands. Commercial arable agriculture is practiced on leasehold system of more than 100 ha and a few cattle farmers operate livestock ranches, while the majority operates on communal lands. In most countries, gender-disaggregated data on women farmers are hardly available. Botswana, on the other hand, is proudly able to announce that it has 404,706 landowners of whom 186,699 (46%) are women: undeniably the highest proportion of women landowners in the region. One of the key problem areas for women in the country is however their unequal treatment under the law. Also and foremost as regards land tenure rights and inheritance laws, women appear to be unequally treated (i.e.: under customary law in the country, the homestead and land around it can be inherited only by the son). The majority of land-holding contracts in the country are under the name of the man in the house (either the husband or the older son). Instances where the poor are allocated communal land for either farming or residential purposes, which is sold later, are common. The poor, especially women and the youth, thus end up without land and this exacerbates their poverty. To improve tenure security, the Government, through the Ministry of Lands and Housing, has embarked on a registration campaign of all land holdings in the tribal areas as the certificates offered will be accepted by financial institutions, unlike the existing ones. This will improve smallholders’ access to credit as they will offer their land as collateral for loans.

2.3.6 Gender Equality Issues in Agriculture

In Botswana, as in many other countries in the region, the agricultural sector is the backbone of the rural economy and the livelihoods of rural people. Data from a rapid assessment of the two government-sponsored programmes in the agricultural sector indicate that women farmers are participating and benefiting from important poverty alleviation and economic empowerment programmes. There is a great potential for commercialization thus increasing opportunities for employment, economic diversification and poverty alleviation. It is possible, however, that a gender costing analysis of the programmes and others would give a

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better reflection of the extent of gender responsiveness5

The ISPAAD programme cost 159 million Pula in the 2009/8 financial year, with the majority of beneficiaries being women. However, it is important to assess what kind of assistance female and male farmers receive as there are gender differences. On the one hand, more men received support for boreholes as they own the boreholes and this is an expensive technology. On the other hand, the rapid assessment indicates that women play a dominant role in food production and food security. In all districts, women in the ISPAAD programme invest more time and resources to contribute to food production at the household level as compared to men. The assessment further indicates that youth participation is very low and their access to land is limited confirming the results of the past research reports.

. One of the programmes that have direct impact on poor female and male farmers is the Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture (ISPAAD). ISPAAD is designed to improve the productive performance of the arable sector. The Agricultural Service Centers (ASC) assists arable farmers to acquire required inputs and draught power. A rapid assessment of ISPAAD in 2009 indicated that 89,000 arable farmers benefited from the programme; that 89% of the famers interviewed own land and that more females own arable land than male, (58% and 42% respectively), (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010).

About 77% of the beneficiaries of the Livestock Management and Infrastructure Development Programme (LIMID) were women. Women constitute the majority of the resource poor and mostly produce small stock, Tswana chickens and guinea fowl. This is consistent with the traditional role of women in primarily small stock and other home based livestock industries.

Challenges related to Gender

The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) initiated the development of the Agricultural Gender Policy Framework in 2003 to address the needs of different groups, men, women and youth so that they can actively participate in agriculture to increase the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP. The government realizes the potential of the sector in ensuring sustainability of the household and national livelihood factors among its female, youth and male citizens, hence increased the sector budget to cater for the newly introduced schemes like: Young Farmers Fund, the Livestock Management and Infrastructure Development, and Arable Lands Development Programme (ALDEP III).

Regarding the key issues related to gender in agriculture, a study was conducted in May – July 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture and the following critical areas6

were identified:

1) Access, Ownership and Control of Agricultural Resources Access, ownership and control of land and other agricultural resources like cattle, water resources, credit/finance, information, markets, technology and support services is in most cases a major asset of men. The 1993 Agricultural Census data indicates that 36% of farm holders are females (MoA, 1997). This has mainly been attributed to the inheritance rights where the preferred heirs were sons of the family. The law also used to discriminate against women where women were regarded as ‘minors’ and therefore were not entitled to possess property including land and other resources like cattle. Most women do not own land and other resources like cattle and boreholes, as it is difficult to obtain these assets through outright purchase given women lack capital and also do not have security to provide collateral to the banks and other financial lending institutions in order to access credit and other support services. Many Governments’ schemes such as the National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development (NAMPAADD), Financial Assistance Policy (FAP), ALDEP I and ALDEP II etc required that applicants have ownership of land. This discriminated against most women. Most of the technology that is used as inputs into the agricultural production is not affordable to women and it would also be very difficult for them to reach out to the information on what, how, when and where to get assistance when needed. Most of these problems have however been curbed in recent law reforms which give women the power to make decisions and access land, credit and other productive resources on their own. Many policies, 5 http://www.genderlinks.org.za/article/botswana-women-farmers-lead-the-way-2011-09-30 6 http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd16/mg/botswana-mg-consultations.pdf

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programmes and projects are also being reviewed and strengthened to ensure equal participation of both women and men. There is also a provision, for example, in the Young Farmer’s Fund, for applicants to lease land if they do not own land. A wealth of information dissemination, education and publicity are undertaken by stakeholders in the agricultural extension, key ministries/departments/organizations, the political organ and the media at large. The Women’s Affairs Department, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and development partners have also engaged on a continuous dialogue with stakeholders to disseminate information on the revised laws and policies, training, capacity building and empowerment of women, men and youth so that they are aware of their rights including inheritance. 2) Gender Differences in Roles and Activities Women in Botswana, like in most countries, are engaged in the formal employment but are also heavily involved in the informal and the traditional care work which is unpaid; these include performing domestic and community based activities and home based care for HIV & AIDS affected patients. These activities add to the heavy workload that women perform in the agricultural sector. In Botswana, this is a major role especially with the HIV/AIDS scourge. Females are therefore left to care for the sick while their male counterparts advance in production. They are therefore suppressed in subsistence agriculture and ultimately are trapped in the cycle of poverty and hence “feminization of poverty”. 3) Women’s Empowerment and Equal Access to Decision-making Gender disparity is another issue of concern within the decision making positions of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). This is historical and cultural as the country College of Agriculture used to mainly train male as the belief was that agriculture was for men. This partly explains why agriculture is dominated by males. In May 2006, MoA staff comprised of 2001 (27%) females and 5478 (73%) males. In this disparity, there were only 11% of women in decision making positions in MoA as compared to 89% male. These gender disparities are most visible in spheres that are usually referred to as ‘the male domains’, which is the Animal Health and Production sector. The agricultural extension is also male dominated. Male dominance is also visible in the farming communities where farmers’ associations are mostly dominated by males especially organizations like the Cattle Owners Associations which are the male domain. Women only own 18% of the national cattle herd in Botswana (MoA 2000). The majority of women who own cattle tend to be those that are married. At farming level, females do not make any major decisions or even respond to any agricultural surveys in the absence of their male counterpart, who is the decision maker. 4) Security in Agricultural Production Areas Recently, the issue of security in agricultural lands and cattle posts has been of serious concern to the nation. This comes from the fact that sound agricultural activities, like cattle rearing and crop production are done in cattle posts and land areas which are detached from service centers and in some cases in very remote areas, which have limited infrastructure, such as telecommunications, roads, police services, electricity, and water. These areas are also very far from developments and the households are sparsely distributed, and they are, therefore, dangerous areas for females to live in. Recently, there has been an increase in the gender based violence cases including rape, murder and sexual harassment on females in farm lands and this alienates females from practicing ranching and other agricultural activities7

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During the consultation in June 2014 with the Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs, Women’s Affairs Department, new developments on the issue of gender imbalance under the law was highlighted. It was mentioned that in January/February 2014, there has been a landmark case on inheritance rights and gender which will change the legal panorama in this vital area. Also, the Ministry abolished the Marital Power Act 2004, and both husband and wife are considered as heads of the family.

7 More information about gender in Botswana can be found at: http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/gender.html

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According to the consultation with the Women’s Affairs Department, the main challenges for women in agriculture are the following:

- Inadequate access to resources (land, cattle and other assets). The Government has launched a programme for women to form groups (at least 5 women) and get a grant of 250,000 Pula to undertake projects in different sectors, including agriculture. Unfortunately, women normally use these grants for smaller assets/projects (for instance they invest in small livestock), while men use the grant to build boreholes or get a more expensive technology.

- Gender violence also affects agriculture as women no longer feel safe going to remote areas on their own to plough the land and stay for the whole season.

- The Gender Affairs Department is understaffed and cannot adequately service all Districts. Hence

assistance has been sought from FAO.

2.3.7 Climate Change Recent studies suggest that late rains in Southern Africa may be due to changing weather patterns as a result of climate change particularly due to the el-Niño effect. These delays will eventually impact on the type of farming systems that are adopted by farmers. The onset of the ploughing season in Botswana is normally in October and ends in January. In the recent cropping seasons, by 15th of November, most areas would have not received enough rainfall. As a result, very little ploughing and planting is normally done. The UNDP's Human Development Report for 2006 acknowledged that farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa who are dependent on rain and its patterns will increasingly have to cope with unpredictable weather. The report also highlights that water scarcity due to climate change tends to affect particularly poor rural women as every day millions of women and young girls walk miles to collect water for their families. This time consuming activity tends to reinforce gender inequalities in employment and education. Furthermore, according to the report, crop yields could in future fall by as much as a third or more in some areas. For livestock, as drought periods become more frequent and of longer, there will be less grazing for animals as they depend entirely on natural pastures. Climate change is predicted to also bring extreme weather effects such as frequent floods. These wet episodes are likely to lead to frequent outbreaks of diseases and hence a challenge to livestock farmers. 2.3.8 Natural Resources Management In the last decade, Botswana has made significant progress in the area of environment and natural resources management. The establishment of the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife & Tourism and the transformation of the National Conservation Strategy Coordinating Unit into a fully-fledged Department of Environmental Affairs has set the tone of the significance that the Government attaches to the environment. These entailed the following subjects: the protection of endangered species, wildlife management, fire management, game reserves, and conservation of wetlands, forest, renewable energy, general biodiversity and waste management. During NDP 9, major environmental policies and legislation have been drawn, such as: Environmental Impact Assessments, Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), the Meteorological Services Act, tourism and sustainable development, resource and eco-system policies. 2.4 An Overview of Agricultural and FSN Programmes, Policy Frameworks and Institutional Structure 2.4.1. Government Programmes To improve the agriculture sector’s performance, the Government designed the National Agriculture Policy in 1991, which was reviewed in 2014. It is intended that the revised policy will address the whole food value chain. This will be accompanied by the creation of a responsive extension system manned by staff with relevant expertise. The Government is also deliberately increasing commercial arable land, with 16,625 ha already allocated in the Pandamatenga area and a further 30 000 is expected to be available under the Zambezi Integrated Agro-Commercial Development Project. With the aim of raising the performance of the agriculture sector, the Government has developed and implemented other major agricultural programmes, such as: Livestock Improvement & Infrastructure

