School of Life SciencesComplementary Medicine SchemeBSc (Hons) Herbal Medicine

Botany and Botanical Medicine (FCMP401) Module Handbook 2011/12

SEMESTER 1 & 2 (Tuesday 1400-1700hrs)Module Leader: Niki Lawrence

University of Westminster

CONTENTSModule Timetable semester 1 Module timetable semester 2 Summary of assessments Teaching Team Introduction Make your voice heard Module Aims Learning outcomes Syllabus Learning & Teaching Activities Work in the laboratory Pre-reading and learning strategies your role Formation of study groups Field Trips Academic Support and Feedback Assessments Formative Summative Test Report Portfolio1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 12 13 14 18

Refer/Defer assessments & referencing Reading Lists & Resources Important general information

MODULE TIMETABLELecturers: NL (Niki Lawrence); CH (Christopher Hedley); JG = Julia Green;

CHob (Carol Hobday); GW (Guy Waddell); PS (PhD student TBC)TUESDAY AFTERNOONS 14.00 17.00 ROOM N1.111

Semester oneDate 27 Sep 2011 Teaching week1 Introduction to module CH & NL

TopicIntroduction to botany & plant structures NL

04 Oct 2011 11 Oct 2011 18 Oct 2011 25 Oct 2011 01 Nov 2011 08 Nov 2011

2 3 4 5CLG.11 for start of session

Plant identification NL Introduction to materia medica JG Organic cultivation NL

Lamiaceae identification NL Solanaceae (ID & materia medica) JG Asteraceae identification NL

Lab 6th Floor: Pharmacy training (infusions, decoctions, syrups & plant polysaccharides) CH, GW Lamiaceae/Asteraceae (materia medica) Report & Phytomedicine test review CH Guided Independent Study (notanattendancesession) Lab 6th Floor: Boraginaceae (ID & materia medica) & Pharmacy training (tinctures, fluid extracts & aromatic waters) CH, GW Lab 6th Floor: Liliaceae (ID & mat med) & Pharmacy training(ointments, oils, pessaries & chemistry of fixed oils & resins) CH, GW

6 7 8CLG.11 for start of session

15 Nov 2011

9 22 Nov 2011 29 Nov 2011CLG.11 for start of session

10 11C2.14 for start of session

Phytomedicines test (1 hour) JG

Fabiaceae (ID & materia medica) JG

06 Dec 2011

Lab 6th Floor: Pharmacy training (creams & misc.) C2.14 Pharmacognosy quiz CH, GW Report (hand in 12th December) Guided Independent Study (notanattendancesession)

13 Dec 2011

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Lecturers: NL (Niki Lawrence); CH (Christopher Hedley); JG = Julia Green;

CHob (Carol Hobday); GW (Guy Waddell); PS (PhD student TBC)TUESDAY AFTERNOONS 14.00 17.00 ROOM N1.111

Semester twoDate17 Jan 2012

Teaching week13

Topic Plant genetics CHob Hybridisation CHob Lab 6th Floor Microscopic examination of plant anatomy NL, DS Rosaceae (ID & materia medica) NL Apiaceae (ID & materia medica) NL Ranunculaceae (ID & materia medica) NL Tutorial NL

24 Jan 2012 31 Jan 2012 07 Feb 2012 14 Feb 2012 21 Feb 2012 28 Feb 2012

14CLG.11 for start of session

Plant anatomy & physiology NL Photosynthesis NL Plant conservation NL Herbarium practical NL Seed germination practical NL

15 16 17 18 19 20CLG.11 for start of session

06 Mar 2012 13 Mar 2012 20 Mar 2012 27 Mar 2012 03 Apr 2012

Brassicaceae (ID & materia medica) NL Guided Independent Study (InterestingresearchwillbeputonBlackboardandyouneedto readitsothatyoucantakepartinthedebateonthe13thMarch) Lab 6th Floor Plant sexual reproduction NL Microscopic examination of leaf & flowers NL, DS Plant growth/hormones NL Formative test & feedback NL Consolidation NL Debate NL Tutorial NL

21 22 23 24

Scrophulariaceae (ID & materia medica) NL Group quiz NL

Guided Independent Study (Multichoicequestions[plusanswers]andpasttestpaperswill beonBBforyouusetoprepareforthebotanytest) FIELD TRIPS IN SUMMER OF 2012

DATES STILL TO BE CONFIRMED 29th May Kew Botanic Gardens 12th June Chelsea Physic Garden 19th & 20th June (confirmed) Hadlow College Mid June Granary Herbs

NL, JW NL, JW NL NL

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SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENTS Test 30% Phytomedicines test 15% Botany test 15% 29th November 2011 1st May 2012

