bosons and spin lattice models - harvard university

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Dynamics of strongly correlated Dynamics of strongly correlated bosons and spin lattice models Observation of the amplitude Higgs mode in the superfluid state of bosons in optical lattices Experiment: Manuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ team Theory: David Pekker (Caltech), Eugene Demler Universal nonlinear semiclassical hydrodynamics of lattice spin models and strongly correlated bosons in optical lattices Theory: Andrey Maltsev, Aleksander Prokofiev (Landau Institute), Eugene Demler Eugene Demler Supported by NSF, DARPA, AFOSR MURI, ARO MURI

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Page 1: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Dynamics of strongly correlatedDynamics of strongly correlated bosons and spin lattice models

Observation of the amplitude Higgs modein the superfluid state of bosons in optical lattices

Experiment: Manuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ teamTheory: David Pekker (Caltech), Eugene Demler

Universal nonlinear semiclassical hydrodynamics  of lattice spin models and strongly correlated bosons  in optical latticesTheory: Andrey Maltsev, Aleksander Prokofiev (Landau Institute), 

Eugene DemlerEugene Demler

Supported by NSF, DARPA, AFOSR MURI, ARO MURI

Page 2: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

BEC of weakly interacting gas

Probing Bogoliubov mode with light scattering:  D. Stamper‐Kurn et al., PRL 83:2876 (1999)

Detailed study of dispersionOzeri et al., RMP 77:187 (2005)

Page 3: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Solitons in BEC. Gross‐Pitaevskii regimeSoliton train in BEC, Khawaja et al., Nature (2002), PRL (2002)

Dark soliton in BEC, C. Becker et al., Nature (2008)

Page 4: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Strongly correlated bosons in optical lattice

Collective modesN li h d d i (i l di li )Nonlinear hydrodynamics (including solitons)

Page 5: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Observation of the amplitude Higgs modein the superfluid state of bosonsin the superfluid state of bosons in optical lattices

Experiment: Manuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ teamTheor Da id Pekker (Caltech) E gene DemlerTheory: David Pekker (Caltech), Eugene Demler

Page 6: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Collective modes of strongly interactingsuperfluid bosons

Order parameter  Breaks U(1) symmetry

superfluid bosons

Phase (Goldstone) mode = gapless Bogoliubov mode

Gapped amplitude mode (Higgs mode)

Page 7: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Excitations of the Bose Hubbard modelExcitations of the Bose Hubbard model

U

22

1nn=3

Superfluid

Mott

2

1

n=2

p

Mott

Mott Superfluid

0

Mottn=1

Softening of the amplitude mode is the defining characteristicSoftening of the amplitude mode is the defining characteristicof the second order Quantum Phase Transition

Page 8: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Why it is difficult to observe the amplitude mode

Stoferle et al., PRL (2004)Stoferle et al., PRL (2004) 

Peak  at U dominates and does not change as the system goes through the SF/Mott transition

Page 9: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Exciting the amplitude mode

Absorbed energy

Page 10: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Exciting the amplitude modeManuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ team

Mottn=1 Mottn=1 Mottn=1

Page 11: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Absorption spectrum. Theoryh h ( )Lattice height 9.5 Er: (1x1 vs 2x2)

breathing mode

single amplitude mode excited multiple modes

excited?single amplitude mode excited

avg. over number of atoms in trap2x2 captures width of spectral feature

e c ted

breathing mode

mode excited

p pfine structure due to deficiency of method?

Page 12: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Experiments: full spectrump pManuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ team

Page 13: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Absorption spectra. Theory (1x1 calculations)

disappearing amplitude mode

B thi dBreathing mode

details at the QCP

spectrum remains gapped due to trap

Page 14: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Higgs Drum Modes1x1  calculation, 20 oscillationsEabs rescaled so peak heights coincide

Page 15: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Beyond linear analysis of collective modes

Universal nonlinear hydrodynamics  of y ylattice spin models and strongly correlated bosons in optical latticesbosons  in optical lattices

A d M lt Al k d P k fi (L d I tit t )Andrey Maltsev, Aleksander Prokofiev (Landau Institute), Eugene Demler

Page 16: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Equilibration of density inhomogeneityV ( )Vbefore(x)

Suddenly change th t ti l

Vafter(x)

the potential.Observe densityredistribution

Strongly correlated atoms in an optical lattice:appearance of oscillation zone on one of the edges

Semiclassical dynamicsof bosons in optical lattice:Kortweg- de Vries equationKortweg- de Vries equation

Instabilities to transverse modulation

Page 17: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Bose Hubbard model in the hard core limitU

tt tt

Hard core limit

‐ projector of no multiple occupancies

Spin representation of the hard core bosons Hamiltonian

Page 18: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Quantum magnetism of bosons in optical Q g plattices

Duan et al., PRL (2003)Kuklov, Svistunov, PRL (2003)

Page 19: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Universal phase diagram of dynamics in 2d and 3d anisotropic Heisenberg modelin 2d and 3d anisotropic Heisenberg model

Particle solitons. Unstable to 2d modulation

Hole solitons.Stable to 2d modulation

Unstable to 2d modulation2d lamp solutons

Stable to 2d modulation

Both particle and holesolitons allowed

Particle solitons.Stable to 2d modulation

Decay of inhomogeneitiesto short wavelength

ill ti

Stable to 2d modulation

Hole solitonsoscillations Hole solitons. Unstable to 2d modulation2d lamp solutions

Page 20: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Semiclassical soliton dynamics: stable regimeCharacter of solitons: KdV type

d itdensity

superfluid velocity

t=0 t=10 t=50

Page 21: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Semiclassical soliton dynamics: unstable regime

t 0 t=40t=0 t=40

Formation of lump solutions

t=80 t=90

Formation of lump solutions

Page 22: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Semiclassical dynamics of anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Density step decay.Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Density step decay.

Page 23: bosons and spin lattice models - Harvard University

Dynamics of strongly correlatedDynamics of strongly correlated bosons and spin lattice modelsObservation of the amplitude Higgs modein the superfluid state of bosons in optical lattices

Experiment: Manuel Endres, Immanuel Bloch and MPQ teamTheory: David Pekker (Caltech), Eugene Demler

Universal nonlinear semiclassical hydrodynamics  of lattice spin models and strongly correlated bosons  in optical latticesin optical lattices

Theory: Andrey Maltsev, Aleksander Prokofiev (Landau Institute), Eugene DemlerEugene Demler