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Development (LIMID, 2007), Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD, 2008), National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture & Dairy Development (NAMPAADD, 2002) and Disease Control and Intensification of Rural Infrastructure Development Programmes. (Please refer to Annex 3 for a more detailed review of major programmes in FAO mandated areas). 2.4.2. Policy Frameworks National Policy on Agricultural Development: Botswana’s agricultural policy is guided by the Revised National Policy on Agricultural Development (NPAD) of 2014, whose main objectives are: Improve Food Security, Diversify the Agriculture Sector, Promote Output and Productivity Growth, Promote Environmentally Sustainable Production Systems, Promote Marketing of Agricultural Products and Mainstream disadvantaged groups into Agricultural Programmes. Revised National Food Strategy (RNFS) - 2000: The RNFS lays down a broad based framework within which the national and household food security and economic security activities are to be carried out. Its scope is to provide economic access to food to households by attainment of a broad based income security; to assure household food security while guaranteeing food safety and nutritional security. Revised National Policy for Rural Development (RNPRD) – 2002: The main goal of RNPRD is to implement policies and strategies that will optimise the social and economic wellbeing of the population and will strengthen its ability to live in dignity. In line with this goal, the main objectives of RNPRD are to: reduce poverty; provide opportunities for income generation and involvement in economic activities; create employment; and enhance people’s participation in planning and implementation of development processes. National Strategy for Poverty Reduction (NSPR) – 2003: Despite rapid economic growth since independence, poverty, especially in rural areas remains a major concern for the Government. The NSPR recognises that one of the causes of poverty in Botswana is drought which increases the risk for investment in farming. The Government has come up with five initiatives aimed at enhancing livelihoods and these include the following: Small-scale Horticulture Development; Expanding Opportunities through Rain-fed Crop Production; Strengthening Community-based Natural Resources Management Programme; Creating Employment Opportunities in Tourism Industry as well as building capacity for Small and Medium Private Businesses. The main purpose of these programmes is to enhance income generating opportunities for the poor. The projects chosen were identified by the poor themselves as having potential to strengthen their technical and operational capacities, increase self-sufficiency and promote sustainable employment opportunities. Poverty Eradication Strategy (PES) - 2009: Since 2009, the Government has intensified its effort to eradicate poverty, with a shift from poverty reduction to poverty eradication. The coordination of poverty eradication efforts which cuts across different sectors is now coordinated by the Office of the President. The Government has set up a Poverty Eradication Programme whose main aim is to improve the livelihoods of its citizens by addressing all aspects of poverty including: policy environment and institutional framework and the establishment of sustainable economic empowerment projects. With backyard gardening, small stock rearing and beekeeping projects, this programme will help in attaining food security and sustainable livelihoods of disadvantaged individuals and households. National Policy on Women in Development – 1996: The Government promulgated this policy which attempts to address the situation of women in Botswana in an integrated and multi-sectoral manner. It focuses on a number of areas, including health and education. Areas of priority that fall within FAO’s mandate are: · elimination of all negative economic and socio-cultural practices as well as inappropriate laws, especially in the areas of inheritance laws and land tenure rights; promotion of skills through training; and promotion of gender awareness in development planning. (Please refer to annex 3 for a more detailed review of major policies in FAO mandated areas).

2.4.3. Institutional Structure of Botswana’s Agricultural Sector The overall agricultural development mandate is the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) which formulates and implements government policies in agriculture and food security. A number of civil society and farmers’ organisations lobby on behalf of their members in order to promote a conducive and effective environment within which farming takes place. However, farmers’ organisations in Botswana are weak and

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unable to perform their functions effectively. Private sector has limited involvement in agriculture, leaving the Government to act as the only investor in agriculture. The research function of the Ministry of Agriculture is an important function of Botswana’s agricultural development. The Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) is the principal agricultural research agency and comprises three divisions: the Arable Research Division, the Animal Production and Range Research Division, and the Support Services Division. Crop research activities encompass cereal crop improvement, horticulture, oil seeds, grain, legumes, crop pest and disease management as well as water and soil management. The livestock management activities include work on animal breeding, dairy, small stock, feeds, and sustainable deployment of range resources. In addition, DAR provides research support services in seed production and certification; soil, plant, and feed analysis; and genetic resources conservation.

Two other government agencies are involved in agricultural Research & Development (R&D) in Botswana: The National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL) and the National Food Technology Research Centre (NFTRC). The NVL falls under the Ministry’s Department of Veterinary Services and focuses on livestock disease diagnosis and control; applied research designed to maintain the health, welfare, and production of farm animals; and the preservation of high meat hygiene standards. NFTRC is a registered company under the same Ministry and focuses on generating food technologies that enhance economic diversification, food security, and quality through sustained R&D focused on end users. The three institutions are in the process of being merged into one National Research and Development Institute.

Other agencies of the Government also play important roles in Botswana’s agricultural development. The Rural Industries Innovation Centre (RIIC) under the administrative responsibility of the Ministry of Infrastructure, Science, and Technology (MIST), used to design and test agricultural equipment and farm machinery relevant to the farming community, such as planters, feed mixers, and chaff cutters. It has since been merged with the Botswana Technology Center (BOTEC) to form the new Botswana Institute of Technology Research and Innovation (BITRI). The Botswana College of Agriculture is a parastatal under the Ministry of Agriculture and an associate institution of the University of Botswana and offers higher diploma and degree programmes in agricultural sciences. It also offers short courses through its Centre for In-service and Continuing Education (CICE). The College is in the process of being transformed into an University.

The Botswana Agricultural Marketing Board (BAMB) has the mandate to purchase agricultural produce, supply agricultural inputs and manage the national strategic grain reserves.

A number of institutions, mainly government owned, also play an important role in improving access to agricultural and rural finance. National Development Bank (NDB), established in 1964 initially with a focus on lending to agriculture, is 100% owned by the Government; Botswana Development Corporation (BDC), established in 1970, to invest in agricultural, commercial and industrial projects through the provision of loans and equity finance as well as Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA) which was established in 2001 to provide loans at subsidized interest rates to SMMEs.

Other institutions that support agriculture, such as commercial banks, provide investment and risk management solutions as well as a range of agribusiness products, commodities and services. Specifically, these include: input suppliers to the agricultural sector; production operations on the farm; storage, transport and logistics of agricultural products; and the processing of agricultural commodities.

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3. FAO’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE 3.1 FAO’s Mandate

FAO’s vision is ‘A world free from hunger and malnutrition where food and agriculture contribute to improving the living standards of all, especially the poorest, in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable manner’.

This Vision is underpinned by FAO’s five strategic objectives: (i) Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition; (ii) Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner; (iii) Livelihoods of rural populations (in particular women and youth) improved through enhanced employment opportunities and conditions, increase access to productive resources and rural services; (iv) Enable more inclusive and efficient food and agricultural systems at local, national and international levels: and (v) Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crisis.

FAO has adopted the Results Based Management (RBM) approach and principles in turning priority interventions into a manageable set of impacts, outcomes and outputs. In Botswana, the strategic results are linked to the Organization’s global objectives, as well as the regional and sub-regional goals. This approach also takes into consideration the objectives of other regional development bodies in natural resource management such as NEPAD/CAADP and SADC.

3.2 FAO areas of Expertise and Competence

FAO has the technical expertise to partner with Government and other stakeholders to implement the CPF and achieve the agreed upon results. FAO’s well-established field and technical expertise in sustainable agriculture and rural development and natural resource management at global level and in Botswana are relevant to the CPF priority areas identified. Specifically, FAO’s well recognized comparative advantages stem from its capacity in the following areas:

Ability to deploy technical expertise to the field: FAO has the capacity, wherewithal and global network connections to draw technical expertise in any field of agriculture (agronomists, foresters, fisheries and livestock specialists, biotechnologists, nutritionists, social scientists, economists, statisticians and other professionals that collect, analyze and disseminate data that support development planning) from the international pool and deploy same to areas of critical need. FAO provides the kind of behind-the-scenes assistance that helps people and nations to help themselves.

Sharing policy expertise: FAO has capacity and experience in supporting the setting of development goals, supporting evidence-based decision making, identifying and formulating policy options for sustainable development, food security and inclusive growth, reform of research and extension systems, supporting planning, drafting effective legislation, integrating gender equality in agricultural programming, and creating national strategies to achieve rural development and hunger alleviation goals.

Supporting Government and International Financial Institutions (IFIs ) to design/formulate and implement investment programmes for improved Food and Nutrition Systems, the development of the agricultural sector and sustainable management of natural resources.

FAO’s global goals

• Reduction of the absolute number of people suffering from hunger, progressively ensuring a country in which all people at all times have sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

• Elimination of poverty and the driving forward of economic and social progress for all with increased food production, enhanced rural development and sustainable livelihoods; and

• Sustainable management and utilization of

natural resources, including land, water, air, climate and genetic resources, for the benefit of present and future generations.

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Provision of agricultural information: FAO has the most extensive agricultural databases and other information that cut across issues of research, development, trade, consumer protection, food safety and many more.

Rallying point for stakeholders: Policy-makers, agricultural experts, extension agencies, NGOs, and farmer organizations look up to the FAO on all aspects of agriculture, food security, environmental management, and forestry. As a neutral forum, FAO provides the setting through which stakeholders can build common understanding and provide assistance to multiple beneficiaries through various projects. FAO also provides more opportunities to Government counterparts.

In particular, FAO through its technical assistance has assisted GoB in a number of areas including:

3.2.1 Animal Disease Control& Emergency Response One of the flagship programmes of the FAO support to Botswana has been in the area of disease control. This includes the foot-and-mouth Disease (FMD) surveillance project (TCP/BOT/2801) which helped to upgrade the serological facilities at the national veterinary diagnostic laboratory to perform large scale testing and provide information on FMD disease status, leading to the development of contingency plans. Botswana has benefited in the past from a project to support prevention and control of contagious bovine pleura-pneumonia control project (TCP/BOT/6712, TCP/BOT/4552) and is now considered as a model country where the disease has been successfully eradicated From 2008 to 2013, FAO/ECTAD placed its sub-regional unit in Gaborone to support member countries tackling area specific problems as well as to coordinate activities with SADC Headquarters in Gaborone. The ECTAD Gaborone played a major coordination role in influenza preparedness in southern African states. Some innovative activities implemented include: laboratory training coupled with annual international laboratory proficiency testing; table-top and simulation exercises regarding implementation of contingency plans as well as development of regional laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). In addition to laboratory trainings and surveillances under several influenza related projects; the ECTAD Gaborone supported the SADC Livestock Technical Committee (LTC) and its subcommittees on laboratory, epidemiology and informatics; veterinary public health in various aspects - financially, logistically, strategically – including a faster reporting through digital pen technology, total laboratory management by using the SILAB system. The ECTAD Gaborone facilitated designation of NVL Botswana as the second Regional Support Laboratory. 3.2.1. Field Programme Development and Capacity Building The FAO has provided support to capacity building through numerous TCP projects. Examples of this assistance include the following:

1. Support and promotion of business concepts for farmers and extension workers –“Capacity Building in Farm Business Management for Farmers and Extension Officers in Botswana” (TCP/BOT/3003).

