book of abstracts - university of belgrade · prof. jovan babić, phd, university of belgrade,...

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCEEFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION

TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL STATUS WITH CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS

December 11-12th 2019, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

Book of Abstracts

EditorsŽeljko Rajković, Darko Mitrović,

Vladimir Milošević and Vladimir Miletić

University of BelgradeFaculty of Sport and Physical Education

Belgrade, 2019.

MEĐUNARODNA NAUČNA KONFERENCIJAEFEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI NA

ANTROPOLOŠKI STATUS DECE, OMLADINE I ODRASLIH

11-12. decembar 2019, Beograd, Republika Srbija

Zbornik sažetaka

UredniciŽeljko Rajković, Darko Mitrović,

Vladimir Milošević i Vladimir Miletić

Univerzitet u BeograduFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

Beograd, 2019.

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University of Belgrade – Faculty of Sport and Physical EducationUniverzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

Saša Jakovljević, Dean / Dekan

Željko RajkovićDarko MitrovićVladimir MiloševićVladimir Miletić

Saša Golub

Vladimir MiletićVladimir Milošević

Vladimir Miletić3D+

3D+, Beograd 2019.

30 copies / primeraka

University of Belgrade – Faculty of Sport and Physical EducationUniverzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of SerbiaMinistarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja

Ministry of Youth and Sport of the Republic of SerbiaMinistarstvo omladine i sporta Republike Srbije

Olympic Committee of the Republic of SerbiaOlimpijski komitet Srbije

fsfvconference.rs

[email protected]

Pro OUTDOOR Team, Beograd

978-86-89773-52-1

Publisher / Izdavač

For the Publisher / Za Izdavača

Editors / Urednici

Classificaion / Klasifikacija

Layout / Tehnička obrada

Design and Cover / Dizajn i korice

Printed by / Štampa

Edition / Tiraž

Organizer / Organizator

Supported by / Uz podršku

web prezentacija

e-adresa

Sponzor vizuelnog identiteta Konferencije

ISBN

IMPRESSUM ____

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SCIENTIFIC BOARD / NAUČNI ODBOR_____

President / PredsednikAssis. prof. Željko Rajković, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education

Members from the Institution / Članovi sa matične institucije:

Prof. Aleksandar Janković, PhD, Prof. Sanja Mandarić, PhD,Prof. Goran Kasum, PhD,Prof. Marija Macura, PhD,Assoc. prof. Nenad Janković, PhD,Assoc. prof. Ana Vesković - Đaković, PhD,

Members from other national institutions / Članovi sa ostalih nacionalnih institucija:

Prof. Jovan Babić, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of PhilosophyProf. Dejan Madić, PhD, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical EducationProf. Zvezdan Savić, PhD, University of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical EducationProf. Goran Šekeljić, PhD, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Pedagogical SciencesProf. Boban Milojković, PhD, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies – Department of CriminalisticsAssoc. prof. Hadži Saša Ilić, PhD, University of Priština with temporary address in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Sport and Physi-cal EducationAssoc. prof. Benin Murić, PhD, State University of Novi Pazar, Department of Biomedical ScienceAssis. prof. Dragan Branković, PhD, University of Belgrade, Teacher Education FacultyMilan Spaić, PhD, Zemun Hospital, Department of NeurosurgeryAssis. prof. Svetislav Šoškić, Captain of a battleship, the University of Defence, Military Academy, BelgradeNikola Čikiriz, PhD, Lieutanant Colonel, the University of Defence, Military Medical Academy, Institute of Hygiene and Dietetics, BelgradeDarko Trifunović, PhD, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Security Studies, Institute of Security StudiesGoran Džafić, PhD, Serbian National Employment Service

International members / Članovi iz inostranstva:

Prof. Mladen Marinović, PhD, University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, CroatiaProf. Goran Bošnjak, PhD, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and HerzegovinaAssis. prof. Nikolay Panayotov, PhD, National Sports Academy „Vassil Levski“, Sofia, BulgariaAssis. prof. Matija Mato Škerbić, PhD, University of Zagreb, University Department of Croatian Studies, CroatiaAssis. prof. Nebojša Mitrović, PhD, University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Education in Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and HerzegovinaAssis. prof. Franjo Lovrić, PhD, University of Mostar, Faculty of Natural Mathematical and Educational Sciences, Bosnia and Her-zegovinaCsaba Szanto, ICF Expert, International Canoeing Federation, Laussane, SwitzerlandFernando Parente, FISU Executive Committee member, Braga, PortugalMsc, Katsumi Namba, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan

ORGANIZATIONAL BOARD / ORGANIZACIONI ODBOR_____

President / PredsednikAssoc. prof. Darko Mitrović, PhD,

General secretary / Generalni sekretarAss. Vladimir Milošević,

Members / Članovi:

Assis. prof. Milan Matić, PhD, Assis. prof. Slobodanka Dobrijević, PhD, Ass. Lazar Tomić Ass. Marija Čolić, Ass. Nikola Majstorović, Ass. Vladimir Grbić,Gordana Vekarić, Foreign language lecturer

Assis. prof. Aleksandra Popović, PhD,Assis. prof. Vladimir Mrdaković PhD,Assis. prof. Goran Prebeg, PhD,Assis. prof. Miloš Marković, PhD,Assis. prof. Vladimir Miletić, PhD,Assis. prof. Marko Ćosić, PhD,

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Dear colleagues, participants of the Conference_____

We wish you a welcome to the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, which this year celebrating the anniversary, 81 years since foundation. Our Faculty traditionaly besides anniversary celebration organizes International Scientific Conference. The conference entitled “The Effects of Physical Activity Application to Anthropological Status with Children, Adolescents and Adults” has been organized since 2011 and this year has its 9th edition. The Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Serbia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia and the Olympic Committee of Serbia have supported the organization of the Conference as well as in previous years. International scientific gathering is organized because of intelectual exchange on institution and personal level for people that beside education are involved in science work. The conference boasts a long and rich history with a significant contribution to promoting health and exercise at all levels in the wider region. Regarding defined criteria, 70 papers were submitted within the thematic areas, and after the reviews the Scientific Board accepted 59 abstracts in Serbian and English. Chosen papers are distributed in 8 sessions for oral presentation, and one for poster session. During process of Book of abstracts preparation, papers were distributed regarding temathic areas. It is our special pleasure to inform you that students of the home Faculty from all types and levels of study will attend the Conference, as well as physical education professors employed in primary, secondary, and high schools in Serbia, whose attendance is recognized as a form of professional development, approved by the Institute for Advance-ment of Education. In addition, Conference will be attended by sports coaches, and thus obtain the requirements for renewal of their licenses in the national and regional sport federations. We wish all authors successful presentation of papers, active participation in the work of the Conference, ac-quiring new knowledge and exchange of professional and scientific experiences. With hope you will have a pleasant stay in Belgrade, as well as at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade.

President of the Scientific Board of the ConferenceŽeljko Rajković, PhD, assis. prof.

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Poštovane koleginice i kolege, učesnici Konferencije _____

Želimo Vam dobrodošlicu na Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu koji ove godine slavi jubilej, 81 godinu od nastanka. Fakultet tradicionalno uz proslavu jubileja organizuje i međunarodnu naučnu konfer-enciju. Konferencija se pod nazivom „Efekti primene fizičke aktivnosti na antropološki status dece, omladine i odraslih“ organizuje od 2011. i ove godine ima svoje 9. izdanje. Podršku organizaciji Konferencije ove, kao i prethodnih godina, dali su Ministarstvo omladine i sporta Republike Srbije, Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije i Olimpijski komitet Srbije. Međunarodni naučni skup se organizuje u cilju intelektualne razmene na nivou institucija, ali i pojedinaca koji se osim obrazovanja, pretežno bave naučnim radom. Konferenciju krasi duga i bogata istorija uz značajan doprinos unapređenju zdravlja i fizičkog vežbanja na svim nivoima, u širem regionu. Prema definisanim kriterijumima, u okviru tematskih područja prijavljeno je 70 radova, a nakon recenzija naučni odbor prihvatio je 59 sažetaka radova, na srpskom i engleskom jeziku. Odabrani radovi raspoređeni su u 8 sesija za usmene prezentacije i jednu poster sesiju. U pripremanju Zbornika sažetaka radovi su raspoređeni prema tematskim oblastima. Posebno nam je zadovoljstvo da Vas obavestimo da će kao slušaoci na Konferenciji prisustvovati studenti matičnog Fakulteta sa svih oblika i nivoa studija, kao i profesori fizičkog vaspitanja zaposleni u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Srbiji, kojima se prisustvo predavanjima priznaje kao stručno usavršavanje odobreno od Zavoda za una-pređivanje obrazovanja i vaspitanja (ZUOV). Osim njih predavanjima će prisustvovati i stručnjaci u sportu, kao i sportski stručnjaci, koji će tako steći uslove za obnavljanje licenci u granskim i regionalnim sportskim savezima. Svim autorima želimo uspešnu prezentaciju radova, aktivno učešće u radu Konferencije uz sticanje novih saz-nanja i razmenu stručnih i naučnih iskustava. Nadamo se da će Vam biti prijatno tokom boravka u Beogradu, kao i na Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu.

Predsednik Naučnog odbora KonferencijeDr Željko Rajković, docent

INVITED LECTUREPOZIVNA PREDAVANJA .........................................................................................................................................................................................

HUMANISTIC-SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATIONDRUŠTVENO-HUMANISTIČKI I FILOZOFSKI ASPEKTI FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA, SPORTA I REKREACIJE ...................................................

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATIONMETODOLOŠKI ASPEKTI ISTRAŽIVANJA U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU, SPORTU I REKREACIJI ....................................................................

Adam RoczekCHANGES AND TRENDS IN UNIVERSITY SPORTS ......................................................................................................................................

Dragan KolevSPORT AS A MEANS OF DIPLOMACY ...........................................................................................................................................................

Nejc ŠarabonLOWER BODY ASYMMETRIES AND THEIR ROLE IN SPORT INJURIES PREVENTION: A MULTI - MODAL INSIGHT ................................

Božica Stefanović, Ana Orlić, Marija ČolićTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN A BODY MASS REDUCTION PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS ...............................................................................................................................................................................................POVEZANOST TELESNIH I PSIHOLOŠKIH PROMENA KOD UČESNIKA PROGRAMA ZA REDUKCIJU TELESNE MASE ..........................

Ivana MitrovićTHE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT- THE ROLE OF THE ACADEMIC MUSEUM ....ISTORIJA I FILOZOFIJA NAUKE U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU I SPORTU – ULOGA AKADEMSKOG MUZEJA ..............................................

Josip Cvenić, Ena CrnojaGENDER DIFFERENCES IN SPORT AND RECREATIONAL PREFERENCES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS .........................................

Marjan Malcev, Metodi GlavceTHE EFFECT OF GAMES ON THE SOCIALIZATION OF EARLY SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS ........................................................................

Mladen MarinovićMOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY TRAITS OF ROWERS ..............................................................................................................................

Nemanja Rebić, Marija Čolić, Ana OrlićJUST DANCE! THE INFLUENCE OF SALSA CLASSES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, EMOTIONAL STATUS, AND PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT ..............................................................................................................................................................................................JUST DANCE! ISPITIVANJE UTICAJA ČASOVA SALSE NA PSIHOLOŠKO DOBROSTANJE, EMOCIONALNI STATUS I FIZIČKO SAMOPOIMANJE ............................................................................................................................................................................................

Sandra Radenović, Ivana MilovanovićSOCIOLOGY OF FOOTBALL AS A SPECIAL SOCIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE AND AN EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT .......................................SOCIOLOGIJA FUDBALA KAO POSEBNA SOCIOLOŠKA DISCIPLINA I NASTAVNI PREDMET ..................................................................

Violeta ŠiljakSCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH THE HISTORY OF SPORTS ........................................................NAUČNE USTANOVE I ORGANIZACIJE KOJE SE BAVE ISTORIJOM SPORTA ............................................................................................

Dragiša MladenovićTHE BEGINNING OF SKI TRAINING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ................................................................................................................POČETAK OBUKE SKIJANJA DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA ...............................................................................................................

Franjo Lovrić, Ivana Kujundić Lujan, Zoran ČuljakTHE EFFECT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE OF MANIPULATIVE BILATERAL KINESIOLOGICAL TESTS IN SEVEN-YEAR-OLD BOYS ................................................................................................................................

Goran Bošnjak, Vladimir Jakovljević, Gorana Tešanović, Branko Škof, Milinko DabovićANTHROPOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND RUNNING RESULTS AT 1500 METERS ....................................................................................RELACIJE ANTROPOMETRIJE I REZULTATA TRČANJA NA 1500 METARA .................................................................................................

Daliborka Stanković, Goran Nešić, Nikola MajstorovićANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR ABILITIES IN 13-15 YEARS OLD FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ........................PROFIL ANTROPOMETRIJSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA I MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI ODBOJKAŠICA UZRASTA 13-15 GODINA .................

Josip Lukač, Marin Barišić, Miodrag SpasićCORELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT BALANCE TESTS ON THE BIODEX BALANCE SYSTEM ...................................................................KORELACIJA IZMEĐU RAZLIČITIH TESTOVA RAVNOTEŽE NA BIODEX BALANCE SISTEMU ...................................................................

Lazar Tomić, Miloslav Fabok, Bojan Leontijević, Aleksandar JankovićMETHODS OF RESPONSE TIME ASSESSMENT IN DIFFERENT SPORTS .....................................................................................................METODE ZA PROCENU VREMENA REAGOVANJA SPORTISTA RAZLIČITIH SPORTOVA ...........................................................................

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CONTENT / SADRŽAJ

METHODICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATIONMETODIČKI ASPEKTI EFEKATA PRIMENE FIZIČKIH AKTIVNOSTI U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU, SPORTU I REKREACIJI ..............................

MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATION AND MARKETING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATIONMENADŽMENT, ORGANIZACIJA I MARKETING U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU, SPORTU I REKREACIJI ............................................................

Milinko Dabović, Marko Erak, Ivana Čerkez Zovko, Aleksandra Lakić, Aleksandar StefanovićANALYSIS OF STUDENTS COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TEACHING IN THE ARTHISTIC GYMNASTICS CLASSES ................................................................................................................................................................................ANALIZA TAKMIČARSKE USPEŠNOSTI STUDENATA U CILJU PODIZANJA KVALITETA NASTAVE NA PREDMETU SPORTSKA GIMNASTIKA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

Marta Ćirković, Sanja Mandarić, Branka MarkovićTHE INCIDENCE OF INJURY AMONG CONTEMPORARY DANCERS ............................................................................................................INCIDENCA POVREĐIVANJA PLESAČA SAVREMENOG PLESA ..................................................................................................................

Miroslav Milovanović, Miloš MudrićCHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCORING ACTIONS OF ELITE KARATEKAS AND THE IMPACT OF SENSHU IN THE FINAL MATCHES OF PREMIER LAEGUE EVENTS IN 2018 ..............................................................................................................................................................KARAKTERISTIKE POENTIRAJUĆIH AKCIJA I UTICAJ SENŠUA U FINALNIM BORBAMA ELITNIH KARATISTA NA PREMIJER LIGAMA 2018. GODINE ................................................................................................................................................................................................

Nebojša ĐošićCHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK STRUCTURE OF THE WINNER OF THE FOOTBALL WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2014 ...........................КARAKTERISTIKE STRUKTURE NAPADA OSVAJAČA SVETSKOG PRVENSTVA U FUDBALU 2014. GODINE ............................................

Nera Budalica, Marijana Čavala, Josefina Đuzel, Nebojša ZagoracTHE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF ISOMETRIC STRENGTH EXERCISE - EXAMPLE “PLANK” .....................................UČINCI GLAZBE NA FIZIČKE ASPEKTE IZOMETRIJSKE VJEŽBE SNAGE – PRIMJER IZDRŽAJA NA PODLAKTICAMA ...........................

Radenko Arsenijević, Predrag Božić, Milan Matić, Bobana Berjan Bačvarević, Saša Jakovljević, Nemanja PažinTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE LEVEL AND INTERNAL LOAD IN VERTICAL JUMPS SESSIONS ....................................POVEZANOST NIVOA PERFORMANSI I INTERNOG OPTEREĆENJA U SESIJAMA VERTIKALNIH SKOKOVA ............................................

Slobodan Tošić, Željko RajkovićRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOAD OF PERCEIVED EXERTION AND THE RESULTS IN THE RACE OF DRAGON BOAT ......................RELACIJA NIVOA SUBJEKTIVNOG OSEĆAJA ZAMORA I PLASMANA U TRCI DRAGON BOUTA ..............................................................

Slobodanka Dobrijević, Lidija Moskovljević, Tijana Purenović IvanovićSTRUCTURE OF APPARATUS DIFFICULTY IN ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS’ ROUTINES ..........................................................................STRUKTURA TEŽINA REKVIZITIMA U SASTAVIMA ELITNIH TAKMIČARKI U RITMIČKOJ GIMNASTICI .....................................................

Dragica Kostić, Ivana Milanović, Snežana Radisavljević Janić, Miloš MarkovićACTIVE WORKOUT TIME OF STUDENTS DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES APPLYING DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL-METHODICAL FORMS OF WORK .................................................................................................................................AKTIVNO VREME VEŽBANJA UČENIKA TOKOM PRIMENE RAZLIČITIH ORGANIZACIONO-METODIČKIH FORMI RADA NA ČASU FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA .................................................................................................................................................................................

Sara Stanić Jovanović, Marko Stevanović, Sonja Ivančević, Miroslav Stevanović, Srđan JovanovićEXAMINING PARTICIPATION OF ADULT POPULATION OF SURČIN MUNICIPALITY IN SPORTS, RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST ACTIVITIES, WITH THE AIM OF HEALTH AND WORK PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT .............................................................................ISPITIVANJE UČEŠĆA ODRASLOG STANOVNIŠTVA OPŠTINE SURČIN U SPORTSKO-REKREATIVNIM I TURISTIČKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA U CILJU POBOLJŠANJA ZRAVLJA I RADNE PRODUKTIVNOSTI .................................................................................................................

Stefan Radojičić, Marko ĆosićCRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE PROGRESSION OF TRAINING IN THE REHABILITATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................KRITERIJUMI ZA PROCENU PROGRESIJE TRENIRANOSTI PRI REHABILITACIJI POVREDE PREDNJEG UKRŠTENOG LIGAMENTA .....

Zdravko Aničić, Miloš Petrović, Olivera Knežević, Marko ErakCONTEXTUAL INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING VOLLEYBALL SKILLS ...........................................................................................................UČENJE ODBOJKAŠKIH VEŠTINA KONTEKSTUALNIM MEŠANJEM ............................................................................................................

Robert RopretFROM BASIC MOTOR SKILLS TO THE ALPINE SKIING TECHNIQUES .........................................................................................................OD OSNOVNIH MOTORIČKIH VEŠTINA DO TEHNIKA ALPSKOG SKIJANJA ...............................................................................................

Robert RopretMETHODS OF PARALLEL TURN TRAINING IN ALPINE SKIING ....................................................................................................................METODE OBUČAVANJA PARALELNOG ZAOKRETA U ALPSKOM SKIJANJU .............................................................................................

Svetislav Šoškić, Uroš Kostić, Dušan StošićTHE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF ROWING AS A SPORTS DISCIPLINE AT THE MILITARY ACADEMY ......................................RAZVOJ I ZNAČAJ VESLANJA KAO SPORTSKE DISCIPLINE NA VOJNOJ AKADEMIJI ...............................................................................

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PEDAGOGICAL ISSUES AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATIONPEDAGOŠKI PROBLEMI I FIZIČKO VASPITANJE, SPORT I REKREACIJA .......................................................................................................

BIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION BIOMEDICINSKI ASPEKTI PRIMENE FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI ...............................................................................................................................

Goran Džafić, Darko MitrovićSTRUCTURE OF UNEMPLOYED PERSONS WITHIN THE SPORTS PROFESSIONS AND VOCATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA .......STRUKTURA NEZAPOSLENIH LICA U OKVIRU SPORTSKIH ZANIMANJA I ZVANJA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI .................................................

Ilija Andrejić, Milorad Marković, Dragan Petrić, Nikola RvovićEVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR BANED OF USE OF A MOUNTAINEERING FACILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF VIA FERATTA BRUNO BIONDI (ITALY) AND PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVEMENT MEASURES ...........................................................................EVALUACIJA PROCEDURA ZABRANE KORIŠĆENJA PLANINARSKOG OBJEKTA NA PRIMERU VIA FERATE BRUNO BIONDI (ITALIJA) I PREDLOZI MERA ZA POBOLJŠANJE ..........................................................................................................................................

Ljiljana Stankov, Sanja Vuletić, Mira Jovanović, Nataša StarčevićSPATIO-TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF KINDERGARTEN AS AN INCENTIVE TO ENGAGE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT PRESCHOOL AGE .................................................................................................................................................................................................................PROSTORNO-VREMENSKA STRUKTURA DEČJEG VRTIĆA KAO PODSTICAJ ZA BAVLJENJE FIZIČKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA NA PREDŠKOLSKOM UZRASTU ..........................................................................................................................................................................

Milorad Kličković, Milorad Marković, Gordana MiloševićSPELEOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IN THE RESAVA CAVE ........................................................................................................SPELEOLOŠKA OBUKA ZAPOSLENIH U RESAVSKOJ PEĆINI .....................................................................................................................

Nenad Vasić, Daniel HelerPUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVOCACY VERSUS LOBBYING IN SPORT: A CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND COMPARATIVES INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE .............................................................................................................................................ODNOSI SA JAVNOŠĆU I ADVOKATURA NASUPROT LOBIRANJU U SPORTU: STUDIJA SLUČAJA REPUBLIKA SRBIJA I UPOREDNA MEĐUNARODNA PRAKSA .............................................................................................................................................................................

Vladimir Miletić, Boban Milojković, Milorad Marković, Željko RajkovićGLOBAL SCHEME FOR LEARNING SPORTS OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES ...........................................................................................................GLOBALNA ŠEMA OBUČAVANJA SPORTSKIH AKTIVNOSTI U PRIRODI ....................................................................................................

Tzeni Deligiannidou, Ioannis Athanailidis, Athanasios Laios, Amalia Stafyla, Arvanitidou Vasileia DEFICITS OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOL LEADERSHIP ACCORDING TO THE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ............

Branka Savović, Sandra Radenović, Miloš MarkovićSOME NEW PEDAGOGICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, ETHICAL AND MOTOR ISSUES IN EDUCATION OF THE “INTERNET GENERATION” ....NEKI NOVI PEDAGOŠKI, SOCIOLOŠKI, ETIČKI I MOTORIČKI PROBLEMI U VASPITANJU „INTERNET GENERACIJE“ .............................

Boban Milojković, Vladimir MiletićSAFETY ASPECTS OF USING MOUNTAIN ROADS ........................................................................................................................................BEZBEDNOSNI ASPEKTI KORIŠĆENJA PLANINARSKIH PUTEVA ................................................................................................................

Ljubica Papić, Stanimir Stojiljković, Marija Macura, Igor RanisavljevTHE IMPACT OF HALF MARATHON TRAINING ON THE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES AND BODY COMPOSITION OF WOMEN ENGAGED IN RECREATIONAL RUNNING .......................................................................................................................................................................UTICAJ TRENINGA ZA POLUMARATON NA FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI I TELESNI SASTAV ŽENA REKREATIVACA .....................

Katarina Nejić, Stefan Đorđević, Mima Stanković, Kristina Marković, Saša BubanjDIFFERENCES IN POSTURAL STATUS OF THE SPINAL COLUMN IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................RAZLIKE U POSTURALNOM STATUSU KIČMENOG STUBA KOD ODBOJKAŠICA RAZLIČITIH UZRASNIH KATEGORIJA .......................

Kosta Novaković, Vladimir IlićUSAGE OF BORG SCALE IN ADVANCED SPORT PRACTICE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW .................................................................................PRIMENA BORGOVE SKALE U NAPREDNOJ SPORTSKOJ PRAKSI: SISTEMATSKI PREGLED ...................................................................

Lazar Toskić, Milivoj Dopsaj, Milan MarkovićINFLUENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS ON TMG RESPONSE IN KNEE JOINT MUSCLES .................UTICAJ PARAMETARA TELESNOG SASTAVA DONJIH EKSTREMITETA NA TMG ODGOVOR KOD MIŠIĆA ZGLOBA KOLENA ..............

Milan Spaić, Darko Mitrović, Aleksandar Radosavljević, Petar SpaićTHE ACADEMIC ROWING AND THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE YELLOW SPINE LIGAMENT - THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL ......AKADEMSKO VESLANJE I FUNKCIONALNA ANATOMIJA ŽUTIH LIGAMENATA KIČMENOG STUBA - PREDLOG STUDIJE ...................

Nebojša Mitrović, Dragan Branković, Dejan Bokonjić, Vladimir ŽivanovićPREVALENCE OF KYPHOSIS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ..........................................................................................................PREVALENCA KIFOZE KOD DECE MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA ...........................................................................................................

Nikolay Panayotov, Nebojša JotovEVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PILATES HEALTH-PREVENTION PROGRAMMES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF PHYSICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN ...................................................................................................................................................................EVALUACIJA EFEKATA ZDRAVSTVENO-PREVENTIVNIH PROGRAMA PILATESA NA MORFOLOŠKI STATUS FIZIČKI NEAKTIVNIH ŽENA .........................................................................................................................................................................................

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SPORTS ETHICS, BIOETHICS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITYETIKA SPORTA, BIOETIKA I FIZIČKA AKTIVNOST ..............................................................................................................................................

APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT AND RECREATION IN WORK WITH THE PERSONS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS (GIFTED PERSONS AND PERSONS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS)PRIMENA FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA, SPORTA I REKREACIJE U RADU SA OSOBAMA SA POTREBOM ZA POSEBNOM DRUŠTVENOM BRIGOM (TALENTOVANIM OSOBAMA I OSOBAMA SA RAZVOJNIM SMETNJAMA) ........................................................................................

POSTER PRESENTATIONSPOSTER PREZENTACIJE .......................................................................................................................................................................................

INDEX OF AUTHORS / INDEKS AUTORA ..............................................................................................................................................................

LIST OF REVIEWERS / SPISAK RECENZENATA ...................................................................................................................................................

INSTITUTIONS / INSTITUCIJE ................................................................................................................................................................................

Stefan Seman, Dejana Popović, Marija MacuraRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE PARAMETERS AND RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (PILOT STUDY) ...............................................................................................................................................................................................ODNOS OSNOVNIH PARAMETARA KARDIOVASKULARNOG ODGOVORA I SUBJEKTIVNE PROCENE ZAMORA (PILOT STUDIJA) ......

Vladimir Ilić, Nemanja Rebić, Slobodanka DobrijevićHEMATOLOGICAL STATUS AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE VEGANS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................HEMATOLOŠKI STATUS I FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI KARDIORESPIRATORNOG SISTEMA FIZIČKI AKTIVNIH VEGANA ..............

Zvezdan Savić, Predrag Đokić, Nikola StojanovićTHE BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SCHOOL SPORTS ON HEALTH STATUS: A BRIEF REVIEW ..........................................BENEFITI NASTAVE FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA I ŠKOLSKOG SPORTA ZA ZDRAVSTVENI STATUS: KRATAK PREGLED ..............................

Matija Mato ŠkerbićBIOETHICS OF SPORT: WHAT KIND OF FUTURE IS THERE FOR THE CONTEMPORARY SPORTS? ..........................................................

Aldvin Torlaković, Roman Kebat, Enes PeštekDYNAMICS OF MOVEMENT ADAPTATION AND EXERCISE IN WATER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES THROUGH A CUSTOMIZED SWIMMING PROGRAM ....................................................................................................................................DINAMIKA ADAPTACIJE KRETANJA I VJEŽBANJA U VODI ZA DJECU I OMLADINU S TEŠKOĆAMA U RAZVOJU KROZ PRILAGOĐENI PROGRAM PLIVANJA ............................................................................................................................................................

Jelena Nikolić, Fadilj EminovićCHANGES IN MOTOR ABILITIES AND FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES UNDER THEINFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW STUDY ...................................................................................................PROMENE MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI I FUNKCIONISANJA DECE I ODRASLIH OSOBA SA TELESNIM INVALIDITETOM POD UTICAJEM FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI: SISTEMATSKO PREGLEDNO ISTRAŽIVANJE ........................................................................................

Bojan Mašanović, Jovan Gardašević, Duško BjelicaTHE EFFECTS OF THREE-MONTH AND SIX-MONTH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SOCIAL INCLUSION OF ELDERLY ...................................

Goran Prebeg, Vladimir ĐukanovićDEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL SHOOTING IN SERBIA ...............................................................................................................................RAZVOJ PRAKTIČNOG STRELJAŠTVA U SRBIJI ...........................................................................................................................................

Miodrag Milenović, Miljan JovićMOVEMENT FUNCTION AND VISUAL PROCESSING IN THE CONTEXT OF SENSORY INTEGRATION IN CHILDREN WITH DISHARMONIC DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................................................................................FUNKCIJA POKRETA I VIZUELNO PROCESIRANJE U KONTEKSTU SENZORNE INTEGRACIJE KOD DECE SA DISHARMONIČNIM RAZVOJEM .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

Mateja Beck, Zvonimir Tomac, Dražen RastovskiRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MOTOR ABILITIES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN .............................................

Marko Ćosić, Nenad Baša, Stanimir Stojiljković, Goran PrebegTHERAGUN AS A RECOVERY TOOL IN RECREATIONAL EXERCISE ...........................................................................................................„THERAGUN“ KAO SREDSTVO OPORAVKA U REKREATIVNOM VEŽBANJU ..............................................................................................

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Invited lecture

Pozivna predavanja

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UDK: 796:378.6

CHANGES AND TRENDS IN UNIVERSITY SPORTS

Adam RoczekEuropean University Sports Association (EUSA), Ljubljana, Slovenia

At the beginning of the 19th century, competitive modern sport took its first steps, guided by the father of the modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. It was in the United States, England and Switzerland that the first inter-university meets were held. They gradually led to the emergence of university sports associations, the first of which came into being in the United States in 1905. The International Confederation of Students was established in 1919 and it was this organisation’s Sports Committee that launched the first World Univer-sity Games in 1923. FISU’s origin goes back to the 1920s when Frenchman Jean Petitjean organised the first ‘World Student Games’ in Paris, in May 1923. The following year, the International Confederation of Students (ICS) associated itself with this movement. From 1925 to 1939, many great sporting events were organised by the students and the ICS. The Second World War interrupted these meets, but when peace was restored, France re-launched the World University Games. Peace was relative, and the shadow of the cold war soon divided university sport. In 1946, the International Students Union (ISU) was created in Prague to pursue the works of the International Confederation of Students, and it organised the 9th World University Games in 1947. In 1948, the International University Sports Federation (FISU) was created under the impetus of Paul Schleimer of Luxembourg, and it launched the International University Sport Weeks in 1949 in Merano, Italy. In 1957, the French federation organised a World University Sports Championship which brought together students from the Eastern and Western blocks. From this meet arose the desire to organise a universal event in which students from all over the world could participate. In 1959, FISU and the ISU agreed to participate in the games organised in Turin, Italy, by CUSI, the Italian Student Sports Association. These 1959 games were baptised the ‘Universiade’. A flag with a ‘U’ surrounded by stars was created, which was to begin its journey around the world. National anthems at medal ceremonies were replaced with ‘Gaudeamus Igitur’. The Universiade in Turin was a success for the local Executive Committee, as well as for the man who was to change the future of the university sports movement: Dr. Primo Nebiolo. From then on, FISU was to organise the games at a worldwide level. FISU has organised 29 Summer Universiades and 29 Winter Universiades every two years, in the even-numbered years. FISU has organised more than 350 World University Cham-pionships in the even-numbered years. The FISU Educational Programmes has conducted more than 30 seminars, forums and conferences. Ever since, the Universiades have continued to attract more and more participants. Starting with a total of 1,407 participants in Turin, Italy, in 1959, the Universiade saw a highest number of participants at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia - with 11,759 athletes representing 159 countries. The Winter Universiades began with 98 athletes in the games in Zell-Am-See, Austria, in 1958, and went onto record 2,668 participants from 52 countries came to the Winter Universiade in Trentino, Italy, in 2013. During this period FISU sets the values that shape and underpin work of FISU members. Mentioned values are: excellence, teamwork, innovation, joy of sport, and integrity. Parallel with FISU, continental Uni-versity Sport Asotiations were developed. EUSA today is most developed continental Asotiation with highest rate of activities. Beside sports activities lotts of world wide actions were developed such as FISU Educa-tion, FISU Forum, FISU Conferences, FISU Anti doping programms, FISU Volunteers leaders academy, FISU Scholarships programme, FISU Young reporters program, FISU students ambasadors, different FISU Partnerships, and FISU International day of University Sport. The FISU Universiades give student-athletes an opportunity to come together from all around the world, in a spirit of understanding and peace, and also with a view to obtain results at high technical level. Further remaining and development of University sports rely on precise and detailed planned FISU global strategy.

Key words: FISU, university sports, strategy, trends

Referenceshttps://www.fisu.net/about-fisu/fisu_historyhttps://www.fisu.net/about-fisu/fisu_today

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UDK: 796:341.7

SPORT AS A MEANS OF DIPLOMACY

Dragan KolevFaculty for Diplomacy and Security, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

The paper analyzes the relationship between sport and diplomacy. In the broader context, the relationship between sport and politics is viewed as diplomacy is merely a manifestation of a country’s foreign policy. Sport and diplomacy have a lot in common. They touch and intertwine at many points. Diplomacy affects sport, just as sport affects diplomacy. For a long time Sport entered diplomacy and diplomacy entered into sport. Through sport, states can gain an international reputation, but through sport they can lose it too. Other foreign policy goals of the state can be realized through sport too. Often, the sport has been held as a hostage of politics, which has led to its misuse. Paper focus our attention on only one segment of this complex corpus - the use of sport as “soft power” diplomacy. Specifically, both sport and diplomacy have specific powers that can be instrumentalised to pursue different interests. In modern international relations, “hard power” gradually gives way to the primacy of “soft power”. In this sense, sport has become a specific way of diplomatically displaying “soft power”, especially when it is implemented in “smart power”. All three concepts of “hard power”, “soft power” and “smart power” were launched, theoretically developed and con-ceptualized by an American scientist and formerly high-ranking state official Joseph Nye. The paper is an attempt to look for arguments to confirm such definitions.

Key words: sport, diplomacy, foreign politics, soft power

ReferencesDžozef N. (2012). Budućnost moći, Arhipelag, Beograd.Kolev D. (2012). Osnove neuromarketinga, Panevropski univerzitet “APEIRON”, Skripta, Banja Luka.

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UDK: 796:616-001

LOWER BODY ASYMMETRIES AND THEIR ROLE IN SPORT INJURIES PREVENTION: A MULTI-MODAL INSIGHT

Nejc ŠarabonUniversity of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Koper, Slovenia

Asymmetries in body ability and function are prevalent among athletes and may lead to injuries and de-creased performance. In general, asymmetries can be classified into local (involving single joint, muscle or body part) and global, which appear especially during complex movement patterns. Structural asymmetries are a major problem as well, as they may lead to overload of musculoskeletal system during cyclic and acyclic movements. Several asymmetry studies were carried out on soccer players and demonstrated that hamstring weakness and bilateral lower limb asymmetries are significant risk factors for sustaining an injury. Evidence based physical conditioning and sports injuries prevention/rehabilitation has gained recognition and keeps rising attention of practitioners and researchers. Inter-muscular strength/power relationships and postural balance represent an important aspect of such an approach. The presentation will summarize the most important approaches to testing body (a)symmetries and muscle (im)balances such as: (1) ag-onist-to-antagonist ratio, (2) contra-lateral strength differences, (3) inter-limb differences when performing bilateral motor tasks, (4) limb weight-bearing differences during standardized postural tasks. Since previous injury is the strongest predictor of future injuries, asymmetries should be given a special attention in return-to-sport phase as well. Studies to date do not provide many cause-effect relationships between asymmetries and injury risk. The final aim of future research should be to establish effective interventions to reduce or eliminate asymmetries to reduce injury risk. For now, there is no comprehensive answer on how to navigate sport training to avoid asymmetries and injuries.

Key words: injury risk, local asymmetries, global asymmetries, training, rehabilitation

ReferencesŠarabon, N., & Kozinc, Ž. (2018). Telesne asimetrije športnikov in tveganje za poškodbe. Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Prakticna Vprasanja Sporta, 66.

Humanistic-social and philosophical aspects of

physical education, sport and recreation

Društveno-humanistički i filozofski aspekti fizičkog

vaspitanja, sporta i rekreacije

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UDK: 796:613.25

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN A BODY MASS REDUCTION PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS

Božica Stefanović, Ana Orlić, Marija ČolićFaculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction Studies indicate that body mass reduction (BMR) programs have positive effects on both physiological and psychological states. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between progress in BMR and psychological well-being, self-esteem, body image and exercise motivation in BMR program participants.

Method180 participants of „Morphosis“ BMR program who were in different program phases at the moment of as-sessment completed questionnaires measuring psychological well-being (Psychological wellbeing, Ryff, 1989), self-esteem (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965), body image (Body Image Questionnaire, Koleck, et al., 2002), social physique anxiety (Social Physique Anxiety Scale, Hart et al., 1989) and exercise motiva-tion (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, Markland & Tobin, 2004). In addition, participants’ body height, baseline body weight, current body weight, and goal body weight were recorded. These mea-sures were used to calculate 3 body mass indices (BMIs): baseline, current and goal BMI. Progress was calculated using the following formula: the difference between baseline and current BMI divided by the dif-ference between baseline and goal BMI, multiplied by 100. Pearson correlation was used for data analysis.