Report 30% Monograph & Pharmacognosy 12th December 2011 (Hard copy of written material & herbal product to campus office by 10 am) Portfolio 40% Herbarium & Plant growing 26th June 2012 (Single folder [containing both sections] to campus office by 10 am) The last day you can submit work is by 10 am on a Monday as indicated above. Use your time management skills to organise your course work and its submission. You will be given sufficient time to complete the task and so dont leave it until the last minute. You can submit course work at any time up to the deadline, so if you dont need to come in on Monday morning for any other reason, it makes sense to deliver it in the previous week. The clock outside the School Registry is automatically kept to the right time and so access to the box will be closed when it says 10.00 am. TEACHING TEAM Niki Lawrence (Module Leader): has private herbal practices in South-West London and works as a practitioner supervisor in the Polyclinic. A University of Westminster graduate, she previously practiced as a nurse in Cape Town and helped manage a farm in the Small Karoo, in the Cape district of South Africa. She is also module leader for Botany and Botanical Medicine and has a particular interest in organic cultivation and taxonomy. Email: lawrenn@wmin.ac.uk , Work phone 020 7911 5000 ex 64591 (Please note that emails are the preferred form of communication) Mobile: 07813706980 (for use on field trips but please do not ring after office hours, although you may send a text) Christopher Hedley has worked for many years as a practitioner, running his own practice in North London. He has run many courses teaching herbal medicine, with a special interest in pharmacognosy and preparation, as well as conducting field trips for plant identification and medicinal usage. Email: nonandchris@waitrose.com Dr Julia Green has a degree in botany, PhD in plant physiology and over 20 years experience as a practitioner of western herbal medicine. She coordinated a clinical trial investigating herbal treatment of the menopause, and her research interests include the patient experience and developing research strategies in complementary health. She has been teaching in higher education since 2005.

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Email: J.Green3@westminster.ac.uk Dr Julie Whitehouse is a principal lecturer in Herbal Medicine and course leader of the MSci/ BSc honours Herbal Medicine and MSc Herbal medicine degrees. She is also a practising medical herbalist. She has a PhD in Molecular Genetics, and has previously lectured in Genetics and Biological Sciences. Her research interests include clinical studies into effects and uses of herbs with bitter action and herbs for relief of stress and anxiety. Email: whitehj@wmin.ac.uk Carol Hobday is a herbal medicine graduate from the University of Westminster who has a private practice in North London. She is a teaching demonstrator for Herbal Medicine Practice II, teaches on the Pharmacology module and in the Foundation Certificate. Together with Niki Lawrence she runs the Introduction to Herbal Medicine course for Neals Yard Remedies. Carols background includes higher education Botany studies in New Zealand and teaching science at secondary school.Email: carolhobday@hotmail.com Introduction This module provides an introduction to medicinal plants and their actions and therapeutic uses with instruction in preparation of herbal medicines and quality assessment. Study of plant sciences is included with a focus on important medicinal plant families. There are opportunities to visit living plant collections and natural habitats and there is instruction in medicinal plant horticulture. All students on the Herbal Medicine BSc course are required to take this module. There are no special pre-requisites or co-requisites for the module. A pass in a module is achieved when the overall mark is greater than or equal to 40%; with at least 30% as a qualifying mark for all assessments. MAKE YOUR VOICE HEARD The teaching team are very interested to hear your views, as previous students feedback has greatly influenced the content of this module. An example of this is the trip to Hadlow College for hands-on horticulture practice as this was included in the course in response to students feedback requesting more practical contact with growing plants and cultivation. At the end of the module you will be sent an electronic feedback form to complete. Please fill this in as your comments will be greatly valued and used to further improve this module. Module Aims The modules aims to introduce you to herbal medicine materia medica with the study of selected medicinal plants and their constituents, pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses. Practical sessions provide training in assessing the quality of fresh and dried plant materials and making herbal medicines. Botanical studies include an introduction to plant anatomy, physiology and taxonomy with examples from important plant families and selected medicinal species. Practical instruction in herbal horticulture is included. Visits to important plant collections and natural habitats aim to develop skills in plant

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identification and an awareness of environmental issues in plant conservation and biodiversity.

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Learning Outcomes 1) Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of medicinal plants, their traditional and modern uses, methods of extraction and medicinal preparations, phytochemical constituents and pharmacology 2) Demonstrate literature searching skills using a wide variety of sources and the ability to select and analyse appropriate information in the presentation of medicinal plant profiles 3) Describe methods of preparation of herbal medicines and discuss factors of toxicity, safety issues and quality controls 4) Identify the main anatomical features of plant families and selected species and use taxonomic methods to identify fresh and dried plant specimens 5) Demonstrate competence in preparing herbarium specimens, recording taxonomic detail; to be presented in an organised portfolio 6) Describe important features of the physiology of plants with respect to photosynthesis, respiration, transport, growth and reproduction 7) Summarise the principles of plant genetics and plant breeding 8) Describe the horticultural conditions and methods suitable for growing and propagating herbs and methods of sustainable wild harvesting Syllabus Study of a selected range of commonly used medicinal plant species; basic phytochemistry, pharmacological actions, botanical descriptions and therapeutic actions Medicinal applications based on historical uses and traditional practice and current uses updated by scientific research and clinical evidence Anatomy: cells, tissues and systems in vascular plants Physiology: nutrition, transport, gaseous exchange, support and protection Plant growth and development, reproduction, principles of propagation Principles of plant genetics, hybridisation and biotechnology Pharmacognosy: authentication of crude plant material, microscopic, macroscopic examination and organoleptic testing Quality assessment, good agricultural practice (GAP), good manufacturing practice (GMP) Methods of extraction and preparation of herbal medicines Plant horticulture, harvesting, wildcrafting, sustainable harvesting and conservation. Plant diversity and classification systems, identification and use of a flora Recording plant taxonomic features, preparation of herbarium samples Visits to plant collections, natural habitats, herbal growers and manufacturers

