boards and beyond: topic index topic: video [section]€¦ · 5 boards and beyond: topic index...

1

Boards and Beyond: Topic Index


Topic: Video [Section]

A A-a gradient: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

A band: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

ABC enzymes: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

abciximab: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

abdominal aorta: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

abdominal aortic aneurysms: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

abdominal pain

acute abdomen: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

adrenal disorders: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

appendicitis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

bacterial infection: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

bowel obstruction: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Budd Chiari syndrome: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

carcinoid syndrome and: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

cholangitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

diabetic ketoacidosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

ectopic pregnancy: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

gastrinoma: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

gout drugs: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

helminth infection: Helminths [Infection Disease]

hemoglobinuria: Complement System [Immunology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

hemolytic syndromes: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

hypercalcemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]

hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

inflammatory bowel disease: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

irritable bowel syndrome: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

lactose intolerance: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

lead poisoning: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

leukemia and: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

liver cancer: Liver Cancer [Gastroenterology]

mesenteric ischemia: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

myasthenia gravis and: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

myocardial infarction: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

pancreatitis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer

[Gastroenterology] porphyrias and: Porphyrias [Hematology]

portal vein thrombosis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

toxic megacolon: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

Whipple’s disease symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

2


yolk sac tumor: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

abdominal perforation: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Special

Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

abdominal wall

defects: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]. See also hernias

abducens nerve (CN VI): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Eye Movements [Neurology];

Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

abductor digiti minimi muscle: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

abductor pollicis brevis muscle: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

abetalipoproteinemia: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ABO blood classification: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]

abortion

guidelines for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

medical: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

for minors: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

spontaneous: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

abruptio placenta. See placental abruption

abscesses

abdominal: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Special Growth

Requirements [Infectious Disease]

brain: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

crypt: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

diverticulitis complication: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

head and neck: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

liquefactive necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]

liver: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

lung: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[Infectious Disease] pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

retropharyngeal: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

skin: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Skin

Disorders I [Dermatology]; Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

tonsil: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

absence seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

absorption

of bile acids and salts: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

of carbohydrates: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

of drugs: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

of lipids: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

renal: Electrolytes [Renal]; Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

of vitamins: Folate and B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

abuse. See also alcohol use and abuse; substance abuse

child abuse and neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

dissociative identity disorder and: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

elderly: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

guidelines and regulations for reporting: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

of laxatives: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

spousal: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

ABVD protocol for Hodgkin lymphoma: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

acalculous cholecystitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

acamprosate: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

acanthocytosis: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

3


acantholysis: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

acanthosis: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

acanthosis nigricans: Skin [Dermatology]

gastric carcinoma finding: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

insulin resistance and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

polycystic ovarian syndrome and: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

acarbose: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

accessory nerve (CN XI): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

accommodation reflex: The Lens [Neurology]; The Pupil [Neurology]

accuracy (validity): Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

acebutolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]; Stable Angina

[Cardiology] ACE inhibitors

action of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]; Physiology

II [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

contraindications: Complement System [Immunology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

diabetic proteinuria treatment: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

drug interactions: Lithium [Psychiatry]

for heart failure: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

quality measurements: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

for scleroderma renal crisis: Scleroderma [Immunology]

side effects: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

for systolic heart failure treatment: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

acetaldehyde: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

acetaminophen

G6PD deficiency and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

metabolism of: Free Radicals [Pathology]

overdose: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

uses: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

acetate: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

acetazolamide

action of: Diuretics [Renal]

for glaucoma: Glaucoma [Neurology]

for high altitude respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

for non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

for pseudotumor cerebri: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

acetic acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

acetoacetate: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

[Biochemistry] acetylation: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

acetylcholine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

action in GI tract: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

action in nervous system: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders

[Musculoskeletal]; Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

action in pancreas: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

for angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

acetylcholine agonists: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

acetylcholine antagonists: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

acetylcholine esterase (AChE): Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers

[Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

acetylcholine muscarinic receptor blockade: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

acetylcholine muscarinic receptors: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

4


acetyl-CoA

alcohol and: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

during exercise: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

fatty acid metabolism: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

during fed state: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

ketones and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

N-acetylglutamate synthesis: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

pyruvate and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

TCA cycle and: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

acetyl-CoA carboxylase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

achalasia: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

Achilles reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

achlorhydria: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

achondroplasia: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

acid-base regulation

acid excretion: Acid Excretion [Renal]

equilibrium: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

metabolic acidosis: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

principles: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

renal tubular acidosis: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

respiratory acid-base disorders: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

acid dissociation constant: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

acidemias: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

acid excretion: Acid Excretion [Renal]

acid-fast organisms: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis

[Pulmonary] acidic amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

acidosis

acid-base principles: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

defined: Acid Excretion [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

inborn errors of metabolism and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

osteoclast activity and: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

symptoms: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

acid production and secretion

acid rebound: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

burn patients and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastritis and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

protection from: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

regulation of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

acid sphingomyelinase (ASM): Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

acinar cells: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

acinus: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

acne: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

androgens and: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

description: Skin [Dermatology]


treatment: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Skin Disorders I

[Dermatology] AComm aneurysm: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

aconitase: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

acoustic neuromas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Neurocutaneous

Disorders [Dermatology]

5


acquired diabetes insipidus: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). See HIV/AIDs

acquired long Qt syndrome: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

acquired methemoglobinemia: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

acquired nevi: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

acrodermatitis enteropathica: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

acromegaly: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Wrist

[Musculoskeletal] actin: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

actin filaments: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

acting out: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

actinic keratosis: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

Actinomyces spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

description: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

growth requirements: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

actinomycin D: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]; Transcription [Cell Biology]

action potentials

cardiac: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Cardiac Muscle

[Musculoskeletal] neurons: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

skeletal muscle: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

smooth muscle: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

activated charcoal: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

activated clotting factor: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

activated protein C (APC): Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

acute abdomen: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

acute cholestatic hepatitis: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

acute coronary syndromes: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Cardiac Ischemia

[Cardiology] acute heart failure: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

causes of: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

chronic, comparison to: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

course of: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

heart sounds and: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

inferior infarction and: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]

readmissions after: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

treatment: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR): Blood Groups [Hematology]

acute intermittent porphyria: Porphyrias [Hematology]

acute interstitial nephritis

description: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

drug-induced: Diuretics [Renal]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

acute leukemia: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

blast crisis: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

description: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

Down syndrome association: Down syndrome [Genetics]

acute myelogenous leukemia: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

blast crisis: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

acute myeloid leukemia

description: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

6



from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

polycythemia vera complication: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

acute myocardial infarction

aspirin therapy for: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

endocarditis and: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

treatment: Coagulation [Hematology]

acute pancreatitis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Liver,

Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Necrosis [Pathology]

acute-phase reactants: Inflammation [Pathology]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

acute promyelocytic leukemia: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

acute pulmonary edema: Opioids [Psychiatry]

acute pyelonephritis: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

acute regurgitation: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

acute renal failure: Renal Failure [Renal]

hemolytic uremic syndrome: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

hyperkalemia: Electrolytes [Renal]

hypocalcemia: Electrolytes [Renal]

tumor lysis syndrome and: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

acute renal injury: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

pneumonia complication: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

acute respiratory failure: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

acute stress disorder: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

acute transplant rejection: Transplants [Immunology]

acute tubular necrosis: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

acute vessel closure (STEMI): Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

acute viral hepatitis: Other Anemias [Hematology]

acyclovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Meningitis [Neurology]

acylcarnitine: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism

[Biochemistry] acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT): Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

adalimumab: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology];

Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

adaptive immunity: B-Cells [Immunology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]; Lymph Nodes & Spleen

[Immunology]; T-cells [Immunology]

Addison’s disease: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]; Parathyroid Glands

[Endocrinology] adductor brevis muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

adductor longus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

adductor magnus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral

Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

adenine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT): Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

adenocarcinomas

anal: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

bladder: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

breast: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

celiac sprue complication: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

defined: Neoplasia [Pathology]

esophagus: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gallbladder: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

7


gastric: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Skin [Dermatology];

Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

inflammatory bowel disease risk: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

lungs: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

myopathy association: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

prostate: Prostate [Reproductive]

ulcers and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

vaginal: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

adenomas

adrenal: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

benign: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]; Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

breast: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

colon: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]


hepatic: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

ovarian: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

parathyroid: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]; Parathyroid Glands

[Endocrinology] pituitary gland: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Brain Tumors [Neurology]; MEN Syndromes

[Endocrinology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

salivary: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

thyroid: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

toxic: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

adenomatous polyp: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

adenomyosis: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

adenosine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Stimulants

[Psychiatry] for AVNRT: AVNRT [Cardiology]

chemical stress tests and: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

smooth muscle contraction and: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

adenosine deaminase deficiency: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

adenosine diphosphate (ADP): Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]; TCA Cycle

[Biochemistry] adenosine monophosphate (AMP): Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Glycogen

[Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

apoptosis and: Apoptosis [Pathology]

depletion: Cell Injury [Pathology]

exercise and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

glycogen metabolism regulation: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

TCA cycle inhibition: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

tyrosine metabolism: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

urea cycle: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

adenosis

sclerosing adenosis: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]; Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

vaginal: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

adenovirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cardiomyopathy and: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

eye infections and: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

intussusception and: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

adenylate cyclase: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

8


adenylyl cyclase: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Glycogen

[Biochemistry] ADHD: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

adherens junctions (belt desmosomes or zonula adherens): Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

adhesions: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Adie’s tonic pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]

adiponectin: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

adipose tissue


during fasting/starvation: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

glucose metabolism and: Glucose [Biochemistry]

adnexal mass: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

adrenal crisis: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

adrenal failure: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

adrenal glands: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

adenomas: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

development: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

endoplasmic reticulum of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

hormones: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

metastases: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

pantothenic acid deficiencies and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

tumors: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

adrenal insufficiency: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

ADH levels: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

AIRE (autoimmune regulator) genes and: T-cells [Immunology]

cortisol levels and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

diagnostic tests: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

glucocorticoid complication: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

adrenergic drugs: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

adrenergic synapses: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]; Stimulants

[Psychiatry] adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)


excess of: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

signaling pathway of: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

adrenoleukodystrophy: Transplants [Immunology]

adult stem cells: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

advanced care planning: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

advance directives: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

adventitia: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

adverse events: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

adverse response: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

aerobic metabolism: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

aerotolerant anaerobes: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

afferent arterioles: Physiology I [Renal]

Affordable Care Act (2010): Public Health [Behavioral Science]

aflatoxin: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

African sleeping sickness: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

afterload

maneuvers for diagnosing murmurs and: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

physiology: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

pressure volume loops and: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

response to exercise: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

9


Starling curves: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

age and aging

Alzheimer’s disease risk factor: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

aneurysm association: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

bone mass and: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

cataract risk factor: The Lens [Neurology]

glomerular filtration rate relationship: Physiology II [Renal]

lung compliance with: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

skin disorders of: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

wrinkles: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

agenesis: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

age-related (senile) amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

aggression: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

agnosia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic

[Neurology] agonists potency: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

agoraphobia: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

agranulocytosis: Seizures [Neurology]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

AIDS. See HIV/AIDs

AIRE (autoimmune regulator) genes: T-cells [Immunology]

akathisia

drug-induced: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Gastrointestinal

Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

akinesia: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders

alanine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

gluconeogenesis and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

levels with PDH complex deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

penicillins and: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

phenylalanine and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

alanine aminotransferase (ALT): Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis

[Infectious Disease] alanine cycle: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry];

Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

alanine transaminase (ALT): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

alar plates: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

albendazole: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Albers-Schönberg disease: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

albinism (oculocutaneous albinism): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

[Biochemistry]; Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

albumin

anion gap and: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

bilirubin and: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

fatty acid metabolism and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

insulin and: Insulin [Endocrinology]

as liver marker: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

as negative acute-phase reactant: Inflammation [Pathology]

progesterone and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

proteinuria: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

sulfonamides and: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

albuterol: Electrolytes [Renal]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

alcohol dehydrogenase: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

10


alcoholic cirrhosis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

alcoholic hepatitis: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

alcoholic liver disease: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

alcohol poisoning: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

alcohol use and abuse: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

anemia association: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]

antibiotic precautions: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

avascular necrosis: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

bacterial infections: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

cardiomyopathy: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]


delirium: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

electrolytes and: Electrolytes [Renal]

esophageal disorder association: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastric disorder association: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gout: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

maternal-fetal disorders: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]. See also fetal alcohol syndrome

metabolism: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Ketone Bodies

[Biochemistry] mineral deficiencies and: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

as neurotoxin: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

osteoporosis: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

pancreatitis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer

[Gastroenterology] pathophysiology: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

porphyria trigger: Porphyrias [Hematology]

rosacea: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

sleep cycle effects: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

therapy for: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

for tremors: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

vitamin deficiencies: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Cognitive

Disorders [Psychiatry]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

withdrawal: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]

aldesleukin (interleukin-2): Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

aldolase: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Muscular

Dystrophy [Genetics]

aldose reductase: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; The Lens [Neurology]

aldosterone

acidosis: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]


alkalosis: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]


hypertension and: Secondary Hypertension [Renal]

physiology: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]; Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal];

Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

salivary glands and: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

aldosterone antagonists: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

aldosterone escape: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

alendronate: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

alirocumab: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

11


aliskiren: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

alkalemia: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

alkaline phosphatase

cholestasis and levels of: Bile [Gastroenterology]

liver marker: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

osteoblasts and: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

Paget’s disease and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

primary biliary cirrhosis diagnosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

alkaline tide: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

alkaloids: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

alkalosis. See also metabolic alkalosis; respiratory alkalosis

acid-base disorder compensation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

defined: Acid Excretion [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

hypokalemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]

symptoms: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

alkaptonuria: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

alkylating agents: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Teratogens I

[Reproductive] allantoic duct: Placenta [Reproductive]

allantois: Placenta [Reproductive]

alleles: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

allergens: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Opportunistic Fungal

Infections [Infectious Disease]

allergic conjunctivitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

allergic disease: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

allergic reactions

antibody mediation of: B-Cells [Immunology]

as hypersensitivity subtype: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

allergic rhinitis: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

allograft: Transplants [Immunology]

allopurinol

action of: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

for gout: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

precautions: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

alogia: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

alopecia: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

alpha level (hypothesis testing): Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

α-1,4 glucosidase (lysosomes): Glycogen [Biochemistry]

α1-antitrypsin deficiency

genetic principles: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

liver: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

lungs: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

α1-blockers: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine

[Neurology]; Prostate [Reproductive]

α1-receptor blockade: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

α2-agonists: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

ADHD treatment: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

glaucoma treatment: Glaucoma [Neurology]

Tourette syndrome treatment: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

α2-antiplasmin: Coagulation [Hematology]

α2-blockers: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

α-agonists: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

12


α-amanitin: Transcription [Cell Biology]

α-amylase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

α-blockers: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Penile

Disorders [Reproductive]

α-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

α-fetoprotein (AFP)

ataxia telangiectasia feature: Cerebellum [Neurology]

Down syndrome diagnosis: Down syndrome [Genetics]

embryology: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

tumors and: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular

Tumors [Reproductive]

α-galactosidase A: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

α-globin: Thalassemias [Hematology]

α-glucosidases: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

α-granules: Platelet Activation [Hematology]

α-hemolysis pattern: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

α-ketoacid dehydrogenase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Other

Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

α-ketoglutarate

hyperammonemia and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

pyridoxal phosphate and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

TCA cycle and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

α-methyldopa: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

α-thalassemia: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

α-toxin: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Alport syndrome: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]; Nephritic Syndrome

[Renal] alprazolam: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

alprostadil: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Shunts [Cardiology]

alternative hypothesis (H1): Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

alternative pathway (complement system): Complement System [Immunology]

alternative treatments: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

altruism: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

aluminum hydroxide: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

aluminum toxicity: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

alveolar gas equation: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

alveolarization: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

alveolar period (lungs): Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

alveolar pressure: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

alveolar ventilation: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

alveolar vessels: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

alveoli: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Anatomy

[Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

Alzheimer’s disease

acetylcholine levels: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

amyloid deposits: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

dementia cause: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]


Amanita phalloides: Transcription [Cell Biology]

amaurosis fugax: Visual Fields [Neurology]

ambiguous genitalia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual Development

[Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

13


amebiasis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

amenorrhea: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

anorexia nervosa association: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

disorders of sexual development and: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

drug-induced: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]; Male Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology] hypogonadism and: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

Turner syndrome association: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

amides: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

amifostine: DNA drugs [Hematology]

amikacin: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

amiloride: Diuretics [Renal]; Lithium [Psychiatry]

amino acids

cholecystokinin regulation by: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]



insulin release and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

ketogenic: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

metabolism: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

purine synthesis: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

pyrimidine synthesis and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

sickle cell anemia and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

transcription: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

translation and: Translation [Cell Biology]

types of: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

[Biochemistry] aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: Translation [Cell Biology]

aminocaproic acid: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

aminoglycosides: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

action of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]

drug synergy: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

resistance: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

side effects: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

synergistic effects: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

aminopenicillins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

amiodarone

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

for cardioversion: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

photosensitivity and: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

side effects of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

thyroid disorders and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

toxicity: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

amitriptyline: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

amlodipine: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

ammonia: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

cirrhosis and: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

pKa value of: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

pyrimidine metabolic disorders and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

titratable: Acid Excretion [Renal]

urea cycle and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ammonia chloride: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

ammonium detoxicants: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

ammonium-magnesium-phosphate stones: Kidney Stones [Renal]. See also kidney stones

