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Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

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Page 1: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

Forensic Anthropology

Page 2: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Parts of the Skeletal System

• Axial skeleton– Skull, vertebral column, ribs

• Appendicular skeleton– Upper & lower limb bones,

pectoral & pelvic girdles

Page 3: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology
Page 4: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Clavicle

Page 5: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Scapula

Page 6: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Costals (Ribs)

Page 7: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Sternum

Page 8: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Thoracic Cage True ribs (pairs 1 – 7)False ribs (pairs 8 – 12)Floating ribs (pairs 11 – 12)

Parts of Sternum:•Manubrium•Body•Xiphoid Process

Page 9: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Vertebra

Page 10: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Humerus

Page 11: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Ulna

Page 12: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Radius

Page 13: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Sternum

ClavicleScapula

Costals (Ribs)Humerus

VertebraUlna

Radius

Page 14: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology
Page 15: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Sacrum

Page 16: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Sacrum & Coccyx

Page 17: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Ilium

Page 18: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Ischium

Page 19: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Pubis

Page 20: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

1. Sacrum

8. Coccyx

2. Ilium

3. Ischiuim

4. Pubis6. Acetabulum

7. Obturator Foramen

Page 21: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Femur

Page 22: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Patella

Page 23: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Tibia

Page 24: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Fibula

Page 25: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Ilium

Ischium

Femur

Fibula

SacrumPubis

Patella

Tibia

Page 26: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Hand

Page 27: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Page 28: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Metacarpels

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Page 29: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Phalanges

Metacarpels

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Page 30: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Foot

Page 31: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Foot

Tarsals

Page 32: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Foot

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Page 33: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Bones of the Foot

Phalanges

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Page 34: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

The Tales that Bones Tell

Page 35: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Forensic Anthropology

= Analysis of skeletal remains within a legal investigation

• Physical anthropologist = osteologist

• Training = BS physical anthropology

MS osteology

Page 36: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Biological Identity (who was it?)

• Age

• Sex

• Previous injuries

• Cause of death

• Race

• Stature/weight

Page 37: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Approximate Age?

IN CHILDREN:• The cranium is much

larger in relation to the face and mandible

• The mandible and maxilla become larger as permanent molars begin to erupt

Child 4 years old

Page 38: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Fusing of Skull

• Appearance of sutures can give approximate age

• In infants there are large gaps which close slowly over time

Page 39: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

• Head of Femur: 19 – 20 years

• Part of hip: 24 years

• Female bones stop growing in length usually 1-2 years before male bones

Epiphyseal Fusion

Page 40: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Other factors telling about age

• Bone density - drops after 40

• Pelvic joint morphology- ridge detail wears out over time

• Dental changes

Page 41: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Skull & pelvis are the two most sexually dimorphic areas

Page 42: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology
Page 43: Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Forensic Anthropology

Appendicular Skeleton Activity

• Excellent site to study:

http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html

http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html

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