2. Strengthening institutional capacity in resource control and the creation of sound Monitoring & Evaluation systems –“Monitoring and Evaluation System Development for Ministry of Agriculture” (TCP/BOT/302).

3. Designing of a new data system for the processing and analysis of the annual agricultural and farm management survey data, in the Ministry of Agriculture–“Training in Statistical Data Processing” (TCP/BOT/0066).

4. TCP Facility for a “Feasibility study of the privatisation of the seed services in the MoA” (TCP/BOT/3201)” 5. “ Needs assessment in the fisheries sector” (TCP/BOT/3201) 6. “Strengthening Food Safety in Botswana” (TCP/BOT/3101) 7. “Strategic Plan for Department of Agribusiness Promotions” (TCP/BOT/3201) 8. “Assessment of Livestock Identification and Traceability System” (TCP/BOT/3201) 9. “Botswana’s Agro-food Value Chain Project”, through which the beef value chain study has been

completed (TCP/BOT/3301 BABY01)

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3.2.3. Investment 1. The provision of assistance in the preparation of the Medium Term Investment Programme (MTIP) and

formulation of Bankable Project in support of the CAADP implementation (TCP/BOT/2902 (I) helped in the development of five bankable project proposals for possible financing by international institutions.

In addition, FAO is currently providing or planning to provide support to the GoB in the following areas:

1. Decontamination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contaminated soils using non-thermal treatment methods (GCP/BOT/011/GEF).

This project with a total budget of $1,363,000 is providing support to the MoA and Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism to reduce the risk to public health and the environment from pesticides through the characterization, treatment and decontamination of POPs and POPs contaminated soil.

2. Management of the Asian fruit fly, Bactrocera invaders (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Botswana (TCP/BOT/3402) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) (TCP/SFS/3404).

The government of Botswana efforts in to improve food security within the country are hampered by among others, pests and diseases which greatly affect both arable production and trade in agricultural commodities. The arrival into the country of new pests such the Asian Fruit Fly (Bactrocers invadens) is a serious challenge and support is required both at the national level and the SADC level.

3. Investigating the status, scale and main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade in northern Botswana and assessment of the impact on long term food safety and livelihoods options (TCP/BOT/3501 BABY01).

FAO is supporting the government of Botswana to address illegal hunting and trade in bush meat in northern Botswana, by finding out what the main drivers of illegal hunting and trade in bush meat are, and providing possible solutions to curbing illegal hunting and trade in bush meat.

4. FAO technical support to the COMMESA-EAC-SADC programme on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Eastern and Southern Africa region (OSRO/RAF/307/COM).

One of the key objectives of the COMESA-EAC-SADC programme (with a budget of $4,000,000) is to support the scaling up of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). The expected benefits of this include bringing a significant improvement in the livelihoods and food security to at least 1.2 million small-scale farmers in the region. CSA is now known to bring about resilience (adaptation), increase productivity and reduce Green House Gases (GHG) and enhance food security at household levels. The programme will support the scaling up of Conservation Agriculture (CA) best practices in combination with agro-forestry and livestock management. Botswana is one of the beneficiary countries for this project and is currently being supported to establish a National Task Force on CA, as the first step for the scaling up of Conservation Agriculture best practices in the country.

5. Strengthening controls of food safety, plant and animal pests and diseases for agricultural productivity and trade in Southern Africa (GCP/SFA/001/MUL).

This is a $4,000,000 project with its main goal being to provide sufficient knowledge at producer and consumer levels and improve capacity to implement risk mitigation strategies in a coordinated fashion in the SADC region, with Botswana as one of the 8 beneficiary countries. In order for these countries to improve economic growth through sustainable agriculture and natural resource management, it is imperative that states address food safety, plant and animal health issues to increase agricultural productivity and facilitate regional trade.

6. Development of crop pests and diseases inventory in support of the implementation of phyto-sanitary measures in Botswana (in pipeline).

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This project has been designed to assist the Government of Botswana carry out a nationwide survey in order to update its pest list in line with International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) standards. The survey will incorporate phyto-sanitary measures such as risk analysis and strengthening the capacity of field, and laboratory diagnosis of pests. The project has been allocated a budget of $250,000.

7. Development of an agricultural information and knowledge management system for the SADC region (in pipeline).

The objective of this project is to develop an appropriate platform for sharing information related to agricultural research in the SADC region. Botswana is to be one of the beneficiary countries. This information will be used by researchers, extension officers, traders, development partners, private organisations and the public sector. In addition, support will be given to build national capacities to operate such information systems.

3.3 Cooperation and Synergies with Development Partners and other Stakeholders

FAO works in partnership with institutions, including public agencies particularly the national governments, other public institutions, private sector, private foundations, grassroots organizations, professional associations, IFIs, multilateral agencies and other United Nations agencies. The major development partners that have in recent years contributed to the agricultural development in Botswana alongside FAO include: • The main bilateral agencies active in the sector including:

- Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA): JICA's support to Botswana primarily focuses

on infrastructure development for economic growth, and development acceleration in areas of poverty.

- German International Cooperation (GIZ): GIZ is providing support to Botswana in the following areas: Vocational training, Natural resources management, Regional economic development and Climate Change.

• Key multilateral agency such as;

- The African Development Bank (AfDB): in the area of agriculture, the AfDB has supported Botswana mainly through agricultural infrastructure, according to the Bank programme for Botswana 2009-2013.

Although it is not a development partner per se but rather a financial mechanism, it is worth mentioning the Global Environment Facility (GEF), as the table below shows GEF as the top resource partner in Botswana for the areas of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery for the period 2011-2012. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a financial mechanism of the main multilateral environmental agreements, established in 1991 and working in Botswana since 1992. It is currently the largest public funder worldwide of projects aiming to generate global environmental benefits, with FAO being one of the GEF agencies. Botswana has received GEF grants for projects in the following areas: biodiversity, climate change, persistent organic pollutants, international waters and land degradation.

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Fig. 1. Top 10 Resource Partners in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery in Botswana (2011-2012)

Source: ADAM, 2014

In line with the Paris Declaration, UN agencies engaged in development activities in a country operating under a common UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF). As a member of the UN Country Team, FAO contributes to the UNDAF with the results defined in the CPF. In the current UNDAF (2010-2016), the UN agencies agreed to focus their assistance in the areas of agriculture, rural development and management of natural resources as follows: • UNDP: the programme areas in this UNDAF for focus include disaster risk reduction, poverty reduction,

sustainable environment and climate change mitigation and adaptation.

• UNEP: the programme areas in this UNDAF for focus include ecosystem management, water management, biodiversity conservation, land management, climate change adaptation and mitigation, environmental governance and integration of environmental issues into development and poverty reduction frameworks at national and district levels.

• IAEA: for the 2009-2011 programme whose focus was on assessment of nutrition interventions related to

HIV AIDS and agriculture as well as monitoring of trans-boundary animal diseases.

3.4 FAO’s delivery capacity The estimated resource requirements for the CPF implementation amount to USD 4.604 million over a 3-years period (USD 1.535 million on average per year). According to FPMIS, the total field programme delivery for the period 2009- 2013 was USD 0.342 million (on average USD 0.0684 million/year), although showing an impressive increasing tendency in the delivery in 2014. It is therefore evident that FAO has the annual delivery capacity to implement the planned priority outputs under the current CPF.

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Fig. 4

4. PROGRAMING FOR RESULTS GoB – FAO CPF Priority Areas: In light of the foregoing analysis and several consultations with stakeholders, the following three key priority areas for FAOs assistance have been agreed upon:

• Priority area 1: Support for production and natural resource management in the adoption of environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustained increase of agricultural production.

• Priority area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security.

• Priority area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems.

CPF priority area 1: Support to production and natural resource management in the adoption of environmentally friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustained increase of agricultural production Expected results As contribution to achieving the government policy objectives related to increased agricultural output and productivity and conservation of scarce agricultural and land resources, FAO will support the Government’s efforts in the promotion and adoption of environmental friendly and climate smart agricultural practices and approaches for sustained increased of the agricultural production and conservation of natural resources. The key performance indicators are listed below.

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Table.1: A list of specific outputs and the nature of activities CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Assumptions

Outcome 1: Producers and natural resource managers adopt the new and innovative

environmental friendly and climate smart

agriculture practices and approaches for

sustainable increase of agriculture production

Number of and type of the new innovative approaches and practices introduced and adopted by the relevant stakeholders

To be determined

To be determined By-in of all

key stakeholders,

seeing the benefits of

the adoption of the new approaches

and practices

Number of targeted stakeholders adopting the new and innovative practices and approaches, by type (Ref. to Asian fruit fly, climate smart agriculture practices, etc.)

To be determined

To be determined

% of targeted beneficiaries attribute their livelihood improvement to provided FAO assistance related to the sustainable management of the Asian Fruit Fly

To be determined

At least 60%

Output 1.1. Institutional (NPPO), extension services and farmer's capacities for sustainable management of Asian Fruit Fly in Chobe District land built.

FAO will provide technical assistance to the Government in (i) designing, testing and rolling out the control strategies for managing the Asian Fruit fly in targeted areas; (ii) reviewing and revising the quarantine regulations; and (iii) building capacities in the application of the Asian Fruit Fly control strategies of at least 500 target beneficiaries at community and household level, including extension staff and farmers.

Output 1.2. Improved policy, legal framework and institutional capacities for the life-cycle management and disposal of obsolete pesticides

FAO will continue to provide technical assistance in the area of life-cycle management and disposal of obsolete pesticides and in the next period will primarily focus its support on building institutional capacities, and policy and legislative framework. Specifically, it will provide assistance in (i) the review of the policy on the use of pesticides, with the aim of decreasing the number of registered Class 1 and 2 pesticides within the policy; (ii) review and revision of the legislation and the related regulations for the life-cycle management of pesticides ensuring its full integration and coherence; (iii) complete the work on the disposal of all obsolete stocks of pesticides and associated wastes in accordance with the international best practices.

Output 1.3: Enhanced institutional capacities and arrangements to promote Climate Change (CC) adaptation and mitigation and build resilience through the application of innovative technologies, practices and approaches.