Results and discussion The results show that participants who made more progress in reducing their body weight had better body image, r = .27, p < .01, and less social physique anxiety, r = -.24, p < .01. Also, they displayed more inte-grated regulation , r = .20, p < .01, and more self-determined behaviours in the context of exercise, r = .18, p < .01. Self-esteem and psychological well-being, as more stable personality dispositions, were not related to BMR progress.

ConclusionGiven these results, we conclude that intermediate and internal types of motivation should be supported in participants, and positive effects of BMR programs on body perception emphasized to participants in order to increase BMR program effectiveness.

Key words: psychological well-being, self-esteem, body image, exercise motivation, body mass reduction programs

ReferencesCampbell, A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2009). Effects of exercise interventions on body image: A meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psy-chology, 14(6), 780-793.Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N., Mata, J., Palmeira, A. L., & Markland, D. (2012). Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 9-22.

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UDK: 796:613.25

POVEZANOST TELESNIH I PSIHOLOŠKIH PROMENA KOD UČESNIKA PROGRAMA ZA REDUKCIJU TELESNE MASE

Božica Stefanović, Ana Orlić, Marija ČolićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Istraživanja ukazuju da programi za redukciju telesne mase imaju pozitivne efekte na fiziološki i psihološki status osobe. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita povezanost napretka ispitanika koji pohađaju program za redukciju telesne mase sa njihovim psihološkim dobrostanjem, samopoštovanjem, doživljajem tela i mo-tivacijom za vežbanje.

Metod Na uzorku od 180 učesnika programa za redukciju telesne mase „Morphosis“ koji su se nalazili u različitim fazama programa u trenutku testiranja primenjeni su instrumenti za merenje Psihološkog dobrostanja (Psy-chological wellbeing, Ryff, 1989), Samopoštovanja (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965), Slike tela (Body Image Questionnaire, Koleck, et al., 2002), Socijalne anksioznosti zbog izgleda (Social Physique Anxiety Scale, Hart et al., 1989) i Motivacije za vežbanje (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, Mark-land & Tobin, 2004). Pored toga, postavljena su pitanja o telesnoj visini i telesnoj masi ispitanika na početku programa, u trenutku testiranja, kao i o ciljanoj telesnoj masi. Na osnovu ovih podataka izračunate su tri varijable: početni, trenutni i ciljani indeks telesne mase (ITI). Napredak ispitanika je izračunat po formuli: razlika početnog i trenutnog ITM/razlika početnog i ciljanog ITM*100. Za obradu podataka primenjena je korelaciona analiza.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati korelacione analize su pokazali da ispitanici koji su više napredovali u pogledu gubitka telesne mase imaju pozitivniju sliku tela, r = .27, p < .01, manju socijalnu anksioznost zbog izgleda, r = -.24, p < .01, veću integrisanu regulaciju, r = .20, p < .01 i veći stepen samodeterminisanog ponašanja u vežbanju, r = .18, p < .01. Psihološko dobrostanje i samopoštovanje, kao stabilnije dispozicije ličnosti, nisu pokazali povezanost sa napretkom ispitanika.

Zaključak Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da u cilju efikasnije redukcije telesne mase treba kod vežbača razvijati prelazne i unutrašnje oblike motivacije za vežbanje i ukazivati na pozitivne efekte programa na njihov telesni status.

Ključne reči: psihološko dobrostanje, samopoštovanje, doživljaj tela, motivacija za vežbanje, programi za redukciju telesne mase

LiteraturaCampbell, A., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2009). Effects of exercise interventions on body image: A meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psy-chology, 14(6), 780-793.Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N., Mata, J., Palmeira, A. L., & Markland, D. (2012). Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 9-22.

21

UDK: 796:069.7

THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT - THE ROLE OF THE ACADEMIC MUSEUM

Ivana MitrovićMuseum of Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction The history and philosophy of sciences (HPS), focusing on the progressions of science and construction of scientific knowledge, is significant for construction of academic identity in PES (physical education and sport) corpus of scientific disciplines. This paper addresses the role of the Museum of Faculty of sport and physical education in communicating HPS in PES field to academic and general public.

Method The relation between the PES in the context of HPS and Museum of Faculty of sport and physical education is tackled through theoretical perspectives on HPS and academic heritage, while in terms of interpretation, the functional and the comparative method were applied.

Results and discussion According to Holton (Holton, 2000) artifacts related to science are residues of physical actions of doing sci-ence while separation between culture and scientific knowledge leads to terrifying effects of bewilderment and homelessness. If we apply this approach to our collections, it will provide us with possibility to contex-tualize the heritage and to articulate the HPS in the PES field.

Conclusion The simultaneous development of the Faculty and the Museum reflects on history of sciences in PES. Thus, the Museum represents a vital tool in researching and presenting the history of PES sciences to academic and public community. Continuity in preserving and documenting the academic heritage, enables the mu-seum to act as voice opposing the pseudoscience and the one promoting scientific heritage.

Key words: history, science, museums

ReferencesHolton, G. J. (2000). Einstein, history, and other passions: the rebellion against science at the end of the twentieth century, Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Lourenço, M. (2005). Between two worlds: The distinct nature and contemporary significance of university museums and collections in Europe, PhD dissertation. Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris.

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UDK: 796:069.7

ISTORIJA I FILOZOFIJA NAUKE U FIZIČKOM VASPITANJU I SPORTU – ULOGA AKADEMSKOG MUZEJA

Ivana MitrovićMuzej Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija

Uvod Istorija i filozofija nauka (IFN) koja se fokusira na razvoj nauke i izgradnju naučnog znanja je značajna za konstrukciju akademskog identiteta u korpusu naučnih disciplina u oblasti fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta. Ovaj rad se bavi ulogom Muzeja Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u predstavljanju istorije i filozofije nauka u oblasti fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta akademskoj i široj javnosti.

MetodaOdnos između fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta u kontekstu istorije i filozofije nauka i Muzeja Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja sagledan je kroz teorijske percepcije koje se odnose na IFN i akademsko nasleđe. Za potrebe interpretacije, korišćene su funkcionalna i komparativna metoda.

Rezultati i diskusija Prema Holtonu (Holton, 2000) predmeti koji su u vezi sa naukom su zapravo tragovi fizičkih aktivnosti bavljen-ja naukom, dok odvojenost između kulture i naučnog znanja neminovno vodi ka zastrašujućoj dezorijentaciji i lutanju. Ukoliko primenimo ovaj pristup na naše zbirke, to će nam omogućiti da kontekstualizujemo nasleđe i da na ovaj način artikulišemo pravce iz istorije i filozofije nauka u oblasti fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta.

Zaključak Simultani razvoj Fakulteta i Muzeja reflektuje se i na istoriju nauka u fizičkom vaspitanju i sportu. Stoga, Muzej predstavlja izvanredno važan alat u istraživanju i predstavljanju istorije nauka u fizičkom vaspitanju i sportu akademskoj i široj publici. Кontinuitet u očuvanju i dokumentovanju akademskog nasleđa omogućava Muze-ju da deluje kao glas protiv pseudonauke i kao glas koji promoviše naučno nasleđe.

Кljučne reči: istorija, nauka, muzeji

LiteraturaHolton, G. J. (2000). Einstein, history, and other passions: the rebellion against science at the end of the twentieth century, Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Lourenço, M.( 2005). Between two worlds: The distinct nature and contemporary significance of university museums and collections in Europe, PhD dissertation. Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris

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UDK: 796-055.1/.3

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SPORT AND RECREATIONAL PREFERENCES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Josip Cvenić, Ena CrnojaFaculty of education, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

IndroductionImplementation of sport recreation activities in university curricula is an important issue consider-ing its importance in creating a fully developed personality and its impact on participation in sport and physical activity during the entire life. Considering the fact that PE curricula in higher education is realized in accordance with students’ interests and needs, we were interested in possible gen-der differences in student’s preferences toward sport recreational activities.

MethodThe research was realized on a sample of 69 female and 53 male students of the first two year of study (age=19.19 ± 0.85 years) from the field of mathematics. Sport and recreation preferences of students was estimated with Questionnaire for Sport and Recreation Preferences (Jurakić, 2009). This study examined the gender differences using basic descriptive statistics parameters and one-way ANOVA.

Results and discussion The results of this study demonstrated significant difference in obtained mean values between the genders (p<0.00). The obtained results suggest on differences related to selection of current and preferred activities, number of workouts per week, amount of money willing to spend in sport and recreational activities.

Conclusion In accordance with the results of this study, obtained results suggest the directions and possibil-ities for future interventions in current subject and its design according to the students’ interests and needs.

Key words: university students, sport, recreation, preferences

ReferencesAndrijašević, M., Paušić, J., Bavčević, T., & Ciliga, D. (2005). Participation in leisure activities and self-perception of health in the students of the University of Split. Kinesiology, 37(1), 21-31.Jurakić, D. (2009). Taxonomic Characteristics of Middle-aged Employed Population as a Basis for Development of Sport and Rec-reation Programs, Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of kinesiology, Zagreb.

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UDK: 796:159.923.5

THE EFFECT OF GAMES ON THE SOCIALIZATION OF EARLY SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS

Marjan Malcev; Metodi GlavcePedagogycal faculty „St. Kliment Ohridski“, Skopje, Macedonija

IntroductionThe top results in the educational process are due to the quality of the plan and the curriculum of the edu-cational contents and their relation. In order to develop such a program, it is necessary to take into account the abilities and requirements of the individual (student) and the teaching content as well as the actual state of the relative abilities and knowledge of the student and the class as a whole. Because of this situation, it is necessary to identify and monitor the morphological, functional, cognitive and psychosocial indicators that will enable successful diagnosis of the initial, transitional and final states of the educational process in order to achieve the desired outcome.

MethodA Survey (Likert-type) was applied to a sample of 50 teachers in grade school, consisting of 15 claims, which obtained the teacher’s view of the impact of elementary games on student socialization.For each applied variable, standard central and dispersion statistical parameters were calculated, as well as correlation anal-ysis.

Results and discussionThe analysis and interpretation of the basic statistical indicators as a whole, and in the context of the re-search, indicate that the applied assessment tool for depicting the attitudes indicates an acceptable distri-bution of individual results around the respective central parameters.The results obtained by applying the attitudes in the inventory indicate an acceptable distribution of data. With the correlational analysis we seek to determine the interrelationships of the variable items that treat the teachers’ attitudes about the impact of elementary games on socialization of early-school students in Skopje.

ConclusionFrom the above we can deduce that games have a considerable impact on the socialization between stu-dents. We can also conclude that the parameters are defined in the game’s contribution to the socialization of students in early school age. The realization of the quantitative analysis’s results of the attitudes of the teachers in the primary schools in Skopje regarding the attitudes about the influence of the game on the socialization of the pupils of the early school age are positive.

Key words: education, teachers, sociology, games

References Drew Faust, D. ( 2014). See, Compare, Reason, Decide. Harvard Magazine. http://harvardmagazine.com/Murphy, R. (2013). Improving sociability trough education. United Kingdom, The Sutton Trust.

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MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY TRAITS OF ROWERS

Mladen MarinovićFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia

Introduction “Personality represents those characteristics of the person that account for consistent patterns of behavior (Pervin, 1993)”. The purpose of the study was to examine motivation and personality traits of competitive rowers.

Method During the last 25 years, 63 male members of rowing club Neptun (Dubrovnik, Croatia), who competed at National Championships in junior and senior category, completed three tests: General achievement mo-tivation questionnaire (GAM) with subscales: positive (GAMP) and negative emotional reaction (GAMN), Sport achievement motivation questionnaire (SAM) with subscales: positive (SAMP) and negative (SAMN) emotional reaction and Eysenck’s personality questionnaire (EPQ) with subscales: extraversion (EPQE), neuroticism (EPQN), psychoticism (EPQP) and dissimulation (EPQL).

Results and discussionMale rowers were M = 16.63, SD = 1.27 years old. According to the results of descriptive statistics, they were of similar characteristics to young men of the same age (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1994). The analysis of the intercorrelation matrix revealed that the EPQN correlates significantly and positively with GAMN (r = .542, p < .05) and SAMN (r = .576, p < .05), while negatively correlating with SAMP (r = -.310, p < .05). EPQE correlates significantly and negatively with SAMN (r = -.359, p < .05) and GAMN (r = -.250, p < .05) as well as with EPQL (r = -.276, p < .05). EPQL correlates negatively with EPQP (r = -.444, p < .05) and EPQE (r = -.276, p < .05), and positively with GAM (r = .369, p < .05) and SAM (r = .294, p < .05).

Conclusion Knowledge of the characteristics of the motivation and personality traits of the athlete significantly helps in the treatment of athletes. The observed set of young rowers is no different from other peers, so it should be viewed in analogy.

Key words: rowing, motivation, personality

References Eysenck, H.J. and Eysenck, S.B.G. (1994). Priručnik Eysenckov upitnik ličnosti (djeca i odrasli). Naklada Slap Pervin, L. (1993). Personality theory and research. New York, Wiley

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JUST DANCE! THE INFLUENCE OF SALSA CLASSES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, EMOTIONAL STATUS, AND PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT

Nemanja Rebić; Marija Čolić; Ana OrlićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Introduction Previous studies indicate that dancing as a psychological intervention leads to improvement in various aspects of psychological status in vulnerable populations of adolescents, adults and the elderly. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of attending a three-month salsa program on self-esteem, psychological well-being, positive and negative emotional states and physical self-concept in the general population.

Method 75 attendants (age M=31.63) of introductory salsa classes completed questionnaires for assessing self-es-teem (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965), psychological well-being (Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Ryff, 1989), positive and negative emotions (I-PANAS-SF, Thompson, 2007), depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and physical self-concept (Physical Self Description Questionnaire, Marsh et al., 2010). 20 participants who continued attending salsa classes were re-assessed after three months. Factorial and repeated measures ANOVAs were used for data analysis.

Results and discussionFactorial ANOVAs indicate that there were no differences in initial assessment between participants who continued attending salsa classes after 3 months versus those who dropped out in any of the measures. Re-garding the effects of dancing, repeated measures ANOVAs indicate that after attending salsa classes, par-ticipants experienced less negative emotions compared to initial testing (F(1, 19)=5.33, p< 05, η2=.22), but there were no differences in the rest of the measures of psychological status. Regarding physical self-con-cept, participants showed improvement in self-reported coordination (F(1, 19)=8.50, p<.01, η2=.31), gen-eral physical activity (F(1, 19)=13.05, p< 01, η2=.41), strength (F(1, 19)=4.67, p<.05, η2=.20) and flexibility (F(1, 19)=15.36, p< 01, η2=.45).

Conclusion We can conclude that attending salsa classes in the general population influences the emotional status by decreasing negative emotions and improves specific aspects of physical self-concept that are related to the physical and motor demands of dancing classes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different types of dance are needed to evaluate the reliability and specificity of the effects of dancing in adult mem-bers of the general population.

Key words: psychological well-being, emotional status, physical self-concept, dance groups

ReferencesMala, A., Karkou, V., & Meekums, B. (2012). Dance/Movement Therapy (D/MT) for depression: A scoping review. The Arts in Psy-chotherapy, 39(4), 287-295.Burkhardt, J., & Brennan, C. (2012). The effects of recreational dance interventions on the health and well-being of children and young people: A systematic review. Arts & Health, 4(2), 148-161.Burkhardt, J., & Brennan, C. (2012). The effects of recreational dance interventions on the health and well-being of children and young people: A systematic review. Arts & Health, 4(2), 148-161.

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JUST DANCE! ISPITIVANJE UTICAJA ČASOVA SALSE NA PSIHOLOŠKO DOBROSTANJE, EMOCIONALNI STATUS I FIZIČKO SAMOPOIMANJE

Nemanja Rebić; Marija Čolić; Ana OrlićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Istraživanja ukazuju da uključivanje u plesne grupe kao oblika psiholoških intervencija vodi poboljšanju ra-zličitih aspekata psihološkog statusa u ranjivim populacijama adolescenata, odraslih i starijih. Cilj istraživan-ja bio je ispitati uticaj pohađanja tromesčnih časova salse na samopoštovanje, psihološko dobrostanje, pozitivna i negativna emocionalna stanja i fizičko samopoimanje na opštoj populaciji odraslih.

Metod Na uzorku od 75 polaznika (uzrast M=31.63) uvodnih časova škole salse primenjeni su upitnici za merenje samopoštovanja (Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965), psihološkog dobrostanja (Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Ryff, 1989), pozitivnih i negativnih emocija (I-PANAS-SF, Thompson, 2007), depresivnosti, anksiozno-sti i stresa (DASS-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) i upitnik fizičkog samopoimanja (Physical Self Description Questionnaire, Marsh et al., 2010). Nakon tri meseca, 20 polaznika koji su se zadržali na časovima salse ponovo su testirani istim upitnicima. Za obradu podataka korišćena je ANOVA za ponovljena i neponovljena merenja.

Rezultati sa diskusijom ANOVA za neponovljena merenja pokazala je da u inicijalnom testiranju ne postoji razlika ni na jednoj od korišćenih mera između ispitanika koji su se nakon 3 meseca zadržali na časovima salse i onih koji su od časova odustali. Po pitanju efektata plesa, ANOVA za ponovljena merenja pokazala je da nakon pohađanja časova salse ispitanici doživljavaju manje negativnih emocija u odnosu na početno testiranje (F(1, 19)=5.33, p< 05, η2=.22), dok na preostalim merama psihološkog statusa ne postoje razlike. Na merama fizičkog samopoimanja, ispitanici pokazuju napredak u samoproceni koordinacije (F(1, 19)=8.50, p<.01, η2=.31), opšte fizičke aktivnosti (F(1, 19)=13.05, p< 01, η2=.41), snage (F(1, 19)=4.67, p<.05, η2=.20) i fleksibilnosti (F(1, 19)=15.36, p< 01, η2=.45).

Zaključak Može se zaključiti da pohađanje časova salse u opštoj populaciji utiče na emocionalni status ispitanika umanjivanjem negativnih emocija, kao i na specifične aspekte fizičkog samopoimanja koji su povezani sa fizičko-motoričkim zahtevima sadržaja časova plesa. Potrebna su dalja istraživanja na većim uzorcima i dru-gačijim vrstama plesa kako bi se ispitala pouzdanost i specifičnost efekata plesa kod odraslih pripadnika opšte populacije.

Ključne reči: psihološko dobrostanje, emocionalni status, fizički self-koncept, plesne grupe

LiteraturaMala, A., Karkou, V., & Meekums, B. (2012). Dance/Movement Therapy (D/MT) for depression: A scoping review. The Arts in Psy-chotherapy, 39(4), 287-295.Burkhardt, J., & Brennan, C. (2012). The effects of recreational dance interventions on the health and well-being of children and young people: A systematic review. Arts & Health, 4(2), 148-161.

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SOCIOLOGY OF FOOTBALL AS A SPECIAL SOCIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE AND AN EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT

Sandra Radenović1, Ivana Milovanović21 University of Belgrade Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionIt is considered that sociology of sport has emerged from the sociology of leisure as a special sociological discipline and has continued its further development (Young, 2016; Milovanović, Radenović, 2018). The paper considers the importance of the founding of the sociology of football as a young special sociology created by the development and differentiation of the sociology of sport as a special sociological discipline. The sociology of football is a young sociological discipline which, for the subject of consideration, has a complex relationship between society and football as the most popular sport through the history of sport and beyond, through the history of physical culture. This paper deals with the possibility of studying the sociolo-gy of football as an educational subject within the curriculum of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade and the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Novi Sad, as well as within the curriculum of similar faculties.

MethodThe method of theoretical analysis was used in the paper.

Results and DiscussionOne of the goals of the sociology of football as an educational subject is critical thinking about numerous aspects of the relationship between society and football in the modern world and throughout the history of sport. Through the analysis of sociological concepts within the sociology of sport and the sociology of football, future professors of physical education and coaches will have the opportunity to acquire relevant knowledge and orientations in the critical thinking of football as undoubtedly the most popular sport and one of the more significant social phenomena.

ConclusionAs a young sociological discipline, the sociology of football offers the acquisition of knowledge about the complex and very significant area of the interweaving of society and football as the most popular sport in the modern world. The knowledge gained within the styding of the sociology of football as an educational subject enables future professors of physical education and coaches to recognize the importance of basic concepts and theoretical approaches regarding the consideration of the connection and interrelationship between society and sport, and society and football as the most popular sport today and through the history of sports and physical culture. This course can properly prepare the students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education and similar faculties to successfully deal with the issues of interrelationship and perme-ation of different social spheres and football, both during their studies and in future scientific research work.

Key words: Sociology of sport, sociology of football, educational subject

ReferencesMilovanović, Ivana, Radenović, Sandra (2018). Sociologija sporta – mogućnosti daljeg razvoja dicipline, Zbornik apstrakata sa Međunarodne naučne konferencije „Sociologija u XXI veku: Izazovi i perspektive“. Beograd: Srpsko sociološko društvo, Niš: Filozof-ski fakultet: 54–56.Young, Kevin (2016). Sociology of Sport: A Global Subdiscipline in Review. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

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SOCIOLOGIJA FUDBALA KAO POSEBNA SOCIOLOŠKA DISCIPLINA I NASTAVNI PREDMET

Sandra Radenović1; Ivana Milovanović21 Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija 2 Univerzitet u Novom Sadu Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Novi Sad, Srbija

Uvod Smatra se da je sociologija sporta proizašla iz sociologije slobodnog vremena kao posebne sociološke dis-cipline i nastavila svoj dalji razvoj (Young, 2016; Milovanović, Radenović, 2018). U radu se razmatra značaj formiranja sociologije fudbala kao mlade posebne sociologije nastale razvojem i diferenciranjem sociologije sporta kao posebne sociološke discipline. Sociologija fudbala je mlada sociološka disciplina koja za pred-met izučavanja ima kompleksan odnos društva i fudbala kao najpopularnijeg sporta kroz istoriju sporta i šire, kroz istoriju fizičke kulture. U radu se posebno obrađuje mogućnost izučavanja sociologije fudbala kao predmeta u okviru nastave Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu i Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Novom Sadu kao i u okviru nastave srodnih fakulteta.

Metod U radu je primenjen metod teorijske analize.

Rezultati i diskusija Jedan od ciljeva sociologije fudbala kao nastavnog predmeta jeste kritičko razmišljanje o brojnim aspektima međusobnog odnosa društva i fudbala u savremenom svetu i kroz istoriju sporta. Kroz analizu socioloških pojmova u okviru sociologije sporta i sociologije fudbala, budućim nastavnicima fizičkog vaspitanja i trener-ima omogućava se sticanje relevantnih saznanja, ali i orijentacija u kritičkom promišljanju fudbala kao ne-sumnjivo najpopularnijeg sporta i jednog od značajnijih društvenih fenomena.

Zaključak Kao mlada sociološka disciplina, sociologija fudbala nudi sticanje znanja o kompleksnoj i veoma značajnoj oblasti prožimanja društva i fudbala kao najpopularnijeg sporta u savremenom svetu. Znanje stečeno u okvi-ru izučavanja sociologije fudbala kao nastavnog predmeta omogućava budućim profesorima fizičkog vaspi-tanja i trenerima prepoznavanje značaja osnovnih pojmova i teorijskih pristupa koji se odnose na promišl-janje povezanosti i međusobnog odnosa društva i sporta, odnosno društva i fudbala kao najpopularnijeg sporta danas i kroz istoriju sporta i fizičke kulture. Ovaj nastavni predmet može valjano pripremiti studente Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja i srodnih fakulteta za uspešno bavljenje pitanjima međusobnog odnosa i prožimanja različitih društvenih sfera i fudbala, kako tokom studija, tako i budućem naučno-istraživačkom radu.

Ključne reči: Sociologija sporta, sociologija fudbala, nastavni predmet

Literatura Milovanović, Ivana, Radenović, Sandra (2018). Sociologija sporta – mogućnosti daljeg razvoja dicipline, Zbornik apstrakata sa Međunarodne naučne konferencije „Sociologija u XXI veku: Izazovi i perspektive“. Beograd: Srpsko sociološko društvo, Niš: Filozof-ski fakultet: 54–56.Young, Kevin (2016). Sociology of Sport: A Global Subdiscipline in Review. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

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SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH THE HISTORY OF SPORTS

Violeta ŠiljakEuropean Center for Peace and Development UN University for Peace, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionAs the history of sport is an interdisciplinary subject, in addition to subject-oriented scientific institutions, there is a wide variety of those institutions that have points of contact with the history of sport. Some of the major institutions were selected to highlight their work and contribution to shedding light on historical facts during the research.

MethodIn this research, in addition to the scientific methods used in history research, were used the methods of theoretical analysis and methods which logically harmonize the data collected on the phenomenon under study.

Results and discussionIn Serbia, there are several state and private faculties of sports orientation that, like the world-wide ones, study the subject of sports history (physical culture) in their curriculum. However, in addition to faculties, institutes and archives, museums are institutions where much can be learned about the development of sports throughout history. Whether they are outdoors (Olympia, Rome) or indoors (permanent settings), or are virtual, it is evident that they are interesting to the masses as well, so they are included in numerous tourist offers among other things.

ConclusionMuseums, as cultural and scientific institutions, are of great importance for researchers in the field of sports history and, unlike the world, are not sufficiently used for educational purposes in our region.

Key words: history, science, museums, sports

ReferencesLazović, Ž., Mitrović, D. i Mitrović, I. (2017). Univerzitetsko nasleđe Srbije. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu. [University Heritage of Serbia. Belgrade: University of Belgrade.]Njegovan, D., Mustedanagić, L. (2016). Vodič kroz muzeje Srbije. Novi Sad: Muzejsko društvo Srbije. [A guide through the museums of Serbia. Novi Sad: Museum Society of Serbia.

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NAUČNE USTANOVE I ORGANIZACIJE KOJE SE BAVE ISTORIJOM SPORTA

Violeta ŠiljakEvropski centar za mir i razvoj Univerziteta za mir UN, Beograd, Srbija

UvodKako je istorija sporta interdisciplinarni predmet, tako je pored predmetno usko orijentisanih naučnih usta-nova, prisutna široka lepeza onih ustanova koje imaju dodirne tačke sa istorijom sporta. Izabrane su neke od značajnijih ustanova, da se ukaže na njihov rad i doprinos u rasvetljavanju istorijskih činjenica prilikom istraživanja.

MetodU ovom istraživanju su se pored nauĉnh metoda koje se koriste u istraživanjima u oblasti istorije, metode teori-jske analize, koristile metode kojima su se logiĉki doveli u sklad prikupljeni podaci o istraživanom fenomenu.

Rezultati i diskusijaU Srbiji postoji više državnih i privatnih fakulteta sportske orijentacije koji, poput svetskih, u svom nastavnom planu i programu izučavaju predmet istorija sporta (fizičke kulture). Međutim, pored fakulteta, instituta i arhi-va, muzeji su ustanove u kojima takođe može mnogo da se nauči o razvoju sporta kroz istoriju. Bilo da su na otvorenom (Olimpija, Rim) ili zatvorenom prostoru (stalne postavke), ili su virtuelni, evidentno je da su kako istraživačima iz struke, zanimljivi i širokim masama pa su između ostalog uvršćeni u mnogobrojne turističke ponude.

ZaključakMuzeji kao kulturne i naučne ustanove su od ogromnog značaja za istraživače u oblasti istorije sporta i za razliku od svetskih, na našim prostorima nisu dovoljno iskorišćeni u edukativnu svrhu.

Key words: istorija, nauka, muzeji, sport

LiteraturaLazović, Ž., Mitrović, D. i Mitrović, I. (2017). Univerzitetsko nasleđe Srbije. Beograd: Univerzitet u Beogradu.Njegovan, D., Mustedanagić, L. (2016). Vodič kroz muzeje Srbije. Novi Sad: Muzejsko društvo Srbije.

Methodological aspects in physical education, sport and

recreation

Metodološki aspekti istraživanja u fizičkom

vaspitanju, sportu i rekreaciji

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THE BEGINNING OF SKI TRAINING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Dragiša MladenovićŠkola skijanja „Kopaonik“, Kopaonik, Srbija

IntroductionThe researchs indicates that the motor space of children is less differentiated from the motor space of adults. The child‘s organism in the preschool age is characterized by a significant association of motor, cognitive and conative space, which is represented by the theory of integral development. Proper adoption of the ski-ing technique and its monitoring is one of the first conditions for detection and early guidance in competitive skiing.

MethodThis paper is of empirical character and is based on knowledge of previous research in the teaching meth-odology and ski training in children.

Results and discussionThe preschool age is a period of the most important changes of the morphological status and children`s organisms in that period show the biggest ability of adaptation on the effects of the outside environment and it is a period suitable for the start of children`s ski training. The beginning of ski training in children is determined by the child being capable of controlling its own moves. In that age children respond to physical activity with all their intellectual and conative capacities. Children have different capacities and they adapt differently and react to exercises and training tasks. With children of the same age there is a possibility of having large differences in morphological features, like in motor and functional capabilities because of the different speed of biological development, which come differently to expression in different development stages. This is why children of the same age adopt the skiing technique with different dynamics.

ConclusionThe period when ski training in children can begin is at the end of the second and beginning of the third year because in that period children already have a strong physiological connection between notice, by which the child can observe movement of other people and motor sensations with the sensation of balancing its own body. Considering that playing in that period is a component of the total activity of a child, playing is a convenient way for proper adoption of the skiing technique.

Key words: children, skiing, beginning of training

References Goršnik J. (2002). Neke od značajki programiranja rada s djecom predškolske dobi u alpskom skijanju. Zbornik radova 11. ljetne škole kineziologa Republike Hrvatske, Findak V. (ur.). Zagreb: Hrvatski kineziološki savez, 233-35.Kukolj M. (1999). Motoričke funkcije kao osnova za planiranje i programiranje nastave fizičkog vaspitanja. Nastava i vaspitanje, XLVIII (1-2), 133-140.

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POČETAK OBUKE SKIJANJA DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Dragiša MladenovićŠkola skijanja „Kopaonik“, Kopaonik, Srbija

UvodIstraživanja ukazuju da je motorički prostor dece slabije diferenciran od motoričkog prostora odraslih. Dečji organizam u periodu predškolskog uzrasta se odlikuje znatnom povezanošću motoričkog, kognitivnog i konativnog prostora, što je predstavljeno teorijom integralnog razvoja. Pravilno usvajanje tehnike skijanja i njeno praćenje je jedan od prvih preduslova detekcije i ranog usmeravanja u takmičarsko skijanje.

MetodRad je empirijskog karaktera i bazira se na teorijskim saznanjima iz oblasti metodike nastave u radu sa de-com i obuke osnovne tehnike skijanja.

Rezultati sa diskusijomPredškolski uzrast je period najburnijih promena morfološkog statusa i dečji organizam u tom periodu poka-zuje najveću sposobnost adaptacije na uticaje spoljašnje sredine i to je period pogodan za početak obuke skijanja dece. Početak obuke skijanja dece određen je time da dete mora da bude spremno da kontroliše sopstvene pokrete. Deca u tom uzrastu na fizičke aktivnosti reaguju svim svojim intelektualni i konativnim kapacitetima. Deca imaju drugačije kapacitete i drugačije se adaptiraju i reaguju na vežbanje i trenažne zadatke. Kod dece istog uzrasta mogu postojati velike razlike u morfološkim obeležjima, kao i motoričkim i funkcionalnim sposobnostima zbog različite brzine biološkog razvoja, koje različito dolaze do izražaja u različitim razvojnim fazama. Zbog toga deca istog uzrasta usvajaju tehniku skijanja različitom dinamikom.

Zaključak Pogodan period kada se može početi sa obukom skijanja kod dece je krajem druge i početkom treće godine jer u tom periodu počinje da se učvršćuje veza između opažaja, pomoću kojih dete zapaža kretanje drugih osoba i motoričkih osećaja sa osećajima ravnoteže sopstvenog tela. Obzirom da je u tom periodu igra sas-tavni deo ukupnih aktivnosti deteta, ona je pogodno sredstvo da se tehnika skijanja usvaja kroz igru.

Ključne reči: deca, skijanje, početak obuke

LiteraturaGoršnik J. (2002). Neke od značajki programiranja rada s djecom predškolske dobi u alpskom skijanju. Zbornik radova 11. ljetne škole kineziologa Republike Hrvatske, Findak V. (ur.). Zagreb: Hrvatski kineziološki savez, 233-35.Kukolj M. (1999). Motoričke funkcije kao osnova za planiranje i programiranje nastave fizičkog vaspitanja. Nastava i vaspitanje, XLVIII (1-2), 133-140.

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THE EFFECT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE OF MANIPULATIVE BILATERAL KINESIOLOGICAL TESTS IN SEVEN-YEAR-OLD BOYS

Franjo Lovrić; Ivana Kujundžić Lujan; Zoran Čuljak Faculty of science and education, University of Mostar

IntroductionThe importance of fundamental motor skills is reflected in the relationship with the anthropological status of children in the period of organized kinesiological activity (Mazzardo, 2008), resulting in more developed motor and functional skills (Sallis et al., 1999). In this study the relations of 3 bilateral tests assessing ma-nipulative motor skills (Lovrić et al., 2019) to some morphological characteristics will be determined through measures of longitudinal dimensionality, voluminosity, adipose fat tissue and transverse dimensionality.

MethodThe subject sample included N=43 boys whose chronological age was 7.34±0.53 years.The variable sam-ple included 8 measures of morphological characteristics (Body height; Body mass; Knee diameter left; Hand diameter left; Calf skinfold left; Triceps skinfold left; Calf circumference left; Mid-upper arm circum-ference left). To assess manipulative motor skills, three bilateral quantitative/qualitative tests will be used: Standing ball throwing, Bouncing the ball standing, and Dribbling the ball with the foot (Lovrić et al., 2019). Aside from the calculated descriptive indicators, the KS test was used to determine the normality of distri-bution in all the applied variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the total effect of mor-phological characteristics on each motor test, as well as partial effect of each morphological characteristic on test performance.

Results and discussion The results of descriptive statistics and distribution normality testing of morphological characteristics and bilateral tests assessing manipulative motor skills indicate that in the observed sample and the variables ap-plied, the result distribution does not deviate significantly from normal distribution. The regression analysis results of the effect of morphological characteristics on the quality of performance of bilateral motor tests for assessing manipulative motor skills indicate a lack of a statistically significant regression model, i.e., a lack of the effect of the observed morphological characteristics on performance of manipulative bilateral tests in the sample of boys.

Conclusion Based on the obtained results, it can be said that performance of bilateral manipulative motor tests on the subject employed sample does not depend on morphological characteristics. The small number of subjects is certainly one of the limiting factors of this study. Moreover, in future research it would be interesting to determine inter-relations between the applied variables on a sample of obese children.

Key words: FMS, morphological characteristics, children

References Lovric, F., Jelaska, I., Clark, C., Eyre, E., Miletic, D., & Mandic, P. (2019). Bilateral tests for the assessment of manipulative skills in children: development, reliability, and validity. Human Movement, 20(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2019.83991Mazzardo, Jr. O. (2008). The Relationship of Fundamental Movement Skills and Level of Physical Activity in Second Grade Children. Unpublished Doctorate, University of Pittsburgh.

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ANTHROPOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND RUNNING RESULTS AT 1500 METERS

Goran Bošnjak1; Vladimir Jakovljević1; Gorana Tešanović1; Branko Škof2 i Milinko Dabović3 1 University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionAnthropological characteristics have great influence on correctly selection and orientation towards certain athletic disciplines and we should pay more attention to those anthropological characteristics which are con-nected to final results. Of all the anthropol characteristics, which you can find in the nature of a sportsmen, the longitudinal and transverse dimensionality were analyzed in this work. The goal of the work was to estab-lish a certain relation between anthropometric dimensions and accomplished results of running at 1500m.

MethodsThe rating of the running results on 1500m was accomplished on an athletic stadium which fulfills all the con-ditions for a valid measuring of time and distance, the result was measured manually. The anthropometrical status of the examinee was accomplished according to an international biological program, with following in-strumentarium: anthropometer on Martin, sliding divider, metallic measuring tape, and pelvimeter on Martin. The examinee were 16 years (+/- 6 months), male, in total 214, which were divided in two groups, which had values of anthropometrical measures under and over average values of all the results. For the interpretation of the data and the results comparative statistics and the statistical program SPSS (version 17.0) were used.

Results and discussionObtained results have shown that examinee with higher values of longitudinal dimensionality accomplished better results in running at 1500 meters. Examinees with higher body height accomplished better results in running at 1500 meters for 6,04%, length of the leg for 6,71%, length of the thigh and lower leg for 5,54%, respectively for 0,52%. Research results show on that the examinees with lower values of transverse dimen-sionality established better results in running at 1500 meters. Examinees with smaller width of the pelvis accomplished better results for 3,81%, with knee joint diameter for 2,42%, ankle joint diameter and less foot width for 8,86% and 5,22%.

ConclusionGiven results show us that certain anthropometric measurements (longitudinal and transversal) are in high correlation with the results of running at 1500 meters. It can be assumed that runners with higher measure-ments values of height, legs, thigh, lower leg, and foot length will get better results in running at 1500 meters. The results of this research are the opposite of the assumption of the value of the transverse dimensionality namely they indicate on the possibility. It’s assumed that runners with fewer measurements values of trans-versal dimensionality (crystalline range, knee, and ankle joint diameter, width of the foot) can get better results in running at 1500 meters.

