body mechanics and rom management
TRANSCRIPT
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Body Mechanics
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balance
Controlled by the nervous system, specifically
by the cerebellum and the inner ear.
A normal state of physiologic equilibrium
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base of support
Foundation which an object is in rest.
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body alignment
A geometric arrangement of body parts in
relation to each other.
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body mechanics
Coordinates effort of the musculoskeletal and
nervous system to maintain proper balance,
posture and body alignment.
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center of gravity
The point of which all the mass of an object is
the center.
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force
Any influence that causes a free body to
undergo acceleration.
Described as a push or pull that can cause anobject with mass to change its velocity.
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friction
A force that occurs in the direction opposing
the move.
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fulcrum
A fixed point about which the lever moves.
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inertia
The tendency of an object at rest to remain at
rest and an object in motion to remain in
motion.
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leverage
A mechanical advantage or use of a lever to
increase lifting power or to make lifting easier.
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line of gravity
An imaginary vertical line drawn through an
object center of gravity.
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posture
The bearing and position of the body and the
relative arrangements of the various parts of
the body.
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stance
Style of standing, positioning for a strike.
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weight
Force on the object due to gravity.
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Principles of Body Mechanics
Anatomy and Physiology
- Involves the structure, exercise and functions of the
different systems of the body.
Chemistry
- Proper body mechanics affects the different chemical
processes in the body such as activity of muscles and
promotion of good circulation of the blood.
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Physics
- Body mechanics involves force and movement. Anunderstanding of the correct application on physics is
essential in maintain proper body mechanics.
Psychology
- Different body movements such as stance and posture
can provide a better understanding of the person or
the clients feelings, values and attitudes.
Time & Energy- Observing proper body mechanics conserves time and
energy.
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Importance of Body Mechanics
Avoid excessive fatigue, muscle pain, strains or tears, skeletal
injuries, and injury to the patient and staff members.
Improves body alignment, posture and mobility.
Maintains body balance and stability.
Promotes good blood circulation.
Improves physical appearance.
Enables us to use energy sufficiently.
Increases level of independence in completing activities.
Increases joint flexibility.
Avoids skin breakdown, reduction of skin turgor.
Relieves stress and anxiety and elevates mood.
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Elements of Body Mechanics
Body Alignment
- One of the most important elements of body
mechanics. The spine is the foundation for a proper
body alignment. The spine consists of bones and
vertebrae that connect with each other and with
other ligaments and muscles and it has an S-shaped
curve. To maintain the proper body alignment, it is
important to maintain that curve. This reduces
muscle tension and gives more stability. If all of these
principles are met, good body mechanics can be
achieved.
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Body Balance
- It is important to maintain the stable center ofgravity and a wide support base in order to observe
proper body mechanics and maintain balance.
Coordinated Body Movement
- Body mechanics involves the integrated functioning
of the musculoskeletal and nervous system.
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Factors Affecting Body Mechanics
Physical Health
- Includes neuromuscular and skeletal impairments
Nutrition
- Includes diet and the weight of the person.
Lifestyle
- Includes work and daily activities, kind of clothes worn, and
the level of stress a person lives.
Attitude and Values
Mental Health
- Emotions and level of understanding of a person.
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Guidelines of Body Mechanics
Balance is maintained and muscle strain is avoided as
long as the line of gravity passes through the base of
support.
The wider the base of support and the lower the
center of gravity, the greater the stability.
Balance is maintained with minimal effort when the
base of support is enlarged in the direction in which
the movements will occur
The greater the construction of muscle before
moving an object, the less the energy are required to
move it and the lesser the risk of injury
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Changes in activity and position help to maintain
muscle tone and avoid fatigue
Using ones own weight to counter act the patient
weight requires less energy movement
Friction between an object and the surface upon
which the object is moved affect the amount of work
needed to move the object.
It is easier to pull, push, or roll an object than it is to
lift it.
Movements should be smooth and coordinatedrather than jerky.
Less energy or force is required to keep an object
moving than it is to start and stop it.
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Use the arm and leg muscles as much as possible,
the back muscles as little as possible. Keep the work as close as possible to your body. It
puts less of a strain on your back, legs, and arms.
Rock backward or forward on your feet to use your
body weight as a pushing or pulling force.
Keep the work at a comfortable height to avoid
excessive bending at the waist.
Keep your body in good physical condition to reduce
the chance of injury.
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Demonstrating Beginning Skills
Proper Standing
Proper Sitting
Proper Pushing and Pulling
Proper Walking
Proper Lifting (light object)
Proper Lifting (heavy object)
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1. Proper Standing
- Head to erect and midline
- Posterior shoulder and hips are parallel and
straight- Abdomen is trucked in and knees and ankle are
slightly apart to achieve base support
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2. Proper Sitting
- Start from proper standing position, sit back,
and feel the chair
- Head erect, vertebral column are straight- Maintain 1-2 inches space or posterior surface
and the knee
- Body weight is evenly distributed on buttocksan thigh
- Both feet are supported on the floor
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3. Proper Pushing and Pulling
- Begin with proper standing position
- Widen base of support by steeping on foot
forward and backward
- Slightly flex both knees, allowing center level withobjects
- Maintain body alignment
- Hold object tightly- Use weight of your body in rocking backward and
forward
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4. Proper Walking
- Begin with proper standing position
- Strike heel to the ground
- Push off the ball and the extended toes- Flex hip joints and lift toes from ground
- Swing arms along with opposite leg movement
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5. Proper Lifting (Light object)
- Come closer to the object to be moved after
assessing the four lifting measures
- Lower your center of gravity to the object to belifted, enlarge the base of support
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6. Proper Lifting (Heavy object)
- Keep load closer to your body, hug the object
closer as u gradually straighten to a standing
position
- Hold load at waist level
- Use safe techniques when you set your load
down
- Bend your knees for low level work