14


amnesia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic

[Neurology] amnion: Placenta [Reproductive]

amniotic band syndrome: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

amniotic fluid: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

amniotic fluid embolism: Placental Complications [Reproductive]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]; Pulmonary

Embolism [Pulmonary]

amoxicillin: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

COPD: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

endocarditis prophylaxis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

herpes virus: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

H. pylori infections: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Pasteurella infections: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

pharyngitis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

S. aureus infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

amphetamines

action of: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

elimination: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

intoxication: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

narcolepsy treatment: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

tactile hallucinations with: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

amphotericin B

action of: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

CNS infections: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

opportunist infections: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

pneumonia: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

protozoa infections: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

systemic infections: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ampicillin

action of: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

cholangitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

endometritis: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

group B strep prophylaxis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

meningitis treatment: Meningitis [Neurology]

Pasteurella spp.: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

ampulla of Vater: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

amygdala: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

amylase: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

amylin analogs: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

amylin deposits: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

amyl nitrate: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

amyl nitrite: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

amyloid deposits: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Cancer

[Endocrinology] amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

bronchiectasis association: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

chronic inflammation and: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

nephrotic syndrome association: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

restrictive cardiomyopathy and: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

rheumatoid arthritis complication: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

amyloid precursor protein (APP): Down syndrome [Genetics]

15


amyloid transthyretin (ATTR): Amyloidosis [Hematology]

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]; Restrictive Lung Disease

[Pulmonary]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

anabolic steroids

adverse effects: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

liver tumors and: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

anaerobic bacteria: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

acne and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease];

ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

aspiration pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

gram positive bacteria: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


lung abscesses: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

necrotizing fasciitis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


sialadenitis: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

anaerobic exercise: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

anaerobic metabolism: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

cyanide poisoning: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

glucose: Glucose [Biochemistry]

glycolysis and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

of lens: The Lens [Neurology]

anaerobic protozoa: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

anal canal: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

anal cancer: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

anaphase (mitosis): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

anaphylatoxin: Complement System [Immunology]

anaphylaxis

with blood transfusions: Blood Groups [Hematology]

cephalosporin reaction: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

penicillin reaction: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

shock with: B-Cells [Immunology]

sulfonamide reaction: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

systemic type I hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

urticaria: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

anaplasia tumors: Neoplasia [Pathology]

anaplasmosis: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

anaplastic carcinoma: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

anastrozole: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

anatomic dead space: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

anatomic shunting: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

anatomic snuff box: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) diseases: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

Ancylostoma duodenale: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

androblastoma: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

androgen-binding protein (ABP): Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

androgens: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology];

Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

acne: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

adrenal glands and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]; Congenital

Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

prostate stimulation: Prostate [Reproductive]

16


Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

sexual development: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

anemias: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology].

See also specific anemias

amphotericin B side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

anorexia nervosa and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

chloramphenicol side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

disseminated intravascular coagulation and. See disseminated intravascular coagulation

erythrocyte sedimentation rate and: Inflammation [Pathology]

helminth infections: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

hypoxic encephalopathy cause: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

immunosuppressant complication: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

lupus and: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

lysosomal storage diseases and: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

malaria and: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

male hypogonadism and: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

multiple myeloma and: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

myelofibrosis and: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and: Complement System [Immunology]

renal failure complication: Renal Failure [Renal]

restrictive lung disease: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

viscosity and: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

anencephaly: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

anesthesia

cocaine effect: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

GABA receptor anesthetics: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

malignant hyperthermia: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]; Skeletal

Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

neuromuscular blockers: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

types of: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Local Anesthesia[Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers

[Neurology] aneuploidy: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Meiosis

[Genetics]; Placenta [Reproductive]

aneurysms

atherosclerosis complication: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

of central nervous system: CNS Aneurysms [Neurology]

cerebral: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

intracranial: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

ischemic complications: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

angel dust: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

Angelman syndrome: Imprinting [Genetics]

angina

aortic stenosis and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

blood flow mechanics: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

cardiac ischemia symptom: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

cardiac output and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

coronary steal and: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

partial agonist beta blocker and: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

revascularization indications: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

stable. See stable angina

unstable. See unstable angina

angiodysplasia: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

17


angioedema

allergic skin reaction: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

drug-induced: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Coagulation

[Hematology] pathophysiology: Complement System [Immunology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

angiofibromas: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

angiogenesis: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

angiokeratomas: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

angiosarcoma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). See ACE inhibitors: Coagulation [Hematology]

angiotensin II

action of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

heart failure and: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

renal artery stenosis and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]


subfornical organ (SFO) and: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

angiotensin II inhibitors: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs): Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

angle (glaucoma): Glaucoma [Neurology]

anhidrosis: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

aniline dyes: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

anion gap

acute tubular necrosis feature: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

ketoacidosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

lactic acidosis: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

mechanism: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

metabolic acidosis: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]. See also metabolic acidosis

methylmalonic acid acidemia: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]. See also non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

organic acidemias: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

aniridia: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

anisocoria: The Pupil [Neurology]

Anitschkow cells: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

ankylosing spondylitis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

Crohn’s disease and: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

risk factors: Transplants [Immunology]

secondary (AA) amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

ulcerative colitis finding: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

uveitis association: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

annular ligament: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

annular pancreas: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

annulus fibrosus: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

anogenital warts: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

anophthalmia: Trisomies [Genetics]

anopia: Visual Fields [Neurology]

anorexia nervosa: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

amenorrhea and: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


OCD association: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

anorgasmia: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

anosmia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Reproductive

Hormones [Endocrinology]

18


ANOVA (analysis of variance): Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

anovulatory cycle: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide): Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

antacids

antibiotic absorption affected by: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

hypophosphatemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]

metabolic alkalosis and: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

side effects: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

tetracycline absorption affected by: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

antagonist endothelin-1 receptors: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

antegrade amnesia: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

anterior cerebral artery (ACA): Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

anterior choroidal artery (ICA): Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

anterior circle of Willis: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): Knee [Musculoskeletal]

anterior digastric muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

anterior drawer sign: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

anterior horn: Spinal Cord [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

anterior longitudinal ligaments: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis): Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

cortisol regulation and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]


hormone signaling pathway: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

hypothalamus regulation of: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

thyroid hormone regulation: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

anterior-posterior development: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

anterior scalene muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

anterior spinal artery syndrome: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

anterior uveitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

anterograde amnesia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

anthracyclines: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

anthrax: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

antiarrhythmic drugs: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

acquired long Qt syndrome and: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

action of: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

cardioversion treatment: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

classes of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

f0r Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

hypothyroidism precaution: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

Torsade de Pointes and: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

use of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

anti-ß2 glycoprotein: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

antibiotic-associated colitis: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

antibiotics: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]. See also

specific antibiotics

absorption: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

acne treatment: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

antitumor: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

bacterial structure and: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

beta lactams: Beta Lactams [Infectious Disease]

COPD treatment: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

19


drug rash: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]



monitoring: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

prophylaxis for selective IgA deficiency: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

for protein synthesis inhibition: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]

resistance: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Other Antibiotics

[Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease];

Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

Shiga toxin treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

for Staph aureus infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

synergy treatments: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

as teratogens: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

vulvovaginitis and: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

antibodies

in breast milk: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

celiac sprue (celiac disease) association: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

classes of: B-Cells [Immunology]

complement system and: Complement System [Immunology]

detection of: Blotting [Cell Biology]; ELISA [Cell Biology]

flow cytometry and: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]

hemolysis and: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

light chains: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

staining: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]

synthesis of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

antibody blistering disorders: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Innate Immunity

[Immunology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

antibody testing: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

anti-cardiolipin: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

anti-centromere antibody (ACA): Scleroderma [Immunology]

anticholinergic effect: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

anticipation (genetic): Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

anti-citrulline antibodies: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

anticoagulant drugs: Anticoagulants [Hematology]; Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]; Osteoporosis

[Musculoskeletal] anticoagulation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

anticodon: Translation [Cell Biology]

anti-complement therapy: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

anticonvulsant drugs

bipolar disorder treatment: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

osteoporosis and: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP): Ammonia [Biochemistry]

anti-D (anti-Rh) antibodies: Blood Groups [Hematology]

antidepressants: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

for anxiety disorders: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

for mood disorders: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

priapism and: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

antidiabetic agents: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

anti-D immune globulin (“RhoGAM”): Blood Groups [Hematology]

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

action of: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

disorders of: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

20


plasma osmolality and: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

posterior pituitary gland and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

regulation of: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]



triggers for: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antagonist: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Sodium Disorders

[Renal] anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA): DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[Immunology] antiemetics: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

anti-endomysial antibodies: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

antifreeze ingestion: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

antigenic drifts/shifts: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

antigen-presenting cells (APCs): Innate Immunity [Immunology]; T-cells [Immunology]

antigens


detection of: ELISA [Cell Biology]

infection barrier: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

type I hypersensitivity and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

antiglobulin tests: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

anti-HAV IgG antibodies: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

anti-HAV IgM antibodies: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

antihistamine effect: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

antihistamines: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

anti-histone antibodies: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; DNA structure

[Biochemistry] antihypertensives: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

α-blockers: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]. See also α1-blockers; α2-agonists

angiotensin II inhibitors: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]. See also angiotensin II inhibitors

ß-blockers: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]. See also ß-blockers

calcium channel blockers: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]. See also calcium channels and blockers

diabetes and drug choice: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

diuretics: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]. See also diuretics

pregnancy and drug choice: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

renal failure and drug choice: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

side effects: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

systolic heart failure and drug choice: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

anti IgG antiserum: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

anti-malarial drugs: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

antimetabolites: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

antimicrobial stewardship: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

anti-mitochondrial antibodies: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

anti-mullerian hormone: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

anti-muscarinic drugs: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

antimycin A: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) diseases: Vasculitis [Immunology]

anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs)

with autoimmune hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]


primary biliary cirrhosis diagnosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

antioxidants: Free Radicals [Pathology]

antiphospholipid syndrome

21


lupus association: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

preeclampsia risk factor: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

spontaneous abortion risk factor: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

thrombosis risk: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

antiplatelet drugs: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

antipseudomonal penicillins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

antipsychotic drugs: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

anticholinergic side effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]


disruptive mood dysregulation disorder treatment: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

galactorrhea as side effect: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]


prolactin and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies: Transcription [Cell Biology]

anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

anti-Smith autoantibody: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]; Transcription [Cell Biology]

anti-smooth muscle autoantibody (ASMA): Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

antisocial personality disorder: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

anti-streptolysin O (ASO) antibodies: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

antithrombin deficiency: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

antithrombin III: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]

antithrombin III deficiency: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

antithrombotic drugs: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

anti-tissue transglutaminase: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

anti-TNF antibodies. See infliximab

anti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl-70) antibody: Scleroderma [Immunology]

antitumor antibiotics: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

anti-VEGF inhibitors: The Retina [Neurology]

anxiety

alcohol withdrawal: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]


bulimia nervosa association: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

bupropion side effect: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

cocaine intoxication: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

disorders: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

eating disorder association: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

ecstasy withdrawal: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

GABA levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]


illness anxiety disorder: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

LSD effect: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

major depressive disorder subtype: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

norepinephrine: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

serotonin levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

anxiety disorder: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

aorta: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

aortic aneurysm: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]

aortic arch

baroreceptors and: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

development: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

aortic bodies: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

aortic coarctation


22


murmur diagnosis and: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

aortic dissection: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

coarctation and: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

hoarseness and: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

Horner syndrome cause: The Pupil [Neurology]

hypertension and: Hypertension [Cardiology]

renal ischemia cause: Renal Anatomy [Renal]

syphilis and risk of: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

aorticopulmonary septum: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

aortic regurgitation


murmurs and: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

pathophysiology: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

pressure volume loop testing for: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

Swan-Ganz catheter and: Shock [Cardiology]

thoracic aortic aneurysms and: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

wall tension and: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

Wiggers diagram and: Wiggers Diagram [Cardiology]

aortic stenosis

atrial fibrillation and: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

concentric hypertrophy: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

dystrophic calcification as cause of: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

hemolysis with: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

Heyde’s syndrome and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]


pathophysiology: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]




aortic valve: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

aortitis

ankylosing spondylitis feature: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

aortic dissection and: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

syphilis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

apathy: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

APC mutation: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

“ape hand” (median nerve injury): Hand [Musculoskeletal]

apgar score: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

aphasia

cerebral cortex and: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

conversion disorder symptom: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

dementia feature: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

Pick’s disease feature: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

aphthous ulcers (canker sores): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

apical ectodermal ridge: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

apical lung cancer: The Pupil [Neurology]

apical membrane: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

apixaban: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]


stroke treatment: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

aplasia: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Other Anemias [Hematology]

aplasia cutis: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

23


aplastic anemia: Other Anemias [Hematology]

carbamazepine: Seizures [Neurology]

chloramphenicol: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

thionamides: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Transplants [Immunology]

aplastic crisis

with chronic hemolysis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

with hereditary spherocytosis: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

parvovirus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

apocrine metaplasia: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

apolipoproteins: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]; Inflammation [Pathology]; Lipid

Metabolism [Biochemistry]

apoptosis: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Cell Injury [Pathology]; T-cells [Immunology]

appendicitis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

differential diagnosis: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

referred pain: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

treatment: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

appendix cancer: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

appendix testis: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

apple peel atresia: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

apples: fruits [Food]

approval, of new drugs: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

apraclonidine: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Glaucoma [Neurology]

aquagenic pruritus: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

aqueductal stenosis: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

aqueous humor: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

Arabians: horses [Animals]

arachidonic acid: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

arachnid bites: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

arachnodactyly: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

arachnoid granulations: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

arboviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

arcades: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

area postrema: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

arenaviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

argatroban: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

arginine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Ammonia [Biochemistry]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Other Amino

Acids [Biochemistry]

argininosuccinate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

Argyll Robertson pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]; Spirochetes [Infectious

Disease] aripiprazole: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

armadillos (disease vector): Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

aromatase inhibitors: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

arrhythmias


amyloidosis feature: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

ß2-agonists side effect: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

cardiomyopathy and: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

cor pulmonale as cause of: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

delirium tremens and: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

diabetic ketoacidosis and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

dystrophy association: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

24


electrolyte imbalances: Electrolytes [Renal]


pathophysiology: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

refeeding syndrome and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

restrictive cardiomyopathy: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

sleep apnea complication: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

treatment: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

tricyclic antidepressants overdose: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

arsenic exposure: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]; Skin Cancer

[Dermatology] arterial blood gas: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

arteries. See also specific arteries

anatomy: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]



arteriolar sclerosis: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

arteriolar vessels: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

arterioles

blood flow mechanics of: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

glomerular filtration rate: Physiology I [Renal]

arteriosclerosis: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]

artesunate: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

arthralgias

diffuse scleroderma and: Scleroderma [Immunology]

Sjögren’s syndrome symptom: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

arthritis. See also specific arthritis

inflammatory bowel disease and: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

lupus feature: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

parvovirus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

arthropathy: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

arthus reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

articular cartilage: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

arylsulfatase A: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

arytenoid: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

asbestos: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

asbestos (ferruginous) body: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

ascending cholangitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

ascending thoracic aneurysms: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

Aschoff bodies: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

ascites


epithelial cell tumor feature: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

fibroma association: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

third spacing and: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

ascorbic acid. See vitamin C

aseptic meningitis

coxsackie virus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Leptospira interrogans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Asherman syndrome: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

Ashkenazi Jews

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

lysosomal storage disease incidence: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

25


ovarian cancer incidence: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

pancreatic cancer incidence: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

ash leaf spots: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

aspartame: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

aspartate

as acidic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

breakdown of: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

for purine synthesis: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

pyrimidine ring and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

urea cycle and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

aspartate aminotransferase (AST): Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis

[Infectious Disease] aspergillosis: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

aspergillus: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


Aspergillus fumigatus: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

Aspergillus spp.