Key words: athletics, middle distance running, selection, morphological characteristics

ReferencesMilanović, I., Milanović, D., & Harasin, D. (2013). Differences between best olympic results and best world athletics events’ throws women accomplished in the olympic games’ years. Acta Kinesiologica 7(2) 12-18.Raković, A., Savanović, V., Stanković, D., Pavlović, R., Simeonov, A., Petković, E. (2015). Analysis of the elite athlete’s somatotypes. Acta Kinesiologica 9(1) 47-53.

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RELACIJE ANTROPOMETRIJE I REZULTATA TRČANJA NA 1500 METARA

Goran Bošnjak1; Vladimir Jakovljević1; Gorana Tešanović1; Branko Škof2 i Milinko Dabović31 Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina2 Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport, Ljubljana, Slovenija3 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Antropološko obilježje ima veliki značaj u pravilnoj selekciji i orijentaciji prema određenim atletskim disci-plinama i veću pažnju treba posvetiti onim antropološkim karakteristikama koje su povezane sa konačnim rezultatom. Od svih antropoloških karakteristika koje se nalaze u prirodi samog sportiste, u ovom radu su analizirane longitudinalna i transverzalna dimenzionalnost. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrde određene relacije između antropometrijskih dimenzija i ostvarenog rezultata trčanja na 1500 metara.

MetodProcjena rezultata trčanja na 1500 metara je izvršena na atletskom stadionu koji ispunjava sve uslove za validno mjerenje vremena i distance, rezultat je mjeren ručno. Antropometrijski status ispitanika izvršen je prema Internacionalnom biološkom programu, sa sljedećim instrumentarijumom: antropometar po Martinu, klizni šestar, metalna mjerna traka i pelvimetar po Martinu. Ispitanici su bili uzrasne dobi (16 godina +/- 6 mjeseci), muškog pola, ukupno 214, koji su bili podjeljen u dvije grupe, koje su imale vrijednosti antropo-metrijskih mjera ispod i iznad prosječnih vrijednosti svih rezultata. Za obradu podataka i dobijanje rezultata korištena je komparativna statistika i statistički program SPSS (verzija 17.0).

Rezultati sa diskusijom Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su ispitanici sa većim vrijednostima longitudinalnih dimenzionalnosti ostvari-li i bolje rezultate u trčanju na 1500 metara. Ispitanici sa većom tjelesnom visinom su ostvarili bolje rezultate trčanja na 1500m za 6,04%, dužinom noge za 6,71%, dužinom natkoljenice i potkoljenice za 5,54%, odnos-no za 0,52%. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da su ispitanici sa manjim vrijednostima transverzalnih di-menzionalnosti, ostvarili bolje rezultate u trčanju na 1500 metara. Ispitanici sa manjim bikristalnim rasponom su ostvarili bolje rezultate za 3,81%, dijametrom zgloba koljena za 2,42%, dijametrom skočnog zgloba i manjom širinom stopala za 8,86% i 5,22%.

ZaključakDobijeni rezultati upućuju na to da su određene antropometrijske mjere (longitudinalne i transverzalne) u velikoj korelaciji sa rezultatom trčanja na 1500 metara. Može se pretpostaviti da će takmičari sa većim vri-jednostima tjelesne visine, dužine noge, dužine natkoljenice, dužine potkoljenice i dužine stopala, ostvariti bolje rezultate u trčanju na 1500 metara. Podaci istraživanja potpuno suprotno upućuju na vrijednosti trans-verzalne dimenzionalnosti, odnosno, pretpostavlja se da takmičari sa manjom vrijednosti transverzalne di-menzionalnosti (bikristalni raspon, dijametar zgloba koljena i skočnog zgloba, širina stopala), mogu ostvariti bolje rezultate u trčanju na 1500 metara.

Ključne reči: atletika, trčanje na srednjim distancama, selekcija, morfoloske karakteristike

LiteraturaMilanović, I., Milanović, D., & Harasin, D. (2013). Differences between best olympic results and best world athletics events’ throws women accomplished in the olympic games’ years. Acta Kinesiologica 7(2) 12-18.Raković, A., Savanović, V., Stanković, D., Pavlović, R., Simeonov, A., Petković, E. (2015). Analysis of the elite athletes somatotypes. Acta Kinesiologica 9(1) 47-53.

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ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR ABILITIES IN 13-15 YEAR OLD FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Daliborka Stanković1; Goran Nešić2; Nikola Majstorović21 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education

IntroductionIn volleyball, as in all other sports activities, there is no technical element that can be properly performed without adequate motor skills, nor can motor skills be fully manifested without optimal morphological fea-tures. The aim of this research is to present and analyze those anthropometric characteristics and motor skills of volleyball players aged 13-15 years, which are most needed in volleyball.

MethodThe method used is empirical. Statistical procedures for data processing are descriptive statistics (min, max, stdev, skewness, kurtosis, mean, cv). The sample consisted of 39 female volleyball players of volleyball school „DIF“ aged 13-15. For the measurement of anthropometric characteristics Martin anthropometer was used, and for the measurement of BMI and body composition – transportable scales – tannite. For the arm span we used a tape measure. Assessment of motor skills was performed using: Fmax, RFDmax, tFmax, tRFDmax, Sit and Reach, Shoulder flexibility test with stick, Medicine ball throw, Counter-movement jump, X test.

Results and discussionThe least deviation from the mean was obtained for the variable muscle percentage. Also, by increasing body height, there is a proportional increase in arm span, and the variable arm span in some cases even exceeds body height. The coefficient of variation of the hand grip indicates very homogeneous results for most variables. The lowest coefficient of variation was obtained in the agility test and the highest one in the flexibility test.

ConclusionThe motor skills of the tested volleyball sample are well developed when analyzed in the context of previous studies for similar age categories.

Key words: volleyball, motor skill, anthropometric features, basketball players, swimmers

ReferencesNesic, G. (2002). Osnovi antropomotorike. Standard 2. Beograd: Sportska akademija.Nesic, G., Ilic, D., Majstorovic, N., Grbic, V., i Osmankac, N. (2013). Uticaj treninga na opšte i specifične motoričke sposobnosti odbojkašica uzrasta 13-15 godina. SportLogia 9 (2). 119-127.

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PROFIL ANTROPOMETRIJSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA I MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI ODBOJKAŠICA UZRASTA 13-15 GODINA

Daliborka Stanković1; Goran Nešić2; Nikola Majstorović21 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet2 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja

UvodU odbojci, kao i u svim drugim sportskim aktivnostima, ne postoji tehnički element koji se može valjano iz-vesti bez adekvatnih motoričkih sposobnosti, niti se motorička sposobnost može u punoj meri ispoljiti bez optimalnih morfoloških osobina. Cilj ovog istraživanja je prikaz i analiza onih antropometrijskih karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti odbojkašica uzrasta 13-15 godina koje su najviše potrebne u odbojkaškoj igri.

MetodMetod korišćen u radu je empirijskog karaktera. Statistička procedura za obradu podataka je deskriptivna statistika (min, max, stdev, skewness, kurtosis, mean, cv). Uzorak je činilo 39 odbojkašica škole odbojke “DIF”, uzrasta 13-15 godina. Za merenje antropometrijskih karakteristika korišćen je antropometar po Mar-tinu, a za merenje BMI i merenje telesne kompozicije je korišćena transportabilna vaga – tanita. Za merenje raspona ruku je korišćen metar. Procena motoričkih sposobnosti je vršena pomoću varijabli: Fmax, RFDmax, tFmax, tRFDmax, pretklon u sedu, iskret palicom, bacanje medicinke, skok iz počučnja, X test.

Rezultati sa diskusijomNajmanje odstupanje od srednje vrednosti se dobilo za varijablu procenta mišića. Takođe, povećanjem tele-sne visine, proporcionalno dolazi i do povećanja raspona ruku, pa varijabla raspon ruku u nekim slučajevima premašuje telesnu visinu. Koeficijent varijacije stiska šake ukazuje na veoma homogene rezultate za većinu varijabli. Najmanji koeficijent varijacije je dobijen u testu agilnosti, a najveći u testu fleksibilnosti.

Zaključak Motoričke sposobnosti ispitivanog uzorka odbojkašica su dobro razvijene, kada se posmatraju u kontekstu prethodnih istraživanja sličnih uzrasnih kategorija.

Ključne reči: odbojka, motoričke sposobnosti, antropometrijske osobine, košarkašice, plivačice

LiteraturaNešić, G. (2002). Osnovi antropomotorike. Standard 2. Beograd: Sportska akademija.Nešić, G., Ilić, D., Majstorović, N., Grbić, V., i Osmankač, N. (2013). Uticaj treninga na opšte i specifične motoričke sposobnosti odbojkašica uzrasta 13-15 godina. SportLogia 9 (2). 119-127.

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CORELATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT BALANCE TESTS ON THE BIODEX BALANCE SYSTEM

Josip Lukač1; Marin Barišić1; Miodrag Spasić1

1 Faculty of Kinesiology University of Split, Split, Croatia

IntroductionBiodex Balance System (BBS) is a reliable device for measuring balance (Arifin, 2014). This paper tried to determine whether there was a correlation between performance in BBS tests under different conditions. For that purpose visual inputs were changed in each test while the test duration and level of instability of the BBS platform remained unchanged. HTC Vive was used to display virtual reality environment.

MethodThe sample consisted of 12 students from the University of Split, average age 21.25±1.14 years, body height 185.42±5.18 cm and body weight 82.57±8.37 kg. Six tests were applied, each lasting 90 seconds and the instability level of the BBS platform was set to 6. The tests differed in: 1. the subject maintains balance with the eyes open and the BBS screen covered, 2. the subject maintains balance with eyes open and can see the current position of his center of mass on the BBS screen, 3. the subject maintains balance with eyes open and sees a false current position of his center of mass on the BBS screen, 4. the subject maintains balance with his eyes closed, 5. the subject maintains balance with his eyes open in static virtual reality en-vironment, 6. the subject maintains balance with his eyes open in dynamic virtual reality environment.

Results and discussionIt is important to note that none of the participants finished test number 6, so this test was not included in the statistical analysis. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed the normal distribution of test results across all other tests. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant correlation (r = 0.7) between tests 2 and 3. The correlations between other tests indicate that different types of balance could be represented in every test. In their study (Wiszomirska, 2019), Wiszomirska and co-authors investigated different conditions during balance testing, including open and closed eyes, and found that balance with closed eyes was much more difficult to maintain, so it was expected that in this paper there would be no correlation between test number 4 and other tests.

ConclusionAmong the tests used in this study, a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.7) was found only between tests 2 and 3. It can be concluded that the tests used here measure different types of balance and do not affect each other, except tests 2 and 3 in which it is obviously irrelevant to the subjects whether they are looking at the true or false position of their center of mass during the test.

Key words: Biodex Balance System, balance, virtual reality

ReferencesArifin, N., Abu Osman, NA., Abas, WA. (2014). Intrarater Test-Retest Reliability of Static and Dynamic Stability Indexes Measurement Using the Biodex Stability System During Unilateral Stance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30 (2), 300-304.Wiszomirska, I., Iwańska, D., Tabor, P., Karczewska-Lindinger, M., Urbanik, C., Mastalerz, A. (2019). Postural stability pattern as an important safety factor of firefighters. Work, 62 (3), 469-476

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KORELACIJE IZMEĐU RAZLIČITIH TESTOVA RAVNOTEŽE NA BIODEX BALANCE SISTEMUJosip Lukač1; Marin Barišić1; Miodrag Spasić11 Kineziološki fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu, Split, Hrvatska

UvodBiodex Balance System (BBS) je pouzdan uređaj za merenje ravnoteže (Arifin, 2014). U ovom radu pokušalo se utvrditi postoji li povezanost između izvedbi testova na BBS-u u različitim uslovima. U tu svrhu u svakom testu se menjalo vizuelne uslove dok su vreme trajanja testa i nivo nestabilnosti platforme ostajali nepromen-jeni. Za prikaz virtuelne realnosti koristio se HTC Vive.

MetodUzorak ispitanika sastojao se od 12 studenata Univerziteta u Splitu, prosečne dobi od 21.25±1.14 godina, telesne visine 185.42±5.18 cm i telesne mase 82.57±8.37 kg. Primenjeno je 6 testova od kojih je svaki trajao 90 sekundi a razina nestabilnosti BBS platforme bila je postavljena na 6. Testovi su se razlikovali na način da: 1. ispitanik održava ravnotežu otvorenim očima a ekran BBS-a je pokriven, 2. ispitanik održava ravnotežu otvorenim očima i na ekranu BBS-a vidi trenutni položaj svog centra mase, 3. ispitanik održava ravnotežu otvorenim očima a na ekranu BBS-a vidi lažni trenutni položaj svog centra mase, 4. ispitanik održava rav-notežu zatvorenim očima, 5. ispitanik održava ravnotežu otvorenim očima u statičnoj virtuelnoj realnosti, 6. ispitanik održava ravnotežu otvorenim očima u dinamičnoj virtuelnoj realnosti.

Rezultati sa diskusijomNa početku je bitno spomenuti da niko od ispitanika nije završio test broj 6 pa taj test nije uključen u statis-tičku obradu. Kolmogorov Smirnov test pokazao je normalnu distribuciju rezultata ispitanika u svim ostalim testovima. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost (r=0.7) između testova 2 i 3. Korelacije između ostalih testova ukazuju da bi se moglo raditi o različitim vrstama ravrnoteže. Wiszomirska i koautori su u svojoj studiji (Wiszomirska, 2019) istraživali različite uslove ravnoteže, između ostalog otvoren-im i zatvorenim očima i utvrdili da je ravnotežu zatvorenim očima mnogo teže održavati, pa je bilo očekivano da ni u ovom radu neće postojati korelacija između testa broj 4 i ostalih testova.

ZaključakMeđu primenjenim testovima statistički značajna korelacija (r=0.7) pronađena je samo između testova 2 i 3. Može se zaključiti kako primenjeni testovi mere različite vrste ravnoteže i ne utiču jedan na drugog, osim testova 2 i 3 kod kojih očito ispitanicima nije bitno gledaju li stvaran ili lažan položaj svog centra mase za vreme testa.

Ključne reči: Biodex Balance System, ravnoteža, virtuelna realnost

LiteraturaArifin, N., Abu Osman, NA., Abas, WA. (2014). Intrarater Test-Retest Reliability of Static and Dynamic Stability Indexes Measurement Using the Biodex Stability System During Unilateral Stance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30 (2), 300-304.Wiszomirska, I., Iwańska, D., Tabor, P., Karczewska-Lindinger, M., Urbanik, C., Mastalerz, A. (2019). Postural stability pattern as an important safety factor of firefighters. Work, 62 (3), 469-476

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METHODS OF RESPONSE TIME ASSESSMENT IN DIFFERENT SPORTS

Lazar Tomić; Мiloslav Fabok; Bojan Leontijević; Аleksandar JankovićFaculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThis paper aims to provide quantitative insight into research related to reaction time (RT) research from dif-ferent sports disciplines compared with athletes who one playing football, as well as to make a qualitative analysis of methods used in the studies covered.

МethodBased on the keywords, the literature review found 21 papers related to our research topic, however, after the analysis of these papers, 9 papers were selected whose results and methods will be analyzed.

Results and discussionBy a comparative analysis of the results of the literature reviewed, it was observed that the shortest RT was achieved by football players during simple RT for auditory stimulation (162 ± 28.5ms) (Ruschel et al., 2011). Concerning visual stimulation, the least observed RT was simply realized by karatists (175 ± 30ms) (Mudrić et al., 2015), and the worst results were obtained by students (297 ± 30ms) who represented the cause in the same research. Complex RT was the shortest in fencers (186 ± 46ms) (Guttierrez - Davila et al., 2013).The analysis of the methods used in the review studies, which was the subject of RT in certain sports disci-plines, concluded that the methods are not completely ecologically valid.The deficiency of this study may be the non-standardized methodology applied in the papers covered.

ConclussionThis study confirms that participants from all sports disciplines responded fastest during simple RT, as well as that participants from certain sports disciplines are far more successful in responding to a specific signal than persons who do not practice the same sport at a competitive level.

Кey words: reaction time, sport, football

ReferencesGutiérrez - Dávila, M., Rojas, F. J., Antonio, R., & Navarro, E. (2013). Effect of uncertainty on the reaction response in fencing. Re-search Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(1), 16 - 23.Mudric, M., Cuk, I., Nedeljkovic, A., Jovanovic, S., & Jaric, S. (2015). Evaluation of video – based method for the measurement of reaction time in specific sport situation. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15, 1077 – 1089.Ruschel, C., Haupenthal, A., Hubert, M., Fontana, H. B., Pereira, S. M., & Roesler, H. (2011). Tempo de reação simples de jogadores de futebol de diferentes categorias e posições. Motricidade, 7(4), 73 - 82.

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METODE ZA PROCENU VREMENA REAGOVANJA SPORTISTA RAZLIČITIH SPORTOVA

Lazar Tomić; Мiloslav Fabok; Bojan Leontijević; Аleksandar JankovićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodCilj ovog rada je da omogući kvantitativni uvid u istraživanja koja se odnose na vreme reagovanja (VR) iz različitih sportskih disciplina u poređenju sa sportistima koji igraju fudbal, kao i da se napravi kvalitativna analiza metoda koje su korišćene u obuhvaćenim studijama.

МetodNа osnovu ključnih reči, pregledom literature je pronađen 21 rad koji je povezan sa temom istraživanja, međutim nakon analize radova, izabrano je 9 radova čiji će rezultati i metode biti analizirani.

Rezultati sa diskusijomUporednom analizom rezultata pregledane literature, zapaženo je da su najkraće VR ostvarili fudbaleri pri-likom prostog VR na auditivnu draž (162±28.5ms) (Ruschel et al., 2011). Kada je u pitanju vizuelna draž, najmanje zapaženo prosto VR su ostvarili karatisti (175±30ms) (Mudrić et al., 2015), a najslabije rezultate su imali studenti (297±30ms) koji su predstavljali uzrok u istom istraživanju. Složeno VR je najkraće bilo kod mačevalaca (186±46ms) (Guttierrez – Davila et al., 2013).Analizom metoda koje su korišćene u preglednim studijama, čiji je predmet bilo VR u određenim sportskim disciplinama, zaključeno je da metode nisu u potpunosti ekološki validne.Nedostatak ove studije može biti nestandardizovana metodologija primenjena u obuhvaćenim radovima.

ZaključakОva studija potvrđuje da ispitanici iz svih obuhvaćenih sportskih disciplina najbrže reaguju prilikom prostog VR, kao i da su ispitanici iz određenih sportskih disciplina daleko uspešniji u brzini reagovanja na određeni signal od osoba koje se ne bave istim sportom na takmičarskom nivou.

Кljučne reči: vreme reagovanja, sport, fudbal

LiteraturaGutiérrez - Dávila, M., Rojas, F. J., Antonio, R., & Navarro, E. (2013). Effect of uncertainty on the reaction response in fencing. Re-search Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(1), 16-23.Mudric, M., Cuk, I., Nedeljkovic, A., Jovanovic, S., & Jaric, S. (2015). Evaluation of video-based method for the measurement of reaction time in specific sport situation. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15, 1077-1089.Ruschel, C., Haupenthal, A., Hubert, M., Fontana, H. B., Pereira, S. M., & Roesler, H. (2011). Tempo de reação simples de jogadores de futebol de diferentes categorias e posições. Motricidade, 7(4), 73-82.

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ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TEACHING IN THE ARTHISTIC GYMNASTICS CLASSES

Milinko Dabović1; Marko Erak1; Ivana Čerkez Zovko2; Aleksandra Lakić1; Aleksandar Stefanović11 Belgrade University Faculty of sport and physical education, Serbia2 University of Mostar; Faculty of science and education, Bosnia and Herzegovina

IntroductionCompulsory exercises form the core of training program in the subject of Theory and methodology of arthistic gymnastics. Performing compulsory compositions at the competition has proven to be a significant means of encouraging students (Dabović, 2014). Competition jury evaluations, as a valid and reliable method of exter-nal assesment of the quality of training classes, provide teachers with valuable guidence in order to increase their quality. Differences between marks for composition weights and performance, as well as differences in marks among apparatuses, indicates the difficulties that students encounter in mastering training program at subject. One of the main goals of practical teaching is to balance its quality. This implies that there are no significant differences in mastering certain exercises from the program and performing the exercises in general.

MethodIndependent jury of 12 gymnastics judges, evaluated the weight of exercises composition and performance, at the students championship in compulsory composition. The differences between the marks for the weight of the composition and for their performance were examined on each apparatus separately and then among the apparatuses. Data were collected from the original referee lists and processed by standard statistical procedures.

Results and discussionBetter marks for the weight of the composition, compared to the marks for their performance, were deter-mined on each apparatus, with all the differences being significant. This indicates that the activity of the students in the training classes was more focused on mastering all the exercises from the program, rather than on the quality of their performance. In addition, the marks for the composition on high bar, as well as the marks for performance of exercises on it, were significantly lower than all others, indicating that the high bar routine are more difficult than others.

ConclusionThe program of training classes in the subject of arthistic gymnastics, and thus the school program in arthis-tic gymnastics are not balanced. Additional activities are needed in order to improve the quality of teaching, and therefore the methodology of gymnastics in physical education teaching.

Key words: academic performance, assesment of teaching quality, methodology of sports gymnastics

ReferencesDabovic, M. (2014). The influence of learner empowerement on theory and teaching methods of sports gymnastics academic effi-ciency. Doctoral thesis. Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade university, Belgrade.Kocić-Pajić, S., Vukašinović, V., Dabović, M., Radisavljević-Janić, S. (2016): Predlog korekcija organizacije praktične nastave pred-meta Teorija i metodika sportske gimnastike na osnovu procene uspešnosti studentkinja. Godišnjak Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja (22), 81-90

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ANALIZA TAKMIČARSKE USPEŠNOSTI STUDENATA U CILJU PODIZANJA KVALITETA NASTAVE NA PREDMETU SPORTSKA GIMNASTIKA

Milinko Dabović1; Marko Erak1; Ivana Čerkez Zovko2; Aleksandra Lakić1; Aleksandar Stefanović11 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja2 Sveučilište u Mostaru, Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti

UvodObavezni sastavi čine okosnicu programa praktične nastave na predmetu Teorija i metodika sportske gim-nastike. Izvođenje obaveznih sastava na takmičenju, pokazalo se kao značajno sredstvo podsticanja stude-nata (Dabović, 2014). Sudijske ocene, kao validna i pouzdana metoda spoljašnje procene kvaliteta praktične nastave, daju nastavnicima dragocene smernice u cilju povećanja njenog kvaliteta. Razlike između ocena za težinu sastava i za izvođenje, kao i razlike u ocenama po spravama, ukazuju na poteškoće sa kojima se studenti sreću prilikom savladavanja programa praktične nastave. Jedan od glavnih ciljeva praktične nas-tave je uravnoteženost njenog kvaliteta. Pod tim se podrazumeva da nema značajnih razlika u savladavanju pojedinih vežbi iz programa i izvođenja vežbi generalno.

MetodNezavisan sudijski žiri od 12 članova, procenjivao je težinu sastava i njihovo izvođenje, na studentskom pr-venstvu u obaveznim sastavima. Ispitane su razlike između ocena za težinu sastava i za njihovo izvođenje, na svakoj spravi pojedinačno, a zatim i između sprava. Podaci su prikupljeni iz originalnih sudijskih listi i obrađeni standardnim statističkim procedurama.

Rezultati sa diskusijomBolje ocene za težinu sastava, u poređenju sa ocenama za njihovo izvođenje, utvrđene su na svakoj od sprava, pri čemu su sve razlike značajne. To ukazuje da je aktivnost studenata na časovima praktične nas-tave više bila usmerena na savladavanje svih vežbi iz programa, nego na kvalitet njihovog izvođenja. Ocene za težinu sastava na vratilu su, kao i ocene za izvođenje, značajno slabije u odnosu na sve druge, što uka-zuje da su vežbe na vratilu teže od ostalih.

ZaključakProgram praktične nastave na predmetu sportska gimnastika, a time i školski program iz sportske gimnas-tike, nisu izbalansirani. Potrebne su dodatne aktivnosti u cilju podizanja kvaliteta nastave, a time i metodike sportske gimnastike u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja.

Ključne reči: akademska uspešnost, procena kvaliteta nastave, metodika sportske gimnastike

LiteraturaDabović, M. (2014). Uticaj podsticanja na efikasnost nastave Teorije i metodike sportske gimnastike. Doktorska disertacija. Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd Kocić-Pajić, S., Vukašinović, V., Dabović, M., Radisavljević-Janić, S. (2016): Predlog korekcija organizacije praktične nastave pred-meta Teorija i metodika sportske gimnastike na osnovu procene uspešnosti studentkinja. Godišnjak Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja (22), 81-90

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THE INCIDENCE OF INJURY AMONG CONTEMPORARY DANCERS

Marta Ćirković1; Sanja Mandarić2; Branka Marković21 University Sports Association of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade - Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionContemporary dance is a combination of multiple dance styles, the essence of which is reflected in the freedom of movement. Movements are characterized by the frequent changes of the center of gravity of the body, bending at the knee joint, forward bending, starting movement in space with one part of the body, various jumps with unusual landings, as well as movements in sitting and lying position. The specificity of the dance technique, inadequate dance space, as well as the physical exertion the dancers are exposed to, influences the occurrence of injuries (Janev Holcer et al., 2012; Russell, 2013). Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to determine the frequency and manner of injury of contemporary dancers.

Method An empirical method was applied in the study, using a survey called: Injuries in Contemporary Dance. The survey was taken from other sports (Augustsson, Augustsson, Thomee, & Svantesson, 2006), but adapted to the sample of this research. Survey consisted of two parts. The first part included questions regarding the age and gender, as well as anthropometric data: height (cm) and weight (kg). The second part included 17 questions regarding dancing, other physical activities, weekly number of classes, as well as information about dancers’ injuries – moment of occurrence, type of injury, localization, as well as period of absence after injury. The research sample consisted of contemporary female dancers from dance schools “Dance Factory” and “Dance Station” (n = 38), with an average age of ± 22.5 years.

Results and DiscussionThe results show that out of 38 respondents, 32 experienced some type of injury. With respect to the time of injury, 53% of all injuries occurred midway through the training or stage performance. The percentage of injuries in relation to the type of footwear worn by the dancers shows that 44% of dancers were injured while wearing the soles for dance and gymnastics. According to the type of activity that preceded their injury, 38% were injured upon landing. The largest percentage of injuries by localization belongs to the groin, knee and neck region, while by the category of injury the largest percentage belongs to stretching-type. After the injury, most dancers were absent for two to four weeks.

Conclusion The results of the study indicate the frequency of injuries to the dancers’ feet, wrists, back, neck and shoul-ders. The most common causes of these injuries are: carelessness, fatigue, overtraining, use of inadequate equipment, poor training conditions and poor performance techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to pay at-tention to the prevention of injuries, however if they do occur, repairing them in a timely and proper manner is of crucial importance.

Key words: injury records, inadequate equipment, overtraining, performing technique, training

References Janev Holcer, N., Pucarin Cvetković, J., Mustajbegović, J., and Zushkin, E. (2012). Dance as a risk factor for injury and the devel-opment of occupational diseases. Archives of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, 63 (2), 239-245. https://doi.org/ 10.2478 / 10004-1254-63-2012-2170.Russell, J. (2013). Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 4 (default), 199-210. https://doi.org/ 10.2147 / OAJSM.S36529.

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INCIDENCA POVREĐIVANJA PLESAČA SAVREMENOG PLESA

Marta Ćirković1; Sanja Mandarić2; Branka Marković21 Univerzitetski sportski savez Beograda, Beograd, Srbija2 Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Savremeni ples predstavlja spoj više plesnih trendova plesanja, čija se suština ogleda u slobodi izvođenja pokreta. Pokrete odlikuje česta promena težišta tela, zatim savijanja u zglobu kolena, pretkloni, počinjanje kretanja u prostoru jednim delom tela, raznoliki skokovi sa neobičnim doskocima, kao i pokreti u sedećem i ležećem položaju. Specifičnost plesne tehnike, neadekvatan plesni prostor, kao i fizički napori kojima su izloženi plesači utiče na pojavu povreda (Janev Holcer i sar., 2012; Russell, 2013). Shodno navedenom, cilj rada je utvrditi učestalost i način povređivanja plesača savremenog plesa.

Metod U istraživanju je primenjen empirijski metod, u kojem je korišćena anketa pod nazivom: „Povrede u savre-menom plesu“. Anketa je preuzeta iz drugih sportova (Augustsson, Augustsson, Thomee, & Svantesson, 2006), ali je prilagođena za uzorak ovog istraživanja. Anketa se sastojala iz dva dela. Prvi deo odnosio se na podatke kao što su uzrast i pol, i osnovne antropometrijske podatke: visina (cm) i težina (kg). Drugi deo sadržao je 17 pitanja koja su se odnosila na bavljenje plesom, bavljenjem drugim fizičkim aktivnostima, ned-eljni fond časova kao i povrede plesača - trenutak nastanka povrede, njihovu vrstu, lokalizaciju, kao i period odsustva sa treninga. Uzorak ispitanika činile su plesačice savremenog plesa iz plesnih škola „Dance fac-tory“ i „Dance station“ (n=38) prosečne starosti ± 22,5 godina.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Rezultati pokazuju da od 38 ispitanica njih 32 su imale neku vrstu povrede. Kada je u pitanju vreme nastanka povrede 53% povreda nastalo je na sredini treninga ili nastupa. Procenat povrede u odnosu na vrstu obuće koju su plesačice nosile pokazuje da se njih 44% povredilo u nazuvicama za ples i gimnastiku. Prema vrsti aktivnosti, njih 38% povredilo se prilikom doskoka. Prema lokalizaciji ispitanice su u najvećem procentu imale povrede preponske regije, zgloba kolena i vrata, dok su prema vrsti povrede u najvećem procentu bila u pitanju istegnuća. Nakon povrede, najveći broj plesačica je odsustvovalo od dve do četiri nedelje.

Zaključak Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na učestalost povređivanja stopala, zglobova, leđa, vrata i ramena plesači-ca. Uzroci nastanka ovih povreda najčešće su: nepažnja, umor, pretreniranost, korišćenje neadekvatne opreme, loši uslovi ili loša tehnika izvođenja. S tim u vezi, potrebno je obratiti pažnju na prevenciju povreda, a ukoliko do njih dođe, najbitnije je povrede sanirati na vreme i pravi način.

Ključne reči: evidencija povreda, neadekvatna oprema, pretreniranost, tehnika izvođenja, trening

LiteraturaJanev Holcer, N., Pucarin Cvetković, J., Mustajbegović, J., i Žuškin, E. (2012). Ples kao čimbenik rizika za ozljede i razvoj profesio-nalnih bolesti. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 63(2), 239-245. https://doi.org/ 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2170.Russell, J. (2013). Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives. Open Access Journal od Sports Medicine, 4(default), 199-210. https://doi.org/ 10.2147/OAJSM.S36529

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCORING ACTIONS OF ELITE KARATEKAS AND THE IMPACT OF SENSHU IN THE FINAL MATCHES OF PREMIER LAEGUE EVENTS IN 2018.

Miroslav Milovanović; Miloš MudrićFaculty of sport and phisycal education, University of Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionWhen the rules change frequently, the characteristics of sport change accordingly. A regular analysis of karate competitions would help us determine the direction of development and would give us more informa-tion about the necessary traits required for success in the competitions. The information about the dominant scoring techniques and scoring methods would greatly influence the improvement of the training process.

MethodThe total number of analyzed bouts is thirty five; all of them being the final bouts of male categories. The following variables were examined: the scoring techniques, the scoring methods and the impact of senshu on the outcome of the bout. The data has been collected by observation of the video materials. Each activity has been registered in custom designed tables. The analysis of the chosen indicators is based on descrip-tive statistical analysis gained from the measuring of frequency of occurrence.

Results and discussionA comparison between the previous researches and the new data confirms a tendency of growth in frequen-cy of occurrence for the gjaku tsuki jodan technique. The frequency of occurrence has been increased by 45.13%. The fact that the scoring criteria is fulfilled more easily when a hand technique targets the head could be an explanation for this tendency. Another figure shows us the distribution of the scoring techniques between the time intervals, where we can see that the 75.22% of all the scoring actions happen in the second half of the bout. The analysis of the scoring methods shows us that the attack dominates the other methods with its 49.56% of the total actions. The last quarter of the bout brings us the most variety in scoring methods. In 77.14% bouts the competitor who gained senshu managed to win the bout.

ConclusionThe following conclusions have been made after the analysis of the collected data: the majority of the scor-ing actions target the head region and the dominant method is an attack, the competitors’ activity is higher in the second half of the bout and the rule of the first point advantage, senshu, brings a greater caution in the initial intervals of the bout and has an impact on the outcome of the bout.

Key words: karate, kumite, analysis

ReferencesJовановић, S., Kоропановски, N. i Kасум, G. (2010): Uticaj izmene pravila suđenja na takmičarsku aktivnost u karateu, Aktuelno u praksi 9, Pokrajinski zavod za sport, Novi Sad, 5- 15.Kоропановски, N. (2006): Strukturne karakteristike sportske borbe u karateu (Magistarski rad), Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd

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KARAKTERISTIKE POENTIRAJUĆIH AKCIJA I UTICAJ SENŠUA U FINALNIM BORBAMA ELITNIH KARATISTA NA PREMIJER LIGAMA 2018. GODINE

Miroslav Milovanović; Miloš Mudrić Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija

Uvod Konstantnim menjanjem pravila menjaju se karakteristike sporta. Kako bi se utvrdilo u kom smeru se razvija karate i koje su to karakteristike potrebne za uspeh na takmičenju, neophodna je češća analiza istih. U cilju unapređenja trenažnog procesa potrebno je saznati koje su to tehnike na današnjim takmičenjima najzastu-pljenije, kao i način na koji su one realizovane.

Metod Analizom je obuhvaćeno 35 finalnih borbi seniora. Izabrani pokazatelji takmičarske aktivnosti, koji su ispi-tivani, su poentirajuće tehnike, načini poentiranja i uticaj senšua na pobednika borbe. Prikupljanje podataka je izvršeno tehnikom posmatranja, pri čemu su korišćeni video materijali. Ocena svake registrovane aktiv-nosti je unošena u posebno konstruisane tabele. Metodom deskriptivne statistike, odnosno procedurom distribucije frekvence, analizirani su izabrani pokazatelji.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Uzimajući u obzir ranija istraživanja primetan je rast učestalosti poentiranja udarcem suprotnom rukom u glavu gjaku zukijem džodan sa 45.13%. Ovu tendenciju možemo objasniti činjenicom da je poentiranjem ručnom tehnikom u glavu lakše zadovoljiti sudijske kriterijume za dodelu poena. Zastupljenost poentirajućih tehnika u drugoj polovini borbe je 75.22%. Učestalost poentiranja napadom zastupljeno u 49.56% situacija. Raznovrsnost u načinima poentiranja najveća je u poslednjoj četvrtini, dok je u 77.14% borbi takmičar koji je stekao senšu na kraju ostvario pobedu.

Zaključak Analizirajući dobijene rezultate, može se zaključiti da je većina poentirajućih akcija realizovana kroz napad u predelu glave. Generalni zaključak ovog rada je da je aktivnost takmičara mnogo veća u drugoj polovini borbe, kao i da pravilo prve ostvarene prednosti (senšu) utiče na veći oprez takmičara u prvim intervalima, ali i na ishod borbe.

Ključne reči: karate, kumite, analiza

Literatura Jovanović, S., Koropanovski, N. i Kasum, G. (2010): Uticaj izmene pravila suđenja na takmičarsku aktivnost u karateu, Aktuelno u praksi 9, Pokrajinski zavod za sport, Novi Sad, 5- 15.Koropanovski, N. (2006): Strukturne karakteristike sportske borbe u karateu (Magistarski rad), Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATTACK STRUCTURE OF THE WINNER OF THE FOOTBALL WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2014

Nebojša Đošić1,21 Vocational colleges for the education of teachers and trainers, Subotica, Serbia2 Facilty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionKnowledge of the offensive organization of the game of the opposing team is one of the factors that influence the choice of tactics. In this research some questions regarding the offensive organization of the German National Team were asked. Based on the results of previous studies, a positive correlation of different strengths between the studied characteristics is expected.

MethodNotative analysis was applied. There were two DVDs of all the matches played by the German National Team at the Football World Championship 2014, a total of seven. The observation sheet was recorded each ball possession, duration time, number of players who participated, number of passes and number of contacts with the ball within each possession. The statistical program SPSS 20 was used to process the collected data. Descriptive characteristics of the variables were calculated. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was cal-culated to determine the association.

Results and discussionThe German National Team averaged 585.29 passes, 621.43 players participated in all ball possessions, 1358.71 ball contacts and 2.18 ball possession per possession, and the average ball possession time was 30.78 minutes per match. The contact index (K.i.) was calculated as the derived value as an indicator of deviation from the theoretically simplest game. A positive and large to moderate correlation was found in the range (r = 0.997) to (r = 0.567) between the observed characteristics of the offensive organization in the game of the German National Team.

ConclusionBased on the obtained results, the hypothesis is accepted, but in order to make more reliable conclusions about the investigated characteristics of the attack phase in football, it is necessary to increase the sample of matches in future research.

Key words: notative analysis, football, ball possession

ReferencesĐošić, N. (2017). Correlation of ball possession, contacts with the ball and contact indexes in modern football. Serbian Science Today, 2(1), 44-55.