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Learning and Teaching Activities The programme is presented as lectures, practicals and field trips. You will learn to use a hand lens and dissecting and compound microscopes. For each lecture there will be handouts for you on blackboard. Please print your handouts back-to-back to save on paper. Required purchases It is essential that you purchase a hand lens. It is recommended that you obtain one that has a magnification of x 10. Lenses are available from photographic shops and via the internet. A recommended one is the metal Hilkinson Ruper magnifier with one fold-away lens (15 or 21 mm lens size). Cheaper plastic versions are available but they break very easily and as it is a piece of equipment that you will need in the future, after you have qualified, you should, therefore, buy a good one now. Attach a piece of string or ribbon to your hand lens so that it can be hung round your neck a sure sign of a botanist! A wild flower flora is also essential for practical work, both in class and for field trips see essential book list. Please bring hand lens and flora to every lecture and field trip! Work in the Laboratory Whenever you attend a laboratory session you will need to wear a white coat (this will be provided for you). You will be required to leave your belongings in the lockers provided outside the laboratory. For this you will need to bring a 1 coin to use the locker (coin is returnable). Note that in the laboratory: Only relevant handouts/writing materials maybe taken in with you No food or drink may be taken in with you Always wash your hands as soon as you leave Pre-reading and learning strategies your role Depending on your previous experience you may find the botanical terms used in the module to be new to you. Like learning a new language you will need to familiarise yourself with these terms. To help you with this you should read appropriate chapters of your key textbooks before each lecture in order to be properly prepared, and to gain the maximum benefit from the lecture. In addition, you are expected to spend several hours each week in private study in order to gain a sound understanding of the concepts and processes covered in the module. Each 15 credit module is intended to require 150 hours of study. Since Botany and Botanical Medicine is a 30 credit module, it is intended to require 300 hours of study during the year. If your prior knowledge of Botany is limited you will need to put in more private study time to fully understand the background information. Handouts will be provided for most lectures & practical sessions. These will be available via Blackboard. It is your responsibility to avail yourself of this information.

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Formation of study groups It is strongly recommended that you work in pairs or groups for part of your private study time. This can be helpful in two ways: firstly a peer can sometimes be a good person to help you comprehend a topic you may find difficult; secondly one of the best ways of really learning something is to explain it clearly to somebody else. It is also very helpful if you learn to use your plant flora with a friend. This will make learning a shared pleasant experience and your walks will never be the same again as you will soon be able to recognise, name and discuss many of the medicinal plants that grow all around us. Please ensure you attend all sessions on time. Arriving late for a session is discourteous and disruptive to fellow students and the lecturer. If for any reason you know you will have to arrive late or leave early please discuss this with the module leader and tutor of the day. Field trips Attendance is very important! Please note the field trips are not an optional extra! Rather, they are an integral part of this module and students repeatedly indicate that their best learning comes from these visits. They are also a good opportunity to get to know each other better and of course they are very enjoyable. The confirmed dates for these trips will be given to you as soon as possible. Please do not book holidays or events round May and June until you have the confirmed field trip dates. Signing up for a visit but not turning up is not acceptable! If you have a genuine reason for missing any of the visits you will need to discuss it with Niki, the module leader, as soon as possible. Rain on the day is not an excuse for non-attendance! It is recommended, therefore, that you come prepared with an umbrella and layers of clothing as you may become colder than you would expect because you will be standing still or only moving very slowly whilst looking at the plants. A writing book and pencils are required for you to take notes on these trips and if you have a camera, that can also be useful for recording purposes. Your hand lens must always be brought with you. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This trip to Kew will be conducted in the spring when the plants are growing and the weather is hopefully improving. You will be divided into two or three groups (depending on student numbers) which will be each be led by one of the teaching tutors. The morning session will be spent at the plant order beds so that you may learn to identify and compare the main plant families. In the afternoon you will be visiting the Kew Gardens Herbarium where you will be shown around their extensive collection of dried plant specimens (very helpful for your herbarium assessment), as well as being shown some important historical botanical books and herbals in the new library.

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Chelsea Physic Garden. This second trip will allow you to get to know this fascinating herbal garden which is set in the heart of London. Originally founded in 1673, this garden was created to train apprentice apothecaries in the skill of plant identification. Here you will be able to further enhance your own identification skills; learning about the different plant family characteristics and their common constituents with discussion on their medicinal actions. Hadlow College, near Tonbridge. This fascinating and informative two day visit focuses on examining and practising horticultural methods, with walks being conducted around the extensive gardens based on designs developed by the Hadlow students. You can travel there each day (45 minutes from Charing Cross) but most students prefer to use a local B&B for the night. This is a particularly important visit for consolidating learning prior to completion of your portfolio. It is also an invaluable trip for getting to know the other students and this sense of community and cooperation may be a great help for you during the following years of study and afterwards in your future careers. Granary Herbs: This beautiful walled herb garden is run along organic lines and students wishing to grow their herbs for home production when they are qualified will find this visit to a small herb supplier very useful. The owner Christine Brown will explain some of her production methods, and will give a demonstration of tincture making, with the students joining in with harvesting and processing the herbs. A day not to be missed! Academic Support and Feedback An extensive amount of information and research will be placed on Blackboard for you. Please take the time to read this as it will prepare you for your lectures and assessments. A specific tutorial time has been assigned for the 13th March but there will also be regular short formative tests given to you during the lectures and available on Blackboard. We aim to return your assessments (with feedback) three weeks from the hand-in date. Please read this feedback carefully as this will help you with your future assessments. Assessments Formative assessments These are tests that give you the opportunity to assess your learning, provide feedback and help to inform your progress. They are a very important learning tool but will not form part of your formal university transcript. In-class and online formative tests will be provided for you so that you can consolidate your learning during lecture weeks and for the GIS weeks. A formative botany test will be conducted on the 20th March. It will involve you producing a labelled botanical drawing of a fresh plant specimen and answering a few typical botany test questions. It is strongly recommended that you attend this session as this will help prepare you for the summative test and is an excellent opportunity for you to ascertain where you need to

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study further to improve your work for the summative test. If you are not particularly good at drawing please do not worry as we are not expecting you to be botanical artists. Instead we just need to see that you can clearly outline the plants key structures and correctly label them. When you have finished this formative test we will then discuss what would be expected (model answers being provided) and this will be your opportunity to raise any queries you may have.

