bone fractures - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · fractures...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BONE FRACTURES
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=NUR1303
![Page 2: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES
• Closed – no penetration through skina. Complete – bones broken into 2 or more
piecesb. Incomplete – bone cracked or partially
broken
c. Greenstick – bones bent (common in child)
• Open – compound; bone penetrates the skin
![Page 3: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
COMPLETE FRACTURES
• 1. Comminuted –bone breaks into many fragments
• Common in elderly due to brittle bones
![Page 4: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COMPLETE FRACTURES
• 2. Compression or impacted – two bones are forced against each other
• Common in the vertebrae
• Common in elderly
![Page 5: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
COMPLETE FRACTURES
• 3. Transverse –break is straight across the bone
![Page 6: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
COMPLETE FRACTURES
• 4. Spiral – when the break travels around the bone
![Page 7: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
COMPLETE FRACTURE
• 5. Oblique – break is diagonally across the bone
![Page 8: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GREENSTICK FRACTURE
![Page 9: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
COMPOUND FRACTURE
• More complications due to penetration of the skin
• Can lead to a bone infection or osteomyelitis
• Requires antibiotics
![Page 10: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REPAIR OF FRACTUREFigure 5.5 pg. 120
• Reduction – realignment of bones
– Closed – manually forced back into position
– Open – surgically; requires use of pins, rods or plates
![Page 11: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. Hematoma formation – blood vessels break causing a blood filled swelling; protein called fibrinogen in bloods forms mesh netting over injury
2. Fibrocartilage callus formation – new capillaries form in clot; blood tissue is replaced by cartilage- callus forms around the break & serves as a splint
3. Bony callus formation – osteoblast lay down mineral salts while osteoclasts digest cartilage callus; osteoblast become trapped in bone matrix and develop into osteocytes.
4. Bony callus is remodeled making it stronger –osteoclast digest excess bone matrix until bone returns to its normal shape
![Page 12: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: BONE FRACTURES - home.mca.k12.pa.ushome.mca.k12.pa.us/~farronatoa/bonefractures.pdf · FRACTURES • Closed – no penetration through skin a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051603/5ff32bac8d91541b671d203f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)