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КARAKTERISTIKE STRUKTURE NAPADA OSVAJAČA SVETSKOG PRVENSTVA U FUDBALU 2014. GODINE

Nebojša Đošić1,21 Visoka škola strukovnih studija za obrazovanje vaspitača i trenera, Subotica, Srbija2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodPoznavanje ofanzivne organizacije igre protivničkog tima je jedan od faktora koji utiče na izbor taktike. U ovom istraživanju su traženi odgovori na neka pitanja u vezi ofanzivne organizacije igre reprezentaci-je Nemačke. Na osnovu rezultata prethodnih istraživanja očekuje se pozitivna povezanost različite jačine između istraživanih karakteristika.

MetodPrimenjena je notativna analiza. Posmatrani su dvd snimci svih utakmica koje je reprezentacija Nemačke odigrala na Svetskom prvenstvu u fudbalu 2014. godine, ukupno sedam. U posmatrački list je evidentiran svaki posed lopte, vremensko trajanje, broj igrača koji su učestvovali, broj ostvarenih dodavanja i broj kon-takata sa loptom u okviru svakog poseda. Za obradu prikupljenih podataka korišćen je statistički program SPSS 20. Izračunate su deskriptivne karakteristike varijabli. Za utvrđivanje povezanosti izračunat je Pirsonov koeficijent korelacije.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Prosečno je reprezentacija Nemačke ostvarila 585,29 dodavanja, u svim posedima lopte učestvovalo je 621,43 igrača, 1358,71 kontakata sa loptom i 2,18 kontakata sa loptom po jednom posedu, a prosečno vreme trajanja poseda lopte je 30,78 minuta po utakmici. Kao izvedena vrednost izračunat je i kontakt in-deks (K.i.) kao pokazatelj odstupanja od teoretski najjednostavnije igre. Utvrđena je pozitivna i velika do umerena povezanost u rasponu od (r = 0,997) do (r = 0,567) između posmatranih karakteristika ofanzivne organizacije u igri reprezentacije Nemačke.

ZaključakNa osnovu dobijenih rezultata hipoteza se prihvata, ali je za donošenje pouzdanijih zaključaka o istraživanim karakteristikama faze napada u fudbalu potrebno povećati uzorak utakmica u budućim istraživanjima.

Ključne reči: notativna analiza, fudbal, posed lopte

Literatura Đošić, N. (2017). Povezanost poseda lopte, kontakata sa loptom i kontakt indeksa u savremenom fudbalu. Srpska nauka danas, 2(1), 44-55.

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THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF ISOMETRIC STRENGTH EXERCISE - EXAMPLE “PLANK”

Nera Budalica; Marijana Čavala; Josefina Đuzel; Nebojša ZagoracFaculty of Kinesiology University of Split, Split, Croatia

IntroductionThe influence of a certain type of music is manifested through human behavior, expression and experiences. The effects of physical exercise have been shown to be better with the use of music as a motivating factor (Terry & Karageorghis, 2011). The aim of the study was to examine the influence of music on the isometric or static form of the exercise plank.

MethodData were collected on a sample of 52 students of Faculty of Kinesiology University of Split, which 29 were female and 23 were male. Testing was conducted in conditions with and without music by the randomization method; some groups did the first testing with music while others did it without music. The music used for the test was selected according to theost popular songs on YouTube, which covers several types of genres and is related to motivational music for training. In addition to the quantitative indicators on the performance of the plank, the respondents completed the questionnaire. The data was processed by adequate statistical methods for repeated measurements.

Results and discussionThe study found that music had a positive effect on the plank performances in both sexes, but female students showed a greater affinity for music in the long run during the plank. It is assumed that the female students responded more favorably than the male students to the use of music because of their sensitivity to timing, dynamics and rhythm.

ConclusionThe importance of the implementation of exercises for the stability of the core, and in particular of the plank and its own variations, has been emphasized in the last two decades. For the best performance of a par-ticular physical activity, it is known that motivation greatly supports this goal, and music is a key motivating factor (Priest & Karageorghis, 2008). The study found that music influences the performance of the plank in both sexes. There are many open questions as limiting factors in the implementation of such tests, and the use of appropriate technology (eg EEG, EMG, etc.) is recommended for future research.

Key words: music, motivation, plank

ReferencesPriest, D. L., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2008). A qualitative investigation into the characteristics and effects of music accompanying exercise. European physical education review, 14(3), 347-366.Terry, P. C., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2011). Music in sport and exercise. In: Morris, T. & Terry, P. (Ed.) The new sport and exercise psychology companion (pp. 359-380). Morgantown, WV United States: Fitness Information Technology.

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UČINCI GLAZBE NA FIZIČKE ASPEKTE IZOMETRIJSKE VJEŽBE SNAGE - PRIMJER IZDRŽAJA NA PODLAKTICAMA

Nera Budalica; Marijana Čavala; Josefina Đuzel; Nebojša ZagoracKineziološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Splitu, Split, Republika Hrvatska

UvodUtjecaj pojedine glazbe manifestira se kroz ljudsko ponašanje, izražavanje i doživljaje. Pokazalo se kako su efekti tjelesnog vježbanja bolji uz primjenu glazbe kao motivacijskog faktora (Terry i Karageorghis, 2011). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj glazbe na izometrijski odnosno statički oblik rada kod vježbe izdržaj na podlakticama (engl. plank).

MetodPodaci su prikupljeni na uzorku 52 ispitanika od čega 29 studentica i 23 studenta Kineziološkog fakulteta u Splitu. Testiranje se provelo metodom randomiziranja u uvjetima rada sa i bez glazbe. Određene grupe su prvo testiranje izvršavali s glazbom dok su druge bez glazbe, i obratno. Glazba korištena u ovom istraživan-ju prilikom izvedbe testa, odabrana je prema kriteriju najvećeg broja gledanja na društvenoj mreži YouTube. Glazba obuhvaća nekoliko vrsta žanrova, a vezana je za motivacijsku glazbu za vježbanje. Uz kvantitativne pokazatelje izvedbe „planka“, ispitanici su ispunili anketni upitnik. Podaci su obrađeni adekvatnim statis-tičkim metodama za ponovljena mjerenja.

Rezultati sa diskusijomIstraživanjem se ustanovilo kako je glazba pozitivno utjecala na izvedbu izdržaja na podlakticama kod oba spola. Međutim studentice su pokazale veći afinitet prema glazbi što je rezultiralo dužim trajanjem izvođenja vježbe izdržaja na podlakticama. Za pretpostaviti je da ispitanice povoljnije reagiraju od ispitanika na prim-jenu glazbe zbog njihovog senzibiliteta na tempiranje, dinamiku i ritam.

ZaključakU posljednja dva desetljeća ističe se važnost primjene vježbi za stabilnost trupa, a naročito „plank“ i njegove varijacije. Za što bolje izvođenje pojedine tjelesne aktivnosti, poznato je kako motivacija uvelike potpomaže tom cilju, a ključan motivacijski faktor je naročito glazba (Priest i Karageorghis, 2008). Istraživanjem se utvrdilo kako glazba utječe na izvedbu „planka“ kod oba spola ispitanika. Puno je otvorenih pitanja kao ograničavajućih faktora u realizaciji ovakvih ispitivanja te se za buduća istraživanja preporučuje upotreba odgovarajuće tehnologije (npr. EEG, EMG i sl.).

Ključne reči: glazba, motivacija, plank

LiteraturaPriest, D. L., Karageorghis, C. I. (2008). A qualitative investigation into the characteristics and effects of music accompanying exer-cise. European physical education review, 14 (3), 347-366.Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I. (2011). Music in sport and exercise. U: Morris, T., Terry, P. (Ed.) The new sport and exercise psy-chology companion (str. 359-380). Morgantown, WV United States: Fitness Information Technology.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE LEVEL AND INTERNAL LOAD IN VERTICAL JUMPS SESSIONS

Radenko Arsenijević1, Predrag Božić2, Milan Matić3, Bobana Berjan Bačvarević2, Saša Jakovljević3, Nemanja Pažin4 1 Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Prishtina, Leposavic, Serbia2 Serbian institute of sports and sport medicine, Belgrade, Serbia3 Faculty of sport and physical education, Uneversity of Belgrade, Serbia4 Faculty of management in sport, Alfa BK Uneversity, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThe purpose of the study was to explore relationship between levels of performances with different mea-sures of internal load within vertical jumps sessions.

MethodTen male students performed vertical jumps in four separate sessions in which were applied different ways of gathering data of internal load. Internal load included subjective (rating of perceived exertion – RPE, rat-ing of perceived exertion for legs – RPElegs, and rating of perceived exertion for breath – RPEbreath) and objective measure (heart rate – HR), which has been analyzed as absolute and relativized values relative to number of performed jumps as measures of the applied external load. In first session (S1) internal load was collected after every 10 jumps, in second session (S2) after every 20 seconds, in third session (S3) subjects judged by themselves increase of effort by subjective method, and in fourth session (S4) the condition for gathering was the certain technical failure.

Results and discussionThe results showed moderate-to-high relationship between the performance level and the internal load mea-sures in the four vertical jump sessions (p<0.05). Specificaly, the following results were obtained for absolute [RPElegs (S1: r2 = 0,97; S2: r2 = 0,93; S3: r2 = 0,82 i S4: r2 = 0,96); RPEbreath (S1: r2=0,98; S2: r2=0,87; S3: r2=0,77; S4: r2=0,96); and HR (S1: r2=0,97; S2: r2=0,64; S3: r2=0,80; S4: r2=0,90)], and relativized values of the internal load [RPElegs / jumps (S1: r2=0,80; S2: r2=0,57; S3: r2=0,61; S4: r2=0,88), RPEbreath / jumps (S1: r2=0,80; S2: r2=0,68; S3: r2=0,93; S4: r2=0,98) i HR/ jumps (S1: r2=0,98; S2: r2=0,98; S3: r2=0,98; S4: r2=0,74)].

Conclusion

The present findings confirmed a relationship between measures of internal load and level of performances assessed via jump height, while the highest relationship was detected in conditions when the measures gathered after certain number of jumps and approach of technical failure.

Key words: rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, jump height

References Halson, LG. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports med, 44(2): 139-147.Pereira, G., Correia, R., Ugrinowitsch, FA., Nakamura, F., Rodacki, A., Fowler, N. & Kokubin E. (2011). The rating of perceived exer-tion predicts intermittent vertical jump demand and performance. Journal of sports sciences, 29 (9): 927-932.

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POVEZANOST NIVOA PERFORMANSI I INTERNOG OPTEREĆENJA U SESIJAMA VERTIKALNIH SKOKOVA

Radenko Arsenijević1; Predrag Božić2; Milan Matić3; Bobana Berjan Bačvarević2; Saša Jakovljević3; Nemanja Pažin4 1 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Prištini, Leposavić, Srbija2 Zavod za sport i medicinu sporta Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija3 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija4 Fakultet za menadžment u sportu, Alfa BK Univerzitet, Beograd, Srbija

UvodCilj studije je bio da se ispita povezanost nivoa perfomansi sa različitim merama internog opterećenja u sesijama vertikalnih skokova.

MetodDeset studenata je izvodilo vertikalne skokove u četiri odvojene sesije u kojima su primenjeni različiti načini prikupljanja podataka internog opterećenja. Interno opterećenje je uključilo subjektivne (procenu doživl-jenog napora - PDN, procenu doživljenog napora za noge - PDNnoge i procenu doživljenog napora za disanje - PDNdisanje) i objektivne mere (srčanu frekvenciju - SF), koje su analizirane kao apsolutne i rela-tivizovane vrednosti u odnosu na broj izvedenih skokova kao mere primenjenog eksternog opterećenja. U prvoj sesiji (S1) su podaci o internom opterećenju prikupljani na svakih 10 skokova, u drugoj sesiji (S2) na svakih 20 sekundi, u trećoj sesiji (S3) ispitanici su sami procenjivali porast napora subjektivnom metodom, a u četvrtoj sesiji (S4) uslov za prikupljanje podataka o internom opterećenju je bilo dostizanje odgovarajućeg tehničkog otkaza.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati su pokazali da postoji umereno do visoka povezanost između nivoa performansi i primenjenih mera internog opterećenja u primenjene četiri sesije vertikalnih skokova (p < 0,05). Konkretno, dobijene su sledeće vrednosti za apsolutne [PDNnoge (S1: r2 = 0,97; S2: r2 = 0,93; S3: r2 = 0,82 i S4: r2 = 0,96); PD-Ndisanje (S1: r2=0,98; S2: r2=0,87; S3: r2=0,77; S4: r2=0,96), i SF (S1: r2=0,97; S2: r2=0,64; S3: r2=0,80; S4: r2=0,90)], i relativizovane vrednosti internog opterećenja [PDNnoge/ skokovi (S1: r2=0,80; S2: r2=0,57; S3: r2=0,61; S4: r2=0,88), PDNdisanje / skokovi (S1: r2=0,80; S2: r2=0,68; S3: r2=0,93; S4: r2=0,98) i SF/ skokovi (S1: r2=0,98; S2: r2=0,98; S3: r2=0,98; S4: r2=0,74)].

Zaključak Nalazi ukazuju da postoji povezanost između mera internog opterećenja i performansi iskazanih preko vis-ine skoka, a najveća povezanost sa performansama se ostvaruje u uslovima prikupljanja nakon odgovara-jućeg broja skokova i tehničkog otkaza.

Ključne reči: procena doživljenog napora, srčana frekvencija, visina skoka

Literatura Halson, LG. (2014). Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports med, 44(2): 139-147.Pereira, G., Correia, R., Ugrinowitsch, FA., Nakamura, F., Rodacki, A., Fowler, N. & Kokubin E. (2011). The rating of perceived exer-tion predicts intermittent vertical jump demand and performance. Journal of sports sciences, 29 (9): 927-932.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOAD OF PERCEIVED EXERTION AND THE RESULTS IN THE RACE OF DRAGON BOAT

Slobodan Tošić; Željko RajkovićFaculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThere are numerous studies dealing with the assessment of perceived exertion in laboratory conditions. It is very important to measure the load of perceived exertion (RPE) in the conditions of a competition and to determine the relationship between RPE and the result in a race. Based on practice, the following hypothesis has been set: a higher load of RPE is related to a better result in a competition.

MethodsThe participants of this pilot study were the competitors in the final of the national championship in 500-meter dragon boat race (18 males and 12 females, aged 30.2 on average). Borg CR10 scale was used for the assessment of the load of RPE. Immediately after the race, the competitors were given instructions to assess their load of RPE on a 10-level scale. For the statistical analysis, program SPSS 20 was used.

Results and discussionUsing one-way ANOVA, a significant difference (p = .01) of RPE has been determined between the first-place (M=8.8) and the third-place crew (M = 6.4). Although the rank in the race as a variable should not be set as a goal in training and competition, it represents an important part of reality and has a lot of significant consequences, which is why the position achieved should be discussed from that point of view.

ConclusionThe hypothesis has been confirmed – RPE is related to the results in a race. Such findings of the research could point to the relationship between these two variables, but it is necessary to control other factors which may affect the results (sports experience, frequency of trainings, age, etc.).

Key words: RPE, CR10, dragon boat, results

ReferencesBorg G. (1998). Borg`s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Auckland. New Zealand. Human Kinetics.Boris B, Michael B. E, Gershon T. (2002): Brain and Body in Sport and Exercise, London, UK.

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RELACIJA NIVOA SUBJEKTIVNOG OSEĆAJA ZAMORA I PLASMANA U TRCI DRAGON BOUTA

Slobodan Tošić; Željko Rajković Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodVeliki je broj istraživanja koja se bave procenom subjektivnog osećaja zamora u laboratorijskim uslovima. Od velikog je značaja izmeriti nivo subjektivnog osećaja zamora u takmičarskim uslovima i odrediti njegovu relaciju sa rezultatom u trci. Shodno iskustvima iz prakse postavljena je hipoteza: veći nivo subjektivnog osećaja zamora povezan je sa boljim plasmanom na takmičenju.

MetodeIspitanici ove pilot studije su bili učesnici finalne trke nacionalnog šampionata u dragon boutu na 500m (18 muškaraca i 12 žena, prosečne starosti 30.2 godine). Za procenu veličine subjektivnog osećaja zamora korišćena je Borgova skala CR10. Neposredno posle završene trke takmičarima je data usmena instrukcija da se izjasne o stepenu zamora na 10-stepenoj skali. Za statističku analizu korišćen je program SPSS 20.

Rezultati sa diskusijomJednofaktorskom analizom varijanse utvrđena je značajna razlika u subjektivnom osećaju zamora (p = .01) između prvoplasirane (M = 8.8) i trećeplasirane posade (M = 6.4). Iako plasman kao varijabla ne bi trebalo da se postavlja kao cilj u treningu i takmičenju, on predstavlja bitnu realnost, koja sobom nosi značajne pos-ledice, pa se plasmanom sa tog stanovišta vredi baviti.

ZaključakPotvrđena je postavljena hipoteza da subjektivni osećaj zamora ima relaciju sa rezultatom u trci. Takav rezultat istraživanja može da ukaže na vezu ove dve varijable, ali je potrebno kontrolisati ostale faktore od mogućeg uticaja na plasman ( sportski staž, učestalost treninga, uzrast…).

Ključne reči: subjektivni osećaj zamora, CR10, plasman, dragon bout

LiteraturaBorg G. (1998). Borg`s perceived exertion and pain scales. Auckland, New Zealand: Human Kinetics. Boris B, Michael B. E., Gershon T. (2002). Brain and Body in Sport and Exercise, London, UK.

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STRUCTURE OF APPARATUS DIFFICULTY IN ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS’ ROUTINES

Slobodanka Dobrijević1; Lidija Moskovljević1; Tijana Purenović Ivanović21 University of Belgrade, Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia2 University of Niš, Faculty of sport and physical education, Niš, Serbia

Introduction Tracking trends in the development of rhythmic gymnastics at the highest level provides necessary data and guidelines which coaches should use in planning the training process to achieve the desired results. Until now, analyzes of development trends in rhythmic gymnastics have mainly concerned on body movement difficulty in the individual routines. The aim of this study was to estimate structure of apparatus difficulty in the elite rhythmic gymnast individual routine with different type of apparatus.

Method The sample was consisted of eight finalist competitors by each apparatus at the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships in Sofia, 2018, so that the analysis included a total of 32 routines (8 routines per apparatus). The video analyze was done by three judges in accordance with actual Code of Points (FIG, 2017). Structure of difficulty in routines was evaluated by using 15 variables, of which 13 variables were used to describe apparatus difficulties. Data processing was performed in the program SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corporation) and Microsoft Excel 2019. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used to evaluate differences in the observed variables in routines with different apparatus.

Results and discussionResults showed that there was significant difference in both, total difficulty score and apparatus difficulty score, between ribbon routine and routines with all other apparatus. There was no difference in body diffi-culty score regardless type of apparatus. From the aspects of choosing apparatus elements of different level which refer to the both, the dynamic elements with rotations and the apparatus difficulty known as mastery, routines with different apparatus differed in the total and average value of the elements, as well as the num-ber of apparatus difficulty,

Conclusion Apparatus physical properties, on the one side, and the requirements of the Code of Points, on the other side, greatly influence the choice of apparatus technical elements and, consequently, the achieved grade for apparatus difficulty.

Key words: video analysis, dynamic elements with rotations, mastery, code of points

References Agopyan, A., & Örs, B. S. (2019). An analysis of variations in body movement difficulty of 2016 Olympic Games rhythmic gymnast candidates. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 1-18.Trifunov, T., & Dobrijević, S. (2013). The structure of difficulties in the routines of the best world and Serbian rhythmic gymnasts. Fizička kultura, 67(2), 120-129.

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STRUKTURA TEŽINA REKVIZITIMA U SASTAVIMA ELITNIH TAKMIČARKI U RITMIČKOJ GIMNASTICI

Slobodanka Dobrijević1; Lidija Moskovljević1; Tijana Purenović Ivanović21 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija2 Univerzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Niš, Srbija

Uvod Praćenje trendova u razvoju ritmičke gimnastike na najvišem nivou obezbeđuje trenerima neophodne podat-ke i smernice u planiranju trenažnog procesa kako bi se ostvarili željeni rezultati. Do sada su se analize raz-vojnih trendova uglavnom odnosile na težine telom u takmičarskim sastavima (Agopyan et al, 2019; Trifunov & Dobrijevic, 2013). Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispita struktura težina rekvizitima u sastavima sa različitim tipovima rekvizita kod najboljih takmičarki sveta u ritmičkoj gimnastici.

Metod Uzorak ispitanika obuhvatao je po osam takmičarki koje bile su finalistkinje po rekvizitima sa Svetskog pr-venstva u ritmičkoj gimnastici 2018. godine, pa je analizom obuhvaćeno ukupno 32 sastava (8 sastava po rekvizitu). Video analizu su vršile tri sutkinje, u skladu sa važećim sudijskim pravilnikom. Struktura težina u sastavima procenjivana je pomoću 15 varijabli, od čega 13 varijabli opisuju težine rekvizitima. Statistička obrada podataka vršena je u programu SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corporation) i Microsoft Excel 2019. Za procenu razlika u posmatranim varijablama u sastavima sa različitim rekvizitima kоrišćen Kruskal-Wallis-ov test и Mann-Whitney-ev test.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati su pokazali da postoji značajna razlika između sastava sa trakom i sastava sa svim ostalim rekviziti-ma, kako u ukupnoj oceni za težinu sastava, tako i u oceni težina rekvizitom. Vrednost ocene za težine telom nije pokazala značajne razlike bez obzira na tip rekvizita. Sa aspekta izbora težina rekvizitima, koje se odnose na dinamičke elemente sa rotacijom i na težine rekvizitima (majstorstva), sastavi sa različitim rekvizitima razlikuju se u ukupnoj i prosečnoj vrednosti ocene za pomenute grupe elemenata, kao i u broju težina različitih nivoa.

Zaključak Fizička svojstva rekvizita, s jedne strane, i zahtevi sudijskog pravilnika, s druge strane, u velikoj meri utiču na izbor tehničkih elemenata rekvizitom, a samim tim i na ostvareni skor u delu ocene koja se odnosi na težine rekvizitom.

Ključne reči: video analiza, dinamički elementi sa rotacijom, majstorstvo, pravilnik

Literatura Agopyan, A., & Örs, B. S. (2019). An analysis of variations in body movement difficulty of 2016 Olympic Games rhythmic gymnast candidates. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 1-18.Trifunov, T., & Dobrijević, S. (2013). The structure of difficulties in the routines of the best world and Serbian rhythmic gymnasts. Fizička kultura, 67(2), 120-129.

Methodical aspects of the effects of physical activity

application in physical education, sport and

recreation

Metodički aspekti efekata primene fizičkih aktivnosti u fizičkom vaspitanju, sportu i

rekreaciji

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ACTIVE WORKOUT TIME OF STUDENTS DURING PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES APPLYING DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL-METHODICAL FORMS OF WORK

Dragica Kostić; Ivana Milanović; Snežana Radisavljević Janić; Miloš Marković Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThe goal of this research was to establish active workout time of students during physical education classes applying different organizational-methodical forms of work in the main phase. Also, the goal was to establish the activity of physical education teacher in the same classes.

Method The research was conducted on the class of 5th graders (22 students: 13 boys and 9 girls) in the elemen-tary school “Lazar Savatić” where three classes of sports gymnastics were held. The same beginning and the end phase were applied in all three classes, while in the main phase different organizational-methodical forms were used (additional exercises, stops method, parallel-class form of exercises). For this research validated SOFIT instrument was used for providing information of students’ and teacher’s activity (McKenzie, Sallis, Nader, 1991). All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results and discussionActive workout time of students in each class was over 50% of a total time duration of the class, which is sub-stantially better than in other similar research (Markovic, 2009; Ljubisic, 1995; Arunovic, Novakovic, Tomic, 1979). The students’ most active time was during the parallel-class form of exercises – 24,17 min (65,32%) in compare with the total time of class. During additional exercises, activity was 57,21%, while the least active time was during stops method (56,62%). The teacher spent the most of his time giving instructions to the students. While applying parallel-class form of exercises this task was using 49,55% of total time of class, stops method 44,66% and additional exercises 36,04%. The rest of the time, teacher was using “promotion of fitness” (encouraging students) and exercise assistance.

Conclusion The results of this research have shown that students’ most active time was during the parallel-class form of exercises with appropriate instructions given by a teacher, which means that good organization of the class and appropriate role of a teacher are very important.

Key words: teaching physical education, the teacher’s activity, SOFIT

ReferencesMarkovic, M. (2009). Procena niova fizičke aktivnosti učenika na času fizičkog vaspitanja. Belgrade: Faculty of Sport and Physical EducationMcKenzie, T.L., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R. (1991). SOFIT: System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of School Health, 65, 312-318.

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AKTIVNO VREME VEŽBANJA UČENIKA TOKOM PRIMENE RAZLIČITIHORGANIZACIONO-METODIČKIH FORMI RADA NA ČASU FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA

Dragica Кostić; Ivana Milanović; Snežana Radisavljević Janić; Miloš MarkovićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodCilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi aktivno vreme vežbanja učenika na času fizičkog vaspitanja u odnosu na različite organizaciono-metodičke forme rada u osnovnoj fazi časa. Takođe, cilj istraživanja je bila i procena aktivnosti nastavnika na času fizičkog vaspitanja, u odnosu na primenjenu formu rada.

Metod Istraživanje je sprovedeno u osnovnoj školi “Lazar Savatić“ u Beogradu na uzorku od 22 učenika (13 dečaka i 9 devojčica) petog razreda, gde su realizovana tri časa sa sadržajem iz oblasti vežbi na spravama i tlu. Na sva tri časa su primenjeni isti sadržaji u uvodnoj, pripremnoj i završnoj fazi časa, dok su se u osnovnoj ko-ristile različite organizaciono-metodičke forme rada (dopunska vežba, stanični metod i paralelno-odeljenska forma rada). Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišćen je validirani instrument SOFIT u cilju dobijanja informacija o nivou aktivnosti učenika i nastavnika za vreme realizacije časa (McКenzie, Sallis, Nader, 1991). Svi prik-upljeni podaci obrađeni su deskriptivnom statistikom.

Rezultati sa diskusijomAktivno vreme vežbanja učenika na svakom od časova iznosilo je preko 50% od ukupnog vremena trajanja časa, što je značajno bolji rezultat od nalaza sličnih istraživanja (Marković, 2009; Ljubišić, 1995; Arunović, Novaković, Tomić, 1979). Najveće aktivno vreme vežbanja učenika je bilo na času na kome je primenjena paralelno-odeljenska forma rada - 24,17 min (65,32%) od realnog trajanja časa. Primenom dopunske vežbe, aktivnost je iznosila 57,21%, dok je najmanje aktivno vreme bilo kod primene staničnog metoda (56,62%). Nastavnik je najviše vremena proveo dajući instrukcije učenicima. Кod primene paralelno-odeljenske forme rada, ovaj zadatak je realizovao 49,55% od ukupnog vremena trajanja časa, kod staničnog metoda 44,66%, a prilikom realizacije časa pomoću dopunske vežbe 36,04%. Ostale aktivnosti nastavnika su bile „promov-isanje vežbanja“ (bodrenje učenika), kao i asistiranje.

Zaključak Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se najveće aktivno vreme vežbanja postiže primenom paralelno-odeljen-ske forme rada uz odgovarajuće instrukcije nastavnika, što ukazuje na važnost dobre organizacije časa i uloge nastavnika.

Ključne reči: nastava fizičkog vaspitanja, aktivnost nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja, SOFIT

Literatura Marković, M. (2009). Procena nivoa fizičke aktivnosti učenika na času fizičkog vaspitanja. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspi-tanja.McKenzie, T.L., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R. (1991). SOFIT: System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of School Health, 65, 312-318.

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EXAMINING PARTICIPATION OF ADULT POPULATION OF SURČIN MUNICIPALITY IN SPORTS, RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST ACTIVITIES, WITH THE AIM OF HEALTH AND WORK PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT

Sara Stanić Jovanović¹; Marko Stevanović²; Sonja Ivančević³; Miroslav Stevanović4; Srđan Jovanović5;¹ Cultural Centre of Surčin, Belgrade, Serbia;² Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia³ Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University in Belgrade, Serbia4 Serbian Institute of Sport and Sports Medicine of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia;5 College of Sports and Health, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionNumerous studies conducted during the last decades in our region indicate that adult citizens do not have the habit of being systematically and regularly engaged in physical activities in their spare time. Although the importance of physical activities for health has been proven long ago, HR experts also indicatе the positive impact of exercise on the employees’ work productivity. The conducted research deals with the problem of adults’ interest in participating in sports, recreational and tourist activities (Surčin Municipality). The aim of the study is to examine the factors that influence their participation / non participation in sports and recre-ational activities, i.e. to consider the causes of passivity in the local population.

MethodIn this study, a non-standardized questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, most of which were offered with five-point Likert scale answers, was applied. Descriptive and comparative cross-sectional methods were applied.

Discussion resultsThe paper gives an insight into the interests of the adult population of the Surčin Municipality for their partic-ipation in sports and recreational activities in their free time. The largest number of respondents spend their free time surfing the Internet, watching TV and resting; If it were possible, more than a half of the respondents would go swimming, then take walks and hike, then go cycling, 1-2 times a month.

ConclusionAs the respondents are largely dissatisfied with the number of sports facilities at the municipality of Surčin and with the content of sports, recreational and tourist activities, and with their own participation in them, as they do not have a habit, financial opportunities, or a company to exercise with, it can be concluded that their interest for the mentioned activities should be increased, and opportunities to spend their free time actively provided.

Key words: Sports, recreational and tourist activities, interests, leisure, adults, human resources.

Literatura Haughey,K., Gray, A., Heffield, J. (2015). Sport and Active Recreation in the Lives of New Zealand Adults. 2013/14 Active New Zea-land Survey Results. Sport New Zealand, 11-12Sandhya, K., & Kumar, D.P. (2011). Employee retention by motivation. Indian Journal of Science and Technolog, 4(12), 1778-1782

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ISPITIVANJE UČEŠĆA ODRASLOG STANOVNIŠTVA OPŠTINE SURČIN U SPORTSKO-REKREATIVNIM I TURISTIČKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA U CILJU POBOLJŠANJA ZDRAVLJA I RADNE PRODUKTIVNOSTI

Sara Stanić Jovanović¹; Marko Stevanović²; Sonja Ivančević³; Miroslav Stevanović4; Srđan Jovanović5;¹ Kulturni centar Surčin, Beograd, Srbija;² Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija ³ Fakultet organizacionih nauka, Beograd, Srbija;4 Zavod za sport i medicinu sporta Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija;5 Visoka sportska i zdravstvena škola, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Brojne studije sprovedene poslednjih decenija na našim prostorima ukazuju da odrasli građani nemaju naviku da se u slobodno vreme sistematski i redovno bave fizičkim aktivnostima. Iako je značaj fizičkih aktivnosti za zdravlje odavno dokazan, kadrovski stručnjaci ukazuju na pozitivan uticaj vežbanja na radnu produktivnost zaposlenih. Sprovedeno istraživanje bavi se problemom interesovanja odraslih za učešćem u sportsko-rekreativnim i turističkim aktivnostima (Opštine Surčin). Cilj rada je ispitivanje činilaca koji utiču na učešće / ne učešće odraslog stanovništa u sportsko-rekreativnim aktivnostima, tj. razmatranje uzroka pasivnosti kod lokalnog stanovništva.

Metod U ovom istraživanju je primenjen nestandardizovani upitnik sačinjen od 20 pitanja od kojih su većina bila sa ponuđenim odgovorima petostepene Likertove skale. Primenjen je deskriptivni i komparativni metod trans-verzalnog preseka.

Rezultati sa diskusijomU radu se došlo do uvida u interesovanja odraslog stanovništva Opštine Surčin za učešće u sports-ko-rekreativnim aktivnostima u slobodnom vremenu. Najveći broj ispitanika u slobodno vreme surfuje inter-netom, gleda televiziju i odmara; ukoliko bi postojali uslovi, više od polovina ispitanika se izjasnila da bi se najradije bavila plivanjem, nakon čega sledi šetnja i planinarenje, pa vožnja biciklom i to 1-2 puta mesečno.

Zaključak Kako ispitanici u najvećoj meri nisu zadovoljni brojem sportskih objekata na opštini Surčin ni ponudom sa-držaja sportsko-rekreativnih i turističkih aktivnosti, kao ni svojim učešćem u istim, nemaju izgrađenu naviku, finansijske mogućnosti, ni društvo za vežbanje, zaključiuje se da je potrebno povećati njihovo interesovanje za sportsko-rekreativne i turističke aktivnosti, i omogućiti im načine za aktivnije provođenje slobodnog vre-mena.

Ključne reči: Sportsko-rekreativne i turističke aktivnosti, interesovanja, slobodno vreme, odrasli, ljudski re-sursi.

Literatura Haughey,K., Gray, A., Heffield, J. (2015). Sport and Active Recreation in the Lives of New Zealand Adults. 2013/14 Active New Zea-land Survey Results. Sport New Zealand, 11-12Sandhya, K., & Kumar, D.P. (2011). Employee retention by motivation. Indian Journal of Science and Technolog, 4(12), 1778-1782

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CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE PROGRESSION OF TRAINING IN THE REHABILITATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY

Stefan Radojičić1; Marko Ćosić2 1 Fitness club Life active2 University of Belgrade-Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionOne of the most frequent injuries in sports that requires surgical treatment is anterior cruciate knee ligament (ACL) injury. Due to the high incidence of injury, there are a number of different approaches to rehabilitation, especially when it comes to preparing an athlete for highly specific and intensive training and competitive activities. The aim of this study was to determine the criteria that coaches use to evaluate the progression of athlete training in rehabilitation of ACL injury, by identifying 3 basic elements: the phases the athlete goes through as part of the rehabilitation process, the criteria for progression within and between phases and goals within the phases.

MethodThe study involved 30 subjects (coaches) from 4 sports fields: football, basketball, volleyball and handball, who had at least 2 successfully completed recovery processes after surgical treatment of ACL injury. The coaches completed a survey consisting of 2 scales (grades 1-5). The first scale referred to the assessment of the existence of phases within the process and criteria for progression within and between phases, while the second scale involved the assessment of the existence of goals (their hierarchical dependencies) within the phases.

Results and DiscussionThe results of both scales showed the existence of criteria for progression of training in 30 coaches. Namely, in the first scale, as many as 29 trainers had grades that met the criterion for the existence of clearly defined phases and criteria for progression within and between phases (grade “3” (n = 6); grade “4” (n = 8); “5” (n = 15)). On another scale, the results also showed a high level of existence of clearly defined, in this case, goals within stages. The frequency of the scores on the second scale included a score of “4” (n = 9) and a score of “5” (n = 21), which were taken as the criterion for the existence of clearly defined goals (existence of hierarchically defined goals).

ConclusionThe results show that the coaches surveyed have criteria for assessing the training of athletes in the reha-bilitation of ACL injury, that is, athletes go through a phase-divided recovery process, with progress within / between them dependent on clearly defined criteria, while within the phase is largely implemented hier-archically defined goals. However, more research is needed (outcome outcomes, career durations after recovery, degree of re-injury, training aids applied during the process...) to make a more comprehensive assessment of the success of the ACL injury rehab process.

Key words: sports injuries, anterior cruciate ligament, phases of rehabilitation, criteria for progression, re-turn to sport

ReferencesAndrews, J.R., Harrelson, G.L., & Wilk, K.E. (2012). Physical Rehabilitation of the Injured Athlete: Expert Consult-Online and Print. Elsevier Health Sciences.Buckthorpe, M. (2019). Optimising the late-stage rehabilitation and return-to-sport training and testing process after ACL reconstruc-tion. Sports Medicine, 1-16.

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KRITERIJUMI ZA PROCENU PROGRESIJE TRENIRANOSTI PRI REHABILITACIJI POVREDE PREDNJEG UKRŠTENOG LIGAMENTA

Stefan Radojičić1; Marko Ćosić2 1 Fitness klub Life active2 Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodJedna od najfrekvetnijih povreda u sportu koja zahteva hirurško lečenje je povreda prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenata kolena (ACL). Shodno velikoj učestalosti povrede, javlja se i veliki broj različitih pristupa u re-habilitaciji, naročito kada je reč o delu koji se odnosi na pripremu sportiste za visokospecifične i intenzivne trenažno-takmičarske aktivnosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde kriterijumi koje treneri koriste za procenu progresije treniranosti sportista pri rehabilitaciji povrede ACL, utvrđivanjem 3 osnovna elementa: faza kroz koje sportista prolazi u okviru rehabilitacionog procesa, kriterijuma za progresiju unutar i između faza i ciljeva u okviru faza.

MetodU istraživanju je učestvovalo 30 ispitanika (trenera) iz 4 sportske grane: fudbal, košarka, odbojka i rukomet, koji su imali najmanje 2 uspešno sprovedena procesa oporavka nakon hirurškog tretmana povrede ACL. Treneri su popunjavali anketu koja se sastojala iz 2 skale (ocene 1-5). Prva skala se odnosila na procenu postojanja faza procesa i kriterijuma za progresiju unutar i između faza, dok je druga skala podrazumevala procenu postojanja ciljeva (njihove hijerarhijske zavisnosti) u okviru faza.

Rezultati i diskusijaRezultati obe skale pokazali su postojanje kriterijuma za progresiju treniranosti kod 30 trenera. Naime, u prvoj skali je čak 29 trenera imalo ocene koje su zadovoljile kriterijum postojanja jasno definisanih faza i krit-erijume za progresiju unutar i između faza – ocena „3“ (n=6), ocena „4“ (n=8), ocena „5“ (n=15). U drugoj skali, rezultati su takođe pokazali visok nivo postojanja jasno definisanih, u ovom slučaju ciljeva unutar faza. Frekvencija ocena u drugoj skali podrazumevala je ocenu „4“ (n=9) i ocenu „5“ (n=21), koje su se uzimale kao kriterijum postojanja jasno definisanih ciljeva (postojanje hijerarhijski definisanih ciljeva).