Summative assessments These are the formal assessments, the results of which will be put on the Student Record System, and will determine your marks on the module. Please note: This year the minimum qualifying mark is 30% for all items of assessment (not just the final assessment).

Test 30%The test will be divided into two sections worth 15% each Pharmacy assessment: short answer test (1 hour) 15% (29th November 2011) This test will check your knowledge/understanding of following: Extraction methods (key herbal constituents and applications) Prescription writing, dispensing methods, labelling and instructions to the patient and patient records. Awareness of pharmacy management, stock records, stock control, quality control of stored products Awareness of legal requirements with the use of herbs, dispensing and health and safety Understanding of the concept of ethical sourcing of herbal materials and conservation issues

Botany assessment: short answer test (1 hour) 15% (1st May 2012) This test will start with you being given a fresh flowering plant specimen which you will need to illustrate and label using clear botanical style drawings. This will be followed by questions on the major subjects covered in the module such as plant physiology and anatomy, development, photosynthesis, organic cultivation etc. The formative test will prepare you for this test.

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Report 30%Consists of two sections (a herbal preparation and a monograph) A hard copy of the written part of this assessment, together with the herbal preparation, must be handed in to the campus office no later than 10.00 on 12th December 2011 Pharmacognosy (Herbal preparation) For this part of the assessment you will need to make and hand in one herbal preparation. You will need to choose a key herb used in this preparation and write a monograph on it see monograph section below for instructions. (Alchemilla vulgaris [Ladys Mantle]: do not use this as your key herb) You need to include a botanical drawing of your chosen herb (any herb may be chosen as your key herb in this report, other than Ladys Mantle). All drawings must be clearly labelled using correct botanical terms. (A botanical drawing should provide a reader with sufficient information to make a positive identification of the plant, without mistaking it for a similar looking or closely related plant). Ideally you should draw the plant yourself from a live sample. PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE ARE NO MARKS FOR ARTISTIC EXCELLENCE and MARKS WILL NOT BE DEDUCTED ON THE GROUNDS OF LACK OF ARTISTIC QUALITY. We feel that it is important for students to actually draw the plant since this is part of the learning process. If there are very good grounds for not being able to obtain a live sample of your chosen herb then note these grounds and you may then copy a drawing by hand from a book or the internet. PLEASE NOTE THAT COPLYING A COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGE E.G. BY USING COPY AND PASTE WILL NOT BE TOLERATED - YOU SHOULD RATHER SUBMIT A HAND DRAWN VERSION. All illustrations that you copied by hand should be properly cited and referenced. Photographs and herbarium pressings of your plant may also be provided if you wish. You then need to discuss this key herb: Tell us why you have chosen that herb - what drew you to it? Where did you obtain the material used to make the preparation? Were there any ethical issues involved? If so how did you deal with them? Tell us how you identified the herb material you used and how you assessed the quality of the material. Tell us how you chose your preparation, including information on the solvent(s) you used. Why did you choose the solvent(s)? What constituents were you hoping to draw out of the herb?

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Give a clear report of the steps you followed (they should be clear enough for a reader to be able to replicate your steps). You may include photographs or drawings if you wish to illustrate the stages. What steps did you take to ensure preservation? Tell us what lessons you have learned from the process

Together with the above information you must submit a sample preparation that has been properly labelled and in an appropriate container. The sample should be made mainly from your chosen herb. You may add other herbs, essential oils etc. BUT give your reasons for choosing these. Labels should be written as if you were going to sell your preparation i.e. a full list of ingredients, storage instructions, preparation date, suggested dosage etc. This label should be printed, not hand drawn. You need to submit only one sample but if your preparation included a number of steps you may include examples of each of those steps if you wish. You will be marked on presentation and accuracy of referencing. Please submit in a padded envelope, so that bottles and jars dont break. We will arrange with the campus office for you to hand in this assessment. Monograph You will also need to provide a medicinal herbal profile (monograph) on the key herb you used in your pharmacognosy assessment, giving information on the following: Pharmacognosy description and occurrence Key constituents Actions Traditional and current uses Extraction and preparations Contraindications or cautions Your writing should be presented in Arial 12 font. Line spaces should be double or 1 (gives space for the marker to add comments). Background understanding and preparation for writing your monograph will be discussed during the Introduction to Materia Medica lecture by Julia Green (11th October) and with Christopher Hedley (1st November). An example monograph on Alchemilla vulgaris (Ladys Mantle) will be posted on Blackboard and this will provide you with an understanding of layout and content. Please note that this particular herb must not be chosen as your key herb.