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

chronic granulomatous disease: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Free Radicals [Pathology];

Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes

[Immunology] treatment: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

aspiration: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]


antibiotic coverage for: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


Klebsiella spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

aspirin

antiplatelet activity: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

asthma trigger: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


for colorectal cancer prophylaxis: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

electron transport chain uncoupling: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]


flushing and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


gout and: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

for ischemia: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

Kawasaki disease treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

myocardial infarction: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

(STEMI) [Cardiology]

niacin excess and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

osteoid osteoma treatment: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

overdose: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]; Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

Reye’s syndrome: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

stroke prophylaxis: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

thrombocytosis treatment: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD): Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

asplenia: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

asthma

atopic dermatitis and: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

beta blocker precaution: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

GERD and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

26


lung auscultation: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]


obstructive lung disease and: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

pulsus paradoxus and: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

respiratory acidosis cause: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

treatment: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

astigmatism: Eye Movements [Neurology]; The Lens [Neurology]

astrocytes: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

of blood-brain barrier: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

central nerve damage and: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

glycogen storage: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

astrocytomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell

Biology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

ataxia

brainstem disorder: Brainstem [Neurology]

carbamazepine side effect: Seizures [Neurology]

cerebellar symptoms: Cerebellum [Neurology]

lysosomal storage diseases: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

Mad Cow disease: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

marijuana effect: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

pancreatic insufficiency: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

schwannoma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

syphilis and: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

vitamin deficiencies: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Wernicke triad: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

ataxia telangiectasia: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Immune

Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

ataxic hemiparesis: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

atelectasis: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

lung physical exam for diagnosis: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome feature: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

atenolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

atheroma: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

atherosclerosis: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

abdominal aortic aneurysms and: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]


diabetes complication: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

familial dyslipidemias and: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]


atherosclerotic plaques: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

rupture. See non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; ST-elevation myocardial infarction; unstable angina

stable: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

symptoms: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

athlete’s heart: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison

atomoxetine: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

atopic dermatitis (eczema): Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

atopic march: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

atopy: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

atorvastatin: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

atovaquone: Malaria [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

ATP (adenosine triphosphate): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

ATP synthase: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

atracurium: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

27


atresia: Biliary disorders [Gastroenterology]

atria: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]; Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

atrial fibrillation

antiarrhythmic drug treatment: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

anticoagulant drug treatment: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

EKG reading: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

myotonic dystrophy association: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

pathophysiology: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

venous pressure tracings of: Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome and: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

atrial flutter

EKG reading: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


pathophysiology: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

atrial septal defect: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

atrial septal defect (ASD)

heart sound splitting: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

shunts: Shunts [Cardiology]

trisomy disorder association: Trisomies [Genetics]

atrioventricular canal defects: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT): Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; AVNRT

[Cardiology]; Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

atrioventricular septal defects: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

atrophic endometrium: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

atrophy (cells): Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

atropine

action of: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

gastric ulcer treatment: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

organophosphate poisoning treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

side effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Salivary Glands

[Gastroenterology] toxicity: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

ATR pathway: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

attachment: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders

[Psychiatry] attributable risk: Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

attrition bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

atypical depression: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

atypical lymphocyte: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

atypical pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

audiometry: Auditory System [Neurology]

auditory hallucinations: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Psychosis

[Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

auditory nerve: Brainstem [Neurology]

auditory system: Auditory System [Neurology]

Auerbach plexus: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

Auer rods: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

auras: Headaches [Neurology]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Seizures [Neurology]

auricular muscles: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

auscultation: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

Auspitz sign: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

28


autism: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

autism spectrum disorder: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

autoantibodies: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Nephrotic Syndrome

[Renal] autograft: Transplants [Immunology]

autoimmune adrenalitis: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

autoimmune disorders. See also specific disorders

chronic inflammation: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

coagulopathy factor inhibitors and: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

thyroid disorders: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

autoimmune gastritis: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; External Hemolysis [Hematology];

Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

autoimmune hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

autoimmune hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

autoimmune hypothesis: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: Apoptosis [Pathology]

autoimmune pancreatitis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

autoimmune regulator (AIRE) genes: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Opportunistic Fungal

Infections [Infectious Disease]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

autoimmune rheumatic fever: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

autonomic hyperactivity: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

autonomic nervous system: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

acetylcholine and: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

blood pressure regulation and: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

cranial nerves and: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

drugs for treating disorders of: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; ANS Drugs: Norepinephrine

[Neurology] Guillain-Barre syndrome: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

hypothalamus and: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

limbic system and: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

seizures and: Seizures [Neurology]

stimulants effect on: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

autonomic neuropathy: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

autonomy: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]; Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

autophagy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

autoregulation of blood flow: Physiology I [Renal]

autosomal dominant disorders: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial

Bleeding [Neurology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

autosomal recessive disorders

Friedreich’s ataxia: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

pedigrees of: Pedigrees [Genetics]

urea cycle disorders: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

avascular necrosis

of femoral head: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

fracture complication: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

glucocorticoid complication: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

of humerus head: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]


29


sickle cell anemia and: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

AV blocks: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

beta blockers and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

digoxin toxicity: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

EKG reading: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

Lyme disease: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

muscular dystrophy association: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]


AV dissociation: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

AV fistulas: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

avidin: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

AV node: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]

action potentials of: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

antiarrhythmic drugs and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

AV block origination: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]


blocks of. See AV blocks

digoxin and: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

avoidance behavior: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

avoidant personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

axillary lymph node metastases: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

axillary nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

axonal reaction: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

axonemal dynein: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

axoneme: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

axonotmesis: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

axons: Cerebellum [Neurology]

azathioprine

action of: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]


inflammatory myopathy: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

purine metabolic disorders: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

for rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

for sarcoidosis: Sarcoidosis [Pulmonary]

azithromycin

action of: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

for babesiosis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Bartonella henselae: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

for chancroid: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

for chlamydia: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

for legionella: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

Leptospira interrogans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

opportunist infection prophylaxis: HIV [Infectious Disease]

pneumonia treatment: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

azoles

action of: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

candida infections: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

side effects: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

tinea versicolor: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

azotemia: Renal Failure [Renal]

aztreonam: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

30


B Babesia spp.: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Protozoa [Infectious

Disease] babesiosis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Babinski sign (plantar reflex): Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

bacillary angiomatosis: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Bacillus anthracis: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence

[Infectious Disease] Bacillus cereus: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Bacillus spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

bacitracin susceptibility: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

back pain: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

bacteremia

liver abscesses and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

Neisseria spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Staph aureus: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

Strep bovis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

bacteria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]. See also specific bacteria and infections

antibiotic resistance: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic treatment: Beta Lactams [Infectious Disease]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins

[Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease].

See also antibiotics; specific antibiotics

bile salts and: Bile [Gastroenterology]

bilirubin metabolism: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

classification: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram

Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious

Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria

[Infectious Disease] complement system and: Complement System [Immunology]

contact precautions for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

culture of: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

DNA methylation in: DNA Structure [Biochemistry]

DNA polymerases: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

endometritis and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

energy production: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

eye infections: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

folate synthesis: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

gangrene and: Necrosis [Pathology]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] genetics of: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

growth of: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

identification: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

immune deficiency syndromes and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

inflammation and: Inflammation [Pathology]

meningitis: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Meningitis [Neurology]

overgrowth: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

pericarditis and: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

prostatitis: Prostate [Reproductive]

respiratory burst and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

shapes of: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

sinusitis: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

stains: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

31


THF synthesis in: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

toxins: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

vaginitis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

virulence: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

vitamin B12 synthesis: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

bacterial endocarditis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

bacteriophages: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease];

Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Bacteroides fragilis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]




Bacteroides spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Special Growth


bad breath: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

Baker cyst: Knee [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal];


BAK proteins: Apoptosis [Pathology]

balance

sodium-water: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

vestibular system and: Vestibular System [Neurology]

balding: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

bamboo spine: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

barbiturates: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

alcohol contraindication: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

GABA receptors: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]


barbiturates withdrawal: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

baroreceptors

blood pressure regulation: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

cardiac massage and: AVNRT [Cardiology]

Barr body: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

barrel chest: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Barrett’s esophagus: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Bartholin glands: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

Bartonella henselae: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious

Disease] Bartonella quintana: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

Bartter syndrome: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

basal body root: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

basal cell carcinoma: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

basal ganglia: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

aneurysms of: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

Huntington’s disease and: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

lacunar strokes and: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

Lewy body dementia: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

movement disorders and: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

as subcortical structure: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

Wilson’s disease and: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

basal lamina: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

basal metabolic rate: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

basal plate: Placenta [Reproductive]

basal plates: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

32


base excision repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

baseless nucleotides: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

basement membrane: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

basement membranes: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

diabetes effect on: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glomerulus: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]; MPGN [Renal]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Nephrotic

Syndrome [Renal]

basic amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

histones and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

basilar artery stroke: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

basolateral membrane: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

basophilic stippling: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

basophils: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]

Baum’s loop: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

BAX proteins: Apoptosis [Pathology]

B-cell disruption: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

B-cells: B-Cells [Immunology]

adaptive immunity: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

as antigen presenting cells: T-cells [Immunology]

apoptosis cause: Apoptosis [Pathology]

bacteria capsules and: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

cancer: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

cluster of differentiation and: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

disorders of: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

Epstein–Barr virus and: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

lymphoid organs and: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

lymphoma: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

malignancy: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

Reed-Sternberg cells derived from: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

Bcl proteins: Apoptosis [Pathology]

beagles: dogs [Animals]

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD): Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

Beck’s Triad: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

beclomethasone: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

bedwetting: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Conditioning and Transference

[Psychiatry] beef: meat [Food]

behavioral therapy: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders

[Psychiatry]; Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

behavior modulation: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

bell clapper deformity: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

Bell’s palsy: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

“Bence Jones” proteins: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

Benedikt syndrome: Brainstem [Neurology]

beneficence: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

benign adenoma: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

benign epithelial alteration: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

benign positional vertigo: Vestibular System [Neurology]

benign prostatic hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Prostate [Reproductive]

benign prostatic hypertrophy: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

benign pulmonary nodules: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

33


benign tumors, defined: Neoplasia [Pathology]

benzene: Other Anemias [Hematology]

benzocaine: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

benzocaine spray: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

benzodiazepines: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

akathisia treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

alcohol withdrawal treatment: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

anxiety disorder treatment: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

GABA receptor anesthetics: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

intoxication treatment: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

PCP treatment: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

rapid sequence intubation: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

seizure treatment: Seizures [Neurology]


withdrawal: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

benzoyl peroxide: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

benztropine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia

[Neurology] Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy): Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

beriberi: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

Berkson’s bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Bernard-Soulier syndrome: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

berry aneurysms: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Cystic Kidney Disease

[Renal]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

“berry like” inclusions: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

beta (hypothesis testing): Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

ß1-receptors: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

ß2-agonists: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

ß2 microglobulin: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

ß-adrenergic stimulation: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

ß-agonists: Electrolytes [Renal]

ß-amyloid: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

ß-amyloid deposits: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

ß-amyloid plaques: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

ß-blockers: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Cardiac

Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]


atrial fibrillation treatment: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

for AV blocks: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

for AVNRT: AVNRT [Cardiology]

for cardiac ischemia: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

as cardiac ischemia secondary prevention: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

contractility in cardiac output and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]


Grave’s disease treatment: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

heart block and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

heart rate and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

hypertensive emergency treatment: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

hyperthyroidism treatment: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

overdose: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

pheochromocytoma pre-surgical management: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

34



for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

systolic heart failure and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

tetralogy of Fallot and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

thyroid storm treatment: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

types of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

ß-carotene: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

ß-cells (pancreas): Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

ß-globin: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

ß-glucans synthesis: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ß-glucuronidase: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

ß-hCG


dysgerminoma and: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

secretion: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

selective markers: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

theca-lutein cyst association: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

ß-hemolysis: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] ß-hemolytic bacteria: Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

ß-lactam antibiotics: Beta Lactams [Infectious Disease]

resistance: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

sensitivity: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

synergy with aminoglycosides: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

ß-lactamase: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

ß-lactamase inhibitors: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

ß-oxidation

alcohol use and: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

coenzyme A and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]




ß-oxidation disorders: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

ß-oxidation fatty acids: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

ß-pleated sheets: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

ß-receptors: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

ß-thalassemia: Thalassemias [Hematology]

etiology: Transcription [Cell Biology]

genetics of: Genetic Principles [Genetics]


ß-thalassemia intermedia: Thalassemias [Hematology]

ß-thalassemia major: Thalassemias [Hematology]

aplastic crisis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

secondary hemochromatosis: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

ß-thalassemia minor: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

ß-tubulin: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

betaxolol: Glaucoma [Neurology]

bethanechol: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

bevacizumab: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

bezafibrate: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

bicarbonate

as acid buffer: Acid Excretion [Renal]

35


anion gap and: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

carbon dioxide transport: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

renal tubular acidosis levels: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

secretion: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

biceps femoris muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

biceps reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

bicornuate uterus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Placental Complications [Reproductive]

bicuspid aortic valve: Valve Disease [Cardiology]



coarctation of the aorta and: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]


Turner syndrome feature: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

biguanides (metformin): Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

bilaminar disc: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

bile: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

components of: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

copper excretion: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

drug excretion: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

fat malabsorption: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

hormone regulation of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

liver-bile patterns: Bile [Gastroenterology]

bile acid resins: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

bile acids: Bile [Gastroenterology]

bile duct

disorders of: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

portal triad: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

Pringle’s maneuver and: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

bile esculin agar: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

bile salts: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology];

Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

biliary atresia: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

biliary cirrhosis: Biliary disorders [Gastroenterology]; Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Sjögren’s

syndrome [Immunology]

biliary disorders: Biliary disorders [Gastroenterology]

biliary obstruction: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

biliary strictures: Bile [Gastroenterology]

biliary tree: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

bilirubin: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

bile component: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

hemolysis and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

hepatitis diagnosis: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

liver marker: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious

Disease] primary biliary cirrhosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

bimatoprost: Glaucoma [Neurology]

binge drinking: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

binge eating disorder: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

binocular diplopia: Eye Movements [Neurology]

bioavailability (F): Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

biofilms: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

biomarkers

cardiac: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

36


immunodeficiency: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

liver: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

viral load: HIV [Infectious Disease]

biostatistics: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology];

Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Test of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

biotin: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

as co-factor: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

deficiency of: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]






biotin deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

bipolar disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]


postpartum psychosis association: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

suicide risk: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]


Birbeck granules: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

birds (disease vector): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

birth

cardiac circulation at: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

shunts at: Shunts [Cardiology]

birthmark, stork bite: Skin [Dermatology]

birth trauma

pudendal nerve injury: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

shoulder dystocia: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

bisacodyl: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

bismuth salicylate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

bisoprolol: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]




bisphosphoglycerate mutase: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

bisphosphonates: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

bite cells: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

bitemporal hemianopsia: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Visual Fields

[Neurology] bite wounds: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

bivalirudin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

BK virus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

blackfly bites: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

blackheads: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

black liver: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

black vomit: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

blackwater fever: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

bladder


adenocarcinoma: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

cancer: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

37


embryology: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

fistulas: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

malignancies: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

multiple sclerosis effects: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

physiology: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

bladder extrophy: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

blastocoel: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

blastocyst: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Placenta [Reproductive]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

Blastomyces dermatitidis: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

Blastomycosis: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

blastulation: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

bleeding


disorders: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

drug-induced: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]

essential thrombocytosis symptom: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

intracranial: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

iron deficiency and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

post-coital bleeding: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

types of: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

Weil’s disease: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

bleeding time: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Platelet Activation

[Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

bleomycin: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

bleomycin toxicity: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

blinding: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

blindness. See vision loss and blindness

blinking: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

blistering disorders: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

blistering skin lesions: Porphyrias [Hematology]

blisters: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

blood

defined: Physiology II [Renal]

embryology: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

lymphoid disorders: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

myeloid disorders: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

oxygen content: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

tumors: Neoplasia [Pathology]

blood agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

blood blister: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

blood-brain barrier: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

blood culture: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

blood flow

autoregulation: Physiology I [Renal]

flow, defined: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

mechanics: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

organ circulation: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

pulmonary vascular resistance: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

regional, regulation of: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

total peripheral resistance (TPR): Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

blood groups: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]

blood pressure

afterload in cardiac output and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

38


cortisol and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]


determinants of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

effective circulating volume: Physiology I [Renal]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]


physiology of: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

in pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

regulation of: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]


blood-testis barrier: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

[Reproductive] blood transfusions


blood type and: Blood Groups [Hematology]

clotting factor dilution: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

contraindications: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

platelet disorders: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

secondary hemochromatosis and (complications): Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

shock treatment: Shock [Cardiology]

sickle cell anemia: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

thalassemias: Thalassemias [Hematology]

blood types

gastric disorder risk factor: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

groups: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]

never-event prevention: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

type and screen: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

blood urea nitrogen: Renal Failure [Renal]

blood vessels. See also specific vessels and types of vessels

fibrinoid necrosis of: Necrosis [Pathology]

structure: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

vasculitis: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

bloody diarrhea: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

E. coli: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

infectious: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

inflammatory bowel disease symptom: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

Shigella spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Yersinia enterocolitica: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

blotting: Blotting [Cell Biology]

blue babies: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

blueberry muffin syndrome: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; TORCH

Infections [Reproductive]

blue bloater: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

blue man syndrome: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

blue sclera: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

blue vision (cyanopia): Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

BMPR2 gene: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

B19 virus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

BOAR: bunyavirus, arenavirus, orthomyxovirus, reovirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

body dysmorphic disorder: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

body mass index: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

body pattern development: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

Boerhaave syndrome: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Bohr effect: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

39


Bohr’s method, for measuring dead space: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

bone. See also fractures; specific bones

abnormalities: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

crises: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

cysts: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Renal Failure [Renal]

infarction: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

matrix: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

metastases: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

pain: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

bone alkaline phosphatase: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

bone marrow


cell cycle phase of: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

depression of: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

expansion: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

failure: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]; Other Anemias

[Hematology] hairy cell leukemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

janus kinases and: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]


multiple myeloma: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

myelodysplasia diagnosis: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

myeloid disorders: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

osteopetrosis and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

physiological hyperplasia of: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

primary amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

as primary lymphoid organ: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

stain for: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

stimulation: Other Anemias [Hematology]

bone marrow suppression: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

acute myelogenous leukemia and: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]



chloramphenicol side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

flucytosine side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ganciclovir side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

immunosuppressant side effect: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

sulfonamide toxicity and: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

zidovudine side effect: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

bone marrow transplant: Transplants [Immunology]

aplastic anemia treatment: Other Anemias [Hematology]

chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

osteopetrosis treatment: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome treatment: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

bone mass: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Osteoporosis

[Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

bones. See also specific bones

aluminum toxicity and: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


cell types: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

cortisol effects: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]


disorders of: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis

40


[Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]. See also specific disorders


growth hormone and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


lipid accumulation in: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

lung cancer metastases: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

lung metastasis effects: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

parathyroid hormone and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

primary hyperparathyroidism and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

renal cell carcinoma metastasis: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

renal failure and: Renal Failure [Renal]

structure of: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

tetracycline precautions: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

thyroid hormone effect: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

tumors of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]. See also specific tumors

types of: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

bone-spicule pattern: The Retina [Neurology]

borderline personality disorder: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

