BOH4M

Personality

What is Personality?

• It includes a characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

• Embraces moods, attitudes, and opinions and is most clearly expressed in interactions with other people

• It includes behavioral characteristics, both inherent and acquired, that distinguish one person from another and that can be observed in people's relations to their environment.

What Makes Up Personality?

• Inherent Characteristics

• Acquired Characteristics

Inherent Characteristics

• Each one of us is born with inherent personality characteristics - traits, meaning our biological genetic coding

• Determines the way our brain develops and how our personality expresses itself

Acquired Characteristics

• Learned parts of personality are called characteristics. Characteristics are the behavioral patterns that we develop as a result of what we have learned.

• They are the distinguishing qualities that differentiate us from others

• Are responsible for the formation of habits, comfort zones, quirks, and other behavioral patterns.

Theories of Personality

• Trait Approach– “Great leaders are born”

• Behaviour Approach– “Great leaders are made”

Trait Approach

• Assumes that certain physical, social, and personal characteristics are inherent in leaders.

• Sets of traits and characteristics were identified to assist in selecting the right people to become leaders.

• Physical traits include young to middle-aged, energetic, tall, and handsome.

• Social background traits include being educated at the "right" schools or upwardly mobile.

Trait Approach

• Social characteristics include being charismatic, charming, tactful, popular, cooperative, and diplomatic.

• Personality traits include being self-confident, adaptable, assertive, and emotionally stable

• Task-related characteristics include being driven to excel, accepting of responsibility, having initiative, and being results-oriented.

Behavioural Theorists

• Identified determinants of leadership so that people could be trained to be leaders

• Developed training programs to change managers' leadership behaviors and assumed that the best styles of leadership could be learned

• For example: theory Y versus theory X including situational management

What do you see?

What do you see?

What do you see?

Perception

• Is the process which people receive and interpret information from the environment.

• Perceptions are influenced by values, cultural background and other circumstances of the moment and can lead to distortion.

Perceptual Distortions

• Stereotypes – places attributes commonly associated to a specific group to a specific individual

• Halo Effect – when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation

• Selective perception – to define problems from only your point of view

• Projections – assuming your desires are also the desires of someone else