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Portfolio 40%Please note, even if you have a pass mark of 40% or more in total for this module, you still need a minimum mark of 30% in this final assessment before you will be able to pass the module. The Portfolio consists of two sections: Herbarium 20% & Plant Growing project 20% Herbarium: you need to prepare & mount 10 herbarium specimens of dried medicinal herbs including flowers. Specimens must be correctly identified, labelled and presented. Whilst any relevant plant family may be represented in this herbarium collection, it is recommended that some of the key plant families covered in your lectures be included. Plant-growing project: you need to grow one medicinal herb species from its seed germination stage through to its flowering stage. If your chosen plant has small seeds (many herb seeds are tiny) then it is recommended that you also grow and illustrate a large seed, such as a broad bean, in order to show in detail the germination stages of a typical plant. You do not need to follow the growth stages of this large seeded plant, as you will then focus on the growth of your chosen herb instead. You need to clearly illustrate features of your chosen plant (growing stages and adult flowering stage) in order to demonstrate the distinguishing characteristics of the species and its family. Whilst original live-plant drawings are always preferred, supplementary drawings of specific features may be used, based on illustrations from books, but in such cases these must be clearly referenced. Neat annotations (preferably computer printed) should be included to discuss points such as characteristics of the plants family, habitat and distribution, medicinal uses, historical aspects, methods of pollination etc. Original photographs and herbarium specimens are recommended to support your work. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PORTFOLIO Covering flaps: Herbarium specimens should be protected from damage by using covering flaps made from fine translucent paper. Please note that plastic material should never be used to cover these dried plant specimens as this encourages dampness and decay. Botanical drawings, photographs and written information sheets about your grown plant do not require these covering flaps. All plant species should be correctly identified using the binomial system of classification. It should be noted that at the end of Latin binomial plant names a shortened acronym for the author of the plants name must be included eg: Ranunculus repens L. (Indicates this herb was named by Linnaeus) All herbarium specimens, drawings and additional information should be mounted on only one side of the A3 cartridge papers. These cartridge papers should then

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be presented in a card A3 folder, which in turn should be enclosed in a plastic A3 envelope-type folder. The portfolio should be presented in an organised and professional manner. Whilst an attractive layout is recommended, it should be noted that this is a scientific project, therefore, avoid using ornamental backgrounds or additional decorations that would distract from the clarity of the plant subjects. You should sign all your original drawings and make sure each sheet and the outside of your folder has your name on it. See Blackboard, under assessments section, for detailed instructions for the Herbarium and Plant Growing project. The following will also be helpful: The practical lecture on herbarium preparation and the Kew Gardens Herbarium visit will help you prepare for the Herbarium assessment. A practical session on seed sowing and germination will help you prepare for your plant growing. The visit to Hadlow College will also be helpful for furthering your understanding of cultivation practices.

FOR DETAILS ABOUT THE RULES & REGULATIONS OF ASSESSMENT PLEASE SEE http://www.wmin.ac.uk/page-18746 and http://www.wmin.ac.uk/page-15010 AND YOUR COURSE HANDBOOK. Refer/Defer assessments: as the marks for this module will be presented at the Long Year Subject Board in September the formal date for reassessment would normally occur during the following academic year. If you have been granted MCs or have failed to attain a pass mark in any assessments you will need to consult with the module leader regarding the opportunity to resubmit work prior to September. As the time period is often relatively short it is at the discretion of the module leader/course team whether you have demonstrated sufficient capability to permit an early reassessment. Wherever possible the module leader will endeavour to provide the opportunity for reassessment to enable progression/graduation but this may not always be possible prior to the deadline for mark submission in August. The usual academic regulations regarding the conferment of module marks will apply to all refer/defer work based on the time period in which you are offered the reassessment opportunity. Referencing: an essential element of your academic writing will be to include references to the information, ideas and materials you have used. There are two essential texts that explain how to reference correctly with easy to follow examples. The first is the 2010/11 ISLS Referencing Your Work guide for students. This provides a general overview. The second is the Referencing Rough Guide on Blackboard in the Learning Room. This guide is the one you should use at all times as it contains the preferred system used by the Department. Failure to follow the Departments preferred system may lose you marks.

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READING LISTS Materia medica reading list Barker, J., (2001). The Medicinal Flora of Britain & Northwestern Europe, Winter Press. (Excellent & very readable: for botany, plant identification and medicinal uses) British Pharmacopeia, Stationery Office (1998). (Old copies (before 1945) are more useful to herbalists and can be found in 2nd hand bookshops/ web sites) British Pharmaceutical Code (1994). 12th edn, Pharmaceutical Press. Bissett, N.G.,(ed) Original author Max Wichtl. (1994). Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart. (This is a big, expensive book so borrow it from the library) Fisher, C. (2009) Materia Medica of Western Herbs. Pub: Vitex Medica Trease, G.E., and Evans, W.C., (1996). Pharmacognosy, 14th edn, Harcourt Brace. (Best borrowed from the library as required) Making medicines reading list Willard, T., (1992). Textbook of Advanced Herbology. Wild Rose College of Natural Healing. Hedley, C., & Shaw, N., (2001). Herbal Remedies, Paragon. (Simple & accessible) Heinrich, M., (2001). Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Churchill Livingston. Green, J., (2000). The Herbal Medicine-Makers Handbook. The Crossing Press. (Good but a touch Californian) Priest, A.W., & Priest, L.R., (1983). Herbal Medication C.W. Daniel (Excellent technical introduction to medicine making for practitioners and also includes the best concise summary of physiomedical principles) Yarnell, E., (2003). Phytochemistry and Pharmacy for Practitioners of Botanical Medicine. Healing Mountain Publishing Inc. (A very useful book for extraction potential of key constituents and also useful for your phytochemistry module [NL comments]) You will be provided with Christopher Hedleys MEDICINE MAKING COURSE HANDOUT which is comprehensive and includes all the information you need to make a wide range of the most common herbal preparations in modern day usage.

