• Books on reserve in the library• Class website• Final project• Homey D. Clown-Carnival

VictimizationVictimization

• Is it beneficial/useful to examine how people of color in the U.S. have been victimized?

• Should people of color view themselves as victims?

Paul DeenPaul Deen

The Guardian-June 25The Guardian-June 25• A former employee of the Deen food empire is suing Deen

and her brother Earl "Bubba" Hiers, charging racial and sexual harassment. Lisa T Jackson claims, among other unsavory things, Deen wanted her to design a "plantation style" wedding for Bubba, which would ideally include "a bunch of little niggers" in bow ties to act as servers, like the ones that used to "tap dance around" in "Shirley Temple days".

• Jackson, who is white, says Deen laughed and said, "That would be a true Southern wedding, wouldn't it? But we can't do that because the media would be on me about that."

• For his part, Bubba Hiers addressed Jackson as "my little Jew girl", supposedly because he was impressed with her bringing the business into profit

• What do the New Immigrants and Chinese immigrants have in common?

• What do these groups have in common with Mexican immigrants?

Chinese immigrantsChinese immigrants

• Chinese were the largest immigrant group in CA in 1860.

• After 1870, their use as farm laborers increased rapidly, some estimates as high as 90 percent.

• Post Civil War economy in decline by the 1870s

• Chinese blamed for white unemployment

• China’s Opium Wars 1839-1860• 1860: 45,000 Chinese in CA• 1870: farm labor

– RR construction ends– Driven out of gold mines– Specialized farming– Wheat farmers vs. fruit growers

Discriminatory legislationDiscriminatory legislation

• As early as 1854 Chinese prohibited from testifying in cases to which white men were parties.

• San Francisco 1860s: “Starvation by constitutional enactment”

• 1877: anti-Chinese riots

In the early 1860s, city of San Francisco passed ordinance making it illegal for any In the early 1860s, city of San Francisco passed ordinance making it illegal for any

person to carry baskets on sidewalks suspended on poles across the shoulders.person to carry baskets on sidewalks suspended on poles across the shoulders.

The Chinese ProblemThe Chinese Problem

Racial stereotypes and fearsRacial stereotypes and fears

Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act

• Federal legislation: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The Act prohibited Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country under penalty of imprisonment and deportation.

• Rock Springs, Wyoming. On September 2, 1885

• Dispute over coal mining territory• White coal miners rioted and burned down

the Chinese quarter • 28 Chinese coal miners murdered• Chinese quarters burned and looted

• Geary Act of 1892: The law required all Chinese Chinese residents of the United States to carry a resident permit. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by deportation or a year of hard labor.

• Large growers refused to give up Chinese labor

• Violent raids began August of 1893

The New ImmigrantsThe New Immigrants

• Before 1880: Britain, Scandinavia, Germany

• After 1880: Italy, Greece, Turkey, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Sicily

– Racially different– Religion/culture: Greek Orthodox, Catholic, Russian

Orthodox– “Radical” political ideas: Socialism, Anarchism– Poorer– Illiterate– Did not speak English– Poor ethnic, urban neighborhoods– Unskilled laborers: meat packing, textiles, steel, oil

refinery, automobiles

New and old immigrantsNew and old immigrants

Causes of New ImmigrationCauses of New Immigration

• Economic expansion (steel, meat packing, garment)

• Steamship fares affordable• Improved economic conditions in W.

Europe• Depression in Italy• Religious persecution of Jews

The JourneyThe Journey

• Recruiters for steamships idealized America

• 9-12 days at sea• Steerage: 200-400

people • 1891: federal government

intervenes– Mental defects and

loathsome diseases

Immigration Through Ellis IslandImmigration Through Ellis Island

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4wzVuXPznk

1892: Ellis Island Opens1892: Ellis Island Opens

Great HallGreat Hall

• Medical inspections• X marks the spot• Great Hall• “These people are not

American. They are the scum of Europe.”

tenementstenements

Immigrant neighborhoodImmigrant neighborhood

EugenicsEugenics

• Originated in 1880s• American Breeder’s Association

– “investigate and report on heredity in the human race, and emphasize the value of superior blood and the menace to society of inferior blood.”

• widely accepted in the U.S. academic community.

• Corporate funding– Carnegie Corporation