Bordetella pertussis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

culturing: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

droplet precautions for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

virulence of: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Bordet-Gengou agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

Borrelia burgdorferi: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Borrelia hermsii: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Borrelia recurrentis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Borrelia spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Borrelia turicatae: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

bosentan: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

Botox: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

botulinum toxin: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease];


botulism: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Other Gram

Positives [Infectious Disease]

Bouchard’s nodes: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

bowel obstruction

causes: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Liver,

Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]


epithelial cell tumor feature: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

pseudomyxoma peritonei feature: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

Bowen disease: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]; Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

bowenoid papulosis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

bow legs: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Knee [Musculoskeletal]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry];

Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

BRAC1 and BRAC2 mutations: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

brachial artery: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

brachial plexus: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

bradycardia

AV blocks and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

beta blocker overdose and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

Cushing’s triad and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

hypermagnesemia symptom: Electrolytes [Renal]

41


lithium side effect: Lithium [Psychiatry]


treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

bradykinesia

haloperidol side effect: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

Parkinson’s disease feature: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]


bradykinin

ACE inhibitors and: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

coagulation cascade and: Coagulation [Hematology]


neprilysin inhibitors and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

vascular permeability mediator: Inflammation [Pathology]

BRAF gene mutations: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

brain

abscesses: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

insulin and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

ketone bodies and: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

liquefactive necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]

lung cancer metastases: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

regional development: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

shrinkage of: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

sinuses: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

subcortical structures: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

ventricles: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

brain biopsy

Mad Cow disease diagnosis: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

brain death

decision-making for: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]


lung metastasis effects: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

organ donation guidelines for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

brainstem: Brainstem [Neurology]

blood supply: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

hearing and: Auditory System [Neurology]

parasympathetic system and: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

posturing with damage to: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

tumors of: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

brain tumors: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

treatment: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

Turcot syndrome and: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

branched-chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC): Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

branched chain amino acids

deficiency of: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

metabolism of: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

types of: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

branchial cleft cyst: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

branching bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

branching enzyme: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO): The Retina [Neurology]

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]; Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer

42


[Gastroenterology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

break bone fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

breaking seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

breast

angiosarcoma of: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

apocrine metaplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

carcinoma: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

disorders: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

fat necrosis of: Necrosis [Pathology]

mass evaluation: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

physiological hyperplasia of: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

structures: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

tissue: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

breast cancer

adherens junctions and: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

breast feeding to lower risk of: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

carcinoma: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]



prophylaxis: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

treatment: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs

[Hematology] breast feeding: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

breast milk: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

breathing

carbon dioxide: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

mechanisms of: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

sleep apnea: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

Treacher Collins syndrome effect on: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

work of: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

Brenner tumor: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

Breslow thickness: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

bridging veins: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

brief psychotic disorder: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

brimonidine: Glaucoma [Neurology]

Broca’s speech area: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

Brodmann areas: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

bromocriptine: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Pituitary Gland

[Endocrinology] bronchi: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

bronchial veins: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

bronchiectasis: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]; Obstructive Lung Disease

[Pulmonary] bronchioles: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

bronchiolitis: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

bronchitis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

bronchogenic carcinoma: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

bronchogenic cysts: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

bronchophony: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

bronchopneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

bronze skin: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

43


brown fat: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

browning of vision: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

Brown-Sequard syndrome: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

Brown tumors (osteoclastoma): Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal

Failure [Renal]

Brucella spp.: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

brucellosis (undulant fever): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Bruch's membrane: The Retina [Neurology]

Brudzinski sign: Meningitis [Neurology]

Brugia malayi: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Brugia timori: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

bruising

child abuse injury: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

Ehlers Danlos syndrome and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]


Brunner’s gland hypertrophy: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Brunner’s glands: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

Brushfield Spots: Down syndrome [Genetics]

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

bruxism: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

bubonic plague: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

buckle fracture: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

Budd Chiari syndrome: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

liver tumors causing: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

polycythemia vera and: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

budesonide: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

Buerger’s disease: Vasculitis [Immunology]

buffered charcoal yeast extract: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious

Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

bulbar palsy: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

bulbar symptoms: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

bulbourethral glands (of Cowper): Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

bulbus cordis: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

bulimia

laxative abuse and: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

Malloy-Weiss syndrome cause: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


bulimia nervosa: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

bulla: Skin [Dermatology]

bullous impetigo: Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

bullous pemphigoid: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

bumetanide


acute heart failure treatment: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

acute interstitial nephritis cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

BUN/Creatinine: Physiology I [Renal]

bundle branch blocks: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

EKG readings: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; High Yield

EKGs [Cardiology]



bundle branches: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

bundle of His

44



anatomy: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]


EKG reading: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

bundle of Kent: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

bunyaviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

bupivacaine: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

buprenorphine: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

bupropion: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

Burkholderia cepacia: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Burkitt’s lymphoma: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

burns: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

carnitine deficiencies: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

Curling’s ulcer and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

wound infections cause: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

bursitis: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

busulfan: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

busulfan toxicity: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

butterfly glioma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

butterfly rash: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

B vitamins: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]. See also specific B vitamins

C C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency: Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

C3-converstase: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

C3 nephritic factor: Complement System [Immunology]; MPGN [Renal]

C3 protein: Complement System [Immunology]

C5a: Complement System [Immunology]

C5-C9 deficiency: Complement System [Immunology]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

C282Y mutation: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

CAAT box: Transcription [Cell Biology]

cachexia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

cadherins: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

café-au-lait spots: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

caffeine

action of: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

adenosine’s effect on: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

GERD risk factor: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

calcification: Calcification [Pathology]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

calcified pleural plaques: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

calcineurin inhibitors: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

calcinosis: Scleroderma [Immunology]

calciphylaxis: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

calcitonin

medullary carcinoma and: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

osteoporosis treatment: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

Paget’s disease treatment: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

physiology: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

signaling pathway: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

calcitriol: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

calcium

45


α-ketoglutarate activator: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

bone disorders and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

bone matrix and: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

cardiac output: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

cell injury and: Cell Injury [Pathology]

coagulation cascade requirement: Coagulation [Hematology]

EKG readings: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


glycogen metabolism and: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

homeostasis: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

hypoparathyroidism treatment: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]


lusitropy and: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

muscle contraction and: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth


myocyte storage of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]



platelet granules and: Platelet Activation [Hematology]


serum calcium level regulation: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

TCA cycle activation: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

calcium bilirubinate: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

calcium carbonate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

calcium channels and blockers

action of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]




classes: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]




neuromuscular disorders of: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

scleroderma treatment: Scleroderma [Immunology]


smooth muscle: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

calcium disodium EDTA: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

calcium oxalate stones: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD): CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

calcium sensing receptors (CaSRs): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

calcium stones: Kidney Stones [Renal]. See also kidney stones

caliciviruses: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

California encephalitis: Meningitis [Neurology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Call-Exner bodies: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

calluses: Skin [Dermatology]

calmodulin: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycogen [Biochemistry]; Smooth Muscle

[Musculoskeletal] calor: Inflammation [Pathology]

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glycolysis: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

nucleotides and: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

platelet activation: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

46


CAMP factor: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

cAMP second messenger system


parietal cell secretion and: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

pituitary hormones and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


Campylobacter jejuni: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

Campylobacter spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

bloody diarrhea: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

identification: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

reactive arthritis and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis

[Musculoskeletal] canagliflozin: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

canalicular period (lungs): Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

canal of Schlemm: Glaucoma [Neurology]

c-ANCA: Vasculitis [Immunology]

cancer. See also specific cancers and types of cancer


aplastic anemia and: Other Anemias [Hematology]

ataxia telangiectasia as risk factor: Cerebellum [Neurology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

bowel obstruction and: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

factor H and: Complement System [Immunology]

genetic principles of: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

grading of: Neoplasia [Pathology]

hallmarks of: Neoplasia [Pathology]

histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACs) and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

hypercoagulable workup and: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

neoplasia and: Neoplasia [Pathology]

oral contraceptive pills risk factors: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

papillomavirus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

staging: Neoplasia [Pathology]

tamponade and: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

telomerases and: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

two-hit origin of: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

cancer drugs. See also specific cancer drugs

alkylating agents: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

antimetabolites: Antimetabolites [Hematology]


DNA drugs: DNA Drugs [Hematology]

microtubule inhibitors: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

other: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

candesartan: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

Candida albicans: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

candida infections: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]



candidemia: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

candidiasis

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

esophagitis cause: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

SGLT2 inhibitors side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

steroid side effect: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

47


vaginitis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

cannabis use: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

capillaries


endothelium: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

lipid metabolism and: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Sturge-Weber syndrome and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

capillary effect: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

capillary fluid exchange


physiology: Physiology I [Renal]; Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

capitate: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

capitation: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

capsids: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; HIV [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

capsules: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives

[Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

captopril: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

caput medusa: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

carbachol: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Glaucoma [Neurology]

carbamazepine


cytochrome P450 system inducer: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

neural tube defect risks: Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

osteoporosis as side effect: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]


SIADH cause: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

tic treatment: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

carbaminohemoglobin: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

carbamoyl phosphate

ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

pyrimidine synthesis and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

synthesis: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

urea cycle and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

carbapenems: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

carbidopa: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

carbohydrate loading: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

carbohydrates: Glucose [Biochemistry]

absorption of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

digestion of: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

metabolism of: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

types of: Glucose [Biochemistry]

carbolfuchsin: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

carbon dioxide: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

excretion of: Acid Excretion [Renal]


hemoglobin and: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

for purine synthesis: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

TCA cycle product: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]


carbonic anhydrase: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Diuretics [Renal]; Glaucoma [Neurology]

carbon monoxide

48


electron transport chain inhibitor: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

functional anemia and: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]


perfusion limitations: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

poisoning: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

carbons: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

carbon tetrachloride: Free Radicals [Pathology]

carboplatin: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

carboxyhemoglobin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

carboxylase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

carboxylic acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

carboxypeptidases: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

carbuncle: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

carcinogens: Neoplasia [Pathology]

carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

niacin deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

octreotide and: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

pulmonic stenosis and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

tricuspid regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

tryptophan metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

carcinoid tumors: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Pituitary Gland

[Endocrinology] carcinomas: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]. See also adenocarcinomas; metastases

breast: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]


gastric: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

renal cell: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

in situ: Neoplasia [Pathology]

squamous cell: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

cardiac arrest

DNR guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]



cardiac arrhythmias

action potentials: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

atrial fibrillation and flutter: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


digoxin toxicity rhythms: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

hypomagnesemia symptom: Electrolytes [Renal]

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST): Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

cardiac biomarkers: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

cardiac catheterization: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]

cardiac cirrhosis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

cardiac ischemia. See also non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; stable angina; ST-elevation myocardial

infarction (STEMI); unstable angina

biomarkers for: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

causes and symptoms: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

causes of death after MI: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

complications of: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

EKG readings: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

hypertensive emergency: Hypertension [Cardiology]

49


prevention: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

treatment: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

types of: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

cardiac looping: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

cardiac muscle: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

cardiac output (CO): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]



blood pressure determinant: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]




high output heart failure: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

for oxygen delivery to tissues: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

Paget’s disease and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]



venous return curves: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

cardiac rehabilitation programs: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT): Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

cardiac rhabdomyomas: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

cardiac sarcomere proteins: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

cardiac stress test: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]

cardiac syncope: Seizures [Neurology]

cardiac troponin: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

cardinal veins: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

cardiogenic shock: Shock [Cardiology]

cardiology

action potentials: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Cardiac


anatomy: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

arrhythmias. See cardiac arrhythmias

auscultation: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]; Heart Sounds [Cardiology]


blood pressure regulation and: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]. See also blood pressure

cardiac ischemia: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]. See also cardiac ischemia

EKG readings. See EKG readings

exercise, response to: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

heart development: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]; Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Shunts [Cardiology]

heart failure. See heart failure

hypertension. See hypertension; secondary hypertension

ischemia. See cardiac ischemia

physiology: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]. See also

cardiac output (CO)

pressure volume loops: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

shunts: Shunts [Cardiology]. See also shunts


tumors: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

venous pressure tracings: Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

venous return curves: Starling Curves [Cardiology]


cardiomegaly: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

50


cardiomyopathy



bundle branch blocks and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

cancer drug side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]



HIV feature: HIV [Infectious Disease]

inborn errors of metabolism disorders causing: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]


restrictive cardiomyopathy. See restrictive cardiomyopathy

sarcoidosis: Sarcoidosis [Pulmonary]

cardioversion


risks: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

types of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome treatment: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

carditis

Lyme disease and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

rheumatic fever and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

care transition: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

carnitine: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism

[Biochemistry] carotid artery

atherosclerosis of: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

retinal artery occlusion cause: The Retina [Neurology]

carotid bodies: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

carotid dissection: The Pupil [Neurology]

carotid massage: AVNRT [Cardiology]; Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

carotid sinus: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

carpal bones: Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

carpal tunnel: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

carpal tunnel syndrome: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

cartilage

fluoroquinolones precaution: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

tumors: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

Carvallo’s sign: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

carvedilol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

caseating granuloma: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

case-control studies: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology];

Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

caseous necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

caspase enzymes: Apoptosis [Pathology]

caspofungin

action of: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

aspergillosis treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

candida infection treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

catalase: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Free Radicals [Pathology]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious

Disease] catalase-peroxidase: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

catalase-positive organisms: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious

Disease] cataplexy: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

51


cataracts: The Lens [Neurology]

classic galactosemia and: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

congenital rubella syndrome and: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

galactokinase deficiency and: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

Marfan syndrome and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]


in newborns: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

polyol pathway and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

TORCH infection: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

catecholamines

atrial fibrillation trigger: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


ethanol metabolism: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

metabolism of: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

neuroblastomas synthesis of: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

-secreting tumor. See pheochromocytomas

thyrotoxicosis and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

tumors and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology];

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

categorical variables: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

cats (disease vector): Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious

Disease] cat scratch fever: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

cauda equina syndrome: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

caudal neuropore: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis): Teratogens II [Reproductive]

caudate nucleus: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

cavernous sinus syndrome: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

CD4+ T-cells: HIV [Infectious Disease]; Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

[Hematology] CD4+ Th17 cells: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

CD4 T-cells: T-cells [Immunology]

CD5+ B-cells: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

CD8+ T-cells: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

CD8 T-cells: Apoptosis [Pathology]; T-cells [Immunology]

CD15+ B-cells: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

CD20 protein: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

cDNA (probe): Blotting [Cell Biology]; Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

cefazolin: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

cefepime: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

cefotaxime: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

cefotetan: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

cefoxitin: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

ceftaroline: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

ceftazidime: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

ceftriaxone: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

chancroid: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

gonorrhea: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Lyme disease: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

meningitis: Meningitis [Neurology]


52


Shiga toxin: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

typhoid fever: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Whipple’s disease: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

cefuroxime: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

celecoxib: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

celiac disease (celiac sprue)

dermatitis herpetiformis and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

fat malabsorption and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]


pathophysiology: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

celiac trunk: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

cell-mediated immune response: B-Cells [Immunology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; T-cells

[Immunology] cell membranes: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives

[Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

cells

adaptions: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

analysis of: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]

cell cycle: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

death: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Cell Injury [Pathology]; T-cells [Immunology]

injuries: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Cell Injury [Pathology]

of nervous system: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

polarity: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

structure: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

types of: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

cellular adhesions: Inflammation [Pathology]

cellulitis



Strep pyogenes: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

cell walls

of bacteria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

virulence factors and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

cement lines: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

central chromatolysis: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

central cyanosis: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

central diabetes insipidus: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

central lines

for dialysis: Renal Failure [Renal]

infections: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

central nervous system (CNS)

aneurysms: CNS Aneurysms [Neurology]



blood supply: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

cells of: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

depressants: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

embryogenesis: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

HIV infections of: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

hyperammonemia affecting: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

intracranial bleeding: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

lymphomas: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

53


neuroembryology: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

phenylketonuria (PKU) and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

as sanctuary site: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

sinuses: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

strokes. See strokes

thrombus: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]. See also strokes

thyroid hormone’s effect on: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

tumors: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Headaches [Neurology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

ventricles: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

Wilson’s disease effects on: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

central pontine myelinolysis (osmotic demyelination syndrome): Sodium Disorders [Renal]; Vertebral Basilar

Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

central retinal artery occlusion: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO): The Retina [Neurology]

central scotomas: The Retina [Neurology]

central sleep apnea: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

central tendency: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

central vertigo: Vestibular System [Neurology]

centriacinar damage: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

centrosomes: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

cephalexin: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

mastitis treatment: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

for S. aureus infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

cephalosporins

adverse reactions: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

adverse skin reactions: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic-induced diarrhea: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

overview: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

penicillin cross-reactivity: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

pharyngitis treatment: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

resistance to: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

for S. aureus infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis treatment: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

ceramide: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

ceramide trihexoside: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

cerebellar ataxia: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]

cerebellar hemangioblastoma: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

cerebellar strokes: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

cerebellar tonsils: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

cerebellopontine angle: Auditory System [Neurology]; Brain Tumors [Neurology]

cerebellum: Cerebellum [Neurology]

hemorrhagic stroke of: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

hypoxic encephalopathy and: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]


cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

cerebral aneurysms: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

cerebral aqueduct obstruction: Brainstem [Neurology]

cerebral cortex: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

cerebral edema




cerebral hemispheres: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

54


cerebral malaria: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

cerebral peduncle: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

cerebral strokes: Cerebral and Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

cerebritis: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

cerebrospinal fluid: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

medulloblastoma and: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

multiple sclerosis diagnosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

sinuses and: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

testing: Meningitis [Neurology]

ceruloplasmin: Free Radicals [Pathology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

cervical cancer: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cervical carcinoma: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

cervical dysplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

cervical hypoplasia: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

cervical lymphadenopathy: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

cervical mucous: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

cervical neoplasia: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

cervical os: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

cervical rib: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

cervicitis

Chlamydia spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Neisseria gonorrhea: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

cervix cancer

treatment: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

types of: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

cesarean delivery

endometritis and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

respiratory disorders associated with: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

risk factors: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

cetuximab: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate): Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cGMP second messenger system