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Web links for recipes and medicine making Henriette Kress: www.henriettesherbal.com - this site is the best place to start a web search for herbal medicine. It is the second oldest herb site on the web (after Michael Moores) and has links to reliable sources. It contains plant photographs and links to the following: botany sites; pharmacology databases; Mrs Grieves A Modern Herbal; professional organisations providing political information and a searchable copy of Kings Dispensatory which is the best source of technical information for medicine making (eg with detailed info on solvents) despite (or maybe because of) being over 100 years old. Michael Moore: www.swsbm.com - check his Moores Manuals for detailed information on tinctures, fluid extracts and other medicine making processes. It also contains many of his personal recipes, brilliant photographs and information on the botany of North America, as well as some old formularies. Christine Haughton: www.purplesage.org.uk - lots of useful recipes. Howie Brounstein: www.botanicalstudies.net - ethical wild crafting, botanical information and recipes for smoking mixtures etc. Google books: http://books.google.com/ - has many old herbals scanned in and is worth checking from time to time for those obscure works full of helpful tips. Botany reading list Essential texts Stern, K., (2008). Introductory Plant Biology (11th ed.). Pub: Brown Blamey, M., et al (2003). The Wild Flowers of Britain & Ireland. Pub: A & C Black Publishers Limited. or Rose, F., (2006). The Wild Flower Key.(updated edition). Pub: Warne. Recommended Texts Blamey, M., and Grey-Wilson, C., (2003). Cassells Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe. Pub: Cassell. ISBN 030436214x (A brilliant book but too large to carry in the field but good for later detailed identification of plant specimens when brought home for pressing) Bown, D., (1995). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses. Pub: Dorling Kindersley. (Examines numerous plants, giving their herbal uses and an identifying photograph and brief description). Bridson, D., & Forman, L., (1998). The Herbarium Handbook, 3rd ed. Pub: RBG Kew, 1998. (Available in the library)

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Clegg, C.J., & Cox, G., (1978). Anatomy and Activities of Plants. Pub: John Murray. (Currently out of print but available in the library). Flowerdew, B., (1998). Bob Flowerdews Complete Book of Companion Gardening. Pub: Kyle Cathie Limited. Hickey, M., and King, C., (1997). Common Families of Flowering Plants. Pub: Cambridge University Press. (An excellent book for botanical drawings with plant details of some important plant species definitely worth buying) Hickey, M., and King, C., (1997). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Pub: Cambridge University Press. McMillan Browse, P., (1999). Plant Propagation. Pub: Mitchell Beasley. Phillips, R., (1977). Wild Flowers of Britain. Pub: Pan Books (A book that follows the seasons which can be very useful for those new to plant identification) Titchmarsh, A., (2002). How to be a Gardener. Pub: BBC Worldwide Ltd. (Easy to read and useful for the new gardener) Whitten, G., (2004). Herbal Harvest, commercial organic production of quality dried herbs (3rd ed.). Pub: Blooming Books. (Excellent book for the serious herb grower) Electronic sources David Attenborough (1995). The Private Life of Plants DVD. (Enjoyable and beautiful to watch and students have reported it supports understanding and learning) The Wild Flower Society, 82A High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB2 4HJ websight: http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/wfsoc/frameworka.htm , Tel 01223 830665 (This is a registered charity that aims to encourage identification and preservation of Britains wild flowers. They run various flower identification walks that can be very useful for improving your plant identification skills). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) worth checking out if you are planning on using any herbs that may be endangered and on the CITES list: www.cites.org The Natural History Museum Postcode Plants database: www.nhm.ac.uk/science/projects The rain tree tropical plant database includes info on 100 plants: www.rain-tree.com/plants.htm United Plant Savers: www.unitedplantsavers.org

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Journals Medicinal Plant Conservation. ISSN 1430-95X. E-mail: djl@green-world.org This journal is available in the library from 2004 versions. Plantlife. A wild plant charity, which carries out plant species and habitat conservation, owns and manages nature reserves, campaigns, and raises awareness of conservation issues. www.plantlife.org.uk/ Plant Talk Magazine. Published by the National Tropical Botanical Garden. ISBN 1358-4103. Editorial and Subscriptions Office: PO Box 500, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, KT2 5XB. Phone: 020 8974 5127 (If you have not studied biology before then initially reading a good Biology A level textbook may prove helpful)