FAO will continue to provide support in strengthening the institutional capacities for promotion of climate smart agricultural approaches and practices, with the particular focus given to (i) undertaking national and subnational stakeholder sensitization of the establishment of the CA coordination platform and its governance and operational structure; (ii) building the capacities of the Botswana National Conservation Agricultural National Task Force and integration of climate smart agricultural (CSA) approaches in their work; Facilitate meetings of the CA coordination platform and ensure participation of women organizations, private sector, research, extension and civil society; (iii) conducting CSA awareness raising events; (iv) establishment of variety of demonstration plots/ sites for the testing and promotion of innovative CSA technologies and practices and conduct of CA training of trainers events.

Output 1.4: Innovative gender responsive approaches and practices for sustainable agricultural production identified, disseminated and adoption by farmers and extension workers facilitated

FAO will work with the relevant key stakeholders and extension workers to promote and facilitate the uptake by farmers of innovative approaches and practices through the review, assessment and dissemination of good agricultural practices in Botswana, assessment and piloting of innovative rain water harvesting and utilization systems; review and assessment of mechanisation options for small scale farmers, and related incentive schemes; setting up an online agricultural research dissemination and collaboration platform (CCARDESA) as the sub-regional hub. In addition, given the important role of women in the agriculture sector, FAO will build capacities of the gender officers and the focal points of the relevant government stakeholders in mainstreaming gender issues into the food security and nutrition programmes and support activities.

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CPF Priority Area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security

In line with the Botswana Government policy objective to improve food security at household and national levels, FAO will assist the government in strengthening the policy and legislative framework to support sustainable increase in agricultural production and management of natural resources as well as improving the national nutrition surveillance system for evidence based decision making.

Table.2: Specific focus areas in terms of the achievements

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Assumptions

Outcome 2: Strengthened policy and legislative framework in support of sustainable increase in agricultural production and management of natural resources.

Number of inclusive and gender responsive polices and policy options, strategies and legislative frameworks adopted by the Government, with FAOs support, by 2016

To be determined (no policy on plant protection; Plant protection Act available from 2007; Irrigation policy drafted with FAOs support, however, not presented/validated by the Government; no strategy for Animal and Plant Genetic Resource)

At least 3 (Crop protection policy, Irrigation policy, strategy and legislation for Animal and plant genetic resources, policy options for prevention of illegal bush meat hunting...)

Political will to develop inclusive policies

Botswana Nutrition surveillance system integrates appropriate nutrition indicators

Current nutrition surveillance system lacking key nutrition indicators.

Nutrition surveillance system integrates appropriate nutrition indicators on the basis of FAOs recommendations

The Government will and commitment to adopt FAOs recommendations

Output 2.1: Improved capacity of the key government stakeholders in the preparation of the targeted, gender responsive sector policies to respond to current and future sector needs.

FAO will provide technical assistance in the review and preparation of the key policies influencing agricultural production, with specific focus given to a Plant protection policy and Irrigation policy. It will also facilitate the process of adoption of these policies by the Government.

Output 2.2: Legislative framework for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources developed

Given the importance of preserving the animal and plant genetic resources, FAO will support the Government in the preparation of the legislative framework for the protection of animal and plant genetic resources and build the capacities of the relevant stakeholders as to its implementation.

Output 2.3: Policy options and regulatory and control measures identified and tested to address main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade and its long term implications on the food safety and livelihoods

FAO technical assistance will, focus on (i) identifying main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade in northern Botswana, and its long term implications on food and safety and livelihoods of local communities; (ii) identifying and testing possible solutions to address the underlying causes, and related control and regulatory measures; identifying possible alternative livehoods for local communities; (iii) awareness creation raising sessions and campaigns to sensitize local communities and policy makers, and to build capacities of low enforcement agents in the field. FAOs technical assistance will directly benefit rural communities in northern Botswana who risk losing a very important natural resource for long term food security and livelihoods based on wildlife (such as recreation, hunting and tourism which offer employment opportunities and income). It will facilitate a creation of links between local and conservation communities and the Government.

Output 2.4: Improved capacities of the government to monitor and analyse the status of nutrition in the country for improved decision making

FAO will provide technical assistance in the design and conduct of the National Nutrition Survey, ensuring that the relevant nutrition indicators are included. A particular focus will be given to assessing the Malnutrition

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levels (Stunting, wasting and underweight among 6-59months children), establishing the prevalence of Low Body Mass Index (BMI), anaemia, overweight among women 15-49years, establishing the prevalence of nutritional anaemia among children, determining the availability and consumption of iodised salt among sampled households, establishing the current Infant and young Child feeding practices (Exclusive breastfeeding level, Early imitation, timely introduction of complementary feeding), and determining the current Zinc and Vitamin A deficiency levels. In addition, FAO will review the existing Nutrition surveillance system, identify gaps and provide recommendations on the integration of relevant nutritional indicators.

CPF Priority Area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems

In line with government policy objective of promoting more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems, FAO will support the government in strengthening their institutional and technical capacities to meet relevant Sanitary and Phytosanitory Standards (SPS) and provide related public services..

Table 1: Specific outputs of FAOs assistance

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Assumptions

Outcome 3: Improved capacities of government

institutions and stakeholders at local, district and national

levels to provide public services related to plant and animal health and

food safety.

Number of SPS related institutions (plant health, animal health and food safety) complying to the SPS measures

Currently, Inadequate controls of food safety, plant and animal pests diseases, in compliance with SPS measures.

3 SPS (plant health, animal health and food safety) institutions

Strong will and buy-in by the

relevant government authorities

Border information and Communication System established and functioning

Lack of accessible Agricultural Information on Import and Export to the end user.

Border information and Communication System established and functioning, by end 2016

Output 3.1. Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for the implementation of SPS measures in accordance with international standards and country needs

FAO will pay particular attention to the training of inspectors on the implementation of SPS measures related to plant and animal health and food safety; as well as provide support in the establishment of food safety authority with specific focus given to legislative and institutional framework, and building of the related technical capacities.

Output 3.2. Strengthened institutional capacities and systems for animal disease monitoring and response (early detection, warning and response) against priority animal diseases

FAO will provide technical assistance in the assessment of the existing animal disease monitoring and response systems for early detection, warning and response and risk mitigation against priority animal diseases and provide recommendations for its improvement. In addition, it will also assist in the preparation and implementation of the PPR (Peste des Petits Ruminants) strategy and the contingency plan.

Output 3.3. Improved technical capacities for the development and conduct of the crop pest and diseases inventory in support of implementation of phyto-sanitary measures

FAO assistance will focus on building capacity of the relevant staff from National Plant Protection Officer (NPPO), DAR and BSA in the field identification, sampling procedures and packaging as well as pest and diseases diagnosis. In addition, it will provide support in consolidating and validating the Regulated National Pest list, which is now outdated.

Output 3.4. Improved regulatory capacities and compliance of meat (beef) inspection services and value chain stakeholders

23

In conjunction with the above activities, FAO will provide support for improving the regulatory capacities and the compliance of meat (beef) inspection services and relevant value chain actors. Specifically, FAO will provide recommendations and options for the improvement of the policy, regulatory and institutional framework, as well as provide a risk analysis framework and guidelines for commodity based trade in de-boned beef.

Output 3.5. Improved information and communication system on the recurrent agricultural import and export regulations.

FAO will provide assistance in the design and implementation of the border information and communication system, as well as conduct awareness raising sessions and trainings for the relevant stakeholders – traders, producers, general public, Ministry of Agriculture inspectors, about the agricultural import and export regulations.

5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND MONITORING OF THE CPF IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Institutional arrangements

The FAO Representative to Botswana, based in Zimbabwe, will be ultimately responsible for the planning and implementation of the CPF in close collaboration with the Government of Botswana, donors, research institutions, and other national and international organizations. Selection of implementing partners will be guided by criteria which include institutional and technical capability; comparative advantage; sound financial management and accountability and past experience in implementing similar programmes and projects. Whenever synergies allow, FAO will work with other UN agencies through joint programme initiatives.

To support the implementation, a FAO Country Support Team will be established, composed of the technical officers from the Sub-regional and Regional Office and the Headquarters, who will, in their respective technical areas provide the necessary technical backstopping, support the FAO Representative in monitoring and reporting of the progress, as well as in the regular annual implementation reviews of the CPF.

The National Steering Committee, chaired by the Permanent secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Assistant FAO Representative, will have an oversight role in the CPF implementation.

5.2 Monitoring and Reporting

Programme implementation will be guided by Annual Work Plans which will be prepared through participation of all stakeholders. A monitoring framework for the entire CPF will be finalized in the first six months of CPF implementation. It will include, in addition to the existing results matrix format, information related to methodology, frequency and responsibility for collecting data for each of the indicators at outcome and output level, as well as elements related to the reporting framework.

During the CPF implementation, FAO will, in consultation with the key stakeholders involved in the CPF implementation, carryout annual reviews of (i) the progress made in achieving the CPF results at output level, as well as (ii) their continued relevance to the national agenda and FAO’s corporate and regional priorities. At the time that the annual review will coincide with the mid-year of the CPF programming cycle, the mid-term review will also focus on assessing the progress made with respect to the achievement of CPF outcomes. This mid-term review will be jointly carried out by FAO and the Government. Findings of the review will be included in a mid-term progress report.

Regular implementation reviews will provide opportunity to FAO and the Government of Botswana to assess the need for possible corrective actions and revisions that may change the scope and orientations of the CPF, including rescheduling, and/or cancelling of outcomes or output, adjustments in the indicators and their targets, means of verification and assumptions.

24

A final self- assessment of the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of FAO’s support to the country will be included in a CPF final completion report, to serve as a basis of lessons learnt for the formulation of the CPF for the subsequent period.

25

Annex 1: CPF Priority and Results matrix for Botswana (2014-2016)

CPF priority 1: Support to producers and natural resource managers in the adoption of environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustained increase of agricultural production

Botswana's Agricultural Policy Objectives: Promote output and productivity growth and Promote environmentally sustainable production systems. UNDAF Strategic Pillar: Environment and climate change FAO Strategic Objective Outcome: 2.1 Producers and natural resource managers adopt practices that increase and improve agricultural sector production in a sustainable manner

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification Assumptions

Outcome 1: Producers and natural resource managers adopt

the new and innovative environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture

practices and approaches for sustainable increase of agriculture production

Number of and type of the new innovative approaches and practices introduced and adopted by the relevant stakeholders

To be determined To be determined MoV: Government and FAO reports

By-in of all key stakeholders, seeing the benefits of the adoption of the new approaches

and practices

Number of targeted stakeholders adopting the new and innovative practices and approaches, by type (Ref. to Asian fruit fly, climate smart agriculture practices, etc.)