CHADS score: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

CHADS-VASC Score: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

Chagas disease: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

chalk stick fracture: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

chancre: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

chancroid: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

chandelier sign: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

change, stages of: Alcohol & CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

chaperone protein: Translation [Cell Biology]

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

Charcot-Leyden crystals: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

Charcot triad: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

charging tRNA: Translation [Cell Biology]

Chediak-Higashi syndrome: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology];

Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

cheese effect: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

cheilitis: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

55


chelation therapy: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

chemical cardioversion: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

chemical stress tests: Stable Angina [Cardiology]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

chemotherapy

acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

anti-emetics used with: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


brain tumor treatment: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

candidemia risk: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

cell cycle affected by: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

choriocarcinoma treatment: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

DNA replication and: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

endometrioid tumor treatment: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]


Hodgkin lymphoma treatment: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

myelodysplasia association: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

osteosarcoma treatment: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

pancreatic cancer treatment: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

pneumonias associated with: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

as teratogen: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

transitional cell carcinoma treatment: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

cherry hemangioma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

cherry red lips: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

cherry red spot: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

chest pain. See also angina

cocaine and: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

ischemic: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]


chest wall: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

chest X-ray: Chest X-rays [Pulmonary]

anatomy: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]

honeycombing pattern on: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

mediastinal mass differential diagnosis: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

pneumocystotic pneumonia findings: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

pneumomediastinum: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

water bottle sign: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

widened mediastinum: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]

Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

Chiari malformations: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes

[Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

chickenpox: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


meningitis cause: Meningitis [Neurology]

respiratory precautions for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

vaccine: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

chief cells (parathyroid): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

chief cells (stomach): Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

child abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]


reporting guidelines: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

childhood absence epilepsy: Seizures [Neurology]

child maltreatment: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

56


child neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

Child-Pugh classification: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

children. See pediatric patients

child sexual abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]; Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

“Chinese character” trabeculae: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

Chinese liver fluke: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

chipmunk facies: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

Chi-square test: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

chlamydia

gonorrhea co-infection: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

Chlamydia spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

cell wall of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]



staining: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

sterile pyuria and: Urinary Infections [Renal]

Chlamydia trachomatis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

acute prostatitis: Prostate [Reproductive]

reactive arthritis and: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

Chlamydophila pneumoniae: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

Chlamydophila psittaci: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

chloramphenicol


aplastic anemia cause: Other Anemias [Hematology]

side effects: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

chloride shift: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

chloroquine

malaria treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]

volume of distribution (Vd) for: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

chlorpheniramine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

chlorpromazine: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

chlorpropamide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

chlorthalidone: Diuretics [Renal]

chocolate agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

chocolate cyst: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

cholangiocarcinoma: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Helminths [Infectious Disease]

cholangitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

cholecystitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

cholecystography: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

cholecystokinin: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

action of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

biliary colic and: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic enzyme regulation by: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

choledocholithiasis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

cholelithiasis. See gallstones

cholera

toxin: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

watery diarrhea: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

cholestasis: Bile [Gastroenterology]

hyperbilirubinemia cause: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

57


primary sclerosing cholangitis lab finding: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

ultrasound of: Bile [Gastroenterology]

cholesterol

absorption of: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

bile component: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]



excretion of: Bile [Gastroenterology]


hypothyroidism and levels of: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

reproductive hormones: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]. See also androgens; estrogens

synthesis of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

thyroid hormone’s effect on: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

cholesterol gallstones: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

cholesteryl esters: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP): Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cholestyramine: Bile [Gastroenterology]

choline acetyltransferase: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

cholinergic crisis: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

cholinesterase: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

chondroblasts: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

chondrocalcinosis: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

chondrocytes: Bone [Musculoskeletal]


osteoarthritis and: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

chondromas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

chondrosarcoma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

chorea: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

causes: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

Huntington’s disease feature: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Trinucleotide

Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome feature: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

sulfonamide toxicity: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

choreoathetosis: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

choriocarcinoma

ovaries: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

risk factors: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

spread via bloodstream: Neoplasia [Pathology]

testes: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

chorionic: Placenta [Reproductive]

chorionic plate: Placenta [Reproductive]

chorionic villi: Placenta [Reproductive]


in molar pregnancy: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

chorioretinitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

maternal toxoplasmosis: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

toxoplasmosis symptom: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

choristoma: Neoplasia [Pathology]

choroid: The Retina [Neurology]

choroid plexus cysts: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

Christmas disease: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

Christmas tree distribution (pityriasis rosea): Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

chromaffin cells: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

58


chromatin: Apoptosis [Pathology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]

chromatolysis: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

chromosomal instability pathway: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

chromosomes: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

DNA structure and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

gene mapping and: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

genetic principles: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

meiosis and: Meiosis [Genetics]

chronic bronchitis: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

chronic gastritis: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

chronic granulomatous disease

Aspergillus spp.: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Pathology]


causative organisms: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

NADPH oxidase and: Free Radicals [Pathology]; Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; HMP Shunt

[Biochemistry] pathophysiology: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

treatment: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

chronic heart failure: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

chronic inflammation: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; Inflammation

[Pathology] chronic interstitial nephritis: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

chronic joint disease: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

chronic leukemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

chronic liver disease

MELD score for: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

tumors associated with: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

autoimmune hemolytic anemia association: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

treatment: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

chronic mesenteric ischemia (intestinal angina): Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Opportunistic Fungal

Infections [Infectious Disease]

chronic myelogenous leukemia: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

chronic myeloid leukemia: Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)



carbon dioxide and: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

disorders of: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


pulmonary vascular resistance cause: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

pulsus paradoxus and: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]


treatment: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

chronic pancreatitis: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

calcification and: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

pancreatic cancer risk factor: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic insufficiency and: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

treatment: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

chronic pyelonephritis: Urinary Infections [Renal]

chronic renal failure (chronic kidney disease): Renal Failure [Renal]

anemia of: Other Anemias [Hematology]

59


calciphylaxis and: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


hypertension and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

hypocalcemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]

nephrotic syndrome and: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]


tuberous sclerosis and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

urate nephropathy and: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

vitamin deficiencies and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

chronic transplant rejection: Transplants [Immunology]

Churg-Strauss syndrome: Vasculitis [Immunology]

Chvostek sign: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

chylomicrons: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

hyperlipidemia and: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

hypertriglyceridemia and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]


triglyceride levels: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

vitamin transport by: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

chylothorax (lymphatic effusions): Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

chymotrypsins: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

cidofovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

cigarette paper scars: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

cigarette smoking. See smoking

cilastatin: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

cilia: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

ciliary ganglion: The Pupil [Neurology]

ciliary muscle: Glaucoma [Neurology]; The Lens [Neurology]

cilostazol: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

cimetidine

cytochrome P450 system inhibitor: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

GERD treatment: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


side effects: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

theophylline interaction with: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

cingulate gyrus: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

ciprofloxacin

action of: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

anthrax treatment: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

ascending cholangitis treatment: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

corneal infection treatment: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

GI therapy: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

meningitis prophylaxis: Meningitis [Neurology]

Neisseria spp. prophylaxis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Shiga toxin treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]


circadian rhythms

cluster headaches and: Headaches [Neurology]


circle of Willis: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

circulation

autonomic effects: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]


fetal circulation: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

60


kidneys: Renal Anatomy [Renal]

physiology: Physiology I [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]

pulmonary: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

circumstantial speech: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

cirrhosis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]


α1-anti-trypsin deficiency and: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

biliary cirrhosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

coagulation affected by: Coagulation [Hematology]

cystic fibrosis and: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

gallstones and: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

hemochromatosis and: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hepatitis and: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

hormones and: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Hypogonadism [Reproductive]; Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology] pathophysiology: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease

[Gastroenterology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]


treatment: Diuretics [Renal]

Wilson’s disease and: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

cisapride: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

cisplatin

as cancer drug: DNA drugs [Hematology]

side effects: DNA drugs [Hematology]

transitional cell carcinoma treatment: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

citrate

fatty acid accumulation: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

fatty acid metabolism: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]



kidney stone treatment: Kidney Stones [Renal]

TCA cycle inhibition: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

citric acid cycle. See TCA cycle

Citrobacter spp.: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

citrulline: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

arginine metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


CIWA scale: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

CK-MB (biomarkers): NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

cladribine: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

clanging: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

clarithromycin


for H. pylori: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology];

Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) treatment: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]



clasp knife spasticity: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

classical conditioning: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

classical pathway (complement system): Complement System [Immunology]. See also complement system

clathrin-coated vesicles: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

claudication: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

61


claudin: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

clavicle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

clavulanate


for Pasteurella spp.: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

for S. aureus: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

clavulanic acid

overview: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]


clawed hand: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

claw fingers: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

clearance, of drugs: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

clear cell carcinoma: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

cleavage: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CSF): Transcription [Cell Biology]

cleavage stimulation factor (CstF): Transcription [Cell Biology]

cleft lip and palate: Cleft Lip and Palate [Reproductive]

fetal hydantoin syndrome: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

holoprosencephaly: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

morphogenesis error: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

Patau syndrome association: Trisomies [Genetics]

thymic aplasia and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

clevidipine: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

clindamycin




aspiration pneumonia treatment: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

endocarditis prophylaxis with: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

endometritis treatment: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]


mechanism and coverage: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

sialadenitis treatment: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

clinical trials: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

clitoris: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

cloaca: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

clofazimine: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

clofibrate: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

bile acid synthesis inhibition: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

for elevated triglyceride levels: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

clomiphene: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

clomipramine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

clonality: Neoplasia [Pathology]

clonidine: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine

[Neurology]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

Clonorchis sinensis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Helminths [Infectious Disease]

clopidogrel

action of: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

for myocardial infarction: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

stent thrombus prophylaxis: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

stroke prophylaxis: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

closed angle glaucoma: Glaucoma [Neurology]

62


Clostridial myonecrosis: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium botulinum: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram

Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium difficile: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

clindamycin as cause: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

contact precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

infections with penicillin use: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

proton pump inhibitor side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

reactive arthritis trigger: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis

[Musculoskeletal] watery diarrhea: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium diphtheria: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium perfringens: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Protein

Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]; Special

Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium tetani: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence

[Infectious Disease]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

clotrimazole


for dermatophyte infections: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

clotting


bleeding vs.: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]



clotting factors: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders

[Hematology] clotting time: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

clozapine: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

club cells: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

cluster headache: Headaches [Neurology]

C-Myc translocation: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

coagulase test: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

coagulation cascade: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States

[Hematology]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]

coagulation factor inhibitors: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

coagulative necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

coagulopathy

cirrhosis feature: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

disorders of: Anticoagulants [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]



coal miner’s lung: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

coarctation of aorta: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

aortic regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


teratogens: Teratogens II [Reproductive]


coated vesicles: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

cobalamin: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]. See also vitamin B12

deficiency

63


cobalt: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

cobblestone mucosa: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

coca cola urine: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

cocaine: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

action of: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

Horner syndrome diagnostic test: The Pupil [Neurology]

intoxication: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology];

Stimulants [Psychiatry]

low birth weight cause: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

placental abruption risk factor: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

tactile hallucinations with: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

as teratogen: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

withdrawal: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

coccidioidomycosis: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

coccobacilli: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

coccus bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

cochlea disease: Auditory System [Neurology]

cochlear nerve: Auditory System [Neurology]

cochlear nucleus

AICA stroke and: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

lateral pontine syndromes and: Brainstem [Neurology]

codeine: Opioids [Psychiatry]

Codman triangle: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

codominance: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

codons: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

coefficient of determination (r or r2): Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

coelomic epithelium: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

coenzyme A (CoA): B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle

[Biochemistry] coenzyme Q: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Lipid Drugs

[Biochemistry] coffee bean nuclei: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

cognition, defined: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

cognitive behavioral therapy


childhood behavior disorders: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

eating disorder treatment: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

mood disorder treatment: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

cognitive disorders: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

cognitive impairment: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

cogwheel rigidity: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

cohort study (prospective/retrospective): Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study Designs

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] coin lesion (X-ray): Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

colchicine

action of: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

for familial Mediterranean fever: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

for gout: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

for pericarditis treatment: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

cold agglutinin disease: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia association: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

cold opposite, warm same (COWS) test: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

64


colds: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cold sores: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

colesevelam: Bile [Gastroenterology]

colestipol: Bile [Gastroenterology]

colipase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

colistin: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

colitis

antibiotic-associated: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

ischemic: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

collagen

amino acids and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

antibodies to: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

articular cartilage and: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

connective tissue component: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

disorders of: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

of lens: The Lens [Neurology]

scar formation and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

scleroderma and: Scleroderma [Immunology]

synthesis of: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Translation [Cell Biology]

types of: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

collateral ligaments: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

collecting duct: Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

colon: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

colon cancer: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

cancer associations: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]


genetics of: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]




Strep bovis infection and: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

treatment: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

colon polyps: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

Colorado tick fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

colorectal cancer: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Other Cancer Drugs

[Hematology] colovesical fistula: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

coltivirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

coma

causes: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]


hyponatremia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTC deficiency): Ammonia [Biochemistry]

rabies infection feature: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


comedo ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

comedones: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA): Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

common bile duct: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

common bile duct stone: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

common carotid artery: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

common cold: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

common peroneal (fibular) nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

65


common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

communicating hydrocele: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

communicating hydrocephalus: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

communication: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

comparison, of groups: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

competency: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

competitive antagonists: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

competitive ELISA: ELISA [Cell Biology]

competitive inhibitors: Enzyme Inhibitors [Basic Pharmacology]

complement-mediated lysis: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

complement protein D: Complement System [Immunology]

complement system: Complement System [Immunology]

activation of: Inflammation [Pathology]

antibodies and: B-Cells [Immunology]

C5-C9 deficiency and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

hemolysis via: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

innate immunity: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

MPGN and: MPGN [Renal]

nephritic syndrome and: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

type III hypersensitivity reaction and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]


complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS): Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Male


complete heart block: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

complex carbohydrates: Glucose [Biochemistry]

compliance



compliant lung: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

complications, prevention of: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

compound nevi: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

compression fractures: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

compulsions: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

concentric hypertrophy (cardiac): Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure

[Cardiology] conditioning: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

conduct disorder: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

conductive hearing loss: Auditory System [Neurology]

condyloma acuminatum (venereal warts): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

condyloma lata: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

condylomata acuminata: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

confabulation: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

confidence intervals: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of Significance

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] confidentiality: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

confounders: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

[Endocrinology] Cushing’s syndrome and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

undescended testes: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

66


congenital complete heart block: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

neonatal lupus and: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

congenital heart defects: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

DiGeorge syndrome and: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

fetal alcohol syndrome: Shunts [Cardiology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

maternal disorders and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

congenital heart disease

causes: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

congenital rubella syndrome: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

deletion syndrome association: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]


Edward syndrome association: Trisomies [Genetics]

isotretinoin as cause of: Teratogens I [Reproductive]


congenital hip dislocations: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

congenital hypothyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

congenital long Qt syndrome: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

congenital rubella syndrome: The Lens [Neurology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Shunts [Cardiology];

TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

congenital syphilis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

congestion: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

Congo red stain: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

conivaptan: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

conjoined twins: Twins [Reproductive]

conjugate gaze: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

conjugation (bacteria): Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

conjugation reactions: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

conjunctiva: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

conjunctival suffusion: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

conjunctivitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

adenovirus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

causes: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

chlamydia infections and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]


measles feature: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

reactive arthritis feature: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

type I hypersensitivity symptoms: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

connective tissue: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

basement membrane and: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

components of: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

disorders of: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]


of gastrointestinal tract: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

skin and: Skin [Dermatology]

connexins: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

Conn’s syndrome: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

conotruncal heart defects: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

consanguinity: Pedigrees [Genetics]

conscious defense mechanism: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

consciousness: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

consent. See decision-making capacity; informed consent

consolidation (lung): Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

67


constipation

drug-induced: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Opioids

[Psychiatry] hypercalcemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) feature: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

treatment: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

constrictive pericarditis: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

contact dermatitis: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]


continuous seizure: Seizures [Neurology]

contraceptives. See also oral contraceptives

cholestasis and: Bile [Gastroenterology]

liver tumors cause: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

minors and guidelines for dispensing: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

contractility, in cardiac output: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]





systolic heart failure and: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

contraction alkalosis: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]; Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

control groups, in clinical trials: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

conus arteriosus: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

conus medullaris syndrome: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

convergence: The Lens [Neurology]

conversion disorder (functional neurologic symptom disorder): Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

cookies: desserts [Food]

Cooley’s anemia: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]; Wilson’s Disease and

Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

COPI & COPII: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

copper

absorption disorders: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

collagen synthesis and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

electron transport chain and: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

free radical generation and: Free Radicals [Pathology]

metabolism: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Wilson’s Disease and


coprolalia: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

copy number variation: Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

cords of Billroth: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

Cori cycle: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycogen [Biochemistry]

Cori’s disease: Glycogen [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cornea

clouding: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

deposits: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Wilson’s Disease and


disorders of: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

lens function and: The Lens [Neurology]

scarring: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

corneal arcus: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

corneal reflex: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

corniculate cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

68


coronary aneurysms: Vasculitis [Immunology]

coronary arteries

anatomy of: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]


stents: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

territories of: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

thrombus of: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

coronary artery disease (CAD)


atrial fibrillation risk factor: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]



rheumatoid arthritis complication: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]


coronary steal: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

coronavirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

corporal aspiration: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

cor pulmonale. See right heart failure

corpus cavernosa: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

corpus luteal cyst: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

corpus luteum: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

anovulatory cycle and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

formation of: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

corpus spongiosus: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

correlation coefficient: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

correlations: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

cortical blindness: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

cortical bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

cortical cords: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

cortical necrosis: Placental Complications [Reproductive]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

cortical tubers: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

corticobulbar tract: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

corticospinal tract: Spinal Cord [Neurology]

ASA stroke and: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

Friedreich’s ataxia and: Cerebellum [Neurology]

loss of: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

pyramidal system: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG): Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

corticosteroids: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

amenorrhea cause: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]



Cushing’s syndrome and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

inflammatory bowel disease treatment: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

inflammatory myopathy treatment: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

keloid treatment: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

polyarteritis nodosa treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH): Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic

[Neurology] cortisol

adrenal crisis: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

adrenal insufficiency: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

69


Cushing’s Syndrome and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

deficiency disorders: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

effects of: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

excess disorders: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]



regulation of: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

17α-hydroxylase deficiency: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]


cortisol binding globulin: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


toxin of: Translation [Cell Biology]


Corynebacterium spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

coryza: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

costochondral junctions: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

cough

asthma feature: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

bronchiectasis symptom: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

chronic bronchitis feature: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


dry: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

emphysema feature: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


opioid suppression of: Opioids [Psychiatry]


councilman bodies: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

countertransference: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

Courvoisier’s sign: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

Cowdry A inclusions: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

cowpox: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

COX-2 inhibitors: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

Coxiella burnetii: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Coxsackievirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]



C-peptide: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

crackles: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

cranial fossa: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

cranial nerves: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

compression: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

fetal alcohol syndrome: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

lesions: Brainstem [Neurology]

schwannomas: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

spinal cord syndromes: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

olfactory nerve (CN I): Brainstem [Neurology]

optic nerve (CN II): Brainstem [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

oculomotor nerve (CN III). See oculomotor nerve

trochlear nerve (CN IV): Brainstem [Neurology]; Eye Movements [Neurology]

trigeminal nerve (CN V). See trigeminal nerve

abducens nerve (CN VI): Brainstem [Neurology]; Eye Movements [Neurology]; Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

facial nerve (CN VII). See facial nerve

70


vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Brainstem [Neurology]; Vestibular System

[Neurology] glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). See glossopharyngeal nerve

vagus nerve (CN X). See vagus nerve

accessory nerve (CN XI): Brainstem [Neurology]

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII): Brainstem [Neurology]

craniopharyngioma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus,

Limbic [Neurology]

craniotabes: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

C-reactive protein (CRP)

acute phase reactant: Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

complement system: Complement System [Immunology]

rheumatoid arthritis and: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

creatine: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

creatine kinase

Duchenne muscular dystrophy and: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

hypothyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

rhabdomyolysis: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

creatinine

acute renal failure diagnosis: Renal Failure [Renal]



creatinine clearance: Physiology II [Renal]

creatinine kinase: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

creeping fat: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

cremasteric muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

cremasteric reflex: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

crepitus: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN): Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

cretinism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

Creutzfeldt-Jakob encephalopathy: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

crew cut appearance (skull): Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

cribriform plate: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

cricoid cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

cricothyroid muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

cri-du-chat syndrome: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

Crigler-Najjar syndrome: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Crohn’s disease: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

bacterial overgrowth cause: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

bile salts reabsorption issues with: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

cobalamin deficiencies and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]


inflammatory bowel disease and: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]


Th1 response: T-cells [Immunology]

treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

cromolyn: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

cross-matching screen: Transplants [Immunology]

crossover studies: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

cross-sectional studies: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

71


croup (laryngotracheitis): Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

cruciate ligaments: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

cryoprecipitate: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

crypt abscesses: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

cryptococcal meningitis: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and: HIV [Infectious Disease]

opportunist infection: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

treatment: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

Cryptococcus neoformans: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

HIV CNS infection cause: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

stain: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Cryptococcus spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Addison’s disease cause: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

antibiotic coverage: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

cryptorchidism

complications: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

germ cell tumor risk factor: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

hypospadia and: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

Kallmann syndrome and: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

Klinefelter syndrome association: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

WAGR syndrome: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

Cryptosporidium spp.: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

biliary tract infection: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

hyper-IgM syndrome and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


crypts of Lieberkühn: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

crystal violet stain: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

C-section deliveries. See cesarean delivery

Cullen’s sign: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

culture of safety: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

cultures

bacterial: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

media for: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

cuneiform cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

Curling’s ulcer: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

“currant jelly” sputum: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

Curschmann’s spirals: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Cushing’s disease: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

Cushing’s syndrome and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

melanocyte stimulating hormone and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

Cushing’s syndrome: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

amenorrhea cause: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

antifungal drugs for: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]


renal cell carcinoma and: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

Cushing’s triad: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

cutaneous leishmaniasis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

cutaneous neurofibromas: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

cutaneous warts: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cyanide toxicity: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Hemoglobin

[Pulmonary] cyanotic congenital heart disease: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Lung Physical Exam

72


[Pulmonary] cyclic pelvic pain: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

cyclin-CDK complexes: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

cyclins: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2): Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology];

Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

cyclophosphamide: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) disease treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

as nitrogen mustard: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

polyarteritis nodosa treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]


transitional cell carcinoma risk factor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

vasculitis treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

cyclopia: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

cyclosporine

for aplastic anemia: Other Anemias [Hematology]

overview: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

for rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

side effects: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

cyclothymic disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

cyproheptadine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

cystathionine: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

cystathionine ß synthase deficiency: The Lens [Neurology]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

cysteine

metabolic disorders: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


structure of: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

cysticercosis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

as autosomal recessive disorder: Pedigrees [Genetics]

bile salts excretion with: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

bronchiectasis cause: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


chronic pancreatitis cause: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

deletion mutation and: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]



nail clubbing: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

pancreatic insufficiency and: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]


treatment: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR): Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

cystic hygroma: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

cystic kidney disease: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]

cystine stone: Kidney Stones [Renal]. See also kidney stones

cystinuria: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]. See also kidney stones

cystitis: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

cysts


ovary: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

protozoa stage: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

thyroglossal duct: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

73


cytarabine: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

cytidine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cytochrome A: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

cytochrome BC1: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

cytochrome C: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

cytochrome oxidase: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

cytochrome oxidase deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

cytochrome P-450 drugs: Seizures [Neurology]

cytochrome P-450 system: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

bile acid synthesis: Bile [Gastroenterology]

drug metabolism: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Free Radicals [Pathology]

enzyme synthesis for: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

ethanol metabolism: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

statins and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

cytokine release syndrome: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

cytokines

anemias of chronic disease and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

atherosclerosis and: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

class switching and: B-Cells [Immunology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR): Blood Groups [Hematology]

innate immunity and: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

janus kinases and: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

Leser-Trélat sign and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

minimal change disease and: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]


Shiga toxin and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

wound healing and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

cytokinesis: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

cytolysin: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

cytomegalovirus (CMV): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]



biliary tract infection: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

colitis: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]



Guillain-Barre syndrome cause: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]


maternal infection-fetal abnormalities: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

newborn deafness: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


retinitis: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]

treatment: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

cytosine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

cytosine deaminase: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

cytoskeleton: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

cytotoxic antibiotics: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

cytotoxins: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

cytotrophoblast: Placenta [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

D D2 receptor blockade: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

74


dabigatran: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Management of

TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

dacarbazine: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

dacryocytes: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

dactinomycin (actinomycin D): Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

dactylitis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

dalfopristin: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

danazol: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

Dandy Walker malformation: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses

[Neurology] dantrolene

malignant hyperthermia treatment: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology];

Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

neuroleptic malignant syndrome treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

dapagliflozin: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

dapsone

G6PD deficiency and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

HIV-associated pneumonia treatment: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

leprosy treatment: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

methemoglobinemia cause: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

PCP treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

toxicity: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

daptomycin: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

darbepoetin alfa: Other Anemias [Hematology]

data

bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

clinical trials: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

correlations: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

hypothesis testing: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

meta analyses: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

positive and negative predictive value: Positive and Negative Predictive Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

risk quantification: Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

statistics overview: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

study designs: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

tests of significance for: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

types of: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

daunorubicin: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

DCC gene: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

D-dimers: Coagulation [Hematology]


pulmonary embolism: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

dead space

with emphysema: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

inadequate gas exchange and: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

types of: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) and: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

deafness. See hearing loss and deafness

death receptors: Apoptosis [Pathology]

debranching enzyme deficiency: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

decerebrate posturing: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

decidua basalis: Placenta [Reproductive]

decision-making capacity: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]; Informed Consent [Behavioral

75


Science] decorticate posturing: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

decussation: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

deep (internal) inguinal ring: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

deep brain stimulation (DBS): Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

deep vein thrombosis

chronic oral anticoagulation for: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

formation: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

heparin for: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

hyperfibrinolysis and: Coagulation [Hematology]

oral contraceptive pills contraindication: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


pregnancy risk: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

prophylaxis: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

pulmonary embolism cause: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

quality measurements for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

raloxifene side effect: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

SERM side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

thrombus location: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

warfarin for: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

deer (disease vector): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

deer flies (disease vector): Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

defense mechanisms: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

deferasirox: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

deferiprone: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

deferoxamine: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

dehydration



kidney stone risk factor: Kidney Stones [Renal]


nephron physiology: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

osmotic laxative side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


dehydrogenases: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

coenzyme A and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

electron transport chain and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

dehydropeptidase: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

déjà: Seizures [Neurology]

delavirdine: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

delayed-type hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

delirium: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

acetylcholine antagonist effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

dementia vs.: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

psychosis and: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

treatment: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

visual hallucinations: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

delirium tremens: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

delta (d) receptor: Opioids [Psychiatry]

delta-delta formula (delta ratio): Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis

[Renal] deltoid muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

delusional disorder: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

76


delusions: Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

bipolar disorder feature: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

postpartum psychosis association: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

delusions of control: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

delusions of reference: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

demeclocycline


SIADH treatment: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

dementia: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]


delirium vs.: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

Hartnup disease: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


Huntington’s disease and: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]


neurosyphilis and: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

normal pressure hydrocephalus feature: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

demyelinating diseases: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Visual Fields

[Neurology] demyelinating radiculopathy: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

demyelination: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

dendritic cells


histiocytosis of: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]


types of: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

dendritic spines: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

Dengue fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

denial: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

denosumab: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

dense deposit disease: MPGN [Renal]

dental carries (cavities): Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

dental enamel: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

dental procedure prophylaxis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

dentate nucleus: Cerebellum [Neurology]

dentinogenesis imperfecta: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

dependent personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

depersonalization: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD): Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

depression


beta blocker side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


catecholamine metabolic disorder: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

dementia differential diagnosis: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]


dopamine levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

eating disorder association: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]


norepinephrine levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

schizoaffective disorder and: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

serotonin levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]


77



treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

treatment of: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

derealization: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

dermatan: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

dermatan sulfate: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

dermatitis


riboflavin deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


dermatitis herpetiformis: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

dermatomyositis: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

dermatophyte infections: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

dermis: Skin [Dermatology]

dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma): Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

Descemet’s membrane: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

desflurane: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

desipramine

enuresis treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

peripheral neuropathy treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

desirudin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

desmin: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

desmopressin

diabetes insipidus treatment: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

enuresis treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

hemophilia treatment: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

von Willebrand disease treatment: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

desmosomes

acantholysis and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

epithelial cell junction type: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

in stratum spinosum: Skin [Dermatology]

desvenlafaxine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

detemir: Insulin [Endocrinology]

detumescence: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

dexamethasone

Cushing’s syndrome diagnosis and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

overview: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

dextrocardia: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

diabetes insipidus

ADH loss and: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

defined: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

hypernatremia causes: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hypothalamic syndrome and: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]


thiazide diuretic use: Diuretics [Renal]

treatment: Lithium [Psychiatry]

diabetes mellitus

acanthosis nigricans and: Skin [Dermatology]

acromegaly and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

antihypertensive drug choice with: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


beta blocker caution with: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

carpal tunnel syndrome risk factor: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

78



complications: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

as coronary risk equivalent for sudden death: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

defined: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

diagnosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

Friedreich’s ataxia feature: Cerebellum [Neurology]

hemochromatosis feature: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

ketone production and: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

klebsiella infections: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

maternal. See maternal diabetes

necrotizing fasciitis association: Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

osteomyelitis and: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


pancreatic insufficiency finding: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

papillary necrosis cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


during pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

quality measurements for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

reactivation tuberculosis association: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

risk factors: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

signs and symptoms: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

steroid use and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

stroke risk factor: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

thiazide diuretics precaution: Diuretics [Renal]

treatment: Insulin [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

types: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

diabetes type 1



diabetes type 2

amylin deposits with: Amyloidosis [Hematology]



histology: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

insulin resistance mechanism: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

risk factors: Diabetes [Endocrinology]



diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): Diabetes [Endocrinology]

anion gap acidosis: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]


mucormycosis association: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Insulin [Endocrinology]

urinary ketones and: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

diabetic nephropathy: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

diabetic neuropathy: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

diabetic retinopathy: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; The Retina [Neurology]

diagnostic tests: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Sensitivity and Specificity

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] dialectical behavior therapy: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

dialysis-related amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

diaper rash: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

79


diaphoresis: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

diaphragm

anatomy: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

hernias and: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

innervation: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

diarrhea

acamprosate side effect: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]


adrenal insufficiency and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

antibiotic-induced: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

bacterial overgrowth: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

bloody: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

bloody diarrhea: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

carcinoid tumors and: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

celiac sprue symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

colchicine side effect: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


food poisoning: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]



hypomagnesemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]

infectious: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Other

Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

inflammatory bowel disease symptom: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

lactose intolerance symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]


magnesium hydroxide side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

malabsorption symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

opioid withdrawal: Opioids [Psychiatry]

osmotic: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

protease inhibitors side effect: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

rice-water: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

steatorrhea. See steatorrhea

topoisomerase inhibitor side effect: DNA drugs [Hematology]

toxins and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]


uric acid stone risk factor: Kidney Stones [Renal]

VIPomas: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

watery: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious

Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


diastole


physiology: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

valve disease: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

diastolic blood pressure (DBP): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise

[Cardiology] diastolic heart failure


heart sounds: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

80


pathophysiology: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Systolic and

Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

diazepam: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

diclofenac: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

dicloxacillin: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious

Disease] didanosine: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

dietary sodium: Kidney Stones [Renal]

diethylcarbamazine: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

diethylstilbestrol: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

diethylstilbestrol (DES): Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

differential culture media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

diffuse interstitial pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

diffuse parenchymal lung diseases: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[Immunology] diffuse scleroderma: Scleroderma [Immunology]

diffusing capacity in lung of carbon monoxide (DLC): Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO): Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

diffusion

limitations: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

rate of: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

digastric muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

DiGeorge syndrome (thymic aplasia)

classic triad: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology];

Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

genetics: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

immune issues: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

immunity symptoms: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

pathophysiology: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

digestive tract. See gastrointestinal tract

digital clubbing: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

digoxin




cardiac effects of: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]



therapeutic index of: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

toxicity: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

dihydrofolate: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

dihydrofolate reductase: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Pyrimidine

Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

dihydropyridines (nifedipine): Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

dihydrotestosterone (DHT): Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology] dihydrouridine: Translation [Cell Biology]

dihydroxyacetone phosphate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

dilated cardiomyopathy

81


hemochromatosis: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis

[Gastroenterology] systolic heart failure and: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

diltiazem: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]





hypertension treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

secondary hypertension treatment: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

uses: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

dilutional anemia: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

dimenhydrinate: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

dimercaprol: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

dimethyl fumarate: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

diphenhydramine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

diphtheria: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

diphtheria toxin: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] diphtheria toxoid: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

diphtheria vaccine: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

diplococci bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

diplopia: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Eye Movements [Neurology]

botulism symptoms: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


myasthenia gravis feature: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

dipyridamole: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

direct Coombs test: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

direct observation therapy (DOT): Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

direct thrombin inhibitors: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

discoid lesions: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED): Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

disinhibition: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

disorganized thought: Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

disorientation: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

displacement: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD): Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

disseminated candidiasis: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

disseminated intravascular coagulation: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Hypertension in Pregnancy

[Reproductive]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Placental Complications

[Reproductive] dissociation: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

dissociation curves: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

dissociative amnesia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

dissociative disorders: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

dissociative fugue: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

dissociative identity disorder: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

distal renal tubular acidosis: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

distal tubule: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

82


distributive justice: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

distributive shock: Shock [Cardiology]

disulfiram: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

disulfiram-like reaction: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

disulfiram reaction: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

diuretics: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]

action of: Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]



ascites treatment: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

gout attacks and: Gout [Musculoskeletal]