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IMPORTANT GENERAL INFORMATION Coursework submission Coursework must not be given or posted to members of the teaching staff. Coursework must be handed in at the School Registry Office and clearly marked with your name, the title and number of the module, the title of the piece of work, and the name of the Module Leader. You are strongly advised to make a copy of any coursework before handing it in. Except in very exceptional circumstances, work will not be accepted by post, fax or e-mail. Under University regulations (see Academic Registrars Intranet site), the University operates a two-tier penalty system for late submission of coursework and in-module assessment. This regulation applies to all students registered for an award irrespective of their level of study. In the School of Life Sciences the last day for submitting your work is by 10 am on a specified Monday during the semester (unless otherwise stated in the module handbook). Please note it is good practice to complete and submit your work during the week before the last submission dates. The clock outside the School Registry is automatically kept to the right time and so access to the box will be closed when it reads 10.00 am. If you submit your coursework late but within 24 hours or one working day of the specified last submission date, 10% of the overall marks available for that element of assessment (i.e. 10%) will be deducted, as a penalty for late submission, except for work which obtains a mark in the range 40 49%, in which case the mark will be capped at the pass mark (40%). If you submit your coursework more than 24 hours or more than one working day after the specified deadline you will be given a mark of zero for the work in question. Late work and any claim of Mitigating Circumstances relating to coursework must be submitted at the earliest opportunity to ensure as far as possible that the work can still be marked. You will normally have the right to submit coursework 10 working days after the original deadline. Once the work of other students has been marked and returned, late submissions of that same piece of work cannot be assessed. Staff undertake to return coursework with appropriate comments/feedback and in an acceptable time to help students to appreciate where they may have lost marks and to improve their work in future. Cheating and plagiarism As an academic community, all students and staff at the University of Westminster are expected to demonstrate the highest standards of academic conduct. The Universitys expectation is that all grades obtained by students must result from the students own efforts to learn and develop. If carried out knowingly, cheating and plagiarism have the objectives of deceiving examiners and gaining an unfair advantage over other students. This is

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unethical. It also threatens the integrity of the assessment procedures and the value of the Universitys academic awards. While you are studying here your academic performance will be assessed on the basis of your own work. Anyone caught cheating in exams/in-class tests or through coursework assignments will be subject to formal investigation in accordance with Section 10 of the Universitys Handbook of Academic Regulations. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are not vulnerable to any allegation that you have breached the assessment regulations. Serious penalties are imposed on those who cheat. These may include failure in a module or an element of a module, suspension or exclusion from your course and withdrawal of academic credits awarded previously for modules which have been passed. Typical breaches of assessment regulations are described below. Plagiarism/Academic Integrity When you submit work for individual assessment, the work must be your own. If you have included sections of text from other sources without referencing them correctly, then you may be accused of plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined as submission for assessment of material (written, visual or oral) originally produced by another person or persons, without acknowledgement, in such a way that the work could be assumed to be the students own. Plagiarism may involve the unattributed use of another persons work, including: ideas, opinions, theory, facts, statistics, graphs, models, paintings, performance, computer code, drawings, quotations of another persons actual spoken or written words, or paraphrases of another persons spoken or written words. Plagiarism covers both direct copying and copying or paraphrasing with only minor adjustments. You must keep a careful record of all the sources you use, including all internet material. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand correct referencing practices. If you use text or data or drawings or designs or artefacts without properly acknowledging who produced the material, then you is likely to be accused of plagiarism. Here are some simple dos and donts, to ensure the integrity of your work: Do Include references to all sources at the point where they appear in your text, either via a direct reference or Do not! Rely on citing sources in your bibliography without making clear where they appear in your text

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foot note Always use quotation marks to indicate someone elses ideas

Reference diagrams, tables and other forms of data Include full website references which make clear exactly which page you referenced, e.g. http://www.guardian.co.uk/educatio n/2009/apr/18/university-lifeacademic-cheating

Take parts of other peoples sentences and incorporate them into your own writing without making clear that they are not your own words Assume that plagiarism only refers to written words in prose narrative Simply cite the top-level page and expect your tutors to search for your source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/

Always check with your Module Leader or Course Leader if you are unsure about subject-specific conventions concerning referencing and attribution (e.g. in design-based and creative subjects where there may be particular expectations about referencing and/or copyright). You can access a helpful tutorial about plagiarism in Blackboard. After signing in the tutorial can be accessed from any page in Blackboard by clicking on the Skills Resources tab. Please consult the relevant Module Leader or your Course Leader if you need any further advice. Plagiarism Detection To help eradicate plagiarism and thereby protect the value of your qualification some modules include the requirement that your coursework must be submitted electronically and checked by text-matching software, such as Turnitin or SafeAssign. If requested by your Course or Module Leader, you must submit your coursework in electronic form to the text-matching software system used on your course, so that it can check your work for its originality. Students should seek guidance from their Course or Module Leader or follow the instructions on the Online Learning Website www.wmin.ac.uk/oll. Double-counting Students are also not permitted to re-present any assessment already submitted for one module as if for the first time assessment in another module. Double counting of assessed work is not normally allowed. If submitting work previously included in another assessment the student should attribute the section of text from the earlier work. This may be taken into account by the markers. Working Together Discussing ideas is part of academic life at University and you are allowed to exchange sources and references. However, you must recognise the

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distinction between sharing ideas, and collusion. This means that you must not work with others to the extent of exchanging written materials you have prepared, such as notes or drafts of assignments. If these types of materials are shared this will be regarded as an assessment offence for the person who lends the material as well as for the person who uses it. Your own work must be regarded as your own property and you should protect it. If you are working in a shared space, log off from the PC you are working on whenever you take a break so that others cannot access or copy your work; take care to destroy printed drafts or copies of work, rather than just discarding them; and, dont give your work to others on disk. If you are working on a group assignment make sure you understand the allocation of responsibilities between yourself and the other members of the group. Cheating in exams or in-class tests You must not communicate with other students during an exam or test. You must not take into the exam or test room any materials, notes or aids other than those officially authorised in the examination paper. If an invigilator observes you with any prohibited materials, notes or equipment, or observes you communicating with another student, your actions will be investigated in accordance with Section 10 of the Universitys Handbook of Academic Regulations. Students should also remember that the reproduction of material originally produced by another person, or persons, without acknowledgement, in such a way that the work could be assumed to be the students own is not permitted; this includes work produced in examination conditions. Attendance and punctuality The University is a professional environment and therefore it is expected that all students registered for study with the University will attend regularly as required and participate fully in their course activities and both students and staff are expected to arrive in good time for the start of classes'. The School of Life Sciences further stipulates that: staff will not allow late students into a lecture class if it has already started. Late students will have to wait until the lecture is completed or enter at a suitable break. With practical classes, missing the beginning of a session is likely to result in students missing important briefing details including safety aspects, and so late students will not be allowed to join practicals after the start of the session. Lateness is very disruptive for staff and fellow students. Practical reports will not be accepted from students who have been absent from the appropriate practical session(s). Consideration for others Students are expected at all times to conduct themselves in a manner that is not inconvenient, annoying or dangerous to others. Mobile phones and personal music players must be switched off before entering any class and must not be used in areas such as staff corridors, work rooms, libraries, lecture rooms, computer rooms and laboratories.