To be determined To be determined MoV: Survey results - FAO

% of targeted beneficiaries attribute their livelihood improvement to provided FAO assistance related to the sustainable management of the Asian Fruit Fly

To be determined At least 60% MoV: Survey results - FAO

Output 1.1. Institutional (NPPO), extension services and farmer's

capacities for sustainable management of Asian Fruit Fly in

Chobe District land built

[FAO SO2.1]

Effective control strategies rolled out in targeted area

Zero, in view of the emerging new pests in the country

To be determined SADC & FAO progress Reports Availability of skilled personal to facilitate the

rollout of the control strategies; and interest

of the relevant stakeholders to apply the control measures. Targeted groups see

benefits of their involvement.

Number of key stakeholders and target beneficiaries at community and household level trained in the application of the Asian Fruit Fly control strategies (disaggregated by target groups)

Zero At least 500 (disaggregated by target groups)

MoA reports

Fruit fly quarantine regulations revised and validated by key stakeholders.

To be determined Fruit fly quarantine regulations revised and validated by key stakeholders by 2016

MoV/SoV: NPPO Monthly and Annual Reports; SADC & FAO Reports; Workshop report

Output 1.2. Improved policy, legal framework and institutional capacities for the life-cycle management and disposal of obsolete pesticides

[FAO SO2.1.3]

% decrease in the number of registered Class 1 and 2 pesticides within the policy on the use of pesticides

No data on amounts of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) entering the country and assessment of lower risk alternatives.

50% of Class 1 (WHO) pesticides de-registered for use in Botswana.

MoV: Revised policy on pesticides use.

Effective collaboration among the relevant participating institutions; Correct assessment/inventory of the volumes of the obsolete pesticides; Funds and expertise available.

Revised legislation and regulations for life-cycle management of pesticides including disposal of future waste submitted to Parliament for endorsement and passage into the statute books

Existing legislation is fragmented and needs consolidation through the entire life-cycle.

Fully integrated legislation and regulations in place to allow complete pesticide life-cycle management.

MoV: Draft of the new legislation and regulations submitted to Parliament for endorsement

Disposal of all obsolete stocks of pesticides and associated wastes (containers) in accordance

Collection of some stocks to the Sebele

All pesticide stockpiles (60-80 tonnes) sent for environmentally sound

MoV: Completed Basel Convention documents

26

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification Assumptions with international best practice. collection point. No

detailed inventory or stock management. Materials leaking.

disposal and system for treatment of stockpiled pesticide containers implemented (as defined in the EA / EMP).

confirming export of stockpiles. Containers sent for recycling following decontamination. Disposal/destruction certificates from facility.

Number of people aware of agro-chemicals handling management and disposal (synergies to be discussed in the context of GFF project)

Poor awareness Campaigns mounted in all major crop production areas by end of 2016

MoV: MoA reports

Output 1.3.: Enhanced institutional capacities and arrangements to promote Climate Change (CC) adaptation and mitigation and build resilience through the application of innovative technologies, practices and approaches.

[FAO SO2.1.3]

Botswana CA National Task Force, integrating CSA approaches established and functioning, with Participation of women and civil society organizations

National Task force constituted and

annual plan developed but no ratification

done.

CANTF, integrating CSA approaches established with the participation of

women and CSOs.

MoV: District Agricultural Reports

No delays in implementing project

Number and type of demonstration plots/sites established for the promotion of innovative CSA technologies, practices and approaches, by end 2015

To be determined To be determined MoV: District Agricultural Reports; FAO activity/ project progress reports.

Output 1.4: Innovative gender responsive approaches and practices for sustainable agricultural production identified, disseminated and adoption by farmers and extension workers facilitated (e.g. mechanization, small-scale irrigation, GAP)

[FAO SO 2.1.1.]

.

Number of FAO-supported initiatives that use inclusive and participatory approaches to validate and facilitate uptake of innovative practices for sustainable agricultural production [direct contribution FAO Strategic Framework indicator 2.1.1]

To be determined

At least 3 initiatives (e.g. an online agricultural research dissemination and collaboration platform - CCARDESA; database/handbook on good agricultural practices; small scale mechanisation options and irrigation - rain water harvesting and utilization systems; identification and control of major invasive plant species, etc)

MoV: FAO activity / project progress reports

Interest by the key stakeholders to participate in the activities and adopt the new practices

Number of gender officers and focal points ( Ministry of Labour and other relevant ministries) trained in mainstreaming gender issues into the food security and nutrition programmes and support activities

Zero

16 gender officers from the Ministry of Labour across 8 districts and at least 3 gender focal points from other ministries (e.g. agriculture, health, environment)

MoV: FAO activity / project progress reports

Interest of the targeted staff to participate and see benefits of the training

FAO Strategic objective outputs: 2.1.1 Innovative practices for sustainable agricultural production (including traditional practices that improve sustainability, such as those listed as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) are identified, assessed and disseminated and their adoption by stakeholders is facilitated 2.1.3 Organizational and institutional capacities of public and private institutions, organizations and networks are strengthened to support innovation and the transition toward more sustainable agricultural production systems

27

CPF Priority Area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security Botswana’s Agricultural Policy Objectives: Improvement in food security at the household and national levels; Promote output and productivity growth , Diversify the Agriculture Sector and Mainstream disadvantaged groups into Agricultural Programmes. UNDAF Strategic Pillars: Governance and human rights promotion; Economic diversification and poverty reduction; Youth and women empowerment FAO Strategic Objective Outcome: 2.2. Stakeholders in member countries strengthen governance – the policies, laws, management frameworks and institutions that are needed to support producers and resource managers – in the transition to sustainable agricultural sector production systems 1.3. The decisions of member countries and their development partners regarding food security and nutrition are based on evidence and high-quality, timely and comprehensive food security and nutrition analysis that draws on data and information available in the network of existing sector and stakeholder information systems

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification

Assumptions

Outcome 2: Strengthened policy and legislative framework in support of sustainable increase of agricultural production and management of natural resources

Number of inclusive and gender responsive polices and policy options, strategies and legislative frameworks adopted by the Government, with FAOs support, by 2016

To be determined (no policy on plant protection; Plant protection Act available from 2007; Irrigation policy drafted with FAOs support, however, not presented/validated by the Government; no strategy for Animal and Plant Genetic Resource)

At least 3 (Crop protection policy, Irrigation policy, strategy and legislation for Animal and plant genetic resources, policy options for prevention of illegal bush meet hunting...)

Government gazette Political will to develop inclusive policies

Botswana Nutrition surveillance system integrates appropriate nutrition indicators

Current nutrition surveillance system lacking key nutrition indicators.

Nutrition surveillance system integrates appropriate nutrition indicators on the basis of FAOs recommendations

MoV: the list of indicators available in the Surveillance system

The Government will and commitment to adopt FAOs recommendations

Output 2.1: Improved capacity of the key government stakeholders in the preparation of the targeted, gender responsive sector policies to respond to current and future sector needs

[FAO SO2.2.2]

Number of gender responsive sector policies reviewed/ drafted in support of sustainable increases of the agricultural productions, with the inclusive participation of all key stakeholders

To be determined (no policy on plant protection; Plant protection Act available from 2007; Irrigation policy drafted with FAOs support, however, not presented/validated by the Government. Meanwhile, it requires review.

By mid 2016, at least 2 sector/subsector policies are validated by the key stakeholders and submitted to the Government for ratification (Irrigation policy, Plant protection policy)

MoV: FAO progress reports; MoA reports Government and

other key stakeholders interest and

commitment to participate; funds available on time

Output 2.2: Legislative framework for the for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources developed

[FAO SO2.2.2]

Draft legislative framework prepared and validated by the key stakeholders, by 2016

Inexistent legislative framework for the protection of animal and plant genetic resources

1

MoV: draft legislative framework (FAO); Validation workshop report (FAO, Government)

Output 2.3: Policy options and regulatory and control measures identified and tested to address main drivers of

Policy options and regulatory control measures tested in targeted areas and validated by the key stakeholders, by mid-2015

No information available on causes of illegal hunting and bush meat trade. Lack of awareness and appreciation by the general public and decision makers on the importance of sustainable

1

Mov: Study report available/ published at the Department of Wildlife and National

Government and other key

stakeholders interest and

28

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification

Assumptions

illegal hunting and bush-meat trade and its longer tem implications on the food safety and livelihoods

[FAO SO2.2.1.]

use of wildlife and possible impacts on food security and livelihoods.

Parks commitment to participate in the review/ drafting Number of awareness campaigns and

sessions organized in targeted areas with the inclusive participation of local communities and low enforcement agents

Lack of awareness and appreciation by the general public and decision makers on the importance of sustainable use of wildlife and possible impacts on food security and livelihoods.

To be determined MoV: FAO project progress reports

Output 2.4: Improved capacities of the government to monitor and analyse the status of nutrition in the country for improved decision making [FAO SO1.3.1]

National Nutrition Survey conducted with FAO’s support establishing the baseline information against the key nutrition indicators

The data on nutrition are old and incomplete. The last data on micronutrient deficiencies were collected in 1994 and the Botswana Family Health Survey (which actually does not include micronutrient deficiency data) is from 2007. Therefore, all the decisions, including this new strategy, are based on this old and incomplete baseline.

The Survey conducted and results available by 2016

MoV: Survey results available; SoV: FAO Government and

other key stakeholders interest and

commitment to use the available

information for decision making

Botswana Nutrition surveillance system reviewed and the list of key nutritional indicators for integration into the system identified and submitted to the relevant Government authority for consideration, by 2016

The national nutrition surveillance system (from 2000) does not contain all relevant variables such as breast feeding which currently is a major issue in the country, as due to fear of HIV transmission, babies are bottle-fed. Only in 2006, a number of 500 babies, all bottle-fed, died during an outbreak of diarrhoea.

Botswana Nutrition surveillance system reviewed and key nutritional indicators integrated by 2016

MoV: FAO project progress reports

FAO Strategic objective outputs: 1.3.1 Improving capacities of governments and stakeholders to monitor trends and analyze the contribution of sectors and stakeholders to food security and nutrition 2.2.1 Countries are supported to analyse governance issues and options for sustainable agricultural production and natural resources management 2.2.2 Countries are supported to strengthen national governance frameworks that foster sustainable agricultural production and natural resources management

29

CPF Priority Area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems Botswana’s Agricultural Policy Objectives: Promote marketing of Agricultural Products FAO Corporate Outcome: 4.1 International agreements, mechanisms and standards that promote more efficient and inclusive trade and markets are formulated and implemented by countries

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification

Assumptions

Outcome 3.: Improved capacities of government institutions and stakeholders

at local, district and national levels to provide public services related to plant

and animal health and food safety.

Number of SPS related institutions (plant health, animal health and food safety) complying to the SPS measures

Currently, Inadequate controls of food safety, plant and animal pests diseases, in compliance with SPS measures.