Meniere’s disease treatment: Vestibular System [Neurology]


potassium-sparing: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

primary aldosteronism treatment: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

urinary chloride and: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

urinary osmolality: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

diverticulitis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

dizygotic twins (fraternal twins): Twins [Reproductive]

DMPK gene mutation: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

DNA

amplification with PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]


base pairing: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

cell division and: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

free radicals and: Free Radicals [Pathology]

of hepatitis B: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

mitochondrial: Pedigrees [Genetics]

mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

overview: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

plasmids: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

replication: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

Southern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

Southwestern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

structure: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]

synthesis: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Embryogenesis

[Reproductive]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

transcription of: Transcription [Cell Biology]

types of: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

DNA drugs: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA Drugs [Hematology]

DNA ligase: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

DNA polymerases: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]; Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

base excision repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

inhibition of: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

nucleotide excision repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

DNA viruses: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious

Disease] dobutamine

action of: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]



83




docetaxel: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

docusate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

dofetilide: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

dogs (disease vectors): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

dolor (pain): Inflammation [Pathology]

dominant gene/allele: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

donepezil: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

“do no harm”: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

Do Not Intubate (DNI): Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR): Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

DOPA decarboxylase: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

dopamine

action of: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

actions of: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]


adrenergic synapses: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]


depression and levels of: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

function of: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]


PCP’s effect on: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

prolactin regulation by: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

renal effects: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

schizophrenia pathology: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

stimulants effect on: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

synthesis of: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

Tourette syndrome and: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

tyrosine and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

dopamine agonists

Parkinson’s disease treatment: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]


dopamine antagonists: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

dopamine blockade: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

dopamine receptor antagonists: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

doripenem: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

dorsal column: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Spinal Cord [Neurology]

dorsal mesentery: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

dorsal roots: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

dorsal spinal columns: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

dosage calculations: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

dose-response: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

double-blind studies: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

double bubble sign: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

double uterus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

double Y males: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

Down syndrome: Down Syndrome [Genetics]

acute lymphoblastic leukemia association: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

Alzheimer’s disease risk factor: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

atrial septal defect (ASD) and: Shunts [Cardiology]

cystic hygroma and: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

decision-making capacity: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

84


endocardial cushions defects: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

gastrointestinal congenital anomalies associated with: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

Hirschsprung’s disease and: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


mitral regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

omphalocele and: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

renal congenital anomalies: Renal Embryology [Renal]

doxazosin: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

doxepin: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

doxorubicin

as antitumor antibiotics: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

cardiomyopathy from: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]


doxycycline



brucellosis treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Chlamydia spp. infection treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

chlamydia treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Leptospira interrogans infection treatment: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Lyme disease treatment: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


zoonotic infection treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

DPP-4 inhibitors (dipeptidyl peptidase 4): Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Dressler’s syndrome

ischemic complications and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


dronabinol: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

droplet precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

drug addiction


nicotine addition: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

nucleus accumbens and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

opioids: Opioids [Psychiatry]

tricuspid regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

drug clearance: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

drug-eluting stents (DES): Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

drug-induced lupus: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

causes of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

isoniazid: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

drug-induced Parkinsonism: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]


drugs. See also drug addiction

administration: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

antibiotics. See antibiotics; specific antibiotics

antifungal: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]. See also specific antifungal drugs

antiviral: Antiviral Drugs [Infectious Disease]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]. See also specific drugs

for autonomic nervous system: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; ANS Drugs: Norepinephrine

[Neurology] dosage: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]



85


gastrointestinal disorders: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

lipid drugs. See lipid drugs

metabolism of: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Free

Radicals [Pathology]

microtubule: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

new drug approvals: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

overdose: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]


reconciliation of medication: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]


teratogen categories: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

urine pH and: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

dry cough

ACE inhibitor side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

helminths infection: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

psittacosis: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

dry eyes



dry gangrene: Necrosis [Pathology]

dry macular degeneration: The Retina [Neurology]

dry mouth


Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) feature: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

mirtazapine side effect: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]


D-transposition of great vessels: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

Dubin-Johnson syndrome: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

ductal cells: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

ductal epithelial cells: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

ductus arteriosus: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]; Maternal-Fetal

Disorders [Reproductive]; Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

ductus venosus: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

Duffy antigen: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

duloxetine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

duodenal atresia: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Maternal-Fetal


duodenal ulcers: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal

Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

duodenum

anatomy: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

disorders: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

histology: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

hormone secretion: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

tumors: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

duplex collecting system: Renal Embryology [Renal]

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPAHC): Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

dural sinuses: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

duty to warn and protect: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

dwarfism: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

D-xylose test: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

86


dynein: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Obstructive Lung Disease

[Pulmonary] dysarthria: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders

[Neurology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

dyschezia: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

dysdiadochokinesia: Cerebellum [Neurology]

dysentery: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Protozoa [Infectious

Disease] dysgammaglobulinemia: Cerebellum [Neurology]

dysgerminoma: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

dyshormonogenesis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

dyslipidemia: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]; Renal Failure [Renal]

dysmenorrhea: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

dysmetria: Cerebellum [Neurology]

dysmorphic features: Down syndrome [Genetics]

dysostosis multiplex: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

dyspareunia: Endometriosis [Reproductive]; Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

dyspepsia

causes: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastritis symptom: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

dysphagia

achalasia presentation: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

botulism symptoms: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


eosinophilic esophagitis presentation: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

esophageal cancer presentation: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

esophageal disorders and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]



Schatzki ring and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Zenker’s diverticulum and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

dysphasia: Seizures [Neurology]

dysphonia: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

dysplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

dysplasia tumors: Neoplasia [Pathology]

dyspnea


atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

cardiac ischemia symptom: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

causes: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]




idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

pneumothorax: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

pulmonary function tests for diagnosis: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

pulmonary hypertension feature: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]


ticagrelor side effect: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

dyssynergia: Cerebellum [Neurology]

dysthymic disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

dystonia

haloperidol side effect: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

87


metoclopramide side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


dystrophic calcification: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

dystrophin gene mutations: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

dysuria: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]

E E2F proteins: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

ear: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

eastern/western equine encephalitis: Meningitis [Neurology]

eating disorders: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

Eaton's agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

Ebola: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Ebstein’s anomaly: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Lithium [Psychiatry]; Teratogens I

[Reproductive]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

E-cadherin: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

echinocandins: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

Echinococcus granulosus: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Echinococcus spp.: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

echovirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

eclampsia: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Seizures [Neurology]

ecstasy (MDMA): Other Drugs [Psychiatry]


ecthyma gangrenosum: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

ectoderm: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive];

Neuroembryology [Neurology]

milk lines: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

neuroembryology: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

pharyngeal clefts: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

ectopia lentis: The Lens [Neurology]

ectopic ACTH: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

ectopic pregnancy

abortion agent: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

flank hemorrhage: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

gonorrhea and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

location: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

primary ciliary dyskinesia and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

termination of: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

ectopic thyroid: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

eculizumab: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

eczema

asthma association: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


spongiosis and: Skin [Dermatology]

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

edema



defined: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

drug-induced: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; Treatment of Diabetes

[Endocrinology] during fasting/starvation: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


88


loop diuretics for: Diuretics [Renal]

preeclampsia feature: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

protein malabsorption and: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

of retina: The Retina [Neurology]

edema factor: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

edema toxin: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Edinger-Westphal nucleus: The Pupil [Neurology]

edrophonium: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

action of: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

myasthenia gravis treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders

[Musculoskeletal] Edward syndrome (trisomy 18): Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Neuroembryology

[Neurology]; Trisomies [Genetics]

efavirenz: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]


effect modification: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

efferent arterioles: Physiology I [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

efficacy (drug): Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

effusion (lungs): Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

eggshell calcifications, of lymph nodes: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

ego defenses: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

egodystonic behaviors: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

egophony: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

egosyntonic behaviors: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Connective Tissue

[Cell Biology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

Ehrlichia spp.: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


ehrlichiosis: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

eicosanoids: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

antiplatelet activity of: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

asthma treatment: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]


type I hypersensitivity mediator: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

Eisenmenger’s syndrome: Shunts [Cardiology]

ejaculatory ducts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

ejection fraction (EF): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology];

Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

ejection murmur: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

EKG readings: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


atrial flutter: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


basics of: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

bundle branch blocks: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

cardiac anatomy: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

electrical activity: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

heart rate determination: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


hypokalemia: Electrolytes [Renal]

ischemic changes: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT): AVNRT [Cardiology]

for post-stroke management: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

89


principles of: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

PR interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


QRS axis determination: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

QRS interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

Qt interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

reading high yield EKGS: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]


seizure workup: Seizures [Neurology]

for stable angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

Torsade de Pointes: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


ventricular tachycardia: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

wave types: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

elastase

action of: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

α1-anti-trypsin deficiency and: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


elastic arteries: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

elastin


Williams syndrome and: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

elastin synthesis: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

elbow: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

electrical cardioversion: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

electrochemical gradient: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

electroencephalogram (EEG)

delirium diagnosis: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

seizure workup: Seizures [Neurology]

electrolytes: Electrolytes [Renal]


rhabdomyolysis treatment: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

salivary glands and: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

electron transport chain (ETC): Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]



complexes I-V: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

cyanide poisoning and: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

fumarate and: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

inhibitors of: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

NAD+ and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

riboflavin and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


uncoupling of: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

electrophoresis: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

Elek test: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

elementary bodies: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

elephantiasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

11ß-hydroxylase deficiency: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

elfin facial appearance: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

90


elimination constant (Ke): Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay): ELISA [Cell Biology]; HIV [Infectious Disease]

elongation (protein synthesis): Translation [Cell Biology]

elongation factors: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] emancipated minors: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]; Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

embolic stroke: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

embolism

amniotic fluid: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]


cardiac: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


fat: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

mesenteric ischemia and: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]


shock and: Shock [Cardiology]

varicocele treatment: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

vision loss and: Visual Fields [Neurology]

embryogenesis: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

embryology

cardiac: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

cleft lip and palate: Cleft Lip and Palate [Reproductive]

embryogenesis: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

embryonic genes: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

gastrointestinal: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

genital: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

germ layers: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

hCG synthesis by: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

neuroembryology: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

pharyngeal apparatus: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

pharyngeal arches: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

pharyngeal pouches and clefts: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

pulmonary: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

renal: Renal Embryology [Renal]

teratogens: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

thyroid: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

embryonal carcinoma: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

embryonic age: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

embryonic genes: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

embryonic period: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

embryonic stem cells: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

embryonic vessels: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

embryopathy: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

emergence reactions: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

emergency care: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]; Public Health [Behavioral Science]

emotional abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

emotional patients: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

emotions: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

emphysema: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

α1-anti-trypsin deficiency and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

causes: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

low DLCO conditions from: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

91



percussion of: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

rate of diffusion with: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

empty/full can tests: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

empty sella syndrome: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

enalapril: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

encapsulated bacteria

IgG antibodies and: B-Cells [Immunology]

inherited C3 deficiency and recurrent infections: Complement System [Immunology]

splenic dysfunction and: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

encephalitis

herpes simplex virus: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

HIV and: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

Klüver-Bucy syndrome and: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

measles complication: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

meningitis feature: Meningitis [Neurology]


RNA viruses and: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


varicella zoster virus and: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

encephalitis viruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

encephalocele: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

encephalopathy

alkylating agent side effect: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

antimetabolite side effects: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

causes of: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

demyelinating diseases and: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]



ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

primary systemic carnitine deficiency: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]


Reye’s syndrome and: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

slow onset of: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

end diastolic volume (EDV): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise

[Cardiology] endemic typhus: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

endoarteritis: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

endocardial cushions: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

atrial septal defect (ASD) and: Shunts [Cardiology]

defects: Down syndrome [Genetics]


endocardial fibroelastosis: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

endocarditis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]


Aspergillus spp.: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

Bartonella henselae: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

causes: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

coarctation of the aorta complication: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

complications: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

culture negative: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

diagnosis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

echocardiogram: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

92


empirical treatment of: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

Enterococci spp.: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


prophylaxis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

pulmonary regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

signs and symptoms: Endocarditis [Cardiology]



treatment: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[Infectious Disease] tricuspid regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

endocarditis stigmata: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

endochondral ossification: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

endochondromas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

endocrine pancreas: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

endocrinology: MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) syndromes; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]. See also

adrenal glands; MEN syndromes; pancreas; parathyroid glands; pituitary gland; reproductive hormones; thyroid

gland; specific hormones

endoderm: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Germ Layers

[Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

endodermal sinus tumor: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

endogenous bile acids: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

endometrial biopsy: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

endometrial cancer: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) association: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]


tamoxifen and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

endometrial carcinoma: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

granulosa cell tumor association: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

vimentin and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

endometrial disorders: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

endometrial hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal


endometrial polyps: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

endometrioid tumors: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

endometriosis and endometrial disorders: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Endometrial Disorders

[Reproductive]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]

endometritis: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

endometrium

fibrosis: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

hyperplasia as tamoxifen side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

uterine cycle and: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

endomysium: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

endonucleases: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]

endophthalmitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

endoplasmic reticulum: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


drug metabolism and: Free Radicals [Pathology]

injury of: Cell Injury [Pathology]

endorphins: Opioids [Psychiatry]

endosomes and endocytosis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

endothelial cells: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Nephritic Syndrome

[Renal]

93


endothelial derived relaxing factor (EDRF): Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

endothelins: Coagulation [Hematology]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

endotoxin A: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

endotoxins: Virulence [Infectious Disease]




endovascular coiling: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

end-stage kidney disease: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

end systolic volume (ESV): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

enflurane: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

enfuvirtide: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

enoxaparin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

enriched culture media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

entacapone: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

Entamoeba histolytica: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

liver abscesses and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

enteric nervous system: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

Enterobacter spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

antibiotics coverage: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

biliary tree infection: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

enterochromaffin-like cells: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Secretions

[Gastroenterology] enterococcus: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

antibiotics coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]



pancreatic abscess: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

Enterococcus faecalis: Urinary Infections [Renal]

enterocytes: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

iron metabolism and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


vitamin absorption by: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC): Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

enterokinase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC): Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL): Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC): Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

enterotoxins: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

enteroviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]



enthesitis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

enuresis: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]

enuresis alarms: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

enveloped viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

env gene: HIV [Infectious Disease]

environmental antigens: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

enzymes

free radical inactivation: Free Radicals [Pathology]

94


inhibitors: Enzyme Inhibitors [Basic Pharmacology]

pancreatic: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

reactions: Enzyme Inhibitors [Basic Pharmacology]; Enzymes [Basic Pharmacology]

eosin-methylene blue agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

eosinophilia

causes: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

helminth infection feature: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

eosinophilic esophagitis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

eosinophilic granuloma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

eosinophils

antibody mediation of: B-Cells [Immunology]



ependymoma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]

epiblast and epiblast cells: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive];

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

epicanthal folds: Down syndrome [Genetics]

epidemic typhus: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

epidemiology: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Diagnostic Tests

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Positive and Negative Predictive Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Risk

Qualification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study

Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

epidermal aggregates (Pautrier microabscesses): Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

epidermal growth factor (EGF): Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

epidermal layers: Skin [Dermatology]

epidermis


melanocytes in: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

telomerases in: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

Epidermophyton spp.: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

epididymal cyst: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

epididymis: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

epidural hematoma: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

epigenetics: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Imprinting [Genetics]

epiglottitis: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

epilepsy: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Seizures [Neurology]

epinephrine



anaphylaxis treatment: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

beta blockers’ effect on: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]









hormone sensitive lipase activation by: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]


with local anesthesia: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]


95


reversal: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]





epiphyseal growth plate: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

bone disorders of: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

osteochondromas and: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

epiphyseal widening: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

epiphysis: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

epiploic foramen (Omental, Winslow’s): Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

epirubicin: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

episcleritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

epispadia: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

epithelial cell junctions: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

epithelial cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

carcinomas of: Neoplasia [Pathology]




keratin and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

renal: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

of tubules: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

types of: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

epithelial dysplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

epithelial hyperplasia: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

epithelial metaplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

epithelial regeneration: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

epithelial tumors: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

epithelioid macrophages: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; Necrosis [Pathology]

epithelium

breast: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]


function: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]


ovary: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

eplerenone: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]; Male Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

Epley maneuver: Vestibular System [Neurology]

Epoetin alfa: Other Anemias [Hematology]

epoxide reductase: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

Burkitt’s lymphoma association: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]


Hodgkin lymphoma risk factor: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

pharyngitis: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

eptifibatide: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

equal pressure point (lungs): Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

equine encephalitis: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Erb’s palsy (upper plexus injury): Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

erectile dysfunction: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

drug-induced: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

hemoglobinuria and: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

96


Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

erection (tumescence): Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

ergonovine: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

ergosterol synthesis: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ergotamine: Headaches [Neurology]

erlotinib: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

erosions

gastric: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal

Tract [Gastroenterology]

skin: Skin [Dermatology]

erotomaniac delusions: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

errors

analysis of: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

diagnostic tests and: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

medical errors: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

standard error of the mean (SEM): Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

statistical errors: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

ertapenem: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

erysipelas: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

erythema chronicum migrans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

erythema infectiosum: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

erythema marginatum: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

erythema multiforme: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

erythema nodosum: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]



erythrocyte protoporphyrin level: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

erythrocytes: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]


for vasculitis disorders: Vasculitis [Immunology]

erythrocytosis: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

erythrodermic psoriasis: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

erythrogenic toxin: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

erythroid hyperplasia: Thalassemias [Hematology]

erythromycin





gastroparesis treatment: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

neonatal conjunctivitis treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Structural Eye Disorders