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Sustainability The School of Life Sciences aims to develop and implement the Universitys Environmental and Sustainability Policy. Students within the School of Life Sciences will be expected to: Make efficient and environmentally responsible use of energy (gas and electricity) and water at all times. In the laboratory or clinic switch off equipment after use as instructed by staff and switch off computer display screens when these are not being used. In the lecture rooms switch off lights if last to leave. Use the stairs rather than lifts. Use water sparingly (unless instructed otherwise in laboratories or clinic). In toilets turn off taps. In the laboratory ensure nothing toxic goes down the sink. Minimise the wasting of valuable resources. o Make use of recycling facilities provided on campus. o In the clinic be aware of use of resources (sheets, pillowcases, towels). o In the laboratory only use what is absolutely needed as instructed by lecturers and demonstrators and follow practical schedules so that use of glassware, disposables, solutions etc. can be kept to a minimum. o Only print out what is absolutely essential. When printing, writing or photocopying use both sides of the paper if this is an option. Reduce font size where possible. Use recycled paper. Only take one copy of handouts when provided. Re-use any unwanted textbooks (keep till receipt when you buy sell in the university bookshop). Respect your environment and set an example to others by encouraging sustainable practice at all times. For more information about Sustainability in the university please go to http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about/corporate-social-responsibility Contact Brenda McHardy, Sustainability Co-ordinator School of Life Sciences, email: mchardb@wmin.ac.uk. Contact Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility Officer e-mail: sustainability@westminster.ac.uk.

SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCES DISABILITY POLICY The School of Life Sciences aims to provide an accessible and inclusive teaching and learning environment for all its students. As defined by the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (DDA), a disability refers to "a physical, sensory or mental impairment", which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a person's ability to carry out normal day- to-day activities. Types of disability include: Sensory problems (visual impairment hearing impairment) Mobility problems Long-term mental health problems

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Other long-term chronic conditions Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs) - dyslexia, dyspraxia and dyscalculia.

If you have a disability or long-term medical condition (including mental health) which is likely to affect your studies you should contact the Disability Services as soon as possible so that they can advise you on how to obtain funding, specialist support and arrange for any necessary centrally-provided support. A screening service for dyslexia is available for students in particular circumstances. In addition, dyslexia study skills tuition can be made available. Other types of support can include library loan extensions, provision of specialist equipment, note taking support and special examination arrangements. All information is treated confidentially. Dyslexic students will be given extra time for examinations and in-class tests (e.g. MCQs, essays, practical report proformas) provided they have registered with Disability Learning Support who will then forward their details to the School Disability Tutor and Assessment Officer to ensure all in-class-test and exam arrangements are made. University of Westminster Disability Service http://www.wmin.ac.uk/page6927 Email: disabilities-westminster@wmin.ac.uk , Tel.: 020 7911 5163 Learning Support Entitlements All students registered as disabled with University of Westminster Disability Services will be provided with a form explaining their specific Learning Support Entitlements (LSEs). This includes the type of disability, assistance required, and additional comments. The LSE form provides details of the needs of the individual and covers entitlements such as: provision of lecture materials in advance of a class; allowance for a student to record lectures; extra time in in-class/Blackboard tests; enlarged font (class materials); special equipment - ergonomic chair etc. So that reasonable adjustments can be made, LSE forms are sent to the School Registry Office for exam arrangements and to the School Disability Tutor (see below) for in-class requirements. Disability Tutor Life Sciences Alison Fixsen 0207 911 5000 ext 64584 A.Fixsen@westminster.ac.uk.

If you have any disability, which may affect your progress, it is important that you contact Disability Services. Disability

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Services will bring this information to the attention of the Schools Disability Tutor who in turn inform the School Office and Module Leaders if any reasonable adjustment to your studies is required. It is also recommended that you bring this to the attention of your Course Leader, Module Leaders and Personal Tutor.

Health & Safety You must abide by the Rules, Regulations and Codes of Practice of the University of Westminster for laboratory work. These will be explained to you by the lecturer in charge of practicals and clinical sessions, but please ask if in doubt. It is your responsibility to inform the lecturer if you have any medical condition, either temporary or permanent, that may make working with microorganisms, laboratory equipment or chemicals especially hazardous to yourself. Food and drink must not be consumed in any lecture room, laboratory, lift, stairwell or in the vicinity of laboratories such as the entire 5th, 6th and 7th floors of Cavendish Campus. Smoking is banned in all areas except those specially designated. If the fire alarms sound, you must vacate the premises immediately and obey the directions of staff as to assembly at the designated assembly points. Failure to do so is a disciplinary offence.

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