3 SPS (plant health, animal health and food safety) institutions

MoV: to be determined

Strong will and buy-in by the relevant government authorities

Border information and Communication System established and functioning

Lack of accessible Agricultural Information on Import and Export to the end user.

Border information and Communication System established and functioning, by end 2016

MoV: to be determined

Output 3.1. Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for the implementation of SPS measures in accordance with international standards and country needs [FAO SO4.1.4]

Number of Inspectors trained in implementation of SPS measures related to plant and animal health and food safety

Baseline to be undertaken and reported within the initial six months of the start of the activities.

Inspectors representing all border control points trained

MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports

Strong willingness of targeted staff to participate in the related capacity building activities; government commitment for the adoption of the related SPS measures.

National food safety authority established Zero National food safety authority established by 2016

MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports; National Gazette

Output 3.2. Strengthened institutional capacities and systems for animal disease monitoring and response (early detection, warning and response) against priority animal diseases [FAO SO4.1.4]

Animal disease monitoring and response systems for early detection, warning and response and risk mitigation against priority animal diseases assessed and recommendation for its improvement submitted to the Government

To be determined

Recommendation for strengthening of the monitoring and response system validated by the key stakeholders, by end 2015

MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports

Full participation of all relevant stakeholders

PPR strategy and contingency plan developed and implemented

No PPR strategy and contingency plan available

PPR strategy and contingency plan developed and implemented by 2016

MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports; Validation workshop report.

Output 3.3 Improved technical capacities for the development and conduct of the crop pest and diseases inventory in support of implementation of phyto-sanitary measures [FAO SO4.1.4]

Number of staff from NPPO, DAR, and BCA trained in field identification, sampling procedure and packaging and pest and disease diagnosis.

To be determined To be determined MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports Full participation of all

stakeholders, including farmers; timely release of funds for related activities implementation Regulated National Pest List consolidated

and validated

Current list outdated (last update in 1990/91 cropping season)

Regulated National Pest List consolidated and validated, by end 2016

MoV: National Pest List available (FAO, Government)

Output 3.4 Improved regulatory capacities and compliance of meat (beef) inspection services and value chain stakeholders [FAO SO4.1.4]

Recommendations and options for the improvement of the policy, regulatory and institutional framework provided

To be determined Recommendations and options provided by end-2016

MoV: Document describing recommendations and options for

Full participation of relevant stakeholders and interest; funds availability

30

CPF Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of verification

Assumptions

improvement available (FAO)

A risk analysis framework and guidelines for commodity based trade (CBT) in de-boned beef developed and implemented

Zero 1

MoV: Risk analysis framework and guidelines available (FAO)

Output 3.5. Improved information and communication system on the recurrent agricultural import and export regulations. [FAO SO4.1.3.]

Border information and Communication System designed, responding to specific conditions and operations in Botswana and validated by the key stakeholders

Lack of swift, readily and accessible Agricultural Information on Import and Export to the end user.

Border information and Communication System established and functioning, by end 2015

MoV: A design proposal available (FAO); Validation workshop report. Full participation of all key

stakeholders, including end users of these regulations; funding availability to implement activities.

Number of key stakeholders (traders, producers, general public, Ministry of Agriculture Inspectors) with increased awareness about key agricultural import/ export regulations with inclusive participation of women (disaggregated by sex)

Limited public awareness on issues of agricultural import/export regulations and restrictions leading to non-compliance to key import and export regulations.

To be determined MoV: FAO Project Progress Reports

FAO Strategic objective outputs: 4.1.3 Governments and national stakeholders are provided with up-to-date information and analysis to design and implement efficient and inclusive market and trade strategies 4.1.4 Public sector institutions are supported to improve their capacity to design and implement better policies and regulatory frameworks, and to provide public services related to plant and animal health, food safety and quality

31

Annex 2: CPF resource requirements for 2014-2016

CPF Results Total resource requirements,

US$

Available resources, in US$ Resource mobilization target, in US$ Implementing Partners Resource Partner

modalities (existing/potential) Total TCP Other TF Total TCP Other TF National International

Total resource requirements 4,603,683 2,624,650 428,317 2,196,333 1,979,033 1,818,865 160,168

CPF priority 1: Support to producers and natural resource managers in the adoption of environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustained increase of agricultural production

Outcome 1: Producers and natural resource managers adopt the new and innovative environmental friendly and climate smart agriculture practices and approaches for sustainable increase of agriculture production 2,186,501 2,026,333 330,000 1,696,333 160,168 160,168

Output 1.1. Institutional (NPPO), extension services and farmer's capacities for sustainable management of Asian Fruit Fly in Chobe District land built 330,000 330,000 330,000

TCP/BOT/3402: Management of Asian Fruit Fly (Bactrocera Invadens) in Botswana 219,000 219,000 219,000

TCP/SFS/3404: Management of the Asian Fruit Fly, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). 111,000 111,000 111,000

Output 1.2. Improved policy, legal framework and institutional capacities for the life-cycle management and disposal of obsolete pesticides 1,363,000 1,363,000 1,363,000

GCP /BOT/011/GFF: Demonstration project for decontamination of POPs contaminated soils using non-thermal treatment methods 1,363,000 1,363,000 1,363,000

Output 1.3.: Enhanced institutional capacities and arrangements to promote Climate Change (CC) adaptation and mitigation and build resilience through the application of innovative technologies, practices and approaches. 333,333 333,333 0 333,333

32

OSRO/RAF/307/COM: FAO technical support to the COMMESA-EAC-SADC programme on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Eastern and Southern Africa region 333,333 333,333 333,333

Output 1.4: Innovative gender responsive approaches and practices for sustainable agricultural production identified, disseminated and adoption by farmers and extension workers facilitated (e.g. mechanization, small-scale irrigation, GAP) 160,168 0 0 0 160,168 0 160,168

Project Idea: Technical Assistance for the Training Farmers and Extension Officers on Farm Machinery Management 85,168 85,168 85,168

Project Idea: Produce a database / handbook on good agricultural practices for Botswana 50,000 50,000 50,000

Project Idea: Small-scale rain water harvesting and utilization systems 25,000 25,000 25,000

CPF Priority Area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security

Outcome 2: Strengthened policy and legislative framework in support of sustainable increase of agricultural production and management of natural resources 778,317 98,317 98,317 680,000 680,000

Output 2.1: Improved capacity of the key government stakeholders in the preparation of the targeted, gender responsive sector policies to respond to current and future sector needs 30,000 30,000 30,000

Project idea: Review of irrigation policy 10,000 10,000 10,000

Project idea: Preparation of Plant protection policy 20,000 20,000 20,000

Output 2.2: Legislative framework for the for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources developed 20,000 20,000 20,000

Project idea: Preparation of the legal framework for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources 20,000 20,000 20,000

Output 2.3: Policy options and regulatory and control measures identified and tested to address main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade and its longer tem implications on the food safety and livelihoods 398,317 98,317 98,317 300,000 300,000

33

Ongoing: Investigating the status, scale and main drivers of illegal hunting and bushmeat trade in Northern Botswana and assessment of impact on long term food security and livelihoods options (TCP/BOT/3501 BABY01) 98,317 98,317 98,317

Project idea: Identification of policy options and regulatory and control measures 300,000 300,000 300,000

Output 2.4: Improved capacities of the government to monitor and analyse the status of nutrition in the country for improved decision making 330,000 0 0 0 330,000 330,000

Project idea: Preparation and conduct of National Nutrition survey 300,000 300,000 300,000

Project idea: Needs assessment on the current Botswana Nutrition surveillance system 30,000 30,000 30,000

CPF Priority Area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems

Outcome 3.: Improved capacities of government institutions and stakeholders at local, district and national levels to provide public services related to plant and animal health and food safety. 1,638,865 500,000 500,000 1,138,865 1,138,865

Output 3.1. Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for the implementation of SPS measures in accordance with international standards and country needs 670,000 500,000 500,000 170,000 170,000

Ongoing project: Strengthening controls of food safety, plant and animal pests and diseases for agricultural productivity and trade in Southern Africa. (GCP/SFS/001/MUL)] 500,000 500,000 500,000

Project idea: Assessment of the Food Control System of Botswana using the new FAO self-Assessment Tool 80,000 80,000 80,000

Project Idea: Development of Foodsafety authority - legal and institutional framework 30,000 30,000 30,000

Project idea: Needs assessment and Training in testing for Veterinary drug residues at the Vet Laboratory 20,000 20,000 20,000

Project idea: Training of inspectors in enforcement of quality standards in horticultural crops and developing a policy framework 30,000 30,000 30,000

Project idea: Training of senior management in CODEX Alimentarius 10,000 10,000 10,000

34

Output 3.2. Strengthened institutional capacities and systems for animal disease monitoring and response (early detection, warning and response) against priority animal diseases 200,000 200,000 200,000

Project idea: Strengthing animal health capacities 200,000 200,000 200,000

Output 3.3 Improved technical capacities for the development and conduct of the crop pest and diseases inventory in support of implementation of phyto-sanitary measures 250,300 250,300 250,300

Project idea: Development of Crop Pests and Diseases Inventory in Support of the Implementation of Phytosanitary Measures in Botswana 250,300 250,300 250,300

Output 3.4 Improved regulatory capacities and compliance of meat (beef) inspection services and value chain stakeholders 300,000 0 0 0 300,000 300,000

Project idea: Enhance beef market access through improved regulatory capacities and compliance 300,000 300,000 300,000

Output 3.5. Improved information and communication system on the recurrent agricultural import and export regulations.

218,565 0 0 0 218,565 218,565

Project idea: Design of Botswana agricultural border communication system 218,565 218,565 218,565

35

Annex 3: Review of major policies, programmes, laws and policies in FAO mandated areas Botswana

There are two main documents that guide all developmental efforts in Botswana. These are the Vision 2016 and the National Development Plan 10 (NDP 10). The Vision Document forms the basis for policies and strategies to be implemented during the National Development Plan 10. NDP 10 describes the agricultural sector as based on traditional communal system with limited commercial activities for both crops and livestock. The overall assessment highlights the sector as characterised by low and declining productivity resulting from recurrent droughts, poor management practices, low technology adoption and use, pests and diseases of both crops and livestock; and inadequate business skills.

