bone structure & growth. anatomy of a long bone epiphysis – ends mostly spongy bone ...
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BONE STRUCTURE & GROWTH
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Anatomy of a Long Bone
Epiphysis – ends Mostly spongy bone
Diaphysis – shaft Made of compact bone Center is medullary cavity Contains yellow bone
marrow (mostly fat) in adults, red marrow in children (makes blood cells).
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Bone Tissue – Compact Bone
Made of osteons Run parallel to bone
& support weight Center is Haversian
canal – carries blood vessels & nerves
Volkmann’s canal connects Haversian canals
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Bone Tissue – Compact Bone
Lacunae – cavities containing trapped bone cells (osteocytes)
Lamellae – rings around central canal, site of lamellae, reinforced with collagen
Canaliculi – tiny canals connecting lamellae
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Bone Tissue – Spongy Bone
Made of needle-like projections called trabeculae
Sandwiched between compact bone
Filled with red bone marrow in some bones
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Types of Bone Cells
Osteoblasts – Bone forming cells
Osteocytes – Trapped osteoblasts
Osteoclasts – Bone destroying cells, secrete digestive enzymes for remodeling or calcium needs.
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Bone Formation (Ossification)
1. Chondrocytes produce cartilage.
2. Osteoblasts cover cartilage with bone matrix.
3. Cartilage is digested away, opening medullary cavity
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Bone Growth
Many bones fuse as we age, replacing cartilage with bone
In long bones, the remaining cartilage is the epiphyseal plate
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Bone Remodeling
Bones grow or are remodeled in response to forces acting upon them.
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Bone Repair
1. Broken blood vessels form clot (hematoma)
2. Living splint made of collagen & cartilage forms (fibrocartilaginous callus)
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Bone Repair
3. Osteoblasts form bony callus of spongy bone
4. Osteoclasts remodel to make permanent patch