ZaključakDobijeni rezultati pokazali su da kod anketiranih trenera postoje kriterijumi za procenu treniranosti sportista pri rehabilitaciji povrede ACL, odnosno da sportisti prolaze kroz proces oporavka koji je podeljen na faze, pri čemu napredak u okviru/između istih zavisi od jasno definisanih kriterijuma, dok se u okviru faza u najvećoj meri primenjuju hijerarhijski definisani ciljevi. Međutim, potrebna su dodatna istraživanja (uspešnosti ishoda, trajanja karijere nakon završenog oporavka, stepena ponovne povrede, trenažnih sredstava primenjivanih u toku procesa...), kako bi se izvršila sveobuhvatnija procena uspešnosti procesa rehabilitacije povrede ACL.

Ključne reči: sportske povrede, prednji ukršteni ligament, faze oporavka, kriterijumi za progresiju, povratak u sport

Reference Andrews, J.R., Harrelson, G.L., & Wilk, K.E. (2012). Physical Rehabilitation of the Injured Athlete: Expert Consult-Online and Print. Elsevier Health Sciences.Buckthorpe, M. (2019). Optimising the late-stage rehabilitation and return-to-sport training and testing process after ACL reconstruc-tion. Sports Medicine, 1-16.

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CONTEXTUAL INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING VOLLEYBALL SKILLS

Zdravko Aničić; Miloš Petrović; Olivera Knežević; Marko ErakFaculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction Motor control has a great scientific influence in the field of sports and with it, motoric learning as a significant aspect of motor control. In motoric learning, „contextual interference“ could be associated to organisation of the order in actual learning of a skill (training) (Battig, 1979). There are two types of learning organisation, one in which the concept of learning is different from try to try (randomized leraning), opposite to the tradi-tional concept of learning where an athlete performs several series of tries (block learning). It is considered that high contextual interference (randomized learning), which was considered as a cause of forgetting a skill, leads to better results on some tests in regards to low contextual interference (block learning) (Shea & Moran, 1979). The goal of this research was to include and sum the results of all researches that regarded contextual interference in learning specific volleyball skills and to try to derive eventual commonalities which would define the contextual interference phenomenon.

Method „Google scholar“ and „Pub Med“ were used as search engines for current literature regarding the matter. Based on the keywords and criteria, for the effect of contextual interference on certain volleyball skills (re-cieveing, setting the ball, spiking and serving), 11 researches were found.

Results and discussion Based on the existing articles, it was concluded that there are three articles which deny the effects of con-textual interference on the certain volleyball skills (recieveing, setting the ball, spiking and serving) because there were no significant differences between the respondent groups. The other three, defined that contex-tual interference does not affect certian parameters, and that it affects some of them (serve, spiking). Rest of the five articles confirmed the effect of contextual interference on learning of volleyball skills (recieveing, setting the ball, spiking and serving).

ConclusionIn general, based on these articles, it can be concluded that block learning is more significant in the begin-ning, and that later, for better and more efficient learning of a skill, it is necessary to gradually increase the interference using different combinations of learning as well as using only randomized learning of certain skills.

Key words: motor control, skill learning, randomized learning

ReferencesBattig, W. F. (1979). The flexibility of human memory. Levels of processing and human memory, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 23-44.Shea, J. B., & Morgan, R. L. (1979). Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention

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UČENJE ODBOJKAŠKIH VEŠTINA KONTEKSTUALNIM MEŠANJEM

Zdravko Aničić; Miloš Petrović; Olivera Knežević; Marko ErakUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Uplivom nauke u sferu sporta posebno se istakla motorna kontrola, a samim tim i motorno učenje kao izuzetno značajna oblast motorne kontrole. U motornom učenju ‘’kontekstualno mešanje’’ bi se moglo odnos-iti na načine organizacije redosleda praktičnog vežbanja (Battig, 1979). To su dva vida organizacije učenja, jedan u kome se koncept učenja menja od pokušaja do pokušaja (randomizovano vežbanje), kao suprotnost drugom, tradicionalnom konceptu u kome se izvodi veliki broj ponavljanja (blok vežbanje). Smatra se da visoko kontekstualno mešanje tj. randomizovano vežbanje, koje se ranije smatralo uzrokom zaboravljanja, dovodi do boljih rezultata u nekim testovima u odnosu na nisko kontestualno mešanje, tj. blok vežbanje (Shea & Morgan, 1979). Cilj istraživanja je bio da obuhvati i sumira rezultate dosadašnjih istraživanja koja su se bavila kontekstualnim mešanjem u uvežbavanju određenih elemenata odbojkaške tehnike, i pokušaj da se iz sumiranih rezultata izvuku eventualne zajedničke zakonitosti kojima bi se opisao fenomen kontek-stualnog mešanja.

MetodZa pretragu literature korišćeni su pretraživači „Google scholar“ i „Pub Med“. Na osnovu ključnih reči i krit-erijuma da se u radu ispituje uticaj kontekstualnog mešanja na određene tehničke elemente (odigravanje lopte čekićem, dizanje lopte, smeč, servis), izdvojeno je 11 radova.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Na osnovu pregledane literature ustanovljeno je da postoji tri istraživanja koja demantuju postojanje efeka-ta kontekstualnog mešanja pri učenju određenih odbojkaških veština (odigravanje lopte čekićem, dizan-je lopte, servis), jer nisu utvrđene razlike između grupa ispitanika. Druga tri istraživanja su otkrila da na određene parametre kontekstualno mešanje ne utiče, a na određene utiče (servis, smeč). Ostalih pet studija je potvrdilo efekte kontekstualnog mešanja na učenje odbojkaških tehničkih elemenata (odigravanje lopte čekićem, dizanje lopte, servis).

ZaključakGeneralno posmatrajući ove studije, može se zaključiti da je blok vežbanje značajno u prvim fazama učenja, a da je kasnije, kako bi učenje bilo što efikasnije i dugotrajnije, neophodno postepeno povećavati mešanje koristeći različite kombinacije učenja, kao i samo korišćenje randomizovanog uvežbavanja.

Ključne reči: motorna kontrola, učenje veština, randomizovano vežbanje

LiteraturaBattig, W. F. (1979). The flexibility of human memory. Levels of processing and human memory, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 23-44.Shea, J. B., & Morgan, R. L. (1979). Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. Journal of experimental psychology: Human learning and memory, 5(2), 179.

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FROM BASIC MOTOR SKILLS TO THE ALPINE SKIING TECHNIQUES

Robert RopretFaculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction Skiing instruction includes the processes of motor, perceptive and cognitive learning. The process of learn-ing takes place in sequences - phases. The order of such phases is particularly importnat in skiing instruc-tion irrespective of tradition or specificities of ski shools globally. At the begining of instruction it is necessary to adopt basic motor skills. They are prerequisites for further adopting of specific, skiing skills and sports technique. The subject of this paper is the overview of motor skills, phases and time-spacial parameters in acquiring skiing skills.

Method Emphiric method was deployed in this paper.

Results and discussionLearing skiing is a complex process based on motor learning which incluses specific motor skills (walking on skis, sliding down the slopes, mechanisms for direction changing, maintaining the balanced position), based on motor abilities (coordination, strength, balance...). The skills are adopted in many phases and they are assessed based on accuracy of performance under the conditions of different speed, time consistency, rhythm controling and harmony. ConclusionThe traditional approach to skiing instruction through demonstration and application of different didactical exercises neglects comprehension of learing to ski as learning of a motor skill. Regardless of the diversity of the skiing instruction programs in different ski schools, the process of motor learning requires adequate acquiring of the said basic motor abilities in the stated phases withing the time and spatial paramenters of performance in order to create conditions for adoption of subsequent, specific motor skills, techniques and variants of skiing techniques.

Key words: alpine skiing, skills, motor learning

References Pišot, R. & Lešnik, B. (2015). Basic steps and spatial-temporal dimensions in the process of skills acquisition in alpine skiing. Con-ference: XVIII Scientific Conference “FIS Communications 2015” in physical education, sport and recreation. At: Niš, SerbiaRopret R. & Ilić B. (2010). Generalni i etapni ciljevi u u obuci skijanja. Peti evropski kongres FIEP–a. Zbornik radova. Niš, 571-575.

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OD OSNOVNIH MOTORIČKIH VEŠTINA DO TEHNIKA ALPSKOG SKIJANJA

Robert RopretFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd

UvodObuka skijanja obuhvata procese motornog, perceptivnog i kognitivnog učenja. Učenje se odvija po sekven-cama – etapama. Redosled realizacije ovih etapa ima poseban značaj u učenju skijanja nezavisno od tradici-je ili specifičnosti ski škola širom sveta. Na početku obuke neophodno je usvojiti osnovne motoričke veštine. One su preduslov za usvajanje specifičnih, skijaških veština i sportske tehnike. Predmet rada je pregled motoričkih veština, etapa i vremensko-prostornih parametara u usvajanju skijaških veština.

Metod U radu je primenjen empirijski metod.

Rezultati sa diskusijomUčenje skijanja je kompleksan proces zasnovan na motornom učenju koje obuhvata specifične motorne veš-tine (hodanje na skijama, klizanje niz padinu, mehanizme promene pravca, održavanje ravnotežnog položa-ja), zasnovane na motoričkim sposobnostima (koordinaciji, snazi, ravnoteži...). Veštine se usvajaju kroz više etapa, a procenjuju na osnovu preciznosti izvođenja u uslovima različite brzine, vremenske usklađenosti, kontrole ritma i skladnosti. ZaključakTradicionalni pristup učenja skijanja kroz demonstraciju i primenu različitih metodskih vežbi zanemaruje sagledavanje učenja skijanja kao učenja motoričke veštine. Bez obzira na različitost u programima učenja skijanja u različitim školama skijanja, u procesu motornog učenja se moraju, na adekvatan način, usvojiti u radu navedene osnovne motoričke veštine, kroz navedene etape u okviru vremensko-prostornih parametara izvođenja, kako bi se stvorili uslovi za usvajanje narednih, specifičnih motoričkih veština, tehnika i varijanti tehnika skijanja.

Ključne reči: alpsko skijanje, veštine, motorno učenje

Literatura Pišot, R. & Lešnik, B. (2015). Basic steps and spatial-temporal dimensions in the process of skills acquisition in alpine skiing. Con-ference: XVIII Scientific Conference “FIS Communications 2015” in physical education, sport and recreation. At: Niš, SerbiaRopret R. & Ilić B. (2010). Generalni i etapni ciljevi u u obuci skijanja. Peti evropski kongres FIEP–a. Zbornik radova. Niš, 571-575.

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METHODS OF PARALLEL TURN TRAINING IN ALPINE SKIING

Robert RopretFaculty of sports and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction The methodology of skiing instruction has always been directed towards learning and perfecting the most rational form of change of direction – a parallel turn. The goal of skiing schools worldwide is to utilise the most efficient, economical and rational ways of training so that the student adopts the mechanisms of this form of turning. Two methodological approaches have been differentiated in the training practice so far.

MethodThe deployed method is based on theoretical knowledge and prevailing attitudes available in the form of ski school work programs and their mutual comparison.

Results and discussionThe complexity of the turn mechanics, the necessity for the development of the student’s motor abilities and the properties of the equipment influenced the fact that in most cases, a parallel turn was achieved when making a snowplough. The drawback to this ”traditional” procedure in the subsequent training stages was the problem of overcoming the habit of retention of skis in the plough position. Over time, from the first orga-nized forms of ski training in the late 19th century, several attempts have been made to adapt the method-ological procedure to its final goal: Graduated length method (GLM), Bigfoot, Učenje s podaljševanje smuči (UPS), and other similar methods. The utilization of the aforementioned methods created a necessity for the adjustment of the equipment, whereby the changes were gradually made to the length of the short skis used at the beginning of the training. Thus, by way of disregarding the showplough, the methods of parallel turn training took form.

ConclusionThe methods presented herein have both advantages and disadvantages. The traditional way, by means of showplough turn, enables an easier adjustment to different working conditions, implies more economical but less rational training features. The process of “direct” learning of the parallel turn proved to have a greater training efficiency and rationality but also a significant disadvantage in terms of cost-effectiveness.

Key words: alpine skiing, methods of learning, parallel turn, showplough turn

ReferencesPfeiffer, K. (1966). Learning to Ski by the Graduated Length Method; Ski Magazine (USA)Murovec, S. (2006). Na kanto! UPS- učenje s podaljševanjem smu

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METODE OBUČAVANJA PARALELNOG ZAOKRETA U ALPSKOM SKIJANJU

Robert RopretFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodMetodika obučavanja skijanja je uvek bila usmerena ka učenju i usavršavanju najracionalnije forme promene pravca – paralelnom zaokretu. Cilj ski škola, širom sveta je, kako na što efikasniji, ekonomičniji i racionalniji način obučiti učenika da usvoji mehanizme ove forme zaokretanja. U dosadašnjoj praksi diferencirala su se dva metodska pristupka.

Metod Metod rada se bazira se na teorijskim saznanjima i vladajućim stavovima dostupnim u formi programa rada škola skijanja i njihovoj međusobnoj komparaciji.

Rezultati sa diskusijomSloženost mehanike zaokreta, neophodnost razvoja motoričkih sposobnosti učenika i karakteristike opreme, uticale su da se u najvećem broju slučajeva, do paralelnog zaokreta dolazilo putem zaokreta kada su skije u plužnom odnosu. Nedostatak ovog „tradicionalnog“ postupka, u narednim fazama obuke, predstavljao je problem prevazilaženja-odvikavanja zadržavanja skija u plužnom položaju. Tokom vremena, od prvih organizovanih oblika obučavanja skijanja krajem 19. veka, evidentirano je nekoliko pokušaja da se metodski postupak prilagodi konačnom cilju: Graduated length metod (GLM), Bigfoot, Učenje s podaljševanje smuči (UPS) i druge slične metode. Navedene metode su zahtevale izmene u opremi, početak na kratkim a potom postepenom promenom dužine skija. Tako su nastale metode učenja paralelnog zaokreta bez primene za-okreta sa skijama u plužnom odnosu.

ZaključakPrikazane metode su pokazale pojedinačne prednosti ali i nedostatke. Tradicionalan način, preko plužnog zaokreta, omogućava jednostavnije prilagođavanje različitim uslovima rada, veću ekonomičnost ali manju racionalnost. Postupak sa „direktnim” učenjem paralelnog zaokreta je pokazao veću efikasnost i racional-nost ali značajan nedostatak u ekonomičnosti.

Ključne reči: alpsko skijanje, metode učenja, paralelni zaokret, plužni zaokret

LiteraturaPfeiffer, K. (1966). Learning to Ski by the Graduated Length Method; Ski Magazine (USA)Murovec, S. (2006). Na kanto! UPS- učenje s podaljševanjem smuči. Format Kranj

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THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF ROWING AS A SPORTS DISCIPLINE AT THE MILITARY ACADEMY

Svetislav Šoškić; Uroš Kostić; Dušan StošićUniversity of Defence, Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionRowing contributes to the development and strengthening of all the basic muscle groups of the body. The adoption of the principle of water facilities management is a significant factor for the broad training of future officers of the Serbian Armed Forces, who are also involved in peacetime actions, especially in case of emergency.

MethodThe paper uses the method of theoretical analysis of the curriculum at the Military Academy, plans for non-teaching activities, as well as actions and events that are continuously organized in cooperation with sports organizations in Serbia. The analysis was followed by the systematization of activities, which were subsequently purposely brought in connection with the basic activities of future officers of the Serbian Armed Forces.

Results and discussionStrengthening and development of the locomotor apparatus through the parallel development of the rowing cardiovascular system is very important because the changes made under the influence of rowing remain permanently recorded. The educational component of rowing is reflected in the special care of the equipment, strengthening of character and will with emphasized necessary teamwork, which has a large positive transfer for later work and leadership in the military.Specifically, the military component of rowing includes parts of training related to overcoming water barriers, combat operations in the coastal areas of the Army, cooperation with units of the former Navy, but also a very important peacetime role in flood rescue and other types of emergencies.The sport component of rowing includes training and competitions within and between military units.

ConclusionIn the paper, through the components of rowing, the importance of the application and development of rowing in the Serbian Armed Forces and the Military Academy is emphasized. In addition to the generally accepted benefits of rowing, the applicability of rowing in armed activities performed by members of the Armed Forces of the Serbian Armed Forces is very significant. Rowing, represented through the various contents of special physical education, sports and recreation at the Military Academy, enables greater efficiency and speed of performing certain tasks and for the comprehensive development of the modern professional soldier.

Key words: rowing, ergometers, boats

ReferencesDržavni Sekretarijat za narodnu odbranu (1968): Pravilo za veslanje i jedrenje u čamcima ratne mornarice, Split.Žeželj, A. (1978): Veslanje, Sportska knjiga, Beograd.

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RAZVOJ I ZNAČAJ VESLANJA KAO SPORTSKE DISCIPLINE NA VOJNOJ AKADEMIJI

Svetislav Šoškić; Uroš Kostić; Dušan StošićUniverzitet odbrane, Vojna Akademija, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Veslanje doprinosi razvoju i jačanju svih osnovnih mišićnih grupa tela. Usvajanje principa rukovanja objek-tima na vodi predstavlja značajan faktor za široko osposobljavanje budućih oficira Vojske Srbije, koje se ispoljavaju i u mirnodopskim akcijama posebno u slučaju vanrednih situacija.

MetodU radu je korišćena metoda teorijske analize nastavnog plana na Vojnoj akademiji, planova vančasovnih nastavnih aktivnosti, ali i akcija i manifestacija koje se kontinuirano organizuju u saradnji sa sportskim orga-nizacijamam u Srbiji. Po izvršenoj analizi usledila je sistematizacija aktivnosti, koje su kasnije svrsishodno dovedena u vezu sa osnovnim aktivnostima budućih oficira Vojske Srbije.

Rezultati sa diskusijomJačanje i razvoj lokomotornog aparata, kroz paralelno razvijanje kardiovaskularnog sistema veslača je veo-ma značajno jer promene, nastale pod uticajem veslanja ostaju trajno zabeležene. Vaspitno obrazovna komponenta veslanja se ogleda u posebnoj brizi o opremi, jačanju karaktera i volje uz naglašeni neophodni timski rad, koji ima veliki pozitivni transfer za kasniji rad i rukovođenje u vojsci.Specifično vojna komponenta veslanja obuhvata delove obuke koji se odnose na savladavanje vodenih prepreka, borbena dejstva u priobalnim područjima kopnene vojske, kooperaciju sa jedinicama nekadašnje ratne mornarice, ali i veoma bitnu mirnodopsku ulogu u spašavanju od poplava i dejstva u drugim tipovima vanrednih situacija.Sportska komponenta veslanja obuhvata trening i takmičenja u okviru i između vojnih jedinica.

ZaključakU radu je preko komponenti veslanja, istaknut značaj primene i razvoja veslanja u Vojsci Srbije i na Vojnoj akademiji. Pored opšteprihvaćenih benefita bavljenja veslanjem, veoma značajna je i primenljivost veslanja u oružanim dejstvima koje izvode pripadnici oružanih snaga Vojske Srbije. Veslanje zastupljeno kroz različite sadržaje specijalnog fizičkog vaspitanja, sporta i rekreacije na Vojnoj akademiji omogućava veću efikasnost i brzinu izvršavanja određenih zadataka tako i za sveobuhvatan razvoj savremenog profesionalnog vojnika.

Ključne reči: veslanje, ergometri, čamci za veslanje

LiteraturaDržavni Sekretarijat za narodnu odbranu (1968): Pravilo za veslanje i jedrenje u čamcima ratne mornarice, Split.Žeželj, A. (1978): Veslanje, Sportska knjiga, Beograd.

Management, organization and marketing in physical

education, sport and recreation

Menadžment, organizacija i marketing u fizičkom vaspitanju,

sportu i rekreaciji

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STRUCTURE OF UNEMPLOYED PERSONS WITHIN THE SPORTS PROFESSIONS AND VOCATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Goran Džafić¹; Darko Mitrović²¹ National employment service, Belgrade, Serbia² Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionSince 2011, Sporting Documents have obliged sports professionals to obtain appropriate qualifications for working in sports. The consequence of these rules is that higher education institutions and sports organiza-tions implement programs of non-formal and regular formal education of personnel in sports. Since 2011, a large number of participants of these programs have been trained in sports in the Republic of Serbia.The aim of this paper is to determine the structure of unemployed sports professionals by gender, sports professions and occupations, age, length of job search and geographical distribution.

MethodThe sample of the research is unemployed sports experts from the territory of the Republic of Serbia, N = 361, from the records of the National Employment Service, according to the records of November 25, 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to process the results.

Results and discussion The results of the research showed that 361 sports professionals are unemployed in the Republic of Serbia, of which 277 are unemployed men and 84 women. All respondents were classified into 52 subgroups by nomenclature of sports titles and occupations, of which 20 subgroups were defined by sports titles and occupations up to the 5th, and 32 subgroups were defined from the 6th to 10th level of qualifications (Law on National Qualifications Framework “Official Gazette of RS”, No. 27/2018). In the subgroups up to the 5th level there are 235 unemployed, 65%, of which 183 men and 52 women. There are 126 unemployed peo-ple in the 6th to 10th level subgroups, 35%, of which 94 are men and 32 are women. The highest number of unemployed in the sample is 30-39 years N = 171. Most unemployed people are looking for work in the range up to 3 months N = 57 and 3-5 years N = 55. The highest number of unemployed is in the Belgrade District, 43%.

ConclusionBased on the results analyzed so far, we conclude that a higher percentage of the unemployed whose qualification level comes from informal education programs for sports professions and professions. Formal education in the field of sports produces more vocations and occupations of higher qualifications, but the total number of unemployed is smaller.

Key words: sports, education, nomenclature

ReferencesZakon o sportu Republike Srbije, „Sl. Glasnik RS, br. 10.,2016“.Pravilnik o stručnom osposobljavanju za obavljanje odredjenih stručnih poslova u sportu, „Sl. Glasnik RS, br. 8.,2013“.

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STRUKTURA NEZAPOSLENIH LICA U OKVIRU SPORTSKIH ZANIMANJA I ZVANJA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

Goran Džafić¹; Darko Mitrović²¹ Nacionalna služba za zapošljavanje, Beograd, Srbija. ² Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerzitiet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Upravljački dokumenti u sportu od 2011. godine obavezuju sportske stručnjake na sticanje odgovarajućih kvalifikacija za rad u sportu. Posledica ovih pravila je da visoko školske ustanove i sportske organizacije sprovode programe neformalnog, ali i redovnog formalnog obrazovanja kadrova u sportu. Veliki broj polaz-nika ovih programa, od 2011. godine se školuje za rad u sportu u Republici Srbiji.Cilj ovog rada je utvrdi kakva je struktura nezaposlenih sportskih stručnjaka po polu, sportskim zanimanjima i zvanjima, uzrastu, dužini traženja posla i geografskoj raspoređenosti. Metod Uzorak istraživanja su nezaposleni sportski stručnjaci sa teritorije Republike Srbije, N=361, iz evidencije Nacionalne službe za zapošljavanje, prema evidenciji od 25. novembra 2019. godine. Za obradu rezultata je korišćena deskriptivna statistika.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je u Republici Srbiji nezaposlen 361 sportski stručnjak, od čega je 277 nezaposlenih muškaraca i 84 žene. Svi ispitanici su svrstani u 52 podgrupe po nomenklaturi sportskih zvanja i zanimanja, od toga je 20 podgrupa definisanih sportskih zvanja i zanimanja do 5-og, a 32 podgrupe su definisane od 6-tog do 10-tog nivoa kvalifikacija (Zakon o nacionalnom okviru kvalifikacija “Sl. glasnik RS”, br. 27/2018). U podgrupama do 5-og nivoa je 235 nezaposlenih, 65%, od čega 183 muškarca i 52 žene. U podgrupama od 6-tog do 10-tog nivoa je 126 nezaposlenih lica, 35%, od čega je 94 muškaraca i 32 žene. Najveći broj nezaposlenih u uzorku je starosti 30-39 godina N=171. Najveći broj nezaposlenih traži posao u rasponu do 3 meseca N=57 i 3-5 godina N=55. Najveći broj nezaposlenih se nalazi u Beogradskom okrugu, 43%.

Zaključak Na osnovu, do sada obrađenih rezultata, zaključuje se da je veći procenat nezaposlenih čiji nivo kvalifikacija potiče iz neformalnih programa obrazovanja za sportska zvanja i zanimanja. Formalno obrazovanje, u oblas-ti sporta, produkuje veći broj zvanja i zanimanja višeg nivoa kvalifikacija, ali je ukupan broj nezaposlenih manji.

Ključne reči: sport, obrazovanje, nomenklatura

Literatura Zakon o sportu Republike srbije, „Sl. Glasnik RS, br. 10.,2016“. Pravilnik o stručnom osposobljavanju za obavljanje odredjenih stručnih poslova u sportu, „Sl. Glasnik RS, br. 8.,2013“.

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EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES FOR BANED OF USE OF A MOUNTAINEERING FACILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF VIA FERATTA “BRUNO BIONDI” (ITALY) AND PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

Ilija Andrejić1; Milorad Marković2; Dragan Petrić1; Nikola Rvović11 MC ”Kamena gora”, Prijepolje, Serbia2 MSC “Avala”, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionOn location of San Lorenzo (Italy), was made an experimental ascent on Bruno Biondi via ferrata, with a bane on climbing. An ascent was performed to identify causes that were not listed at the time of closure of the via feratta. The task is to analyze the safety structure with the potential dangers mentioned ferrate (Schubert, 1997).

MethodThe paper will use a theoretical analysis method preceded by the experimental climb of specially trained alpinists, detailing the provided direction, video and audio instruments, a Go Pro and Nikon D3000 camera.

Results and discussion The ban was found to relate to a segment of ferrata between 10 and 15 meters in length, that damaged the anchorage. In this part, the bridging of the ferratte through the traverse was performed (Милетич, 2018) and further movement was established to exit the equipped direction.

ConclusionBanning the use of a particular mountain facility, it should be preceded by the provision of detailed informa-tion about the possibility of his ”partial use” by certain categories of climbers.

Key words: via feratta, baned of use, experimental climb, safety, climb analysis

ReferencesМилетич, В. (2018). Методика на обучение по алпинизьм. Национална Спортна Академия ”Васил Левски”, София.Schubert, P. (1997). Sicherheit und Risiko in Fels und Eis. DAV, München.

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EVALUACIJA PROCEDURA ZABRANE KORIŠĆENJA PLANINARSKOG OBJEKTA NA PRIMERU VIA FERATE “BRUNO BIONDI” (ITALIJA) I PREDLOZI MERA ZA POBOLJŠANJE

Ilija Andrejić1; Milorad Marković2; Dragan Petrić1; Nikola Rvović11 PK ”Kamena gora”, Prijepolje, Srbija2 PSK “Avala”, Beograd, Srbija

UvodNa lokaciji San Lorenzo (Italija), izvršen je eksperimentalni uspon na via feratu Bruno Biondi, sa zabranom kretanja. Uspon je izveden kako bi se utvrdili uzroci koji nisu bili navedeni prilikom zatvaranja oklinčanog puta. Zadatak je da se analizira bezbednosna struktura sa potencijalnim opasnostima navedene ferate (Schubert, 1997).

Metod U radu je korišćen metod teorijske analize kome je prethodio eksperimentalni uspon posebno obučenih al-pinista, pri kome će biti detaljno snimljen navedeni obezbeđeni smer, video i audio instrumentima, kamerom marke Go Pro i foto-aparatom marke Nikon D3000.

Rezultati sa diskusijomUtvrđeno je da je se zabrana odnosila na segment ferate u dužini između 10 i 15 metara, na kome je ošteće-no sidrište. Na ovom delu je izvršeno premošćavanje ferate kroz traverzu (Милетич, 2018) i uspostavljeno dalje kretanje do izlaska iz opremljene smeri.

ZaključakZabranom upotrebe konkretnog planinarskog objekta, trebalo bi da prethodi pružanje detaljne informacije zbog mogućnosti njegove ”parcijalne upotrebe” od strane određenih kategorija planinara.

Ključne reči: via ferata, zabrana upotrebe, eksperimentalni uspon, bezbednost, analiza uspona

Literatura Милетич, В. (2018). Методика на обучение по алпинизьм. Национална Спортна Академия ”Васил Левски”, София.Schubert, P. (1997). Sicherheit und Risiko in Fels und Eis. DAV, München

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SPATIO-TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF KINDERGARTEN AS AN INCENTIVE TO ENGAGE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AT PRESCHOOL AGE

Ljiljana Stankov; Sanja Vuletić; Mira Jovanović; Nataša StarčevićPreschool Teacher Training College, Šabac, Serbia

IntroductionIn pre-school institutions in Serbia, the work program is implemented on the basis of different models i.e. Models A and B, as well as the Basics of pre-school education program known as “Years of the Rise” [Go-dine uzleta], grounded on different concepts that are reflected in the spatio-temporal structure of the kin-dergarten.

MethodIn the conducted empirical research, a descriptive method was applied, with the aim of understanding, from the perspective of a preschool teacher, the extent to which the spatio-temporal structure of the kindergarten enables children to develop their motor skills. The objectives of the research were to find out which spaces in the kindergarten are being used and how they are being restructured, how to stimulate the development of children’s motor skills, who is involved in this process and to what extent a time structure is flexible to match the physical needs of children. A survey the instrument was a questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this research. The sample consisted of 35 students of master vocational studies at the Preschool Teacher Training College in Sabac, in the school year of 2019/20, who work as preschool teachers at the state pre-school institutions located in seven cities in Serbia.

Results and discussion The results of the research showed that morning physical exercise routine takes place in work rooms or halls. During working days, the kindergarten yards are most commonly used. The restructuring of the space is carried out in accordance with the themes and projects that are being implemented, in which preschool teachers, children and parents participate. The planning process for stimulating the development of motor skills is based on monitoring the needs and interests of children, and in addition to preschool teachers, pro-fessional associates for physical education (25% of responses) and parents are involved. The flexibility of spatio-temporal structure is more noticeable when educational work is carried out according to Model A and Basics of education program.

ConclusionPhysical activities are present on a daily basis in educational work but generally there is no possibility for individualization of approaches which, by special programs, would encourage less pronounced motor skills of children. The solution to the problem could be expected by involving more professional associates for physical education in the educational process, which would contribute to the development of the program.

Key words: kindergarten, preschool teachers, preschool age, physical activity, motor skills

ReferencesKrnjaja, Ž. i Pavlović Breneselović, D. (2013). Gde stanuje kvalitet. Knjiga 1. Politika građenja kvaliteta u predškolskom vaspitanju. Beograd: Institut za pedagogiju i andragogiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu.Milenković, D. A. (2018). Fizičko vaspitanje i antropološki status dece predškolskog uzrasta. Nastava i vaspitanje. LXVII/ 2: 341-355.

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PROSTORNO-VREMENSKA STRUKTURA DEČJEG VRTIĆA KAO PODSTICAJ ZA BAVLJENJE FIZIČKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA NA PREDŠKOLSKOM UZRASTU

Ljiljana Stankov; Sanja Vuletić; Mira Jovanović; Nataša StarčevićVisoka škola strukovnih studija za vaspitače, Šabac, Srbija

Uvod U predškolskim ustanovama u Srbiji program rada se realizuje na osnovu različitih modela – Modela A i B, i Osnova programa predškolskog vaspitanja i obrazovanja “Godine uzleta,” zasnovanim na različitim koncep-cijama, koje se odražavaju i na prostorno-vremensku strukturu vrtića.

MetodU empirijskom istraživanju je primenjena deskriptivna metoda, sa ciljem da se, iz perspektive vaspitača, sagleda u kojoj meri prostorno-vremenska struktura vrtića omogućava razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti dece. Zadaci istraživanja su bili da se sazna koji se prostori vrtića koriste i na koji način se restrukturiraju, na koji način se planira stimulisanje razvoja motoričkih sposobnosti dece i ko je uključen u ovaj proces, koliko je vremenska struktura fleksibilna da bi se uskladila sa potrebama dece za fizičkim aktivnostima. Istraživački instrument je anketni upitnik, konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Uzorak je činilo 35 studenata master strukovnih studija u Visokoj školi strukovnih studija za vaspitače u Šapcu, školske 2019/20. godine, koji rade kao vaspitači u državnim predškolskim ustanovama u sedam gradova u Srbiji.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se jutarnje telesno vežbanje odvija u radnim sobama ili salama. U toku radnog dana se najčešće koristi dvorište vrtića. Restrukturiranje prostora se odvija u skladu sa temama i pro-jektima koji se realizuju, u čemu učestvuju vaspitači, deca i roditelji. Proces planiranja stimulisanja razvoja motoričkih sposobnosti se zasniva na praćenju potreba i interesovanja dece a osim vaspitača, uključuju se stručni saradnici za fizičko vaspitanje (25% odgovora) i roditelji. Fleksibilnost prostorno-vremenske strukture više je izražena kada se vaspitno-obrazovni rad odvija po Modelu A i Osnovama programa.

Zaključak Fizičke aktivnosti su svakodnevno prisutne u vaspitno-obrazovnom radu, ali uglavnom nema mogućnosti za individualizaciju pristupa kojim bi se, posebnim programima, podsticale slabije izražene motoričke sposob-nosti dece. Rešenje problema bi se moglo očekivati uključivanjem većeg broja stručnih saradnika za fizičko vaspitanje u vaspitno-obrazovni proces, koji bi doprinosili razvoju programa.

Ključne reči: dečji vrtić, vaspitači, predškolski uzrast, fizičke aktivnosti, motoričke sposobnosti

LiteraturaKrnjaja, Ž. i Pavlović Breneselović, D. (2013). Gde stanuje kvalitet. Knjiga 1. Politika građenja kvaliteta u predškolskom vaspitanju. Beograd: Institut za pedagogiju i andragogiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu.Milenković, D. A. (2018). Fizičko vaspitanje i antropološki status dece predškolskog uzrasta. Nastava i vaspitanje. LXVII/ 2: 341-355.

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SPELEOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IN THE RESAVA CAVE

Milorad Kličković1; Milorad Marković2; Gordana Milošević31 Institute for Conservation on Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia2 MSC „Avala“, Belgrade, Serbia3 PC „Resava Cave“, Despotovac, Serbia

IntroductionThe Speleology Commission of the Mountaineering Association of Serbia, at the invitation of the Public Com-pany ”Resava Cave”, conducted the Basic Speleological Training for the employees of the Public Company in 2011. The training was conducted in accordance with the training program of the Mountaineering Associ-ation of Serbia for the title of ”prentice-speleologist”.

MethodThe paper describes for the first time detail experimental process of speleological training with separate teaching units. All 11 trainees successfully completed the training. Employees who received training, in addition to their vocations, acquired new knowledge from them in relatively new fields and formed a new perspective on speleological objects and their use.

Results and discussionThe importance of quality training opens the possibility of further upgrading the skills and knowledge ac-quired in an organized course, which enables all its students to improve.

ConclusionThe mentioned training significantly improved the quality of work of the employees of the Public Company ”Resavа Cave” in several aspects, and also by joining the work of newly trained prentice-speleologist, the Mountaineering and Speleological Club ”Resava” was established with its headquarters in Strmosten near Despotovac.

Key words: speleology, program of training, touristic caves

ReferencesMarbach, G., Tourte, B. (2002). Alpine Caving Techniques. Speleo Project, Allschwil.Warild, A. (1988). Vertical. A Technical Manual for Cavers. SRC, Newtown

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SPELEOLOŠKA OBUKA ZAPOSLENIH U RESAVSKOJ PEĆINI

Milorad Kličković1; Milorad Marković2; Gordana Milošević31 Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije, Beograd, Srbija2 PSK „Avala“, Beograd, Srbija3 JP „Resavska pećina“ Despotovac, Srbija

UvodKomisija za speleologiju Planinarskog saveza Srbije na poziv Javnog preduzeća „Resavska pećina“, izvela je 2011. godine Osnovnu speleološku obuku za zaposlene u Javnom preduzeću. Obuka je izvedena po programu obuke Planinarskog saveza Srbije za zvanje „speleolog-pripravnik“.

MetodU radu je detaljno i po prvi put javno opisan eksperimentalni proces speleološke obuke sa izdvojenim nas-tavnim celinama. Obuku je uspešno završilo svih 11 polaznika. Zaposleni koji su prošli obuku, pored zvanja, stekli su nova znanja iz njima relativno nove oblasti i formirali novi pogled na speleološke objekte i njihovo korišćenje.

Rezultati sa diskusijomZnačaj kvalitetno izvršene obuke otvara mogućnosti dalje nadgradnje umenja i znanja stečenih na organizo-vanom kursu, čime je moguće usavršavati sve njegove polaznike.

ZaključakNavedenom obukom značajno je podignut kvalitet rada zaposlenih Javnog preduzeća „Resavska pećina„ po više aspekata, a takođe udruživanjem dela novopečenih speleologa-pripravnika formiran je Planinar-sko-speleološki klub „Resava“ sa sedištem u Strmostenu kod Despotovca.

