bosch visions hell heaven

8/6/2019 Bosch Visions Hell Heaven

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VisionsofHELLandHEAVEN

byHieronymusBosch


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Hieronymus (Jerome)Bosch

(1450 1516)

Born

and

lived

in

sHertogenbosch(southernBelgium=Flanders)

Fromafamilyofpainters


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LittleisknownaboutBosch. We

haveabout25worksbyhim,somesigned,nonedated.


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The1450s aninterestingdecade.

1452 firstdatablebookprinted.

Leonardoborn.1453 Copernicus DeRevolutionibus.

ConstantinoplefallstotheOttomans.


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THENORTHERNRENAISSANCE

Politicalinstability*NetherlandsruledbyDukesof

Burgundy.

*1477 MaryofBurgundymarriesMaximilianofGermany aHapsburg.

*HapsburgsruleIberiaandmostofEuropenorthoftheAlps.


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Religiousunrest criticismofthe

ChurchleadingtoLuthers95

theses(1517)theReformation

andreligiouswars.

Economicprosperity.


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Religiousviews coloredthe

experienceoflife. Alchemy and

Astrology wereapartofscience

ingeneralandmedicinein

particularandhadreligious

goals.


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Boschsconcerns werewith

human nature particularlyhow

itsfunctioningwasimpededby

thestainoforiginal sin.

Thestruggleoftheweakself

againsttheworldly

temptations.

Amoralisticviewoflife.


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ErasmusofRotterdam,in1509,wrote

ThePraiseofFolly,asarcasticanalysisof

sinsandfollies,basedonthepremise

thatthenaturalstateofmankindis

STUPIDITY.

BoschagreesandpaintsTHESHIPOFFOOLS.


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Boschalsoprobablyinfluenced

byThomasa Kempis,amonk

wholivednearUtrechtandwho

wrote(1420s)theImitationof

Christ

Howtoprogressfromworldly

attachments

to

moral

perfection

andunionwithGod.


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The

Garden

of

Earthly

Delights


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Themeanings ofTheGarden

centralpanel

AdmonitionofchildrenofAdam&Eve.

The consequences of heresy.

An allegory of alchemy.

A feminist orientation.

The delights of unbridled sexuality.Etc.

Etc.


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Sociologically sincetheMiddle

Ages,

great

fear

about

sin,

impurity,heresy,etc.leadingto

damnation

in

hell,

occurring

at

ChristsSecondComing:

THELASTJUDGMENT


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By1200,theWest(main)

entranceofalmostallchurches

hadagraphicportrayaloftheLJ.


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TheSaved

in

Paradise

Christin majesty

Judging

The Damned

inHell


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Conques

On Christs right: The assembled saints standbefore Christ, full of joy.

On Christs left: The wicked suffer the

torments of the damned, roasting in the midstof flames and demons, perpetually groaningand trembling

At the bottom: O sinners, if you do not mendyour ways, know that you will suffer adreadful fate.


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WheredidBoschgethisvisual

images?


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Earlierpictures?,e.g.DirkBouts


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Literarysources?

THEVISIONLITERATURE

i.e.imaginary(visionary)visitstothenextworld.


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Visions: Gilgamesh c.2000B.C.E.Aenead c.15B.C.E.

Apocalypses Peter(IIcentury)

Paul(IIIcentury)HildegardofBingen

Dante


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AndIsawahorrendousplace,fullof

fierythornsandspikesandhorrible

worms,throughwhichwickedspirits

harriedwithfierywhipsthesoulsof

thosewho,whiletheywereintheir

bodiesintheworldstoodforallkindsof

Injustice.

Hildegarde ofBingen (10981179)


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TheVisionofTondal 1149

AnIrishKnighthasaseizure.His

soulisguidedbyanangel,to

Hell,Purgatory,Heaven.

Helearnsthedangersofsin,and

therewardsofpenitence.

i.e.amorality scenario.


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VisionofTundaleAfter they had labored much and completed the shadowy

journey,Tundale sawan incredibly largeandhorriblebeastnot far from

them. In itsenormousmagnitudethisbeastexceededallthemountains

hehadeverseen. Hiseyesseemedlikeburninghills. Hismouthwasopen

and so wide that it seemed to him that it could contain nine thousand

men. Moreover, in his mouth he had two very unusual parasites with

turned

heads.

One

of

them

had

his

head

against

the

upper

teeth

of

this

beastandhisfeetdowntothe lowerteeth;theother,justtheopposite,

hadhisheaddownandhisfeetupwardstotheupperteeth

Inextinguishable flames also belched forth from his mouth, and

into this flame condemned souls were compelled to enter. An

incomparablestinkalsocamefromhismouth. Itwasnowonderthatboth

the crying and howling of the multitude in his stomach were heard

throughhismouthsincethereweremanythousandsofmenandwomen

atoningindiretormentinside.


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TheonlyillustratedTondal.

CommissionedbyMargaretofYork.

(DuchessofBurgundy,sisterof

RichardIII)abibliophile.IllustratedbySimonMarmion,1474,

inGhent.


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WhereisBoschsVisionof

Tondal?

Lost?


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TheSchoolofBosch


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BoschslegacyWellknownifnotfamousinhistime.

Paintingscollectedbynobilityand

royalty.

Reputationspreadbyengravings.

Manyimitators SchoolofBosch.

PieterBruegel theElder(152569)

washisgreatestimitator.


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Summary

HieronymusBoschwasuniquely

gifted,inventinghisown

surrealisticstyle.


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Boschhadamoralizingoutlook

onlife,moreMedievalthan

Renaissance.Heusedsatire,sarcasm,allegory,

parody,etc.toanalyzepeoples

motivationsandactionsduringa

turbulenttimeontheveryeveof

THEREFORMATION.

bosch visions hell heaven

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