’s Agricultural Policies and Strategies

In view of the above, current agricultural policy objectives address food security; diversification of production base; increased output and productivity; creating employment opportunities within the agricultural sector; provision of a secure and productive environment and conservation of scares agricultural and land resources. Hence, strategies for agricultural development in Botswana are:

i. Support to household food security and Small-, Micro- and Medium-size enterprises: - the strategy aims at enhanced production levels and sustenance of livelihoods of, especially, small farmers in rural areas The strategy focuses on the provision subsidised services, inputs, skills development and promotion of clustering through service centres to be distributed strategically throughout the country.

ii. Commercialisation of Agriculture based on competitive advantage: - this strategy seeks to promote commercialisation of agriculture in areas of competitive advantage and recognises the potential key role that could be played by private investment in increasing agricultural production. Attention is also focused on the potential for irrigated production in areas bordering new dams.

iii. Pest and diseases management in both crops and livestock production systems: - with respect

to crops, this strategy will seek to improve the response to the outbreak of pests, such as the quelea bird, rodents and locusts largely responsible for substantial crop yield losses, and to ensure environmentally friendly methods are used. For livestock, the aim is to put in place measures that ensure that major diseases and pests are kept at manageable levels to prevent loss of produce and ensure continued access to international markets. This will be attained through the establishment of buffer zones along FMD high risk areas, as well as effective management and monitoring tools for disease control.

iv. Institutional Capacity Building in Agriculture and related sectors: - because of the weak

extension delivery system, this strategy focuses on building institutional capacity. This will include skills development and technology transfer, and strengthening farmer associations to enable them to lobby for policy to ensure that technology development is demand driven. Other initiatives will include decentralization of key services and manpower to the farming communities to ensure that there is readily available support. Efforts will also be made to focus on skill development for agricultural professionals according to the market demand.

v. Conservation of land and agricultural resources: - As sustainability of agricultural resources, such

as soil, range, genetic resources, water, etc., depends on their good management and conservation, the aim is to sensitize and empower farming communities to manage these resources efficiently and to undertake the rehabilitation of degraded areas. The strategy will seek to indentify science based understanding of indigenous knowledge associated with the use of local genetic resources, and to harness the benefits of intellectual property and associated rights according to international agreements.

Current Government Programmes Relevant to FAO Mandate

36

The government of Botswana is currently implementing the following programmes is support of the strategies identified in the National Development Plan 10:

1. Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD): - ISPAAD is one

of the main Agricultural Support Schemes introduced in 2008 to address challenges in the arable sub-sector, of poor technology application by farmer and low productivity of the sub-sector. The primary objectives of ISPAAD are: to increase grain production, promote food security at household and national levels; Commercialize agriculture through mechanisation; facilitate access to farm inputs and credit; and improve extension outreach.

2. Livestock Management and Infrastructure Development (LIMID) Programme: - LIMID is one of the main agricultural support programmes and is comprises animal husbandry and fodder support, water development, cooperative poultry abattoirs for small-scale poultry producers, small stock, guinea fowl and Tswana chickens. This support programme is available to Botswana citizens only. The objectives of the programme are: to promote food security through improved productivity of livestock (cattle and small stock); improve livestock management; improve range resource utilization and conservation; eradicate destitution by providing resources to the poor; and provide infrastructure for safe and hygienic processing of poultry products.

3. Seed Multiplication, Certification and Distribution: - the government has limited certification to

seed of officially recognized varieties, so grown and inspected as to protect the varietal identity and genetic purity. The services are provided by the Department of Agricultural Research’s Seed Multiplication Unit which is an official seed Certifying agency under Botswana laws and also includes seed certification and seed distribution. Field Inspections and seed sampling is for contracted seed growers which are selected through tendering procedures.

4. Provision of Training for Small Stock Production: - the government has tasked the Small stock Section of the Ministry of Agriculture to provide technical advice to the farming community on all aspects of sheep and goat production, development and management. This is done through breed improvement, farmer education and improvement in small stock infrastructure to enable farmers to sell their produce to improve their standards of living. The Section acts as a link between research and the farming community. In addition, it liaises with the Department of Agricultural Research on topics to be researched on and disseminates research results on small stock production.

5. Livestock Vaccination Campaigns: - the government, through the Department of veterinary Services offers free Vaccinations to the farming Community of Diseases which are of either economic significance to peoples livelihoods or those that maybe of zoonotic importance (Communicable to man from Animals).The vaccinations are coordinated by the Directors Office, Field Extension Services Division. Their scheduling is done at Veterinary District level.

• Zambezi Agro-Commercial Integrated Development Project, whose objective is to develop agricultural production on a large commercial scale in Northern Botswana. Progress on this project has been delayed pending finalisation of an agreement to extract water from the Zambezi.

• Botswana Contributory Agricultural Insurance Scheme: - to facilitate access to agricultural finance and minimize the risks caused by climatic variability and natural disasters, Government is has introduced a Botswana Contributory Agricultural Insurance Scheme.

• Rural Infrastructure Development: - to further expand agriculture, Government is intensifying rural infrastructure development, namely roads, electricity, water, and telecommunications. Options for livestock water development, to assist small herd owners in communal areas throughout the country where water resources are scarce, are being undertaken. Work in this respect is already ongoing in the Kgalagadi and Ghanzi Districts.

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Annex 4: Review of the history of FAO presence in the country Project Symbol Project Title Actual EOD Actual NTE

NATIONAL TCP PROJECTS

TCP/BOT/6801 Emergency Assistance to Re-Establish Freedom From Foot-And-Mouth Disease

1978-02-01 1978-06-30

TCP/BOT/8902 Establishment of a Soil Mapping and Advisory Services

1979-12-01 1980-01-01

TCP/BOT/0001 Assistance to Crocodile Management in Rural Areas 1981-02-13 1981-04-10

TCP/BOT/2201 Assistance to Molapo Development Project 1982-08-20 1983-08-19

TCP/BOT/2303 Bridging Assistance to the Molapo Development Project

1983-09-01 1983-12-01

TCP/BOT/2304 Emergency Assistance to Drought-Stricken Areas 1983-12-01 1984-11-01

TCP/BOT/2302 Food Management and Nutrition Planning 1984-02-01 1985-01-01 TCP/BOT/4501 Strengthening Food Management and Nutrition

Planning 1985-02-01 1986-11-30

TCP/BOT/4502 Emergency Assistance in Seeds Supply ** Arpa No.1 **

1985-07-01 1986-06-01

TCP/BOT/4504 Computerized Hunting Licensing Control System 1985-11-01 1986-10-01 TCP/BOT/4503 Vaccination Against Botulism ** Arpa No.4 ** 1986-02-01 1987-02-01 TCP/BOT/6651 Emergency Assistance in Locustand Quelea Control

Control 1986-06-01 1987-05-01

TCP/BOT/6752 Computerized Hunting Licensing Control System –PhaseII

1987-03-01 1987-12-01

TCP/BOT/6653 Survey of Land Potential for Irrigated Agriculture by Satellite Remote Sensing Technique

1987-06-01 1988-05-01

TCP/BOT/8851 Assistance in Brown Locust and Quelea Control 1988-07-01 1988-09-30 TCP/BOT/6754 Assistance in Brown Locust and Quelea Control

(Phase II) 1987-07-01 1988-06-30

TCP/BOT/9052 Programming and Project Formulation Mission 1990-08-01 1991-06-30 TCP/BOT/9051 Assistance in Irrigation Development 1990-09-01 1991-05-31

TCP/BOT/0053 Land Resources Assessment for Agricultural Land Use Planning

1991-01-01 1992-04-30

TCP/BOT/0154 Training in Food and Agricultural Policy Planning 1991-04-01 1992-03-31 TCP/BOT/9155 Bridging Assistance in Water Development 1991-06-16 1991-12-31

TCP/BOT/2251 Assistance to Agricultural Census 1993-01-01 1995-01-01 TCP/BOT/2352 Assistance in Strengthening Food Control

Infrastructure 1993-03-01 1995-03-01

TCP/BOT/4451 Preparatory Assistance in Irrigation Development 1994-11-01 1996-07-01

TCP/BOT/4552 Surveillance for the Control of CBPP 1995-07-01 1997-04-01 TCP/BOT/6611 Formulation of an Agricultural Research Master-

plan 1997-02-01 1998-03-01

TCP/BOT/6712 Surveillance for the Control of CBPP (Phase II TCP/BOT/4552)

1997-10-01 1999-01-01

TCP/BOT/0066 Training in Statistical Data Processing 2000-11-01 2002-07-31

TCP/BOT/0065 National Irrigation Policy and Strategy 2002-02-01 2003-12-31

TCP/BOT/2801 Foot and Mouth Disease Surveillance 2002-06-01 2003-12-31

TCP/BOT/2902 Assistance in the Preparation of a Medium-term Investment Programme and Formulation of Bankable Projects in Support to the CAADP Implementation

2003-12-01 2005-11-30

38

TCP/BOT/2901 Foot and mouth disease surveillance (recoded from TCP/BOT/2801)

2004-01-01 2004-05-31

TCP/BOT/3001 National Irrigation Policy and Strategy - Phase II of TCP/BOT/0065

2004-11-01 2006-10-31

TCP/BOT/3003 Capacity building in farm business management for farmers and extension officers in Botswana

2004-07-01 2006-06-30

TCP/BOT/3004 Foot and mouth disease surveillance - Phase II of TCP/BOT/2901

2004-09-01 2005-02-28

TCP/BOT/3002 Assistance in design of agricultural sector monitoring and evaluation system and capacity building

2005-01-24 2007-01-23

TCP/BOT/3006 Formulation of plant protection legislation (fast-track project)

2005-10-01 2005-12-31

TCP/BOT/3101 Strengthening food safety in Botswana 2006-06-15 2009-03-31 TCP/BOT/3102 Support to the Formulation of the National

Programme for Food Security (NPFS) 2006-08-20 2007-12-31

TCP/BOT/3103 Fire Management: reducing the extreme wildfire threat in the winter fire season of 2006.