Ključne reči: speleologija, program obuke, turističke pećine

Literatura Marbach, G., Tourte, B. (2002). Alpine Caving Techniques. Speleo Project, Allschwil.Warild, A. (1988). Vertical. A Technical Manual for Cavers. SRC, Newtown

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PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ADVOCACY VERSUS LOBBYING IN SPORT: A CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND COMPARATIVES INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE

Nenad Vasić1; Daniel Heler2,31 Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade2 Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade3 Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Praha

Issues related to the public relations or relations among people in the public sphere appear to be quite old and well-known. These are not only historical and civilizational facts, that every human being has certain need for communication, but it is also a matter of societal need in terms of maintaining relationships among people. Therefore, it also applies to any profession in the contemporary world, including law business deal-ing with communication and correspondence with their clients. This is also the case with lobbyists and their professional work in lobbying firms with their clients, that inter alia includes sport, physical culture and ed-ucation. However, there appear to be differentia specifica in terms of relationship between public relations, advocacy and lobbying in the contemporary world. In some states, it is possible that well-known public re-lations professionals or acknowledged attorneys can also engage in lobbying, if legally allowed and socially accepted, but sometimes it is not the case. In our case of the state Republic of Serbia, even though the Law on Lobbying was passed on November 9, 2018, the provision of Article 4 enables unregistered lobbyists to engage in lobbying activities, making them in fact equal with the registered ones in an unjustified and unnecessary manner. This should be corrected in the first possible amendment of the Law on Lobbying in Serbia by excluding unregistered lobbyists from the current legal regulation, thus contributing to legality, transparency, anti-corruption and democracy in the state and society, including the sphere of sport and so the sport lobbying.

Key words: Republic of Serbia, lobbying, advocacy, public relations, sport

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ODNOSI SA JAVNOŠĆU I ADVOKATURA NASUPROT LOBIRANJU U SPORTU: STUDIJA SLUČAJA REPUBLIKA SRBIJA I UPOREDNA MEĐUNARODNA PRAKSA

Nenad Vasić1; Daniel Heler2,31 Institut za međunarodnu politiku i privredu, Beograd2 Fakultet političkih nauka, Univerzitet u Beogradu3 Fakultet društvenih nauka, Karlov Univerzitet, Prag

Pitanja povezana sa odnosima s javnošću ili odnosima u javnosti, među ljudima su stara i dobro poznata. Ona nisu samo istorijska i civilizacijska činjenica, da svaki čovek ima potrebu za komunikacijom, već su i društvena potreba u odnosima sa ostalim ljudima. Samim time, to se odnosi i na bilo koju drugu profesiju u savremenom svetu, pa i na advokatske poslove koji se tiču komunikacije i korespondencije sa njihovim klijentima. Takav je slučaj i sa lobiostima i njihovim profesionalnim poslom u lobističkim firmama, kao i sa kli-jentima, a koji mogu da se, između ostalog, odnose i na sport, sportsku kulturu i fizičko vaspitanje. Međutim, ono što je differentia specifica između odnosa sa javnošću, advokature i lobiranja, jeste da u savremenom svetu pa i u našoj studiji slučaja Republike Srbije, to nije svuda isto. Negde je moguće da se i afirmisani pro-fesionalci odnosa sa javnošću ili pak poznati advokati mogu baviti i poslovima lobiranja ukoliko je to zakonski omogućeno i društveno priznato, ali negde i nije. U slučaju Srbije, iako je donesen Zakon o lobiranju 9. no-vembra 2018. godine, odredbom člana 4 omogućuje se bavljenje lobiranjem i neregistrovanim lobistima, koji su izjednačeni neopravdano i nepotrebno sa registrovanim lobistima. To bi trebalo, u prvoj izmeni i dopuni primene pomenutog Zakona o lobiranju u Srbiji, ispraviti eliminisanjem neregistrovanih lobista iz važeće regulative i time doprineti potpunoj zakonitosti, transparentnosti, boljoj antikoruptivnosti i demokratičnosti u državi i građanskom društvu, pa i sportu i lobiranju u sportu.

Ključne reči: Republika Srbija, lobiranje, advokatura, odnosi sa javnošću, sport

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GLOBAL SCHEME FOR LEARNING SPORTS OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

Vladimir Miletić1; Boban Milojković2; Milorad Marković3; Željko Rajković11 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia3 Gendarmery, Republic of Serbia Ministry of Interior, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionObserving the training and application of Outdoor activities, one can see its complexity, wide scope and diversity. The theme of Outdoor activities, in addition to program content, also includes the structure of or-ganizational content. Being the subject of Outdoor activities, they have a specific methodology for learning consisting of: learning about the natural environment (GENERAL), learning about the specific environment (SPECIFIC) and learning about moving activities.

MethodThe method of theoretical analysis of the content of scientific and professional literature was used, as well as a causal method with systematization of professional experiences and insights of the authors. The informa-tion was treated with a cybernetic, mathematical and innovative approach, on the basis of which the smallest common content of a complex methodology for training Outdoor activities was defined.

Results and discussionBy presenting the concepts conceived, cyber-mathematical solutions were obtained: the Pyramid Concept and the Global Scheme for Training Outdoor activities. The concept and scheme encompass all procedures, disciplines and categories through the conceptual representation and integration of all emergent elements.

ConclusionThe Global scheme in the system of training Outdoor activities integrates all the elements contained in the presented area, thus confirming the importance of multidisciplinarity in the complex organization of the teaching process. A multidisciplinary and minimalist approach is most desirable and as such will have echoes in the near future, both in physical culture and other disciplines. The importance of establishing the presented Global learning Scheme and identifying the factors contained therein influences the quality of knowledge of educators, and consequently the quality of trainees.

Key words: multidisciplinary, complexity, minimalist approach, organization, quality of training

ReferencesCristopherson, R. W. (2012): Geosystems - an introduction to physical geography - 8. edition. Pearson, Glenview.Милетич, В. (2018). Методика на обучение по алпинизъм. Дисертация. Национална спортна академия ”Васил Левски”, София.

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GLOBALNA ŠEMA OBUČAVANJA SPORTSKIH AKTIVNOSTI U PRIRODI

Vladimir Miletić1; Boban Milojković2; Milorad Marković3; Željko Rajković11 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija 2 Kriminalističko Policijski Univerzitet, Beograd, Srbija3 Žandarmerija, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

UvodPosmatranjem obučavanja i aplikacije aktivnosti u prirodi, uviđa se njena kompleksnost, široki obuhvat i raznovrsnost. Tematika Aktivnosti u prirodi, pored programskih sadržaja podrazumeva i strukturu organi-zacionih sadržaja. Kako su predmet izučavanja aktivnosti u prirodi, iste imaju određenu metodologiju za obučavanje sastavljenu od: upoznavanja sa prirodnim okruženjem (OPŠTE), upoznavanja sa specifičnim ambijentom (SPECIFIČNO) i učenja o kretnim aktivnostima.

MetodU radu su korišćena metoda teorijske analize sadržaja naučne i stručne literature, kao i kauzalna metoda sa sistematizacijom profesionalnih iskustava i uvida autora. Informacije su tretirane kibernetičkim, matem-atičkim i inovacionim pristupom, na osnovu kojih je definisan najmanji zajednički sadržalac kompleksne metodologije obučavanja aktivnosti u prirodi.

Rezultati sa diskusijomPrikazom osmišljenih koncepata došlo se do kibernetičko-matematičkih rešenja: Piramidalnog koncepta i Globalne šeme obučavanja aktivnosti u prirodi. Koncept i šema obuhvataju sve postupke, discipline i kate-gorije kroz konceptualni prikaz i integraciju svih pojavnih elemenata.

ZaključakGlobalnom šemom u sistemu obučavanja Aktivnosti u prirodi, integrišu se svi sadržani elementi u predočenu oblast, čime se potvrđuje značaj multidisciplinarnosti u sastavu složenih organizacija nastavnog procesa. Multidisciplinarni i minimalistički pristup najpoželjniji je i kao takav imaće odjeka u bliskoj budućnosti, kako u fizičkoj kulturi tako i drugim disciplinama. Važnost uspostavljanja prikazane Globalne šeme obučavanja i ustanovljavanje, u njoj sadržanih faktora, utiče na kvalitet znanja edukatora, a konsekventno tome i kvalitet obučavanih.

Ključne reči: multidisciplinarnost, kompleksnost, minimalistički pristup, organizacija, kvalitet obuke

LiteraturaCristopherson, R. W. (2012): Geosystems - an introduction to physical geography - 8. edition. Pearson, Glenview.Милетич, В. (2018). Методика на обучение по алпинизъм. Дисертация. Национална спортна академия ”Васил Левски”, София.

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DEFICITS OF EFFECTIVE SCHOOL LEADERSHIP ACCORDING TO THE PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

Tzeni Deligiannidou1; Ioannis Athanailidis2; Athanasios Laios2; Amalia Stafyla1; Arvanitidou Vasileia2 1 University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Komotini Greece 2 TEI of Central Macedonia, Logistics Department Greece Institution

Introduction Taking into account the crucial role of educational leadership in the effective functioning of the educational organization, the present study attempted to identify the effective school-leader as well as the greatest need for improvement, according to the opinions of PE teachers through the descriptions of their personal expe-riences.

Method A total of 223 PE teachers (127 male, 96 female) who served during the school year 2017-2018 in the school units of primary and secondary education, participated in the survey. They were asked to rate the character-istics of effective principals. Their perceptions about the efficiency of their principal were measured through the questionnaire of Pashiardis and Orphanou (1999). For data analysis the statistical package ΙΒΜ SPSS Statistics 25 was used. Descriptive statistics were used (mean values, averages, standard deviations and frequencies) to determine the leadership skills that PE teachers identify as more significant and that are demonstrated from principals.

ResultsFinaly the study did not take into account the views and perceptions of all the parts of the educational process (e.g. students-parents) about the effective management of a principal, as well as the views and perceptions of the senior executives (e.g. Consultants – Directors of Education). Gap analysis indicated discrepancies in all the statements of the questionnaire, between what is considered important by the PE teachers and what is ultimately applied by the principals. P E teachers consider that when practicing their duties, principals do not meet their expected level of performance and declare that areas to be improved are: a) human resource management, b) development of the school climate, c) exploitation of research find-ings for education leadership.

ConclusionIn conclusion, one could argue that Greek PE teachers need principals with a deep knowledge of organiza-tion and management in order to be effective.

Key words: school effectiveness, educational leadership, principals’ leadership skills

ReferencesBrauckmann, S., & Pashiardis, P. (2011). A validation study of the leadership styles of holistic leadership theoretical framework. International Journal of Educational Management, 25 (1), 11-32.Pashiardis, P., Costa, J. A., Mendes, A.N., Ventura, A. (2005). The Perceptions of the Principal Versus the Perceptions of the Teach-ers: A case study from Portugal. International Journal of Educational Management, 19 (7), 587-604.

Pedagogical issues and physical education, sport and

recreation

Pedagoški problemi i fizičko vaspitanje, sport i rekreacija

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SOME NEW PEDAGOGICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, ETHICAL AND MOTOR ISSUES IN EDUCATION OF THE “INTERNET GENERATION”

Branka Savović, Sandra Radenović, Miloš MarkovićUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction An increasing interest in IT systems occurred in the last decades. The screens (of TVs, computers and tele-phones) dominate our lives. According to the official data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia for 2019, as much as 83,6% of the population uses computers (100% of students) whereas 93,7% of the citizens use mobile phones. Almost everyone has access to the Internet. 70,8% of the Internet population have a social network account. Contemporary relevant literature discusses the implications of this situation for the overall and particularly pedagogical, sociological, ethical and motor development of the young.

Method The method of theoretical analysis of contemporary professional literature from this field was used in this paper with an aim to summarize and comment some newly created pedagogical, sociological, ethical and motor issues in educational work with children and the youth.

Results and discussionTheoretical analysis of the relevant literature indicated the generation shift, which started beginning with the generation that popularized the Internet to the ones who accessed the Internet to read messages, search for information or played video games. Consequently, new issues of the young were observed, most often in the social area. The limits of “the Internet normality” (Jugović, 2014:247) were also discussed. Today, a new wave consists of the persons who do not access the Internet but are always connected. Completely new forms of socializations have been reported and the abilities such as multiscreening and multitasking (Chayko, 2019) Based on the results, the paper argues about the implications of such situation and under-lines the new roles of a coach and PE teacher in education of the Internet generations.

ConclusionVia the Internet, the virtual contents form modern social, ethical and consequently the educational context. Social development of the youth takes place in a virtual world most often through many of the social groups and goes into new, insufficiently researched directions, under new ethical rules. Motor abilities change. Therefore, the roles of coach and PE teacher as a role model of the young change in modern education.

Key words: education, the young, the Internet, pedagogical, sociological, ethical and motor issues

ReferencesČejko, M. (2019). Superpovezani. Clio: Beograd.Jugović, A. (2014). Zapisi iz anomije. Institut za sociološka i kriminološka istraživanja: Beograd.

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NEKI NOVI PEDAGOŠKI, SOCIOLOŠKI, ETIČKI I MOTORIČKI PROBLEMI U VASPITANJU „INTERNET GENERACIJE“

Branka Savović, Sandra Radenović, Miloš MarkovićUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodPoslednjih decenija došlo je do izuzetne popularizacije informatičkih sistema. Živi se u svetu vladavine (tele-vizijskih, kompjuterskih i telefonskih) ekrana. Prema zvaničnim podacima Republičkog zavoda za statistiku RS iz 2019. godine, računar koristi 83,6% stanovništva (i 100% studenata). Nadalje, 93,7% stanovništva koristi mobilni telefon. Gotovo svi imaju pristup internetu. Od ispitanih, 70,8% internet populacije ima naloge na društvenim mrežama. U savremenoj stručnoj literaturi polemiše se o implikacijama ovakvog stanja na sveukupni, a posebno na pedagoški, sociološki, etički i motorički razvoj mladih.

Metod U radu je korišćen metod teorijske analize savremene stručne literature iz ove oblasti sa ciljem da se sum-iraju i prokomentarišu neki novonastali pedagoški, sociološki, etički i motorički problemi u vaspitno-obrazov-nom radu sa decom i mladima.

Rezultati sa diskusijomTeorijskom analizom relevantne literature uočeno je da je došlo do smena generacija, počev od generacije koja je popularizovala internet do onih koji su „išli“ na internet zarad poruka, informacija ili video - igrica. Posledično, uočeni su novi problemi mladih, najčešće u socijalnoj sferi. Polemisalo se o granicama „internet normalnosti“ (Jugović, 2014, str.247). Danas, novi talas čine osobe koje sve manje „idu“ na internet, one su neprestano umrežene. Registrovani su sasvim novi oblici socijalizacije a razvijaju se sposobnosti kao što su „multiskrining“ i „multitasking“ (Čejko, 2019). Shodno rezultatima, u radu se polemiše o implikacijama ovakvog stanja i naglašavju nove uloga trenera i nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja u vaspitanju i obrazovanju „internet generacija“.

ZaključakPosredstvom interneta virtuelni sadržaji čine savremeni socijalni, etički a time i vaspitni kontekst. Socijalni razvoj mladih se dešava i u virtuelnom svetu, najčešće preko mnogobrojnih društvenih grupa i ide novim, ne-dovoljno istraženim pravcima, podležući novim etičkim pravilima. Motorika se menja. Shodno tome, menjaju se uloge trenera i nastavnika fizičkog vaspitanja kao modela ponašanja mladima u savremenom vaspitanju i obrazovanju.

Ključne reči: vaspitanje, mladi, internet, pedagoški, sociološki, etički i motorički problemi

LiteraturaČejko, M. (2019). Superpovezani. Clio: Beograd.Jugović, A. (2014). Zapisi iz anomije. Institut za sociološka i kriminološka istraživanja: Beograd.

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SAFETY ASPECTS OF USING MOUNTAIN ROADS

Boban Milojković1, Vladimir Miletić2 1 University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies – Department of Criminalistics, Belgrade, The Republic of Serbia2 Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, The Republic of Serbia

IntroductionA mountain road is an object on Earth’s topographic surface intended for safe hiking. Within the national framework, the construction, marking and maintenance of mountain roads are coordinated by the Moun-taineering Association of Serbia (MAS) through the Hiking Commission and its members - Mountaineering Clubs. Markings of mountain roads in geospace can be basic, ancillary, special, winter and temporary. In addition to mountain roads, there are alpine trails, equipped trails, tourist and other themed trails, which also have their markings. Besides the above markings, there are markings made by other users of the mountain geospace such, which may be similar to hiking trails, and some markings may be damaged or removed by natural processes or human negligence. In these circumstances, mountaineers, can often “miss the road” and thus endanger their safety and rescue operations.

MethodThe theoretical analysis method and the topographic geospatial survey method were used.

Results and discussionBy analyzing the Rules of the MAS, we can conclude that there is up-to-date normative regulation of the mountain roads. Training of mountaineering staff for designing and marking of mountain roads is carried out each year through seminars for markers. Also, mountaineering clubs should permanently control, rehabili-tate and revitalize the mountain roads which they have built with the prior approval of the MAS. However, by analyzing the normative and the real condition, we did not find an adequate situation in the field, which was moderated to some extent by the lack of material and financial resources. Besides, the results of the field survey indicate the presence of human negligence in the mountain geospace (destruction of markings, arbi-trary marking of new and alternative routes, etc.), as well as certain anomalies in the behaviour of mountain road users and owners of the parcels they pass through.

ConclusionIn addition to the great efforts of the National Mountaineering Organization to reduce the possible safety risk for the users of the mountain roads, cooperation and increased educational and informative campaign of sports, tourism and other organizations.

Key words: organized hiking, marked mountain trails and roads, safety risks

ReferencesRulebook on the work of the Hiking Commission. Mountaineering Association of Serbia, Belgrade, 2015.Rulebook on Planning, Designing and Marking of Hiking Trails and Roads. Mountaineering Association of Serbia, Belgrade, 2017.

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BEZBEDNOSNI ASPEKTI KORIŠĆENJA PLANINARSKIH PUTEVA

Boban Milojković1;Vladimir Miletić2

1 Kriminalističko-policijski univerzitet – Departman kriminalistike, Beograd, Srbija2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija

UvodPlaninarski put je objekat na topografskoj površi Zemlje namenjen bezbednom pešačenju. U nacionalnom okviru, izgradnju, markiranje i održavanje planinarskih puteva koordinira Planinarski savez Srbije (PSS) pre-ko Komisije za planinarske terene i svojih članica – Planinarskih klubova. Markacije – oznake planinarskih puteva u geoprostoru mogu biti osnovne, pomoćne, posebne, zimske i privremene. Pored planinarskih pute-va, u planinskom goprostoru postoje alpinističke staze, opremljene staze (ferate), turističke i druge tematske staze, koje takođe imaju svoje oznake. Pored navedenih oznaka, postoje oznake koje su izradili drugi ko-risnici planinskog geoprostora, koje mogu biti slične planinarskim, a pojedine oznake mogu biti oštećene ili uklonjene prirodnim procesima ili nemarnim postupkom čoveka. U navedenim okolnostima, planinari, mogu da “promaše put” i tako ugroze sopstvenu bezbednost i akciju spasavanja.

Metod U radu je korišćen metod teorijske analize, kao i topografski metod istraživanja geoprostora.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Analizom Pravilnika PSS, može se konstatovati savremena normativna uređenost tematike planinarskih pute-va. Obučavanje planinarskog kadra za projektovanje i markiranje planinarskih puteva, izvodi se svake go-dine putem seminara za markirante. Pored toga, planinarski klubovi imaju obavezu permanente kontrole, zanavljanja i revitalizacije planinarskih puteva koje su po predhodnoj saglasnosti PSS izgradili. Međutim, analizom normativnog i stvarnog, nije zatečeno adekvatno stanje na terenu koje je u određenoj meri mod-erirano nedostatkom materijalno-finanskijkih sredstava. Pored toga, rezultati terenskog istraživanja ukazuju na prisustvo nemara čoveka u planinskom geoprostoru (uništavanje markacija, samovoljno markiranje novih i alternativnih pravaca i dr.), kao i izvesnih anomalija u ponašanju korisnika planinarskih puteva i vlasnika parcela kroz koje isti prolaze.

Zaključak Pored velikih napora nacionalne planinarske organizacije radi smanjenja mogućeg bezbednosnog rizika po korisnike planinarskih puteva, potrebna je saradnja i pojačana edukativno-informativna kampanja sportskih, turističkih i drugih organizacija.

Ključne reči: organizovano pešačenje, markirane planinarske pešačke staze i putevi, bezbednosni rizici

LiteraturaPravilnik o radu komisije za planinarske terene. Planinarski savez Srbije, Beograd, 2015. Pravilnika o planiranju, projektovanju i obeležavanju planinarskih pešačkih staza i puteva. Planinarski savez Srbije, Beograd, 2017.

Bio-medical aspects of physical activity application

Biomedicinski aspekti primene fizičke aktivnosti

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THE IMPACT OF HALF MARATHON TRAINING ON THE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES AND BODY COMPOSITION OF WOMEN ENGAGED IN RECREATIONAL RUNNING

Ljubica Papić; Stanimir Stojiljković; Marija Macura; Igor RanisavljevFaculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionIn the last decade, in the world, but also in our country, there can be a significant increase in the participation of female recreational athletes in the half marathon races. Proper preparation is necessary for running a half marathon, in order to avoid harmful consequences. The impact of endurance training program on the func-tional abilities and body composition of women who run regularly, is investigated in this study. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an eight-week training for the half marathon, on selected functional variables and body composition of women who are engaged in recreational running.

MethodThe sample of subjects consisted of 19 female adults, 43.84±6.71 years old, from the Belgrade Racing Club (BRC). The sample of variables consisted of: maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) - estimated on the basis of a 20-meter “Shuttle run” test; time at 5km - measured on maximum intensity race at a distance of 5km; anaerobic threshold running pace - estimated based on 5km running test; body weight, percentage of body fat and muscle mass - measured by bioelectrical impedance, model In body 720. All variables were measured before and after eight-week training program. The basis of the training program consisted of running three times a week. The results of the research were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics methods (t-test for dependent samples).

Results and discussionThe results of the t-test showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the variables: VO2m-ax (p<0.001), time at 5km race (p<0.001) and pace at the anaerobic threshold (p<0.001). The body mass of the subjects did not change statistically significantly (p=0.248), because the mass of the fat component decreased statistically significantly (p=0.022), while at the same time the muscle mass increased statistical-ly significantly (p=0.020).

ConclusionThe eight-week experimental training program had a statistically significant effect on the improvement of all the variables, except the body weight.

Key words: running, maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, body composition, training pro-gram

ReferencesPremović, Đ. (2019). Testovi za procjenu fizičkih sposobnosti i tjelesne strukture odraslih osoba u funkciji njihovog zdravlja (Master rad). Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd.Hottenrott, K., Ludvga, S., Schulze, S. (2012). Effects of high intensity training and continuous endurance training on aerobic capac-ity and body composition in recreationally active runners. J Sports Sci Med. 11(3):483-8.

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UTICAJ TRENINGA ZA POLUMARATON NA FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI I TELESNI SASTAV ŽENA REKREATIVACA

Ljubica Papić; Stanimir Stojiljković; Marija Macura; Igor RanisavljevFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

UvodU poslednjoj deceniji, u svetu, ali i kod nas, se može uočiti značajan porast učešća žena rekreativaca na distanci polumaratona. Za trčanje polumaratona neophodna je pravilna priprema organizma, kako ne bi došlo do štetnih posledica. U radu je istraživan uticaj plana i programa treninga izdržljivosti na funkciona-lne sposobnosti i telesni sastav žena koje se rekreativno bave trčanjem. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrde efekti osmonedeljnog treninga za polumaraton, na izabrane funkcionalne pokazatelje i telesni sastav žena koje se rekreativno bave trčanjem.

MetodUzorak ispitanika činilo je 19 odraslih osoba ženskog pola, starosti 43,84 ± 6,71 godina, iz Beogradskog trkačkog kluba (BRC). Uzorak varijabli činile su: maksimalna potrošnja kiseonika (VO2max) – procenjena na osnovu 20-metarskog „Shuttle run“ testa; vreme na 5km – mereno na testu trčanja maksimalnim inten-zitetom na distanci od 5km; tempo trčanja na anaerobnom pragu – procenjeno na osnovu testa trčanja na 5km; telesna masa, procenat telesne masti i mišićna masa – mereno bioelektričnom impedancom, model In body 720. Navedene varijable su merene pre i posle trenažnog procesa koji je trajao osam nedelja. Osnovu trenažnog programa činilo je trčanje tri puta nedeljno. Rezultati istraživanja obrađeni su metodama deskrip-tivne i komparativne statistike. Iz oblasti komparativne statistike urađen je t-test za zavisne uzorke.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati t-testa pokazuju da je došlo do statistički značajnog poboljšanja varijabli: VO2max (p<0,001), vreme na 5km trčanja (p<0,001) i tempo trčanja na anaerobnom pragu (p<0,001). Telesna masa ispitanika se nije statistički značajno promenila (p=0,248), jer se masa masne komponente statistički značajno sman-jila (p=0,022), dok se istovremeno mišićna masa statistički značajno povećala (p=0,020).

ZaključakEksperimentalni plan i program treninga u trajanju od osam nedelja, statistički značajno je uticao na pobol-jšanje svih praćenih varijabli, sem telesne mase.

Ključne reči: trčanje, maksimalna potrošnja kiseonika, anaerobni prag, telesni sastav, trenažni proces

LiteraturaPremović, Đ. (2019). Testovi za procjenu fizičkih sposobnosti i tjelesne strukture odraslih osoba u funkciji njihovog zdravlja (Master rad). Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd.Hottenrott, K., Ludvga, S., Schulze, S. (2012). Effects of high intensity training and continuous endurance training on aerobic capac-ity and body composition in recreationally active runners. J Sports Sci Med. 11(3):483-8.

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DIFFERENCES IN POSTURAL STATUS OF THE SPINAL COLUMN IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES

Katarina Nejić; Stefan Đorđević; Mima Stanković; Kristina Marković; Saša BubanjUniversity of Niš, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Niš, Serbia

Introduction The postural status of the body, or the proper keeping of the body, is the precise positioning of the body segments in which the body has the lowest energy consumption (Milenković, 2007). Asymmetric sports can contribute to the development of an asymmetric pose or the appearance of functional deformities on the spi-nal column. The aim of this research is to determine the difference in the postural status of the spinal column of female volleyball players of different age categories.

MethodThe research included a sample of 30 female volleyball players of the First League of Serbia. For the purpos-es of the study, the respondents were divided into two groups (n = 15), by age.Younger group consisted junior female volleyball players, while the older group were senior. To determine the postural status of the spinal column, a measuring instrument “Spinal Mouse” was used. The obtained results were presented through descriptive statistics and frequency and percentage, while the Hi square test was used to determine the differences in the representation of postural deformities of the spinal column at the frontal and sagittal planes.

Results and discussionThe results obtained in this research study indicate presence of a very high percentage of postural defor-mities of the spinal column. In junior female volleyball players, deformities are present in thoracic part 60% (kyphotic posture), while in the lumbar 73.3% (lordotic posture), and frontal 100% (scoliotic posture), in the senior sample deformity is present in the thoracic part 46.7% (kyphotic posture), in the lumbar 76.1% (lor-dotic posture) and in the frontal 73.3% (scoliotic posture).

ConclusionA detailed analysis shows that all postural deviations, of a functional type, are present in a large percentage, only of the first degree. This suggests that the cause of postural disorders in the spinal column is exclusively the result of muscle imbalance. Based on this, we can conclude that in addition to the regular part of the plan and program, training should include compensatory exercises aimed at stretching the muscles that had a more dominant activation in order to reduce the occurrence of postural deformities and preserve the postural status of the spinal column even after the end of the sports career.

Key words: junior age female volleyball players, senior age female volleyball players, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

References Milenković, S. (2007). Korektivna gimnastika teorija i vežbe. Niš: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Nišu.

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RAZLIKE U POSTURALNOM STATUSU KIČMENOG STUBA KOD ODBOJKAŠICA RAZLIČITIH UZRASNIH KATEGORIJA

Katarina Nejić; Stefan Đorđević; Mima Stanković; Kristina Marković; Saša BubanjUniverzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Niš, Srbija

UvodPosturalni status tela odnosno pravilno držanje tela predstavlja preciznu pozicioniranost telesnih segmenata prilikom kojih telo ima najmanji utrošak energije (Milenković, 2007). Asimetrični sportovi mogu doprineti raz-voju asimetričnog stava odnosno pojave funkcionalnih deformiteta na kičmenom stubu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi razliku u posturalnom statusu kičmenog stuba odbojkašica različitih starosnih kategorija.

Metode Istraživanje je obuhvatilo uzorak 30 odbojkašica Prve lige Srbije. Za potrebe istraživanja, ispitanice su podel-jene u dve grupe (n=15), s obzirom na uzrast. Mlađu grupu čine ispitanice juniorskog uzrasta, a stariju ispi-tanice seniorskog uzrasta. Za utvrđivanje posturalnog statusa kičmenog stuba korišćen je merni instrument „Spinal Mouse“. Dobijeni rezultati su predstavljeni deskriptivnom statistikom, frekvencijom i procentom, a za utvrđivanje razlika u zastupljenosti posturalnih deformiteta kičmenog stuba u frontalnoj i sagitalnoj ravni korišćen je Hi kvadrat test.

Rezultati sa diskusijomDobijeni rezultati u ovom istraživanju ukazuju na veoma visok procenat zastupljenosti posturalnih deformite-ta kičmenog stuba. Kod odbojkašica juniorskog uzrasta u torakalnom delu sagitalne ravni (kifotično loše držanje tela) iznosi 60% dok je u lumbalnom (lorodotično loše držanje tela) prisutno kod 73.3% i frontalnom (skoliotično loše držanje tela) prisutno kod 100% , kod seniorki deformitet je prisutan u torakalnom delu (kifo-tično loše držanje tela) 46.7%, u lumbalnom (lorodotično loše držanje tela) prisutno kod 76.1% i u frontalnom (skoliotično loše držanje tela) 73.3%.

ZaključakDetaljnom analizom može se ustanoviti da su sva posturalna odstupanja, funkcionalnog tipa i to u velikom procentu samo prvog stepena. To nam ukazuje da je uzrok nastanka posturalnih deformiteta na kičmenom stubu isključivo rezultat disbalansa mišića. Na osnovu toga možemo zaključiti da pored redovnog dela određenim planom i programom, trening treba da sadrži i kompenzatorne vežbe koje imaju za cilj rastezanje muskulature koja je imala dominantniju aktivaciju, kako bi se smanjila pojava posturalnih deformiteta i oču-vao posturalni status kičmenog stuba i nakon prestanka sportske karijere.

Ključne reči: juniorke, seniorke, kifoza, lordoza, skolioza

LiteraturaMilenković, S. (2007). Korektivna gimnastika teorija i vežbe. Niš: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Nišu.

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USAGE OF BORG SCALE IN ADVANCED SPORT PRACTICE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Kosta Novaković; Vladimir IlićFaculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionBorg Scale is measuring instrument that represents subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is almost forty years old theoretical method that is crated to determine exercises intensity in sport practice and phys-iological exertion, that recently gain a lot of popularity. The aim of this paper is to look at the recent studies about RPE scale and see is it actually valid determining factor for intensity.

Method The following databases were searched: Index Medicus through MEDLINE, EBSCO, DOAJ, OVID and PUBMED using key words: exertion, RPE, intensity, HR, Borg Scale, training, effort.

Results and discussionBorg firstly defined the RPE scale, first from 6 to 20 and then simple more familiar scale from 0 to 10 that integrates various information from peripheral working muscles and joints, from central cardiovascular and respiratory functions, and from the central nervous system. Results from studies also show that when RPE compared to percentage one-repetition maximum (1RM) for load assignment both loading-types are effec-tive. However, RPE-based loading may provide a small 1RM strength advantage in a majority of individuals.

Conclusion Borg RPE scale is very abandon method for determining exercises intensity that only recently start to popu-larize and it shown that it contains plenty practical potential both in advanced sport and in recreational sport and exercises as well. Scales like this should be implemented as a valid instrument in sport, recreation and clinical practice.

Key words: exertion, intensity, HR, RPE, training, effort

References Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med sci sports exerc, 14(5), 377-381.Helms, E. (2018) RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions.Front. Physiol. 9:247.doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00247

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PRIMENA BORGOVE SKALE U NAPREDNOJ SPORTSKOJ PRAKSI: SISTEMATSKI PREGLED

Kosta Novaković; Vladimir IlićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija

UvodBorgova skala je merni instrument, koji predstavlja subjektivnu ocenu percipiranog zamora (OPZ), je skoro četrdeset godina star teoretski metod koji je napravljen sa ciljem određivanja intenziteta u sportskoj praksi i fiziološki zamor, koji je u poslednje vreme stekao veliku popularnost. Namera ove studije je da napravi pre-gled skorašnjih studija o OPZ skali i vidi da li je ona zapravno validni determinišući factor za intenzitet rada.

MetodSledeće bazepodatka su pretražene: Index Medicus, MEDLINE, EBSCO, DOAJ, OVID i PUBMED koristeći ključne reči: zamor, OPZ, intenzitet, FS, Borgova Skala, trening, napor.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Borg je prvobitno OPZ skalu definisao brojevima od 6 do 20 a zatim jednostavnijiu i poznatiju skalu od 0 do 10 koja integriše različite informacije od periferno radon aktivnih mišića, zglobova, kadiovaskularne funkcije, respiratorne funkcije i iz centralnog nervnog sistema. Rezultati iz različitih studija takođe pokazuju da kada se OPZ uporedi sa procentom od jednog maksimalnog ponavljanja (1RM) za zadatke sa opterećenjem oba načina određivanja su efektivna. Međutim, opterećenje zasnovano na OPZ doprinosi malu prednost u snazi kod 1RM za večinu pojedinaca.

ZaključakBorgova OPZ skala je veoma zapostavljen metod za određivanje intenziteta vežbanja koji je tek skoro počeo da se popularizuje i pokazalo se da poseduje dosta potencijala za praktičnu primenu kako u naprednom, tako i u rekreativnom sportu i vežbanju. Skale kao što su ovda bi trebalo da budu implementirane kao validni instrument u sportu, rekreaciji i kliničkoj praksi.

Ključne reči: zamor, intenzitet, FS, OPZ, trening, napor

LiteraturaBorg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med sci sports exerc, 14(5), 377-381.Helms, E. (2018) RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions.Front. Physiol. 9:247.doi: 10.3389/fph

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INFLUENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS ON TMG RESPONSE IN KNEE JOINT MUSCLES

Lazar Toskić1, Milivoj Dopsaj2, Milan Marković21 Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Priština – Kosovska Mitrovica, Leposavić, Serbia2 Faculty of sport and physical education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Introduction Tensiomyography (TMG) is a method for assessment of electrically evoked muscle contractile properties which is valid, reliable, and have used in sports training, injury prevention, physical therapy, and rehabilita-tion. Like any other method, it’s validity and reliability depends on numerous factors. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship and influence of some lower extremity body composition parameters, i.e. lean and fat body mass on tensiomyography parameters in knee joint extensor and flexor muscles.

Method The sample consisted of 60 participants (30 men and 30 women) average age 23.9 ± 3.3 years. Body com-position parameters (lean body mass of dominant leg, body fat mass of dominant leg) were measured by bioelectrical impedance (In Body 720), while contraction time and maximal displacement were measured by the method of tensiomyography on rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles of the dominant leg. Of the statistical procedures, correlation and linear regression analyses were used.

Results and discussionStatistically significant moderate negative correlation was obsereved between lean body mass of dominant leg and maximal displacement of biceps femoris muscle in men and women (r = - 0.377, R² adj. = 0.112, p = 0.040; r = - 0.498, R² adj. = 0.219, p = 0.007, respectively), body fat mass of dominant leg and maximal displacement of biceps femoris muscle in men (r = -0.447, R² adj. = 0.171, p = 0.013) as well as moderate positive correlation between body fat mass of dominant leg and contraction time of biceps femoris muscle in women (r = 0.384, R² adj. = 0.200, p = 0.043).

ConclusionIt can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the lower extremity body composition pa-rameters and muscle contraction speed, that is, muscle stifneess, and that the response of main hamstring muscle on electrical stimuli applied by the method of tensiomyography to some extent depends on the pro-portion of fat tissue and lean body mass i.e. muscle mass of lower extremity.

Key words: lean body mass, body fat mass, contraction time, maximal displacement

ReferencesCalvo-Lobo, C., Díez-Vega, I., García-Mateos, M., Molina-Martín, J. J., Díaz-Ureña, G., & Rodríguez-Sanz, D. (2018). Relationship of the skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness in the tensiomyography response: A novel ultrasound observational study. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 64(6), 549-553.Toskić, L., Dopsaj, M., Stanković, V., & Marković, M. (2019). Concurrent and predictive validity of isokinetic dynamometry and ten-siomyography in differently trained women and men. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 27(1), 31-39.

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UTICAJ PARAMETARA TELESNOG SASTAVA DONJIH EKSTREMITETA NA TMG ODGOVOR KOD MIŠIĆA ZGLOBA KOLENA

Lazar Toskić1, Milivoj Dopsaj2, Milan Marković21 Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje, Univerzitet u Prištini – Kosovska Mitrovica, Leposavić, Srbija2 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija

UvodTenziomiografija (TMG) je metoda za procenu kontraktilnih karakteristika mišića izazvanih električnom stimu-lacijom koja je validna, pouzdana i ima primenu u sportskom treningu, prevenciji povreda, fizikalnoj terapiji i rehabilitaciji. Kao i svaka druga metoda, validnost i pouzdanost merenja tenziomiografijom zavisi od brojnih faktora. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita povezanost i uticaj određenih parametara telesnog sastava donjih ek-stremiteta, odnosno bezmasne i masne telesne mase na parametre tenziomiografije kod mišića opružača i pregibača zgloba kolena.

