body structure
DESCRIPTION
Body Structure. Medical Terminology Chapter 5. Student Objectives. Define the levels of organization in the human body. Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology. Identify four body planes. Relate organs to each body cavity. Student Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Body Structure
Medical Terminology
Chapter 5
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Student Objectives
Define the levels of organization in the human body.
Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology.
Identify four body planes. Relate organs to each body cavity.
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Student Objectives
Describe the four quadrants Describe radiology, computed
tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography.
Apply directional terms. Identify combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes related to body structure.
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Student Objectives
Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms related to body structure.
Identify diagnostic procedures related to body structure.
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Student Objectives
Identify surgical and therapeutic procedures related to body structure.
Define the abbreviations related to body structure.
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Levels of Organization Cells, Cytology Tissues, Histology
– epithelial
– connective
– muscle
– nervous Organs Systems Organism
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Disease Process Disease, morbid signs, objective symptoms, subjective homeostasis pathology etilogy diagnosis, prognosis idiopathic
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Body Planes
Imaginary horizontal and vertical lines
Easier to describe location of organ or problem
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Midline (midsagittal) Plane
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Coronal Plane
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Transverse Plane
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Ventral and Dorsal
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Ventral Cavity
contains body organs that maintain homeostasis
thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity
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Dorsal
cranial cavity spinal cavity
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Divisions of the Abdomen
right upper quadrant RRQ left upper quadrant LUQ right lower quadrant RLQ left lower quadrant LLQ
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Diagnostic Imaging
Radiography (x-ray) Computed Tomography (CT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasonography
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The Spine
Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (lower back) Coccyx (tailbone)
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Body Directions
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Superficial and Deep
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Abduction and Adduction
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Lateral and Medial
Lateral
Bilateral
Medial
toward the side or away from the midline
having two sides or both sides
middle or towards the midline
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Superior and Inferior
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Proximal and Distal
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Anterior and Posterior
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Parietal and Visceral
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Prone and Supine Inversion and Eversion Palmar and Plantar
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Combining Forms Denoting...
Cellular Structure Anatomical Directions Regions of the Body Colors Body Structure
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Suffixes - Review
-genesis -gnosis -gram -graph -graphy -pathy
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Prefixes - Review
Ab- ad- all- infra- peri- super- trans- ultra-
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Diagnostic, Symptomatic and Therapeutic Terms Ablation adhesion dehiscence nuclear medicine polyp radiopharmaceutical sepsis suppurative
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Diagnostic Procedures
Digital radiography fluoroscopy magnetic resonance angiography magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography sonography stereoradiography
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Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures Anastomosis biopsy cauterize curettage frozen section incision and drainage laser surgery ligation resection radical dissection
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Abbreviations
AP CNS CT scan, CAT scan CV Dx GI GU
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Abbreviations GU I & D LAT LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ MRI MS PA sono U/L
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End Chapter Five
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Peritoneum
parietal visceral mesentery retroperitoneal peritonitis
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Genetic Disorder / Hereditary Disorder
Any disease or condition caused by defective genes.
cystic fibrosis
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
hemophilia
muscular dystrophy
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Congenital disorder
Is present at birth or existing at the time of birth. Gene abnormalities account for about 5 percent of congenital heart disease.
fetal alcohol syndrome
congenital anomaly
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Histology
Epithelial– epithelium - external surfaces - epi– endothelium - internal surfaces -
endo Connective
– bones and cartilage– adipose
Nervous
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- plasia
aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue hypoplasia-incomplete development hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number of
normal cells in normal tissue arrangement dysplasia-abnormal development or growth anaplasia - change in structure of cells and in
their orientation to each other--characteristic of malignancy
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Neoplasm (tumor)
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not
malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-
threatening
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.
ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not
malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-
threatening
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Glands
Exocrine Endocrine
endo -inside
crine - to secrete
exo - out of
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Pathology and Procedures
adenosis adenitis adenomalacia adenosclerosis adenoma adenectomy