2006-07-01 2007-05-31

TCP/BOT/3104 TCP Facility 2007-05-14 2008-12-31 TCP/BOT/3201 TCP Facility 2009-06-01 2011-05-31 TCP/BOT/3201 BABY01 Privatization of seed production 2009-06-01 2010-12-31 TCP/BOT/3201 BABY02 Strategic Plan for the Department of Agricultural

Business Promotion 2009-06-01 2010-12-31

TCP/BOT/3201 BABY03 Assessment of the needs of the fisheries sector 2009-06-01 2010-12-31 TCP/BOT/3201 BABY04 Assessment of the Livestock Identification and

Traceability System 2009-06-01 2010-12-31

TCP/BOT/3201 BABY05 Study on Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade 2009-06-01 2011-05-31 TCP/BOT/3301 TCP Facility 2011-02-01 2012-12-31 TCP/BOT/3301 BABY01 Botswana Agrifood Value Chain Project - Phase I:

Beef Value Chain Study. 2011-02-01 2012-12-31

TCP/BOT/3401 TCP Facility 2012-10-02 2013-12-31 TCP/BOT/3401 BABY01 Support to the Formulation of FAO Country

Programming Framework for Botswana 2013-2015 2012-10-11 2013-12-31

TCP/BOT/3402 Management of Asian Fruit Fly (Bactrocera Invadens) in Botswana

2014-01-21 2015-12-31

TCP/BOT/3501 TCP Facility 2014-02-04 2014-12-31 TCP/BOT/3501 BABY01 Investigating the status, scale and main drivers of

illegal hunting and bush-meat trade in Northern Botswana and assessment of impact on long term food security and livelihoods options

2014-02-04 2014-12-31

REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL TCP PROJECTS

TCP/RAF/4453 Regional Training in Meat Inspection 1995-01-01 1996-09-01

TCP/RAF/4566 Training in Pest Diagnosis and Pest Risk Analysis 1995-11-01 1997-05-01 TCP/RAF/4563 Improvement of Database Systems for SADC Food

Security Information 1996-01-01 1997-07-01

TCP/RAF/5612 Uruguay Round Agreement: Implications for Agriculture in the SADC Region

1996-09-01 1997-10-01

TCP/RAF/6613 Regional Training in Meat Processing 1997-10-01 1999-10-01 TCP/RAF/7826 Preliminary Assistance for Date Industry

Development in Eastern and Southern Africa 1998-12-01 1999-10-01

TCP/RAF/8932 Promotion of Transboundary Disease Early Warning Systems in the SADC Region

2000-02-01 2001-02-01

TCP/RAF/2802 Promotion of Transboundary Disease Early Warning Systems in the SADC Region - Phase II of TCP/RAF/8932

2002-05-01 2002-11-30

TCP/RAF/2803 Formulation of a Regional Programme for Food Security

2002-02-08 2002-08-31

39

TCP/RAF/2806 Establishment of a Sub-regional Irrigation Training Programme

2002-07-01 2003-12-31

TCP/RAF/2809 Control of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Other Transboundary Animal Diseases in Southern Africa

2002-06-05 2003-12-31

TCP/RAF/2906 Establishment of a Sub-regional Irrigation Training Programme (Recoded from TCP/RAF/2806 and thereafter from TCP/RAF/2906)

2004-01-01 2004-06-30

TCP/RAF/2906 Establishment of a Sub-regional Irrigation Training Programme (Recoded from TCP/RAF/2806)

2004-01-01 2004-06-30

TCP/RAF/2917 Advisory Support to the NEPAD Secretariat 2003-10-01 2005-09-30 TCP/RAF/2920 Strengthening the SADC Seed Security Network

(SSSN) 2003-09-01 2004-12-31

TCP/RAF/2924 Incorporating Forestry, Fisheries and Livestock Sectors in the NEPAD - Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)

2003-12-01 2005-11-30

TCP/RAF/3006 Strengthening disease control through improved Transboundary Animal Disease Information Management System (TADinfo)

2004-05-01 2006-04-30

TCP/RAF/3007 Assistance for the Establishment of the African Common Market for Basic Food Products

2004-03-01 2005-08-31

TCP/RAF/3011 Response to priority areas of AU Maputo Summit Declaration: irrigation training

2005-09-01 2006-09-30

TCP/RAF/3013 Regional and subregional capacity building for the exchange of official phytosanitary information under the New Revised Text of the IPPC

2005-08-01 2007-01-31

TCP/RAF/3015 Support to SADC Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Directorate

2005-07-01 2007-06-30

TCP/RAF/3017 Emergency assistance for early detection and prevention of avian influenza in eastern and southern Africa

2005-11-01 2007-06-30

TCP/RAF/3104 Assistance for the establishment of the African Common Market for basic food products - Phase II of TCP/RAF/3007

2006-02-01 2008-04-30

TCP/RAF/3105 Support to the implementation of major African Union policy and strategic initiatives on fisheries

2006-07-01 2007-06-30

TCP/RAF/3106 Strengthening disease control through improved Transboundary Animal Disease Information Management System (TADinfo) - Phase II of TCP/RAF/3006)

2006-06-01 2008-07-31

TCP/RAF/3107 Assistance for the implementation of the integrated plan of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the Sirte Declaration

2006-05-01 2007-12-31

TCP/RAF/3108 Assistance to the formulation and initiation of the African Seed and Biotechnology Programme and Action Plan for its implementation

2007-08-01 2009-12-31

TCP/RAF/3111 Emergency assistance to combat Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in the Chobe/Zambezi

2007-10-12 2009-12-31

TCP/RAF/3305 Support to Formulation of the SADC regional agricultural policy (RAP)

2010-10-15 2012-10-15

TCP/SFS/3404 Management of the Asian Fruit Fly, Bactrocerainvadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

2013-12-01 2015-12-31

UTFs and OTHER TRUST FUNDS PROJECTS

UTF /BOT/008/BOT /K Arable Land Development Project (Aldep) 1983-01-01 2007-12-31

40

GCPA/BOT/805/NET Botswana - Apo - Mr. R.Bekker Assigned to Project Bot/85/011

1988-01-01 1991-07-01

GCPS/BOT/009/DEN National Sadcc Early Warning System for Food Security

1988-01-01 1993-04-01

UNO /BOT/003/CDF Construction of Small Dams and Wells 1988-01-01 1998-10-31 BOT/86/011/ /06/12 Grain Reserve 1987-01-01 1995-10-31 BOT/85/011/ /01/12 Soil Mapping (Phase III) 1988-01-01 1993-10-01

BOT/86/010/ /01/12 Water Conservation and Irrigation Development 1988-01-01 1998-04-30

BOT/88/004/ /01/12 Plant Protection 1988-01-01 1993-10-01 GCPA/BOT/804/SWE Botswana - APO - Ms. E.Widing Assigned to

BOT/86/010 1988-12-29 1991-06-29

UNO /BOT/002/UNE Pasture and Fodder Crops Seed Production 1989-12-01 1991-01-01 ECLO/BOT/003/EEC Emergency Assistace for Brown Locust Control 1991-01-01 1991-05-01

BOT/86/011/ /01/12 Management of Strategic Grain Reserve 1991-12-01 1994-12-01 BOT/91/001/ /01/12 Land Use Planning 1992-01-01 1996-12-31 BOT/94/001/ /01/99 Sustainable Agricultural Development 1995-10-01 1998-03-31 BOT/94/001/ /09/12 Sustainable Agricultural Development (TSS2) 1995-10-01 1996-09-30 UTF /BOT/010/BOT TA in Irrigation Development, Botswana 1996-06-14 2008-12-31 GCP /RAF/357/AUS Establishment of SADC Seed Security Network

(Bridging Assistance) 1999-01-01 2002-12-31

MTF /RAF/386/CFC Commercialization of Hides and Skins by Improving Quality in Smallholder Farming Systems in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe

2003-05-31 2007-03-31

OSRO/GLO/504/MUL BABY01

Emergency assistance for the control and prevention of avian influenza

2005-12-01 2007-04-30

OSRO/GLO/504/MUL BABY04

Emergency assistance for the control and prevention of avian influenza

2006-01-01 2007-04-30

OSRO/GLO/601/SWE BABY02

Emergency assistance for the control and prevention of avian influenza - AI activities in Africa South of Sahara

2006-04-28 2009-12-31

OSRO/GLO/702/CAN Contribution of the Government of Canada to FAO?s Global Programme for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Control and Eradication in Support of Africa and other Regions

2007-03-14 2011-03-31

UNTS/RAF/010/GEF Environmental Protection and Sustainable Management of the Okavango River Basin

2007-10-31 2010-10-31

OSRO/RAF/603/USA Regional Meeting for Southern Africa Avian Influenza Preparations

2006-02-24 2009-03-30

GCP /GLO/184/EC Qualification, understanding and prediction of carbon cycle and other GHG gases, in sub-Sahara Africa - CARBOAFRICA

2007-06-20 2010-11-30

OSRO/RAF/720/AFB Strengthening institutions for risk management of TADs in the SADC region.

2008-09-26 2013-12-31

GCP /BOT/011/GFF Demonstration project for decontamination of POPs contaminated soils using non-thermal treatment methods (FSP)

2012-02-01 2016-01-31

OSRO/RAF/307/COM FAO Technical Support to the COMESA-EAC-SADC Programme on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Eastern and Southern Africa Region

2013-09-01 2015-08-31

GCP /RAF/451/GFF Prevention and Disposal of Obsolete Pesticides in Southern Africa (MSP)

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Annex 5: Indicative TCP pipeline

Country Botswana

CPF implementation cycle Start: Year2014 End: Year2016

Time frame for the Indicative TCP pipeline Start: Year2014 End: Year2016

Ref. to CPF priority outcome/or output TCP contribution to CPF result - Title and Scope/type of interventions (TCP and TCP facility)

Indicative biennium for resource allocation

Indicative resource requirements/ range (US$)

CPF Priority Area 2: Support for the development and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies for sustainable increase of agricultural production and food security Output 2.1. Improved capacity of the key government stakeholders in the preparation of the targeted, gender responsive sector policies to respond to current and future sector needs

Review of irrigation policy (TCPf)

2014/2015 10,000

Preparation of Plant protection policy (TCPf)

2016/2017 20,000

Output 2.2. Legislative framework for the for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources developed

Preparation of the legal framework for the protection of Botswana animal and plant genetic resources (TCPf)

2016/2017 20,000

Output 2.3. Policy options and regulatory and control measures identified and tested to address main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade and its longer tem implications on the food safety and livelihoods

Identification of policy options and regulatory and control measures to address main drivers of illegal hunting and bush-meat trade and its longer tem implications on the food safety and livelihoods (TCP)

2016/2017 300,000

Output 2.4. Improved capacities of the government to monitor and analyse the status of nutrition in the country for improved decision making

Preparation and conduct of National Nutrition survey (TCP)

2016/2017 300,000

Needs assessment on the current Botswana Nutrition surveillance system (TCPf)

2014/2015 30,000

CPF Priority Area 3: Support for the promotion of more inclusive, efficient and trade oriented livestock, crop and food systems

Output 3.1. Strengthened institutional and technical capacities for the implementation of SPS measures in accordance with international standards and country needs

Strengthing food safety in Botswana (TCP)

2014/2015 170,000

Output 3.2. Strengthened institutional capacities and systems for animal disease monitoring and response (early detection, warning and response) against priority animal diseases

Strengthing animal health capacities in Botswana (TCP)

2014/2015 200,000

Output 3.3. Improved technical capacities for the development and conduct of the crop pest and diseases inventory in support of implementation of phyto-sanitary measures

Development of Crop Pests and Diseases Inventory in Support of the Implementation of Phytosanitary Measures in Botswana (TCP)

2014/2015 250,300

Output 3.4. Improved regulatory capacities and compliance of meat (beef) inspection services and value chain stakeholders

Enhance beef market access through improved regulatory capacities and compliance (TCP)

2016/2017 300,000

Output 3.5. Improved information and communication system on the recurrent agricultural import and export regulations.

Design of Botswana agricultural border communication system (TCP)

2014/2015 218,565