MetodUzorak ispitanika je činilo 60 osoba (30 muškaraca i 30 žena) prosečnog uzrasta 23.9 ± 3.3 godina. Para-metri telesnog sastava (bezmasna telesna masa dominantne noge, masna telesna masa dominantne noge) su mereni pomoću bioelektrične impedance (In Body 720) dok su metodom tenziomiografije mereni vreme kontrakcije i maksimalno vertikalno pomeranje mišića rektus femoris i biceps femoris dominantne noge. Od statističkih procedura u radu je primenjena korelaciona i linearna regresiona analiza.

Rezultati sa diskusijomDobijena je statistički značajna umerena negativna povezanost između bezmasne telesne mase dominantne noge i maksimalnog vertikalnog pomeranja mišića biceps femoris kod muškaraca i žena (r = - 0.377, R² adj. = 0.112, p = 0,040; r = - 0.498, R² adj. = 0.219, p = 0.007, respektivno), masne telesne mase dominantne noge i maksimalnog vertikalnog pomeranja mišića biceps femoris kod muškaraca (r = - 0.447, R² adj. = 0.171, p = 0.013) kao i umerena pozitivna povezanost između masne telesne mase dominantne noge i vremena kontrakcije mišića biceps femoris kod žena (r = 0.384, R² adj. = 0.200, p = 0.043).

ZaključakMože se zaključiti da postoji značajna povezanost između parametara telesnog sastava donjih ekstremiteta i brzine mišićne kontrakcije odnosno mišićne krutosti, kao i da reakcija glavnog mišića pregibača zgloba kolena na električnu stimulaciju pimenjenu metodom tenziomiografije do određene mere zavisi od udela masnog tkiva i bezmasne telesne mase odnosno mišićne mase donjih ekstremiteta.

Ključne reči: bezmasna telesna masa, masna telesna masa, brzina kontrakcije, maksimalno vertikalno pomeranje mišića

LiteraturaCalvo-Lobo, C., Díez-Vega, I., García-Mateos, M., Molina-Martín, J. J., Díaz-Ureña, G., & Rodríguez-Sanz, D. (2018). Relationship of the skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness in the tensiomyography response: A novel ultrasound observational study. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 64(6), 549-553.Toskić, L., Dopsaj, M., Stanković, V., & Marković, M. (2019). Concurrent and predictive validity of isokinetic dynamometry and ten-siomyography in differently trained women and men. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 27(1), 31-39.

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THE ACADEMIC ROWING AND THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE YELLOW SPINE LIGAMENT - THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Milan Spaić1; Darko Mitrović2; Aleksandar Radosavljević3; Petar Spaić41 Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia 3 Affidea Diagnostic Center, Belgrade, Serbia 4 Primary School G. Princip, Zemun, Serbia

The technique of the academic rowing includes repetitive and forced spinal column flexion-extension in the sagital plane. Thus the yellow ligaments, as a part of the dynamic vertebral segment, connecting vertebral lamina along the posterior wall of the spinal canal, have been subjected to the repetitive straining and com-pression. While the bending forward caused the infolding of the ligaments the extension of the spine caused elongation of the yellow ligaments. The force on the spinal column and yellow ligaments might result in the advanced morphological changes and/or degeneration of the ligaments that increased the cross section volume of the ligaments thus narrowing the diameter of the spinal canal. Since the thickness of the yellow ligaments has been established as the main cause of the spinal canal stenosis, that is the most frequent spinal illness nowadays – this raises the question whether academic rowing, as a sport discipline, might have contributed to the development of the spinal stenosis in the long term. We propose the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) imaging investigation of the spine in the sagital and axial plane in the Stir, T1, T2, se-quence of the NMR imaging, with reference to the thickness and morphology of the yellow ligaments in the thoracolumbar segment of the spine. This investigation should be done in the sportsman on the beginning of the training process, than after 2 and 4 years of active training. The control group should be consisted of the patients in the same age group who are not active in sports. We expect that comparing the results of the NMR imaging would help to define the changes in the morphology of the yellow ligament over the time course of the training process. The functional anatomy of the vertebral dynamic segment, the anatomy of the yellow ligaments and impact of the academic rowing technique has been discussed.

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AKADEMSKO VESLANJE I FUNKCIONALNA ANATOMIJA ŽUTIH LIGAMENATA KIČMENOG STUBA – PREDLOG STUDIJE

Milan Spaić1; Darko Mitrović2; Aleksandar Radosavljević3; Petar Spaić41 Vojno medicinska akademija, Beograd, Srbija 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija 3 Affidea Dijagnostički centar, Beograd, Srbija 4 Osnovna škola G. Princip, Zemun, Srbija

Tehnika akademskog veslanja podrazumeva snažne, ponavljane, naizmenične pokrete fleksije-ekstenzije kičmenog stuba u sagitalnoj ravni. Na taj način su žuti ligamenti, kao dio dinamičkog vertebralnog segmenta koji spajaju lukove susednih kičmenih pršljenova uzduž zadnjeg zida kičmenog kanala, izloženi naizmeničnoj kompresiji i rastezanju. Dok savijanje prema napred dovodi do kompresije ligamenata, ekstenzija tela pri zaveslaju dovodi do rastezanja ligamenata. Ovakav mehanički efekat na ligamente kao posledica tehnike veslanja može prouzrokovati ubrzane morfološke odnosno degenerativne promene žutih ligamenata poseb-no njihovo zadebljanje. Posledično, zadebljanje žutih ligamenata dovodi do suženja kičmenog kanala. Poš-to je hipertrofija, zadebljanje žutih ligamenata glavni uzrok nastanka suženja kičmenog kanala kao dan-as najčešćeg obolenja u spinalnoj patologiji – postavlja se pitanje da li bavljenje akademskim veslanjem može doprineti, u dužem vremenskom period, nastanku suženja kičmenog kanala. Predlažemo ispitivanje kičmenog stuba NMR (Nuklearnom Magnetnom Rezonancom) u sagitalnoj i aksijalnoj ravni u Stir, T1, T2 sekvenci sa osvrtom na izgled i debljinu žutih ligamenata u torakolumbalnom kičmenom segmentu. Ovo prospektivno ispitivanje bi bilo provedeno u grupi veslača na početku trenažnog procesa potom nakon 2 i 4 godine aktivnog bavljenja veslanjem. Kontrolnu grupu bi činili ispitanici u istoj starosnoj dobi koji nisu aktivni sportisti. Poređenje rezultata NMR ispitivanja može ukazati na promene u morfologiji žutih ligamenata kroz pomenuti vremenski period. U radu se razmatra funkcionalna anatomija dinamičkog vertebralnog segmenta, anatomija žutih ligamenata, i mogući uticaj trenažnog procesa na promene, odnosno hipertrofiju ligamenata i posledično suženje kičmenog kanala.

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PREVALENCE OF KYPHOSIS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Nebojša Mitrović1; Dragan Branković2; Dejan Bokonjić3; Vladimir Živanović21 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Education, Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Belgrade, Teacher’s Training Faculty, Belgrade, Serbia3 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Medicine, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina

IntroductionWe are witnessing that from year to year the number of children with postural status deformities is progres-sively increasing. There are several spinal deformities that are most common in young children, such as scoliosis, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis. The problem of the study was to analyze the presence of kyphosis as a spinal deformity in children. The study is based on the assumption of a significant prevalence of kyphosis in young children.

MethodSpinal column analysis was performed with the Win spine pointer Zebris medical ultrasound probe, which is a non-invasive method of postural status analysis, which, unlike x-rays, has no adverse effects due to radiation emitted during subjects’ imaging. This analysis includes: Notebook PC, CMS 10-6-2 Measurement System - Connection Measurement System on USB PC / Laptop for Six Marker Input, One Digital Input Switch / Footswitch, HD-MA1 Holding Device - holder with two joints / adapters and ball joint, FS-1 Floor Stand - portable, height adjustable for holding unit of measurement unit, PR-1 Reference Marker - reference marker for spine analysis, PS33-10 Ultrasonic Pointer - ultrasonic pointer for determining points and a test surface, Win Spine Pointer - Spinal Status Indicator - Software for static determination of spine position, geometry and mobility with an ultrasound probe. The research was of a transversal nature. The sample of respondents consisted of the children of elementary school “Knez Ivo od Semberija” from Bijeljina. At the time of measurement, all respondents attended the third grade of the mentioned school.

Results and discussionYounger children in this period are exposed to a number of negative factors that affect their posture. The obtained research results show a significant representation of kyphosis in the analyzed sample of subjects.

Conclusion

Proper posture in children is supported by the work of a large number of muscles, and if these muscles do not have the optimal tone, relaxation occurs, poor posture that can develop into deformity, which can also affect the irregular functioning of the heart, internal organs, as well as working ability in perspective.

Key words: kyphosis, prevalence, young school age, Win Spine Pointer

ReferencesБранковић Д. (2016). Значај превентивних вежбања за развој моторичких способности и морфолошких карактеристика код ученика млађих разреда основне школе. Докторска дисертација. Учитељски факултет, Београд.Stević, D., Mitrović, N., Bokonjić, D. (2018). Prevalenca deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta iz Republike Srpske. Inovacije u nastavi, 31(2), 13-22.

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PREVALENCA KIFOZE KOD DECE MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Nebojša Mitrović1; Dragan Branković2; Dejan Bokonjić3; Vladimir Živanović21 Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Pedagoški fakultet, Bijeljina, Bosna i Hercegovina 2 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Učiteljski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija3 Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Medicinski fakultet, Foča, Bosna i Hercegovina

UvodSvedoci smo da se iz godine u godinu broj dece sa deformitetima posturalnog statusa progresivno poveća-va. Postoji nekoliko deformiteta kičmenog stuba koji su najučestaliji kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta, a to su: skolioza, lumbalna lordoza i torakalna kifoza. Problem istraživanja odnosio se na analizu zastupljenosti kifoze kao deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece. Istraživanje se temelji na pretpostavci značajne zastu-pljenosti kifoze kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta.

Metod Analiza kičmenog stuba izvršena je ultrazvučnom sondom Win spine pointer Zebris medical, koja predstavl-ja neinvazivnu metodu analize posturalnog statusa, i koji za razliku od rendgenskog snimka nema štetnih posledica zbog zračenja koje se emituje prilikom snimanja ispitanika. Ova analiza podrazumeva: prenosivi računar (laptop), CMS 10-6-2 Measurement System – merni sistem za konekciju na USB PC/laptop računar za ulaz šest markera, jedan digitalni ulazni kanal za prebacivanje/nožni prekidač, HD-MA1 Holding Device – držač sa dva spoja/adaptera i kugličnim zglobom, FS-1 Floor Stand – postolјe prenosivo, visinski podesivo za držanje uređaja merne jedinice, PR-1 Reference Marker – referentni marker za analizu kičme, PS33-10 Ultrasonic Pointer – ultrazvučni pokazivač za određivanje bodova i probnom površinom, Win Spine Pointer – pokazivač stanja kičme – softver za statičko određivanje položaja, geometrije i mobilnosti kičme sa ul-trazvučnom sondom. Istraživanje je bilo transverzalnog karaktera. Uzorak ispitanika činili su deca osnovne škole „Knez Ivo od Semberije“ iz Bijeljine. Svi ispitanici su u trenutku merenja pohađali treći razred navedene škole.

Rezultati sa diskusijomDeca mlađeg školskog uzrasta u ovom periodu su izložena brojnim negativnim faktorima koji deluju na nji-hovu posturu. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja pokazuju značajnu zastupljenost kifoze kod analiziranog uzorka ispitanika.

ZaključakPravilnu posturu kod dece podržava rad velikog broja mišića, i ukoliko ti mišići nemaju optimalan tonus, dolazi do opuštanja, lošeg držanja koje može prerasti u deformitet, što može da se odrazi i na nepravilan rad srca, unutrašnjih organa, ali i radne sposobnosti u perspektivi.

Ključne reči: kifoza, prevalenca, mlađi školski uzrast, Win Spine Pointer

Literatura Бранковић Д. (2016). Значај превентивних вежбања за развој моторичких способности и морфолошких карактеристика код ученика млађих разреда основне школе. Докторска дисертација. Учитељски факултет, Београд.Stević, D., Mitrović, N., Bokonjić, D. (2018). Prevalenca deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta iz Republike Srpske. Inovacije u nastavi, 31(2), 13-22.

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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PILATES HEALTH-PREVENTION PROGRAMMES ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF PHYSICALLY INACTIVE WOMEN

Nikolay Panayotov1; Nebojša Jotov2

1 National sports academy „Vasil Levski“, Sofia, Bulgaria2 High school „ Kirilo and Metodije“, Dimitrovgrad, Serbia

IntroductionThis paper aims to determine the effect of an experimental health-prevention pilates program model (applied three times per week during the period of 90 days) on the transformation of morphological characteristics of physically inactive women aged 40-50 (Sely & Herdman, 2000). This research aimed to explore the effect of the health-prevention pilates program on the transformation of the morphological characteristics of body form of sedentary women. The general hypothesis has been formulated as following: The application of the health-preventive pilates program will lead to a positive transformation of the morphological characteristics of body form in sedentary women.

MethodThe sample of our research is composed of 24 female subjects aged 40-50.We have tested the variables which are indicative of the morphological status of our subjects (body height – AVIS, body mass – TM, Ke-tle’s index – IK, waist circumference – OSTR, thigh circumference – ONDL, chest mobility – PGK, body fat percentage – FAT%, body muscle percentage – MMAS%). With the aim of realizing the tasks and reaching the set research aims, the following methods were applied: experimental method with one experimental group, the method of morphological anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, descriptive statistics, testing of difference in arithmetic means (t-test) and the method of content analysis.

Results and discussionThe applied experimental treatment has caused a positive effect on the morphological status of the sub-jects (Juhas, 2011). The testing of differences between the initial and final measuring of the pilates program shows a statistical significance on the level of p<0.05 in all tested variables except the variable of body height – AVIS.

ConclusionThe dynamics of the indicators of the morphological status of the subjects and the applied health-preven-tion pilates models represent an efficient means for the optimization of the morphological status of women leading sedentary lifestyles.

Key words: Helth-prevention programs, recreation, morphological status

ReferencesSely,A., & Herdman.A. (2000). Pilates body conditioning: a program based on the tech niques of Joseph Pilates. Haupauge NY: Barons Edu cational.Juhas, I. (2011). Specifičnosti sportskog treninga žena. Fizička kultura, 65, 42-51.

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EVALUACIJA EFEKATA ZDRAVSTVENO-PREVENTIVNIH PROGRAMA PILATESA NA MORFOLOŠKI STATUS FIZIČKI NEAKTIVNIH ŽENA

Nikolay Panayotov1; Nebojša Jotov21 Nacionalna sportska akademija „Vasil Levski“, Sofia, Bulgarska2 Gimnazija „ Kirilo i Metodije“, Dimitrovgrad, Srbija

UvodOvaj rad ima za cilj da utvrdi efekat eksperimentalnog modela programa pilatesa zdravstveno-preventivne usmerenosti (primenjen u periodu od 90 dana-tri puta nedeljno) na transformaciju morfoloških karakteristi-ka fizički neaktivnih žena starosti od 40-50 godina (Sely & Herdman, 2000). Problem istraživanja je efekat zdravstveno-preventivnog programa pilatesa na transformaciju morfološke-telesne građe sedentarnih žena. Opšta hipoteza je definisana na sledeći način: Primena zdravstveno-preventivnog programa pilatesa dovešće do pozitivnih transformacionih promena morfološkog-telesnog statusa sedentarnih žena.

MetodUzorak našeg istraživanja činile su 24 žene, ispitanice između 40 i 50 godina. Testirali smo varijable koje pokazuju morfološki status ispitanica (Visina tela - AVIS, Telesna masa -TM, Indeks Ketle - IK, Obim struka - OSTR, Obim natkolenice - ONDL, Pokretljivost grudnog koša -PGK, Procenat masti u telu - FAT%, Procenat mišićne mase u telu- MMAS %). U cilju realizacije zadataka i ostvarivanja ciljeva istraživanja primenili smo sledeće metode: eksperimentalni metod sa jednom eksperimentalnom grupom, metod morfološke antropo-metrije, metod bioelektrične impendanse, metod deskriptivne statistike i testiranje razlika aritmetičkih sredi-na (t-test), metod analize sadržaja.

Rezultati sa diskusijomPrimenjeni eksperimentalni tretman ostvario je pozitivan efekat na morfološki status žena (Juhas, 2011). Testiranje razlika između inicijalnog i završnog merenja programa pilatesa pokazuje značajnu statističku razliku na nivou značajnosti p<0,05 kod svih ispitivanih varijabli izuzev varijable telesna visina - AVIS.

ZaključakDinamika pokazatelja morfološkog statusa ispitanica i primenjeni zdravstveno-preventivni model rekreacije pilatesa predstavlja efikasno sredstvo za optimizaciju morfološkog statusa sedentarnih žena.

Ključne reči: zdravstveno-preventivni program, rekreacija, morfološki status

LiteraturaSely,A., & Herdman.A. (2000). Pilates body conditioning: a program based on the tech niques of Joseph Pilates. Haupauge NY: Barons Edu cational.Juhas, I. (2011). Specifičnosti sportskog treninga žena. Fizička kultura, 65, 42-51.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE PARAMETERS AND RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (PILOT STUDY)

Stefan Seman1; Dejana Popovic2; Marija Macura11 Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia2 Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionDuring exercise it is important to have practical tools that can be effective in monitoring. One of basic and common tools in evaluation of exercise intensity is rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. It was shown that this scale is related to heart rate (HR), however, hemodynamic response to systemic oxygen demands involves more than just one hemodynamic variable. As such, new parameter named rate pressure product (RPP) was developed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate relation between RPE and RPP.

Method In this research 9 healthy subjects of both genders performed modified submaximal YMCA – graded exer-cise test (ET) on cycle ergometer. RPP was calculated as the product of HR and systolic blood pressure. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis.

Results and discussionResults suggest that although HR and RPE highly significantly correlated during the test (r=0.89 p<0.001), RPP and RPE correlation outperformed this result (r=0.94 p<0.001). Interestingly, during higher intensity loads (over 14 RPE) RPE had significantly higher correlations with RPP (r=0.81) compared to HR (r=0.56). This would mean that during cycle ergometer protocol, changes in RPP would be influenced more by chang-es in SBP than in HR at higher levels.

Conclusion Our results demonstrated that RPE might be valid indicator of RPP level in healthy subjects during YMCA – ET, while future research should evaluate its applicability in practice.

Key words: exercise testing, blood pressure, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion

ReferencesNelson, R. R., Gobel, F. L., Jorgensen, C. R., Wang, K., Wang, Y., & Taylor, H. L. (1974). Hemodynamic predictors of myocardial oxygen consumption during static and dynamic exercise. Circulation, 50(6), 1179–1189. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.50.6.1179Pinkstaff, S., Peberdy, M. A., Kontos, M. C., Finucane, S., & Arena, R. (2010). Quantifying exertion level during exercise stress testing using percentage of age-predicted maximal heart rate, rate pressure product, and perceived exertion. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(12), 1095–1100. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0357

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ODNOS OSNOVNIH PARAMETARA KARDIOVASKULARNOG ODGOVORA I SUBJEKTIVNE PROCENE ZAMORA (PILOT STUDIJA)

Stefan Seman1; Dejana Popovic2; Marija Macura11 Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija2 Klinički centar Srbije, Odeljenje za kardiologiju, Srbija

UvodTokom vežbanja važno je imati praktične alate koji će biti efektni u samom doziranju i praćenju intenziteta. Jedan od osnovnih i jednostavnih alata je svakako skala za subjektivnu procenu zamora (SPZ). Pokazano je da je skala za SPZ povezana sa srčanom frekvencijom (SF), međutim, hemodinamički odgovor na kis-eoničke potrebe će uključivati više od jedne varijable. Tako da je novi parametar zvani „rate pressure prod-uct“ (RPP) razvijen. Cilj ove studije je da se ispita odnos između SPZ i RPP-a.

MetodeU ovom istraživanju 9 zdravih subjekata oba pola je biti podvrgnuto submaksimalnom YMCA testu na bicikl ergometru. RPP je izračunat kao produkt SF i sistolnog krvnog pritiska (SKP). SPSS program je korišćen za statističku analizu.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati govore da iako postoji visoka korelacija između SF i SPZ koja je statistički značajna (r=0.94 p<0.001), povezanost između RPP i SPZ nadjačava ovaj rezultat (r=0.94 p <0.001). Interesantno je da tokom većih intenziteta (preko 14 SPZ) SPZ ima značajno veću korelaciju sa RPP-om (r=0.81) nego sa SF (r=0.56). Ovo bi moglo da znači da će tokom protokola na bicikl ergometru na promene u RPP-u više uticati promene u SKP nego SF pri većem intenzitetu.

Zaključak Naši rezultati pokazuju da SPZ može biti validni pokazatelj RPP-a kod zdravih subjekata tokom YMCA test protokola, dok buduća istraživanja bi trebala da procene primenjivost ovog parametra u praksi.

Ključne reči: testiranje, krvni pritisak, srčana frekvencija, subjektivna procena zamora

LiteraturaNelson, R. R., Gobel, F. L., Jorgensen, C. R., Wang, K., Wang, Y., & Taylor, H. L. (1974). Hemodynamic predictors of myocardial oxygen consumption during static and dynamic exercise. Circulation, 50(6), 1179–1189. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.50.6.1179Pinkstaff, S., Peberdy, M. A., Kontos, M. C., Finucane, S., & Arena, R. (2010). Quantifying exertion level during exercise stress testing using percentage of age-predicted maximal heart rate, rate pressure product, and perceived exertion. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(12), 1095–1100. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0357

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HEMATOLOGICAL STATUS AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF PHYSICALLY ACTIVE VEGANS

Vladimir Ilić1; Nemanja Rebić2; Slobodanka Dobrijević11 University of Belgrade, Faculty of sport and physical education, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Fitness and diagnostic center “Marja Fitness”, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThe vegan diet has shown numerous health benefits to cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. On the oth-er hand, vegans have an increased risk of micronutrient deficits, which can cause negative effects on their health status (Gilsing et al, 2010). The number of studies examining the effects of a plant-based diet on the functional capabilities of the cardio-respiratory system is limited and only one study has referred to physi-cally active vegans (Nebl et al, 2019). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vegan diet on hematological parameters, as well as to compare the functional abilities of the cardiorespiratory system of vegans and individuals on the standard diet.

MethodThe sample included 24 females divided in two subsamples: experimental group (11 vegans) and control group (13 persons on standard diet. Standard IPAQ questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity lev-el of subjects. Hematological analysis included: complete blood test results, blood lipid profile, vitamin B12, and iron. Basic anthropometric variables were monitored, and the submaximal Astrand test on a bicycle ergometer was used to estimate the maximal oxygen consumption. A RAMP continuous protocol was used to measure the maximal heart rate and blood pressure values. Statistical data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0.

Results and discussionThe results showed that vegans have significantly lower body mass and BMI. Almost all red and white blood-line parameters tend to have lower values, while there are no significant deviations from the mean values of the healthy population within the lipid profile. Iron and vitamin B12 have remained in the range of reference interval. There are no significant differences between the groups in the indicators of functional abilities of the cardiorespiratory system.

ConclusionThere are no differences in the functional abilities of physically active vegans comparing with active persons on the standard diet, although there are differences in their hematological status.

Key words: vegan diet, hematological status, cyanocobalamin, iron, physically active vegans, VO2max

ReferencesGilsing, A. M., Crowe, F. L., Lloyd-Wright, Z., Sanders, T. A., Appleby, P. N., Allen, N. E., & Key, T. J. (2010). Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in British male omnivores, vegetarians and vegans: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(9), 933.Nebl, J., Haufe, S., Eigendorf, J., Wasserfurth, P., Tegtbur, U., & Hahn, A. (2019). Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners. Journal

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HEMATOLOŠKI STATUS I FUNKCIONALNE SPOSOBNOSTI KARDIORESPIRATORNOG SISTEMA FIZIČKI AKTIVNIH VEGANA

Vladimir Ilić1; Nemanja Rebić2; Slobodanka Dobrijević11 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija 2 Dijagnostičko-trenažni centar “Marja Fitness”, Beograd, Srbija

UvodVeganska ishrana je pokazala brojne zdravstvene benefite na kardiovaskularna i metabolička stanja. Sa druge strane vegani imaju povećan rizik od deficita pojedinih mikronutrijenata što može izazvati negativne efekte na njihovo zdravstveno stanje (Gilsing et al, 2010). Limitiran je broj studija koje su proučavale efekte ishrane na biljnoj bazi na funkcionalne sposobnosti, a samo jedna studija do sada se bavila fizički aktivnim veganima (Nebl et al, 2019). Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj veganske ishrane na hematološke parametre, kao i da se uporede funkcionalne sposobnosti kardiorespiratornog sistema vegana i osoba na standardnom režimu ishrane.

MetodUzorak ispitanika obuhvatio je ukupno 24 osobe ženskog pola podeljene u dve grupe: eksperimentalnu, koju čine 11 veganki i kontrolnu, koju čini 13 žena na standardnom režimu ishrane. Procena nivoa fizičke aktiv-nosti ispitanika vršena je standardnim IPAQ upitnikom. Hematološka analiza obuhvatila je: kompletnu krvnu sliku, lipidni profil krvi, vitamin B12 i gvožđe. Praćene su osnovne antropometrijske varijable, a za procenu maksimalne potrošnje kiseonika korišćen je submaksimalni Astrandov test na bickl ergometru. Za merenje maskimalnih vrednosti srčane frekvencije i krvnog pritiska korišćen je RAMP kontinuirani protokol. Statistička obrada podataka vršena je u programima Microsoft Excel 2010 i SPSS 21.0.

Rezultati sa diskusijomRezultati su pokazali da veganke imaju značajno nižu telesnu masu i BMI. Gotovo svi parametri crvene i bele krvne loze pokazuju tendenciju ka nižim vrednostima, dok u okviru lipidnog profila nema značajnih odstupanja od srednjih vrednosti zdrave populacije. Vrednosti gvožđa i vitamina B12 ostale su u okviru ref-erentnog intervala. U pokazateljima funkcionalnih sposobnosti kardiorespiratornog sistema nema značajnih razlika između grupa.

ZaključakFunkcionalne sposobnosti fizički aktivnih veganki u odnosu na aktivne osobe na standardnom režimu ish-rane se ne razlikuju, iako postoje razlike u njihovom hematološkom statusu.

Кljučne reči: veganska ishrana, hematološki status, cijanokobalamin, gvožđe, fizički aktivni vegani, VO2m-ax

LiteraturaGilsing, A. M., Crowe, F. L., Lloyd-Wright, Z., Sanders, T. A., Appleby, P. N., Allen, N. E., & Key, T. J. (2010). Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in British male omnivores, vegetarians and vegans: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. European journal of clinical nutrition, 64(9), 933.Nebl, J., Haufe, S., Eigendorf, J., Wasserfurth, P., Tegtbur, U., & Hahn, A. (2019). Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 23.

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THE BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SCHOOL SPORTS ON HEALTH STATUS: A BRIEF REVIEW

Zvezdan Savić; Predrag Đokić; Nikola StojanovićFaculty of sport and physical education, University in Niš, Niš, Serbia

IntroductionThe aim of this brief review was to determine whether participation in school sports and physical education classes have a positive effect on students’ health status, in order to apply the acquired knowledge into future practice.

Method The literature was searched by terms that reflected exposure of interest (e.g. physical education, sport, and school sport), health status of students (e.g. quality lifestyle and longer life, lower risk of various dis-eases, psychological and emotional benefits), as well as methods (experimental, systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Results and discussionData of this kind could be important because it carries implications related to physical education and school sports and its influence on health status. However, while focusing on physical fitness as a productive tool of physical education and school sports, from a behavioral standpoint there is a common attitude that young people need to acquire appropriate knowledge on understanding the behavioral skills, to ensure that phys-ical activity becomes a regular part of their daily life routine (Fairclough & Stratton, 2005). Moreover, the future research should be aimed towards finding more suitable methods that could measure daily physical activity level in more reliable manner.

ConclusionIn concluding remarks regarding benefits of physical education and school sports, it could be noted that re-cent research on importance of establishing basic movement patterns, with the imperative on health status, advocates the necessity for young people to be engaged in lifelong learning and physical activity, which may ultimately result in a gradual change in physical education programs and school sports systems. Cer-tainly, future research should accurately determine the benefits of physical education classes, and school sports on health status.

Key words: physical activity, sport, lifestyle quality, life expectancy

References Fairclough, S.J., & Stratton, G. (2005). Physical education makes you fit and healthy: Physical education’s contribution to young people’s activity levels. Health Education Research, 20(1), 14–23.

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BENEFITI NASTAVE FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA I ŠKOLSKOG SPORTA ZA ZDRAVSTVENI STATUS: KRATAK PREGLED

Zvezdan Savić; Predrag Đokić; Nikola StojanovićFakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš, Srbija

UvodCilj ovog kratkog pregleda bio je utvrditi da li učestvovanje u školskom sportu i nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja pozitivno utiče na zdravstveni status učenika, u cilju primene stečenih znanja u budućoj praksi.

MetodeU literaturi su traženi pojmovi koji se odnose na ciljeve ovog istraživanja (npr. Fizičko vaspitanje, sport i školski sport), zdravstveni status učenika (npr. Kvalitetan način života i duži život, niži rizik od raznih bolesti, psihološki i emocionalni benefiti), kao i metode (eksperimentalna, pregledna istraživanja i metaanalize).

Rezultati sa diskusijomPodaci ove vrste mogu biti važni jer sadrže implikacije povezane sa fizičkim vaspitanjem i školskim sportom i njihovim uticajem na zdravstveni status. Međutim, iako se ovo istraživanje fokusira na fizičku kondiciju kao produkt fizičkog vaspitanja i školskog sporta, važno je napomenuti da bi mladi ljudi trebalo da steknu odgo-varajuće znanje o razumevanju bihevioralnih veština, kako bi stvorili mogućnost da fizička aktivnost postane sastavni deo njihove svakodnevice (Fairclough & Stratton, 2005). Na kraju, buduća istraživanja bi trebalo usmeriti ka pronalaženju prikladnijih metoda merenja dnevnog nivoa fizičke aktivnosti.

ZaključakZaključno u vezi sa benefitima fizičkog vaspitanja i školskog sporta, moglo bi se napomenuti da istraživanja o važnosti uspostavljanja osnovnih obrazaca pokreta, sa imperativom na zdravstveni status, zagovaraju po-trebu mladih da se bave celoživotnim učenjem i fizičkom aktivnošću, što može rezultirati postepenom prom-enom plana i programa fizičkog vaspitanja i školskih sportskih takmičenja. Buduća istraživanja bi trebalo da preciznije odrede prednosti nastave fizičkog vaspitanja i školskog sporta na zdravstveni status.

Ključne reči: fizička aktivnost, sport, kvalitet života, životni vek

Literatura Fairclough, S.J., & Stratton, G. (2005). Physical education makes you fit and healthy: Physical education’s contribution to young people’s activity levels. Health Education Research, 20(1), 14–23.

Sports ethics, bioethics and physical activity

Etika sporta, bioetika i fizička aktivnost

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BIOETHICS OF SPORT: WHAT KIND OF FUTURE IS THERE FOR THE CONTEMPORARY SPORTS?

Matija Mato ŠkerbićUniversity Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Integrative Bioethics, Zagreb, Croatia

Introduction At this point, the field of Bioethics of Sport is in an establishing phase as a Philosophy of Sport sub-discipline. Sport-bioethicists are mostly dealing with the issues of the future of the sport, but also its present, trying to resolve issues that galloping bio-medical and other technologies are throwing in front of the sport. Resolution of the precedent bioethical cases like Oscar Pistorius, Markus Rehm or Caster Semenya, among many oth-ers, have huge importance and impact on our views and understandings of sport, but also competition, and fair play, as well as the integrity of sport per se. Such cases are changing and modifying sports, messing with the conceptions of equality of opportunity, values and virtues in sports, at the same time influencing the sports regulations and rules, and making pressure on sports institutions and their decisions.

MethodsThe research was conducted by the application of the critical analysis method and a critical review method. Results and discussionIn this paper I will propose seven possible group of issues for the future of sports: (1) categorisation of sport (Camporesi&McNamee, 2015, 2018), (2) unregulation of the clinical research (Camporesi, 2015), (3) gene modifications – homo athleticus (Petranovic et al., 2019), (4) gene enhancement and new paternalism (Šker-bić, 2019), (5) genetic screening laboratories (Camporesi&McNamee, 2018) (6) new means of performance enhancement (Miah, 2016), and (7) cyber-athletes and coercion (Škerbić, Greguric, 2019).

ConclusionFirstly, it is an obvious fact that bio-medical technologies and advancement entered deeply into sports, changing it, as well as its practice-communities. Secondly, it is up to sports-bioethicists (among others like officials, contestants, scientists…) to anticipate and propose measures and solutions to preserve the nature, spirit and integrity of sports. Thirdly, proposed seven measures in this paper intend to be (exemplary) con-tribution in that regard.

Key words: bioethics of sport, future of sports, categorisation, gene technology, performance enhance-ments, coercion, cyborg athletes

ReferencesCamporesi, S. & McNamee, M (2018), Bioethics, Genetics and Sport, London: RoutledgeŠkerbić, M. M. (2019), »Bioethics of Sport and its Place in the Philosophy of Sport«, Synthesis Philosophca 34 (2/2019): 1-15.

Application of physical education, sport and

recreation in work with the persons with special needs (gifted persons and persons

with developmental disorders)

Primena fizičkog vaspitanja, sporta i rekreacije u

radu sa osobama sa potrebom za posebnom

društvenom brigom (talentovanim osobama i osobama sa razvojnim

smetnjama)

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DYNAMICS OF MOVEMENT ADAPTATION AND EXERCISE IN WATER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES THROUGH A CUSTOMIZED SWIMMING PROGRAM

Aldvin Torlaković; Roman Kebat; Enes PeštekOlympic swimming pool Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina

IntroductionWe are aware of the fact that persons with disabilities are significantly limited in the dynamics of learning of movement activities. Considering that exercise in water is a very effective and useful exercise for children and young people with disabilities, the aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a custom-ized swimming program on the dynamics of their movement adaptation in water.

MethodThe study was conducted on a sample of 16 subjects, both genders (12 male and 4 female), with difficulties in psychomotor development. The subjects were divided into two groups, the experimental group G1 (8) children aged 6 to 14 years and the control group G2 (8) youth aged 15 to 19 years. Respondents were enrolled in a water exercise program according to the Halliwick concept (Lambeck and Stanat, 2001; McMil-lan) The assessment of the level of adaptation to movement in water was analyzed with ten (10) variables. A t-test for dependent and independent samples was used to analyze the test results.

Results and discussion Analysis of the results of the t-test for the dependent samples, indicates a high level of statistical significance (indicating progress) in all variables: psychological adaptation (PPR < .003); independence (SAM < .000); transverse rotation (TRO < .018); sagittal rotation (SRO < .007); longitudinal rotation (LRO < .048); combined rotation (KRO < .046); buoyancy (UZG < .016); balance at rest (BAM < .002); turbulence (TUR < .025); swimming elements (EPL < .002).The t-test results for independent samples (between croup) at initial testing indicate a high level of difference for the variables: independence (SAM < .049), buoyancy (UZG < .021) and resting balance (BAM < .020). Comparison of t-test results for independent samples on final testing indicates a high level of difference for the variables: longitudinal rotation (LRO < .021) and swimming elements (EPL <.049). In both tests G2 showed better results. The motor skills of the subjects developed relatively slowly and with significant re-duced mobility of movement, which confirmed the conclusions of earlier studies (Jobling, 1994). However, the results obtained indicate that the program was effective for all respondents. It can be observed that the control group of subjects (G2) had better results at the initial and final measurements. This was especially true for more complex movement activities (variables), and that can be explained by their age characteris-tics.

ConclusionThe individual approach to exercise in the water (Hallviick concept) plays an important role in achieving good results for movement adaptation as a prerequisite for more advanced swimming programs. It can also be concluded that age characteristics may influence the dynamics of psychomotor adaptation for exercise in water in this population.

Key words: swiming, Halliwack, psychomotor adaptation

ReferencesJobling, A. (1994). Physical education for the person with Down syndrome: More than playing games? DS Research and Practice. 2(1), 31-35. Lambeck, J., & Stanat, F. (2001b). The Halliwick concept, part II. Journal of Aquatic Physical Therapy, 9, 6-11.

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DINAMIKA ADAPTACIJE KRETANJA I VJEŽBANJA U VODI ZA DJECU I OMLADINU S TEŠKOĆAMA U RAZVOJU KROZ PRILAGOĐENI PROGRAM PLIVANJA

Aldvin Torlaković; Roman Kebat; Enes PeštekOlimpijski bazen Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina

UvodSvjesni smo činjenice da su osobe s teškoćama u razvoju značajno limitirane u dinamici učenja određenih kretnih aktivnosti. Imajući u vidu da vježbanje u vodi spada u vrlo efikasne i korisne kretne aktivnosti za dje-cu i omladinu s teškoćama u razvoju, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi efikasnost prilagođenog programa plivanja na dinamiku njihove kretne adaptacije u vodi.

MetodIstraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 16 ispitanika, oba spola (12 muških i 4 ženske), sa teškoćama u psihomotornom razvoju. Ispitanici su bili podjeljeni u dvije grupe – eksperimentalna grupa G1 (8) sa djecom uzrasta od 6 do 14 godina i kontrolna grupa G2 (8) sa omladinom uzrasta od 15 do 19 godina. Ispitanici su bili uključeni u program vježbanja u vodi, prema Halliwick konceptu (Lambeck i Stanat, 2001). Procjenu nivoa prilagođenosti na kretanje u vodi analizirano je sa deset (10) varijabli. Za analizu rezultata testiranja korišten je t-test za zavisne i nezavisne uzorke.

