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BODY FLUIDS AND

ELECTROLYTES

Agaton T Panopio Jr MD, MHPEd

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Water Content & Distribution

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Total BodyW

aterYoung men

55-60% of total body weight

Young women

45-50% of total body weight

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Total BodyW

aterDistribution

50% - muscle

20% - skin

20% - other organs

10% - blood

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Total BodyW

aterBody Fluid Compartments

Intracellular

40% of total body weight

Extracellular

20% of total body weightTranscellular

1.5% of total body weight

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Extracellular FluidIntravascular

25% of the ECF

8% of total body weight

Interstitial

75% of the ECF

15% of total body weightLymph

2-3% of total body weight

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Electrolyte CompositionCations

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Electrolyte CompositionAnions

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Fluid ExchangeBetween Plasma and Interstitial Fluid

Starlings forces

Osmotic pressure

in the capillaries and tissues

Hydrostatic pressurein the capillaries and tissues

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Fluid ExchangeBetween Interstitial and Intracellular

Compartments

Solute movement

Passive transport

Active transport

Transport in bulk

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Water Balance

Water Input

Solid and semi-solid food - 1200 ml

Oxidation of food - 300 ml

Drinks - 1000 ml

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Water Balance

Water Output

Kidneys (Urine) - 1500 ml

Skin

(insensible loss & sweat) - 500 ml

Lungs (Expired air) - 350 mlGIT (Feces) - 150 ml

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Water Balance

Control

Volume Regulation

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone

Mechanism

Atrial Natriuretic Factor Mechanism

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Water Balance

Control

Osmolar Regulation

Anti-Diuretic Hormone Mechanism

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Alterations of Fluid &

Electrolyte BalanceExcessive Intake ofWater

Excessive ingestion

Decreased loss

Administration of ADH

Excessive Loss ofW

aterExcessive loss

Decreased intake

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Alterations of Fluid and

Electrolyte BalanceExcessive Intake of Solute

Excessive ingestion

Excessive Loss of Solute

Reduced intake

Adrenocortical deficiencyExcessive administration of IV fluids

without sodium

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Alterations of Fluid and

Electrolyte BalanceIsotonic Fluid Loss

Hemorrhage

Burns

Mild losses from the GIT

Isotonic Fluid GainAdministration of isotonic IV fluids

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Thank you!Thank you!