Rezultati sa diskusijomAnaliza rezultata t-testa za zavisne uzorke ukazuje na visok nivo statističke značajnosti (što ukazuje na napredak) obje grupe u svim varijablama: psihološka pilagodba (PPR< .003); samostalnost (SAM< .000); transverzalna rotacija (TRO< .018); sagitalna rotacija (SRO< .007); longitudinalna rotacija (LRO< .048); kombinovana rotacija (KRO < .046); uzgon (UZG< .016); balans u mirovanju (BAM< .002); turbulencija (TUR< .025); elementi plivanja (EPL< .002). Retultati t-testa za nezavisne uzorke (između grupa) na inicijalnom testiranju ukazuju na visok nivo razlika za varijabe: samostalnost (SAM< .049), uzgon (UZG< .021) i balans u mirovanju (BAM< .020). Komparacija rezultata t-testa za nezavisne uzorke na finalnom testiranju ukazuju na razliku između grupa za varijable: longitudinalna rotacija (LRO< .021) i elementi plivanja (EPL< .049). U oba testiranja bolje rezultate pokazala je grupa G2. Kretna motorika ispitanika razvijala se relativno sporo i sa značajnim smanjenjem mobilnosti pokreta, čime su se potvrdili zaključci ranije provedenih studija (Jobling, 1994). Ipak, dobijeni rezultati uka-zuju da je program bio efikasan za sve ispitanike. Može se primjetiti da je kontrolna grupa ispitanika (G2) imala bolje rezultate na inicijalnom i finalnom mjerenju. To se posebno odnosilo na složenije kretne aktivnosti (varijable), što se može objasniti njihovim uzrasnim karakteristikama.

ZaključakIndividualni pristup vježbanju u vodi (Hallviick koncept) ima veliku ulogu za postizanje dobrih rezultata za kretnu adaptaciju kao preduslov za naprednije programe plivanja. Također, može se zaključiti da uzrast može imati uticaja na dinamiku psiho-motoričke adaptacije za vježbanje u vodi kod ove populacije.

Ključne reči: plivanje, Halliwick, psiho-motoričke adaptacija

LiteraturaJobling, A. (1994). Physical education for the person with Down syndrome: More than playing games? DS Research and Practice. 2(1), 31-35. Lambeck, J., & Stanat, F. (2001b). The Halliwick concept, part II. Journal of Aquatic Physical Therapy, 9, 6-11.

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CHANGES IN MOTOR ABILITIES AND FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW STUDY

Jelena Nikolić; Fadilj EminovićUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionThe participation of persons with physical disabilities in physical activities is determined by personal, bio-logical and environmental factors, which can be associated with motor functioning. Motor task performance and the formation of movement patterns, in addition to cognitive, are related to the level of development of motor abilities and skills. As a research problem, the question often arises as to whether and how physical activity, adapted to the specific level of functioning of an individual, affects the motor functioning and abili-ties of children and adults with physical disabilities?

MethodThe following electronic databases have been searched for the collection of scientific papers: Science-Direct, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink and printed materials. Scientific papers, published in entirety, in the interval from the year 2010th to 2019th, were searched. Applied methods for the selection of articles, were: a selection, an analysis, synthetics and comparison of contents.

Results and discussionCertain research findings suggest that the use of recreational and exercise-based activities contributes to the advancement of segments of motor functioning in the disability population of different ages. Halliwick Concept based swimming programs contribute to the optimization of muscle tone, mobility and gross motor skills of children with cerebral palsy (Lai et al., 2015; Jorgić et al., 2014), while indoor climbing programs lead to improved balance, range of mobility, speed, power (Christensen et al., 2017). The quality of move-ment performance and movement skills of children with physical disabilities can be improved by imple-menting basic motor skills development training program (Capio et al., 2015). Exercise programs for adults with paraplegia, resulting from a spinal cord injury, enhance motor abilities (Eminović & Kljajić, 2016), while low-intensity activities in the older population lead to increased movement quality, gait speed and balance (Valiani et al., 2017).

Conclusion By proper physical activities dosing, active participation of individuals, respecting the lawfulness of devel-opment, rehabilitation, and sports training, children and adults with physical disabilities can improve their motor abilities, skills, as well as all aspects of motor functioning.

Key words: motor abilities, motor disorders, motor skills, programed physical activity

ReferencesEminović, F., & Kljajić, D. (2016). Effects of Applied Physical Exercise on the Motor Abilities of People with Spinal Cord Injury. In F. Eminović, M. Dopsaj (Eds.), Physical Activity Effects on Anthropological Status of Children, Youth and Adults (pp. 129-160). New York: Nova Science Publishers. Capio, C., M., Sit, C., H., P., Eguia, K., F., Abernethy, R., S., W., & Masters, R., S. (2015). Fundamental movement skills training to promote physical activity in children with and without disability: A pilot study. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4, 235-243.

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PROMENE MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI I FUNKCIONISANJA DECE I ODRASLIH OSOBA SA TELESNIM INVALIDITETOM POD UTICAJEM FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI: SISTEMATSKO PREGLEDNO ISTRAŽIVANJE

Jelena Nikolić; Fadilj EminovićUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Beograd, Srbija

Uvod Učešće osoba sa telesnim invaliditetom u fizičkim aktivnostima determinisano je ličnim, biološkim i sre-dinskim činiocima, koji se dovode u vezu sa motoričkim funkcionisanjem. Realizacija motoričkih zadataka i formiranje obrazaca kretanja, pored kognitivnih, u vezi je sa nivoom razvoja motoričkih sposobnosti i vešti-na. Kao istraživački problem, neretko se nameće pitanje da li i na koji način fizička aktivnost prilagođena specifičnom nivou funkcionisanja pojedinca, utiče na motoričko funkcionisanje i sposobnosti dece i odraslih sa telesnim invaliditetom?

MetodZa prikupljanje istraživačkih podataka, vršena je pretraga elektronskih baza podataka: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink i štampanog materijala. Pretraživani su radovi objavljeni u celos-ti, u periodu od od 2010. do 2019. godine. Prilikom analize radova primenjene su metode: selekcije, analize, sinteze i komparacije sadržaja.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Pojedini istraživački nalazi ukazuju da primena aktivnosti zasnovanih na rekreaciji i vežbanju doprinosi un-epređenju segmenata motoričkog funkcionisanja populacije sa invaliditetom, različite starosne dobi. Pro-grami plivanja bazirani na Halivik konceptu doprinose optimizaciji mišićnog tonusa, pokretljivosti i grubih motoričkih veština dece sa cerebralnom paralizom (Lai et al., 2015; Jorgić et al., 2014), dok programi pen-janja u zatvorenom prostoru dovode do unapređenja ravnoteže, opsega pokretljivosti, brzine, snage (Chris-tensen et al., 2017). Kvalitet izvođenja pokreta i veštine kretanja dece sa telesnim invaliditetom, mogu se poboljšati primenom treninga razvoja bazičnih motoričkih veština (Capio et al., 2015). Programi vežbanja odraslih osoba sa paraplegijom, nastalom kao posledica povrede kičmene moždine, unapređuju motoričke sposobnosti (Eminović & Kljajić, 2016), dok aktivnosti niskog intenziteta kod starije populacije vode ka pov-ećanju kvaliteta pokreta, brzine hoda i ravnoteže (Valiani et al., 2017).

Zaključak Pravilnim doziranjem aktivnosti, aktivnim učešćem pojedinca, uz poštovanje zakonitosti razvoja, rehabil-itacije i sportskog treninga, deca i odrasle osobe sa telesnim invaliditetom mogu unaprediti svoje motoričke sposobnosti, veštine, odnosno sve aspekte motoričkog funkcionisanja.

Ključne reči: motoričke sposobnosti, motroičke veštine, poremećaj motorike, programirana fizička aktivnost

LiteraturaEminović, F., & Kljajić, D. (2016). Effects of Applied Physical Exercise on the Motor Abilities of People with Spinal Cord Injury. In F. Eminović, M. Dopsaj (Eds.), Physical Activity Effects on Anthropological Status of Children, Youth and Adults (pp. 129-160). New York: Nova Science Publishers. Capio, C., M., Sit, C., H., P., Eguia, K., F., Abernethy, R., S., W., & Masters, R., S. (2015). Fundamental movement skills training to promote physical activity in children with and without disability: A pilot study. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4, 235-243.

Poster presentations

Poster prezentacije

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THE EFFECTS OF THREE-MONTH AND SIX-MONTH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SOCIAL INCLUSION OF ELDERLY

Bojan Mašanovic; Jovan Gardaševic; Duško BjelicaUniversity of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Nikšic, Montenegro

IntroductionThe inclusion of as many people as possible in any form of activity and cooperation is shown to be a key in the recovery from mental problems, the reduction of poor mental health and the increase in mental strength, so the aim of this study is to examine how much physical activity can influence to reduce this problem.

Method The sample of 45 subjects (55-70 yrs) covered by this study was divided into two groups, experimental (15 subjects) and control (30 subjects). For the experimental group a 6-month physical activity program was organized. To assess the level of social inclusion questionnaire „Social Inclusion Scale (SIS)“ were used. To evaluate the difference in the degree of social inclusion between the groups MANOVA was used.

Results and discussionThe results showed that 3 months of physical activity did not affected significant changes, while 6 months of physical activity affected one of the three subscales of social exclusion. In the social relations subscale statistically significant differences were found in favor of the experimental group, while in the social isolation and social acceptance subscale significant difference has not been determined.

ConclusionAccordingly, it can be concluded that the program of organized physical activity has proved to be useful for improving social relations in the elderly.

Key words: inclusion in society, sports activity, Social Inclusion Scale, elderly people

ReferencesPopovic, S., & Masanovic, B. (2019). Effects of Physical Activity and Social Activity on Physical Health and Social Inclusion of Elderly People. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48(10), 1922-1923.Wilson, C., & Secker, J. (2015). Validation of the Social Inclusion Scale with Students. Social Inclusion, 3(4), 52-62.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL SHOOTING IN SERBIA

Goran Prebeg1, Vladimir Đukanović21 University of Belgrade, Faculty of sport and physical education, Serbia2 Practical Shooting Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

IntroductionPractical shooting is a popular and dynamic sport. It transpired from a need for more complex training conditions in the police, military and security services. Later, it became popular among the masses and was developed into a competitive sport; today it is an increasingly popular type of adrenaline recreation. IPSC (International Practical Shooting Confederation) was officially founded at an international firearms con-ference in Columbia, Missouri, USA in 1976. The motto of IPSC is DVC - Diligentia, Vis, Celeritas (preci-sion-power-speed), three elements equally important in achieving success in this sport. What increases the level of adrenaline among the participants is the fact that only firearms are used, and the goal is to score most points in the shortest time possible, in place and by moving on different grounds (stages). The devel-opment of IPSC in Serbia dates back to 1998 when pioneers of this sport went as spectators to the European championship held in Crimea and brought back the first acts of initiating this sport in Serbia. One of the most important goals and missions of the IPSC Association of Serbia is raising awareness and educating people in safely handling firearms.

MethodTo gather data, the archive of the IPSC association was used and the method of theoretical analysis.

Results and discussionThe Rule book on sport branches of the Republic of Serbia places IPSC among non-Olympic sports (Sport Acord). Organized practice of practical shooting begins in Serbia in 2000 with the foundation of the Asso-ciation, by merging five clubs. Today, the Association counts 23 clubs. There are six shooting ranges in Serbia that meet the requirements for organized competitions. On five of them it is possible to organize com-petitions of international level (Level 3), while one shooting range fulfills the highest international standards. So far, two European championships of Level 4 have been organized there (in 2010 and 2019), when Serbia was the host to the greatest names of this sport. The fact that many shooters from our country are at the very top of the shooting elite goes to show how popular and developed this sport is in Serbia. For example, Ljubiša Momčilović is the current vice champion of the old continent in the PRODUCTION division, Jelena Savković is the current vice world champion and European champion in the CLASSIC division, Igor Janković is the multiple champion of the world and Europe in the shotgun discipline of OPEN division and there are many more.

Conclusion Based on the stated facts, it can be concluded that the development of IPSC in Serbia follows the latest trends (the competition calendar, the quality of shooting ranges, competitors). The Association and the clubs are working hard to promote this branch of shooting, from recreation, education, training all the way to the highest level of competitions.

Key words: practical shooting, development, IPSC

Referenceswww.ipsc.rswww.ipsc.org

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RAZVOJ PRAKTIČNOG STRELJAŠTVA U SRBIJI

Goran Prebeg1; Vladimir Đukanović21 Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija2 Savez za praktično streljaštvo Srbije

UvodPraktično streljaštvo je popularan i dinamičan sport. Nastao je kao potreba za složenijim uslovima obuke pripadnika policije, vojske i službi obezbeđenja, da bi se kasnije omasovio i razvio kao takmičarski sport i sve popularniji vid adrenalin rekreacije. IPSC (International Practical Shooting Confederation) je zvanično osnovana na Međunarodnoj konferenciji ručnog vatrenog oružja u Kolumbiji, Misuri (SAD) 1976. godine. Moto IPSC-a glasi DVC - Diligentia, Vis, Celeritas (preciznost-snaga-brzina), tri elementa jednako važna za postizanje uspeha u ovom sportu. Ono što podiže nivo adrenalina kod učesnika je činjenica da se za ovaj sport koristi isključivo vatreno oružje, dok je cilj brzo i precizno rešavanje zadataka u mestu i kretanju na različitim poligonima (stage). Početak razvoja IPSC-a u Srbiji seže u 1998. godinu kada pioniri ovog sporta odlaze na Evropsko prvenstvo održano na Kritu, kao posmatrači i donose prve akte za pokretanje ovog sporta u Srbiji. Jedan od najvažnijih ciljeva i misija IPSC saveza Srbije je podizanje svesti i edukacija ljudi za bezbedno rukovanje vatrenim oružjem.

Metod Za prikupljanje podataka korišćena je arhiva saveza za praktično streljaštvo Srbije. Korišćen je metod teori-jske analize.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Pravilnikom o sportskim granama RS, IPSC je svrstan u grupu neolimpijskih sportova (Sport Acord). Orga-nizovano bavljenje praktičnim streljaštvom u Srbiji počinje osnivanjem saveza 2000. godine, udruživanjem pet klubova. Danas savez čini 23 kluba. Na teritoriji Srbije postoji šest strelišta koja ispunjavaju uslove za organizaciju takmičenja, od toga je na pet strelišta moguće organizovati takmičenja međunarodnog niova Level 3, dok jedno strelište ispunjava najviše međunarodne standarde i na njemu su do sada održana dva evropska prvenstva nivoa Level 4 (2010. i 2019.), kada je Srbija bila domaćin najvećim svetskim imenima ovog sporta. U prilog popularnosti i nivou razvijenosti u Srbiji, govori činjenica da dosta strelaca iz naše zem-lje ujedno čine i sam vrh svetske pucačke elite: Ljubiša Momčilović, trenutno aktuelni vicešampion starog kontinenta u klasi PRODUCTION, Jelena Savković u klasi CLASSIC, aktuelni je vicešampion sveta i prvak Evrope, Igor Janković višestruki prvak sveta i Evrope u disciplini puška sačmara u klasi OPEN i mnogi drugi.

Zaključak Na osnovu iznetih podataka može se zaključiti da razvoj IPSC-a u Srbiji prati aktuelne trendove (kalendar takmičenja, kvalitet strelišta, takmičari). Savez i klubovi intenzivno rade na promociji ove grane streljaštva od rekreacije, edukacije, obuke pa sve do najvišeg ranga takmičenja.

Ključne reči: praktično streljaštvo, razvoj, IPSC

Literaturawww.ipsc.rswww.ipsc.org

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MOVEMENT FUNCTION AND VISUAL PROCESSING IN THE CONTEXT OF SENSORY INTEGRATION IN CHILDREN WITH DISHARMONIC DEVELOPMENT

Miodrag Milenović; Miljan JovićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš

IntroductionCooperation with the work of the other senses, especially with sight, is necessary for any movement. This alignment is facilitated by sensory integration - a neurobiological activity that enables the organization of arriving stimuli. Only when sensations are integrated can the brain produce a purposeful response (Ayers, 1979). Otherwise, there may be development issues. Therefore, we wanted to examine the relationship be-tween movement and visual stimulation, as one of the potential factors for disharmonic development.

MethodSensory integration in 30 children diagnosed with disharmonic development (F-83) was examined through parents’ assessment, using the Child Sensory Profiles instrument (Dunn, 2014), which distinguishes four consequences of sensory information processing for the child: seeking (the degree of sensory stimulation seeking), avoidance (degree of disturbance by sensory stimulation), sensitivity (registration of sensory stim-ulation), and observation (lack of registration of existing stimulation). Correlation and regression analysis were used. Visual seeking and visual observation were independent variables and the variables motion-sen-sitivity, motion-search and motion-observation were dependent.

Results and discussionResults showed high correlations between visual seeking (r=.839, p<.01) and visual observation (r=.722, p<.01) with motion sensitivity. This is in line with research regarding the development of intellect, which begins early in childhood with the phase of sensorimotor intelligence. Regression analysis showed that the model, consisting of the two listed categories of visual perception, significantly predicts motion sensitivity, R2=.731, p< .00. Only statistically significant predictor was visual seeking (β=.665, p<.01).

ConclusionIin children diagnosed with F-83, there is sensory integration dysfunction when it comes to the results be-tween the reception of visual stimulation and movement function, occurring only within one category of sensory processing. This result should be examined on a larger sample of children with disharmonic devel-opment. It would also be significant to check results on the children without developmental problems.

Key words: motion function, visual processing, sensory integration, disharmonic development

ReferencesAyers, J. (1979). Sensory Integration and the Child, Los Angeles: Western Psychological ServicesDunn, W. (2014). Child Sensory Profiles 2, Bloomington-MN: PsychCorp

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FUNKCIJA POKRETA I VIZUELNO PROCESIRANJE U KONTEKSTU SENZORNE INTEGRACIJE KOD DECE SA DISHARMONIČNIM RAZVOJEM

Miodrag Milenović; Miljan JovićDepartman za Psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Univerzitet u Nišu

UvodDa bi se pokret realizovao, neophodno je da bude usklađen sa radom ostalih čula, posebno sa vidom. Tu usklađenost omogućuje senzorna integracija - neurobiološka aktivnost koja omogućava organizovanje prispelih stimulusa. Samo kad su senzacije integrisane, mozak ih može upotrebiti za ostvarivanje svrhovite reakcije (Ayers, 1979).U suprotnom, može doći do razvojnih problema. Stoga smo hteli da ispitamo odnos pokreta i vizuelne stimulacije, kao jednog od potencijalnih faktora disharmoničnog razvoja.

MetodInstrument Senzorni profil deteta (Dunn, 2014) popunjen je od strane roditelja 30 dece sa dijagnozom dis-harmonični razvoj (F-83). Instrument meri četiri kategorije, posledice senzorne obrade informacija:traženje (stepen u kome dete traži čulnu stimulaciju), izbegavanje (stepen u kome je dete uznemireno čulnom stim-ulacijom), osetljivost (stepen u kome dete registruje čulnu stimulaciju) i posmatranje (stepen u kome dete ne registruje postojeću čulnu stimulaciju). Usklađenost mera govori o adekvatnoj senzornoj integraciji. Ko-rišćenesu korelaciona i regresiona analiza. Varijable vizuelno traženje i vizuelno posmatranje sunezavisne, a varijable pokret-osetljivost, pokret-traženje i pokret-posmatranje zavisne (upitnik meri samo navedene varijable u kontekstu vida i pokreta).

Rezultati sa diskusijomDobijene su visoke korelacije izmeđuvarijable pokret-osetljivost, sa jedne, i varijabli vizuelno traženje (r=.839, p<.01)i vizuelno posmatranje (r=.722, p<.01), sa druge strane, mereno Pirsonovim koeficijentom korelacije. To je saglasno sa istraživanjima razvoja intelektualnih sposobnosti, koje u ranom detinjstvu upravo počinju fazom senzomotorne inteligencije. Iz ugla regresione analize, model koga čine dve navedene kategorije vizuelne percepcije, značajano predviđa vrednosti varijable osetljivosti za pokret, R2=.731, p<.00, a vizuel-no traženje je jedini statistički značajan prediktor(β=.665, p<.01).

ZaključakIz podatka da korelacija postoji samo u jednoj kategoriji, može se zaključiti da kod dece sa dijagnozom F-83 postoji disfunkcija senzorne integracije. Ovaj rezultat bi trebalo ispitati na većem uzorku dece sa dishar-moničnim razvojem, ali i videti u kojoj meri je saglasan sa nalazima kod dece bez razvojnih problema.

Ključne reči: funkcija pokreta, vizuelno procesiranje, senzorna integracija, disharmonični razvoj

LiteraturaAyers, J. (1979). Sensory Integration and the Child, Los Angeles: Western Psychological ServicesDunn, W. (2014). Child Sensory Profiles 2, Bloomington-MN: PsychCorp

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RELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MOTOR ABILITIES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Mateja Beck; Zvonimir Tomac; Dražen RastovskiFaculty of Education, University J.J. Strossmayer of Osijek

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between physical activity and the development of motor abilities and anthropometric characteristics, and to determine whether additional physical activity has an effect on their development.

Method The study was conducted on 30 elementary school children in Osijek. Measuring instruments consisted of the International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and six tests to assess motor abilities. Basic statistics parameters (mean and standard deviation) are calculated, Pearson coeffi-cient of correlation and t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results and discussionThe obtained results showed that there is a correlation between physical activity and development of motor abilities and anthropometric characteristics. The positive correlation coefficients (r) ranged between 0.36 to 0.60, depending on motor ability, and the negative correlation coefficients (r) between physical activity level and body mass range from -0.41 to -0.47. Also, additional physical activity was found to have a positive effect on the development of ability, with statistically significant differences obtained (t = -2.09; p = 0.046), repetitive strength (t = -2.71; p = 0.011) and coordination (t = 2.82; p=0.009), all for the benefit of children additionally engaged in physical activity beyond regular physical education.

Conclusion This study found a statistically significant correlation between the level of physical activity and the develop-ment of motor abilities and skills, and it was proved that the level of physical activity also influences weight loss, which is one of the major problems of children today.

Key words: elementary school children, physical activity, motor abilities, anthropometrics characteristics

References Ara, I., Moreno, L.A., Leiva, M.T., Gutin, B., Casajús, J.A. (2007). Adiposty, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness Among Children From Aragón, Spain. Obesity, 15 (8), 1918-1924. Caspersen, C.J., Powell, K.E., Christenson, G.M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distictions for health related research. Public Health Reports, 100 (2), 126-129.

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THERAGUN AS A RECOVERY TOOL IN RECREATIONAL EXERCISE

Marko Ćosić; Nenad Baša; Stanimir Stojiljković; Goran PrebegUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Serbia

IntroductionIn the last half a century, there has been an intense search for the right model of physical activity that will meet the needs of a modern man/woman in the modern society. Fitness philosophy and recreational exer-cise are an integral part of trends and habits among the population, and therefore, professionally applied knowledge in these areas is becoming more widespread. An indispensable part of the exercise process is the recovery phase, in which various tools, requisites and devices are applied. Theragun is one of the tools that has brought about a lot of changes in the way the recovery phase in the sports and fitness industry is realized. The aim of this paper is to theoretically present the Theragun device as an effective tool in the re-covery process, outlining the basic principles and effects of its application.

MethodTheoretical analysis was used as methodology.

Results and discussionTheragun is an electric hand massager, and belongs to the group of physical medical devices for recovery. The main part of the device consists of micro motors, the handle and the functional part of the device, which has a fixed and mobile part, to which attachments are made of foam material that treats muscle tissue. The device produces 2200 to 2500 beats per minute on target tissue resulting in a vibration frequency of 60Hz to 65Hz, which is about 15Hz higher than the frequency of chronic pain signals, which contributes to the reduction of chronic pain in a short time interval. This frequency also affects the deep layers of the soft tissues, which allows the muscles to tighten and relax quickly, thereby improving blood flow and allowing excess oxygen and nutrients in the tissue. For proper use of the device, three parameters must be defined: pressure (sensitivity and size of the muscle group, subjective feeling of the exerciser), direction of provision of the treated muscle fibers and duration (less than 10 seconds for activation, 30 seconds for warming up and preparation, up to 2 minutes for the recovery of the treated muscle).

ConclusionIn line with the results of previous research, Theragun and the shock massage therapy it uses are very effec-tive tools in the recovery phase, especially in breaking down the internal scar tissue, increasing circulation, increasing range of motion and reducing muscle spasms.

Key words: shock massage therapy, hand massager

ReferencesPournot,H. et all (2016). The Acute Effect of Local Vibration as a Recovery Modality from Exercise-Induced Increased Muscle Stiff-ness. J Sports Sci Med. 15(1):142–147. Stojiljković, S. i sar. (2012). Personalni fitnes. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.

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“THERAGUN” KAO SREDSTVO OPORAVKA U REKREATIVNOM VEŽBANJU

Marko Ćosić; Nenad Baša; Stanimir Stojiljković; Goran PrebegUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija

UvodU poslednjih pola veka intenzivno se traga za pravim modelom bavljenja fizičkim aktivnostima koji će za-dovoljiti potrebe savremenog čoveka u savremenom društvu. Fitnes filozofija, rekreativno vežbanje čine sastavni deo trendova i navika među populacijom, a samim tim stručno aplikativna znanja u ovim oblastima postaju sve rasprostranjenija. Neizostavan deo procesa vežbanja je faza oporavka, u kojoj se primenjuju, različita sredstva, rekviziti i uređaji. Theragun se ubraja u sredstva koja su donela mnoštvo izmena u načinu realizacije faze oporavka u sportskoj i fitnes industriji. Cilj ovog rada je teorijski prikaz Theragun uređaja kao efikasnog sredstva u procesu oporavka, prikaz osnovnih principa i efekata primene.

Metod Korišćen je metod teorijske analize.

Rezultati sa diskusijom Theragun je električni ručni masažer, spada u grupu fizičkih medicinskih sredstava za oporavak. Glavni deo uređaja čine mikromotori, zatim ručka i funkcionalni deo uređaja koji ima fiksni i mobilni deo, na koji se kače nastavci od penušastog materijala kojima se tretira mišićno tkivo. Uređaj proizvodi 2200 do 2500 udara u minuti, na ciljano tkivo što dovodi do vibracione frekvencije od 60Hz do 65Hz, što je za oko 15Hz više nego frekvencija signala hroničnog bola, što doprinosi smanjenju hroničnog bola u kratkom vremenskom interva-lu. Ova frekvencija deluje i na duboke slojeve mekih tkiva što omogućava da se mišići brzo stežu i opuštaju i tako poboljšaju protok krvi i omoguće višak kiseonika i hranljivih materija u tkivu. Za pravilnu upotrebu uređaja potrebno je definisati tri parametra: pritisak (osetljivost i veličina mišićne grupe, subjektivni osećaj vežbača), pravac pružanja vlakana tretiranog mišića i trajanje (manje od 10 sekundi za aktivaciju, 30 sekun-di za zagrevanje i pripremu, pa sve do 2 minuta za oporavak tretiranog mišića).

Zaključak Prema analiziranoj literaturi i dostupnim podacima, Theragun i udarna masažna terapija koju koristi su veo-ma efikasno sredstvo u fazi oporavka, naročito kod razbijanja unutrašnjeg ožiljnog tkiva, povećavanja cirku-lacije, povećavanja opsega pokreta i smanjenja grčeva mišića.

Ključne reči: udarna masažna terapija, ručni masažer

LiteraturaPournot,H. et all (2016). The Acute Effect of Local Vibration As a Recovery Modality from Exercise-Induced Increased Muscle Stiff-ness. J Sports Sci Med. 15(1):142–147. Stojiljković, S. i sar. (2012) . Personalni fitnes. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.

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INDEX OF AUTHORSINDEKS AUTORA_____

Arvanitidou Vasileia 88 Aldvin Torlaković 118, 119Аleksandar Janković 42, 43Aleksandar Radosavljević 103, 104Aleksandar Stefanović 44, 45Aleksandra Lakić 44, 45Amalia Stafyla 88Ana Orlić 19, 20, 26, 27Athanasios Laios 88

Boban Milojković 86, 87, 92, 93Bobana Berjan Bačvarević 54, 55Bojan Leontijević 42, 43Bojan Mašanović 123Božica Stefanović 19, 20Branka Marković 46, 47 Branka Savović 90, 91Branko Škof 36, 37

Daliborka Stanković 38, 39Daniel Heler 84, 85Darko Mitrović 76, 77, 103, 104Dejan Bokonjić 105, 106 Dejana Popovic 109, 110Dragan Branković 105, 106Dragan Petrić 78, 79Dragica Kostić 61, 62Dragiša Mladenović 33, 34Dražen Rastovski 128Dušan Stošić 73, 74Duško Bjelica 123

Ena Crnoja 23Enes Peštek 118, 119

Fadilj Eminović 120, 121Franjo Lovrić 35

Goran Bošnjak 36, 37Goran Džafić 76, 77Goran Nešić 38, 39Goran Prebeg 124, 125, 129, 130Gorana Tešanović 36, 37Gordana Milošević 82, 83

Igor Ranisavljev 95, 96Ilija Andrejić 78, 79Ioannis Athanailidis 88Ivana Čerkez Zovko 44, 45Ivana Kujundžić Lujan 35Ivana Milanović 61, 62Ivana Milovanović 28, 29Ivana Mitrović 21, 22

Jelena Nikolić 120, 121Josefina Đuzel 52, 53Josip Cvenić 23Josip Lukač 40, 41Jovan Gardašević 123

Katarina Nejić 97, 98Kosta Novaković 99, 100Kristina Marković 97, 98

Lazar Tomić 42, 43Lazar Toskić 101, 102

Lidija Moskovljević 58, 59Ljiljana Stankov 80, 81Ljubica Papić 95, 96

Marija Čolić 19, 20, 26, 27Marija Macura 95, 96, 109, 110Marijana Čavala 52, 53Marin Barišić 40, 41Marjan Malcev 24Marko Ćosić 65, 66, 129, 130Marko Erak 44, 45, 67, 68Marko Stevanović 63, 64Marta Ćirković 46, 47Mateja Beck 128Matija Mato Škerbić 116Metodi Glavce 24Milan Marković 101, 102Milan Matić 54, 55Milan Spaić 103, 104Milinko Dabović 36, 37, 44, 45 Milivoj Dopsaj 101, 102Milorad Kličković 82, 83Milorad Marković 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87Miloš Marković 61, 62, 90, 91Miloš Mudrić 48, 49Miloš Petrović 67, 68Miljan Jović 126, 127Mima Stanković 97, 98Miodrag Milenović 126, 127Miodrag Spasić 40, 41Mira Jovanović 80, 81Мiloslav Fabok 42, 43 Miroslav Milovanović 48, 49Miroslav Stevanović 63, 64Mladen Marinović 25

Nataša Starčević 80, 81Nebojša Đošić 50, 51Nebojša Jotov 107, 108Nebojša Mitrović 105, 106Nebojša Zagorac 52, 53Nemanja Pažin 54, 55Nemanja Rebić 26, 27, 111, 112Nenad Baša 129, 130Nenad Vasić 84, 85Nera Budalica 52, 53Nikola Majstorović 38, 39Nikola Rvović 78, 79Nikola Stojanović 113, 114Nikolay Panayotov 107, 108

Olivera Knežević 67, 68

Petar Spaić 103, 104Predrag Božić 54, 55Predrag Đokić 113, 114

Radenko Arsenijević 54, 55Robert Ropret 69, 70, 71, 72Roman Kebat 118, 119

Sandra Radenović 28, 29, 90, 91Sanja Mandarić 46, 47Sanja Vuletić 80, 81Sara Stanić Jovanović 63, 64Saša Bubanj 97, 98

Saša Jakovljević 54, 55Slobodan Tošić 56, 57Slobodanka Dobrijević 58, 59, 111, 112Snežana Radisavljević Janić 61, 62Sonja Ivančević 63, 64Srđan Jovanović 63, 64 Stanimir Stojiljković 95, 96, 129, 130Stefan Đorđević 97, 98Stefan Radojičić 65, 66Stefan Seman 109, 110Svetislav Šoškić 73, 74

Tijana Purenović Ivanović 58, 59Tzeni Deligiannidou 88

Uroš Kostić 73, 74

Violeta Šiljak 30, 31Vladimir Đukanović 124, 125Vladimir Ilić 99, 100, 111, 112Vladimir Jakovljević 36, 37Vladimir Miletić 86, 87, 92, 93Vladimir Živanović 105, 106

Zdravko Aničić 67, 68Zoran Čuljak 35Zvezdan Savić 113, 114Zvonimir Tomac 128

Željko Rajković 56, 57, 86, 87

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LIST OF REVIEWERSSPISAK RECENZENATA_____

Aleksandar NedeljkovićAleksandra PopovićAna Vesković Boban MilojkovićBojan LeontijevićBranka MarkovićBranka Savović

Dejan Suzović Dragan BrankovićDragan Mirkov Dragiša Mladenović Dušan Mitić

Đorđe Stefanović

Franjo Lovrić

Goran Kasum Goran Prebeg

Hadži Saša Ilić

Irina Juhas

Jovan Babić

Lazar Tomić

Marija ČolićMarija MacuraMarko ĆosićMatija Mato ŠkerbićMilan MatićMilan SpaićMilinko DabovićMiloš Hadži VidakovićMiloš MarkovićMiloš Mudrić

Nikola ČikirizNikola MajstorovićNikola Stojanović

Radivoj MandićRobert Ropret

Sandra Radenovic Sanja MandarićSlađana MijatovićSlobodan TošićSlobodanka Dobrijević Stanimir Stojiljković

Velimir JeknićVladimir MiletićVladimir MiloševićVladimir Mrdaković

Željko Rajković

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INSTITUTIONINSTITUCIJE_____

Affidea dijagnostički centar, Beograd Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Cardiology Dijagnostičko-trenažni centar “Marja Fitness” European Center for Peace and Development UN University for Peace, Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Education, University J.J. Strossmayer of Osijek Faculty of science and education, University of Mostar Fakultet organizacionih nauka, Beograd, Srbija Fakultet za menadžment u sportu (Alfa BK Univerzitet, Beograd, Srbija) Fakultet za sport i fizičko vaspitanje, Univerzitet u Prištini – Kosovska Mitrovica, Leposavić, Srbija Fitness klub “Life active”, Beograd Gimnazija „Kirilo i Metodije“, Dimitrovgrad, Srbija Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade JP „Resavska pećina“ Despotovac, Srbija Kineziološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Splitu, Split, Republika Hrvatska Kriminalističko-policijski univerzitet – Departman kriminalistike, Beograd, Srbija Kulturni centar Surčin, Beograd, Srbija Muzej Fakulteta sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija Nacionalna služba za zapošljavanje, Beograd, Srbija National sports academy „Vasil Levski“, Sofia, Bulgaria Olimpijski bazen Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina Osnovna škola “Gavrilo Princip”, Zemun Pedagogycal faculty „St. Kliment Ohridski“, Skopje, Macedonija PK ”Kamena gora”, Prijepolje, Srbija PSK “Avala”, Beograd, Srbija Savez za praktično streljaštvo Srbije Škola skijanja „Kopaonik“, Kopaonik, Srbija Sveučilište u Mostaru, Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti TEI of Central Macedonia, Logistics Department Greece Institution University Department of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Integrative Bioethics University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Komotini GreeceUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za šport, Ljubljana, Slovenija Univerzitet odbrane, Vojna Akademija Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Banja Luka, Bosna i HercegovinaUniverzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Beograd, Srbija Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Beograd, Srbija Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, Učiteljski fakultet, Beograd, Srbija Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Medicinski fakultet, Foča, Bosna i Hercegovina Univerzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Pedagoški fakultet, Bijeljina, Bosna i Hercegovina Univerzitet u Nišu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Niš, Srbija Univerzitet u Nišu, Filozofski fakultet, Departman za Psihologiju Univerzitet u Novom Sadu Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Novi Sad, Srbija Univerzitetski sportski savez Beograda, Beograd, Srbija Visoka škola strukovnih studija za obrazovanje vaspitača i trenera, Subotica, Srbija Visoka škola strukovnih studija za vaspitače, Šabac, Srbija Visoka sportska i zdravstvena škola, Beograd, Srbija Vojno medicinska akademija, Beograd Žandarmerija, Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija Zavod za sport i medicinu sporta Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija Zavod za zaštitu prirode Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

CIP - Katalogizacija u publikacijiNarodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd

796/799(048)371.3::796(048)

МЕЂУНАРОДНА научна конференција Ефекти примене физичке активности на антрополошки статус деце, омладине и одраслих (2019; Београд) Zbornik sažetaka / Međunarodna naučna konferencija Efekti primene fizičke aktivnosti na antropološki status dece, omladine i odraslih, 11-12. decembar 2019, Beograd ; urednici Željko Rajković ... [et al.]. - Beograd : Univerzitet, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja = University, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, 2019 (Beograd : 3D+). - 133 str. ; 30 cm

Na spor. nasl. str.: Book of Abstracts. - Uporedo tekst na srp. i engl. jeziku. - Tiraž 30. - Registar.

ISBN 978-86-89773-52-1

a) Спорт -- Апстракти b) Физичко васпитање -- Апстракти

COBISS.SR-ID 281612300