[Neurology] theophylline interaction with: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

erythroplasia of Queyrat: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

erythropoiesis: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

Cooley’s anemia and: Thalassemias [Hematology]

parvovirus and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

erythropoietin (EPO): Other Anemias [Hematology]

high altitude and: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]


erythropoietin injections: Other Anemias [Hematology]

97


escape rhythm: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

eschars: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

Escherichia coli


antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam

Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]




hemolytic uremic syndrome cause: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]





Quellung reaction: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

structures: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

urinary infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

virulence of: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

esmolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

esomeprazole



esophageal atresia: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

esophageal cancer: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


treatment: DNA drugs [Hematology]

esophageal disorders: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

esophageal dysmotility: Scleroderma [Immunology]

esophageal hiatus: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

esophageal sphincter: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

esophageal varices: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

esophageal webs and rings: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

esophagitis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

esophagus

cancer of: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

disorders of: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


metaplasia of: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

essential amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

branched chain: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

essential thrombocytosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

drugs for treating: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

gout and: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

treatment: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

essential tremor: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

esters: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

estradiol: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

effects of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

menopause and: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

menstrual cycle and: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

estriol (uE3): Down syndrome [Genetics]

estrogen agonists: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

98


estrogen-dependent hyperplasia: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

estrogen-independent hyperplasia: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

estrogen receptor positivity (ER+): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

estrogens: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

amplification of: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

bone effects of: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

breast tissue effects: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

cholesterol gallstones risk factor: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

cirrhosis and levels of: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

coagulation factor regulation: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

endometrium and: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

genital embryology: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

growth spurts: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

osteoporosis and: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]



stromal tumors and: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

synthesis of: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels and: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

Turner syndrome treatment: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]


estrone: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

estropia: Eye Movements [Neurology]

eszopiclone: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

etanercept: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

reactivation tuberculosis occurrence with: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

ethacrynic acid: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]

ethambutol

action of: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) treatment: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

tuberculosis treatment: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

ethanol metabolism: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Ketone Bodies

[Biochemistry]. See also alcohol use and abuse

ethics: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

ethosuximide: Seizures [Neurology]

ethylene glycol: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Kidney Stones [Renal]; Renal Failure [Renal]

ethylene glycol ingestion: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

etomidate: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]; Neurotransmitters

[Neurology] etoposide: DNA drugs [Hematology]

euchromatin: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

eukaryotes: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

characteristics of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

DNA polymerases: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

protein synthesis in: Transcription [Cell Biology]

translation in: Translation [Cell Biology]

euphoria: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

eustachian tube: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

euthyroid sick syndrome: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

euvolemia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

euvolemic hyponatremia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

everolimus: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

99


evolocumab: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

Ewing sarcoma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]


excitation-contraction coupling: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

exemestane: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

exenatide

acute pancreatitis cause: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

diabetes treatment: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

exercise: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


breathing during: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

bulimia and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]


fibromyalgia treatment: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

physiology: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Cardiovascular

Response to Exercise [Cardiology]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

rhabdomyolysis and: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

Starling curve shifts: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

exertional angina: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

exfoliatin: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

exocrine pancreas: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

exocytosis: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

exons: Transcription [Cell Biology]

exonuclease activity: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

exophthalmos (bulging eyes): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

exostoses: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

exostosis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

exotoxins: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

expiratory reserve volume: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

exposure therapy: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

“expressive” aphasia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

exstrophy: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

extended spectrum beta lactamase: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

extensor carpi radialis longus muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

extensor carpi ulnaris muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

extensor digitorum longus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

extensor hallucis longus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

external anal sphincter: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

external auditory meatus: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

external hemorrhoids: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

external inguinal ring: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

external oblique muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

external rotation, of hip: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

external urethral sphincter: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

extinction, of behavior: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

extracellular fluid: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) panel: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

extragonadal germ cell tumors: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

extrahepatic cholestasis: Bile [Gastroenterology]

extramedullary hematopoiesis: Thalassemias [Hematology]

100


blueberry muffin baby feature: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

Cooley’s anemia and: Thalassemias [Hematology]


with primary myelofibrosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

extrapyramidal system: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Gastrointestinal


extravascular hemolysis: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Hemolysis Basics

[Hematology]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

extrinsic apoptosis pathway: Apoptosis [Pathology]

extrinsic hand muscles: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

extrinsic hemolysis: Extrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

exudate: Inflammation [Pathology]

exudative effusion: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

eye movements: Eye Movements [Neurology]

cranial nerve function: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

eye movement palsies: Eye Movements [Neurology]

frontal eye fields: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

gaze palsies: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

vestibular system and: Vestibular System [Neurology]

eye muscles: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

eyes: Glaucoma [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]

anatomy: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]


cavernous sinus syndrome and: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]


conjunctival suffusion: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

cranial nerve deficit: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

disorders of: Glaucoma [Neurology]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

loiasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]


movements of. See eye movements

myasthenia gravis and: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

neuromuscular disorders of: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Patau syndrome abnormalities: Trisomies [Genetics]


sarcoidosis and: Sarcoidosis [Pulmonary]

structures of: The Lens [Neurology]; The Pupil [Neurology]

visual fields: Visual Fields [Neurology]

ezetimibe: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

F F (fusion) protein: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Fabry’s disease: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison


face

abnormalities: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

growth deficiencies and: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

Treacher Collins syndrome and: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

facet joint arthritis: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

facial motor nucleus pons: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

facial nerve (CN VII)

deficits: Brainstem [Neurology]

101



function: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

palsy, Lyme disease: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

facial nucleus



facial numbness: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

facial plethora: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

facies

“chipmunk”: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

rounded: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

factitious diarrhea: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

factitious disorders: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

factor H: Complement System [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

factor IV: Coagulation [Hematology]

factor IX: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

factor V and Va: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Other Gram Negatives

[Infectious Disease] factor VII and VIIa: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]

factor VIII and VIIIa: Coagulation [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Activation

[Hematology] factor V Leiden mutation: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

factor Xa inhibitors: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

factor X and Xa: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Other Gram Negatives

[Infectious Disease]; Porphyrias [Hematology]

factor XI and XI a: Coagulation [Hematology]

factor XII: Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

factor XIII: Coagulation [Hematology]

facultative anaerobes: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

facultative intracellular bacteria: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]



tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

FADH (flavin adenine dinucleotide): TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

failure mode and effects analysis: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

failure-to-thrive condition



hereditary fructose intolerance and: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

inborn errors of metabolism disorders causing: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

pyruvate carboxylase deficiency and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

falciform ligament: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

fallopian tubes

17-a hydroxylase deficiency and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

ectopic pregnancy: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]



false positives and negatives: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

false pregnancy: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

famciclovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

herpes treatment: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


familial adenomatous polyposis: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Genetic

102


Principles [Genetics]

familial amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

familial breast cancer: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

familial cancer syndromes: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

familial dysbetalipoproteinemia: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

familial dyslipidemias: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

familial hypercholesterolemia: Pedigrees [Genetics]

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

familial Mediterranean fever: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

familial non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

familial retinoblastomas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

family guidelines

organ donation: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

during patient encounters: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

physicians’ families medical care: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

famotidine




Fanconi anemia: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]; Transplants [Immunology]

Fanconi syndrome


ifosfamide side effect: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

renal tubular acidosis association: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

tenofovir side effect: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

farmer’s lung: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

fasciculation: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

Fas-ligand: Apoptosis [Pathology]

Fas ligand: T-cells [Immunology]

fastidious bacteria: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

fastigial nuclei: Cerebellum [Neurology]

fasting and starvation: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

acute intermittent porphyria trigger: Porphyrias [Hematology]


eating disorders: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

glycogen storage diseases and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hypoketotic hypoglycemia: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]



Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (MACD) deficiency: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

migraine trigger: Headaches [Neurology]


urinary ketones and: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

fasting blood glucose level: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

fasting hypoglycemia

differential diagnosis: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]


fast-twitch (white) fibers: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

fat embolism: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

fatigue


drug-induced: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

103


primary biliary cirrhosis feature: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

primary sclerosing cholangitis feature: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

fat malabsorption

causes of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]


pancreatic insufficiency finding: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]


fat necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

of breasts: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

pancreatic: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

fat soluble vitamins: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

absorption of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]


fatty acids: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

absorption: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

accumulation: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

breakdown: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

cholecystokinin regulation by: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]


inborn errors of metabolism disorders: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

insulin and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


liver infiltration: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

metabolism: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of

Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

oxidation of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

PIK3 pathway and (synthesis of): Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

ß-oxidation and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

storage: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

synthesis: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]. See also fatty acid synthesis

types of: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

fatty acid synthase


fatty acid synthesis and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

fatty acid synthesis

biotin and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

citrate synthesis and: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]



insulin and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Insulin [Endocrinology]

NADPH and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

fatty acyl CoA: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

fatty casts: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

fatty change (cell injury): Cell Injury [Pathology]

fatty liver: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Free Radicals [Pathology]

fatty streaks: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

fava beans, and G6PD deficiency: Free Radicals [Pathology]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis

[Hematology] febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR): Blood Groups [Hematology]

febrile seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

febuxostat

gout prophylaxis: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

xanthine oxidase inhibition by: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

104


fecal fat test: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

fecaliths: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

fecal occult blood testing: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

federal regulations

abuse reporting guidelines: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

on duty to warn and protect: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

on reportable illnesses: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

fed state: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

galactosemia and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hereditary fructose intolerance and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]


fee for service: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

felodipine: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

Felty syndrome: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

female reproductive system

development disorders: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

embryology: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

female genitalia: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

hormones of: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

menstrual cycle: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]. See also menstrual cycle

normal flora of genital tract: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

femoral hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

femoral nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

femoral nerve block: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

femoral ring and canal: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

femoral sheath: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

femoral triangle: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

femoral vessels: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

femur: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Knee [Musculoskeletal]

avascular necrosis and: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

hip fractures: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]


pathological fractures: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs

[Musculoskeletal] fenofibrate: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

fenoldopam: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

fentanyl: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

fermentation: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

ferritin: Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

anemia of chronic disease and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

defined: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]


ferrochelatase: Porphyrias [Hematology]

ferroportin: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

ferruginous (asbestos) body: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

fertilization: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

location: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

meiosis and: Meiosis [Genetics]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

congenital heart defects and: Shunts [Cardiology]

features of: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

105


holoprosencephaly association: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

fetus

anemias: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

aneuploidy: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

anomalies: Placenta [Reproductive]

chromosomal abnormalities: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Trisomies

[Genetics] circulation: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

development: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

hemoglobin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

Hgb Barts in: Thalassemias [Hematology]

lung maturity and respiration: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

maternal antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]

maternal-fetal disorders: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]; Maternal-fetal disorders [Reproductive]; Maternal-

Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

teratogens: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

testosterone effects on: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

warfarin syndrome: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

fever


endotoxins and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

malaria feature: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

mediators of: Inflammation [Pathology]

meningitis feature: Meningitis [Neurology]

neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptom: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

Plasmodium spp. infection: Malaria [Infectious Disease]


recurring: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]


seizure cause: Seizures [Neurology]

septic arthritis feature: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

visceral leishmaniasis feature: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

fibrates

for elevated triglyceride levels: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


fibrillin: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

fibrin: Coagulation [Hematology]

fibrinogen: Coagulation [Hematology]

cryoprecipitate as source of: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation, destruction by: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


nephritic syndrome feature: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]


pregnancy production of: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

fibrinoid necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

polyarteritis nodosa and: Vasculitis [Immunology]

preeclampsia and: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

fibrinolysis: Coagulation [Hematology]

fibrinous pericarditis: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

fibroadenoma: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

fibroblast growth factor (FGF): Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3): Bone [Musculoskeletal]

fibroblast growth factors (FGF): Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

106


fibroblasts: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

bone tumors and: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]


scar formation and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

scleroderma and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Scleroderma [Immunology]

fibrocystic breast changes: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

fibromas: Neoplasia [Pathology]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

fibromuscular dysplasia: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

fibromyalgia: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

fibronectin: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

fibrosis

biliary tree: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

breasts: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

chronic interstitial nephritis feature: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

dead space cause: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

endometrium: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

GERD sequela: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

A-a gradient and: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

lung: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]



fibrothecoma: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

fibrous dysplasia: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

fibula: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

fibularis longus and brevis: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

Fick equation: Shock [Cardiology]

fifth disease: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

filamentous bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

filoviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

filtration fraction: Physiology I [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]

fimbria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

fimbriae: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

financial disclosure guidelines, for research: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

finasteride: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Prostate [Reproductive]

fingers: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

osteitis fibrosa cystica of: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

osteoarthritis of: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

first arch syndrome: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

first degree burns: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

first intention wound healing: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

first metatarsophalangeal joint: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

first order elimination: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

first pass metabolism: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

first pharyngeal arch: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

first pharyngeal pouch: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization): Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

fish, helminth infections and: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

fish oil: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

fissures: Skin [Dermatology]

fistula esophagus: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

5α-reductase: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

5α-reductase deficiency: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology

107


[Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

5α-reductase inhibitors: Prostate [Reproductive]

5-ASA (mesalamine): Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

5-fluorouracil (5-FU): Antimetabolites [Hematology]

flucytosine and: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

keloid treatment: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

megaloblastic anemia and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

megaloblastic anemias and: Other Anemias [Hematology]

for pyrimidine metabolic disorders: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

5-HT. See serotonin

5-HT2 and HT3 receptor blockers: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

5-HT3 receptor antagonists: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

5-HT antagonist: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)

carcinoid syndrome and: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

serotonin metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

5-hydroxytryptophan: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP): Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism

[Biochemistry] fixation: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

flaccid paralysis: Nerve Damage [Neurology]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Spinal Cord

Syndromes [Neurology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

flaccid paralysis tongue: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

flaccid penis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

flagella: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

flagellate erythema: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

flagellum: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

flank hemorrhage: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

flat bones: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

flat face: Renal Embryology [Renal]

flatworms: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

flavin mononucleotide (FMN): B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

flaviviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

fleas (disease vector): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

flecainide: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

flexor carpi radialis muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

flexor digiti minimi brevis: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

flexor digitorum longus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

flexor digitorum profundus: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

flexor hallucis longus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

flexor pollicis brevis: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

flight of ideas: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

flocculonodular lobe: Cerebellum [Neurology]

flow cytometry: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

flow equations: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Shock [Cardiology]

flow volume loop: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

fluconazole



cryptococcal meningitis treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

fungal CNS infection treatment: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

fungal pneumonia treatment: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

108


flucytosine: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

fludrocortisone: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

“fluent” aphasias: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

fluid compartments: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]; Physiology I [Renal]

fluid volume, determining: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

flukes (trematodes): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

flumazenil: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; General Anesthesia [Neurology]

fluorescent spot test: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS): Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

fluoroacetate: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

fluorochrome: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]

fluoroquinolones

absorption: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


for COPD: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

for Legionella: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]


typhoid fever treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

urinary infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

fluphenazine

hyperprolactinemia and: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]


uses: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

flushing


adenosine and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

carcinoid tumors and: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

chlorpropamide side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

desmopressin side effect: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

echinocandins side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ethanol metabolism and: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

niacin and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

opioid effect: Opioids [Psychiatry]

phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors side effect: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

rosacea and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

flutamide: Prostate [Reproductive]

fluticasone: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

fluvastatin: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

FMR1 gene: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

foam cells: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases

[Biochemistry] foamy macrophages: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

folate (B9): Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]. See also folate deficiency

compounds of: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

hypercoagulability and: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

methionine regeneration: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]


supplementation: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]; Public Health [Behavioral Science]

synthesis: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

tyrosine metabolism: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

folate deficiency: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

homocysteine metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

109


hypercoagulability risk: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

megaloblastic anemias cause: Other Anemias [Hematology]

red cell distribution width in: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

tropical sprue association: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

folic acid

action of: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

neural tube defects: Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

Wernicke triad treatment: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

folie a deux: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

follicles, of spleen: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

amenorrhea: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

deficiency: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

granulosa cells and: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]




for spermatogenesis: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

[Reproductive] synthesis: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

follicular adenoma: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

follicular carcinoma: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

follicular cells: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

follicular cysts: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

follicular lymphoma: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

follicular thyroid carcinoma: Neoplasia [Pathology]

fomepizole: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

food poisoning

Bacillus cereus: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium perfringens: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


Vibrio spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

FOOSH injury: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

foot drop: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

foot exams (diabetic): Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

foramen cecum: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

foramen of Monro: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

foramen ovale

atrial septal defect (ASD): Shunts [Cardiology]

at birth: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

fetal circulation: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

patent foramen ovale (PFO): Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

persistent fetal circulation: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

forced exhalation: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

forebrain: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

foregut: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

foreign body: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

foreign objects: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

formoterol: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

fornix: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

forward (heart) failure: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

foscarnet: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

110


action of: Electrolytes [Renal]

adverse effects: Electrolytes [Renal]

cytomegalovirus infection treatment: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


fosphenytoin: Seizures [Neurology]

fourth pharyngeal arch: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

fourth pharyngeal pouch: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

fractures. See also specific fractures

bone disorders and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]


children: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

complications: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

elbow: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

greenstick: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

humerus: Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]


osteogenesis imperfecta and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

patellar fracture: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

pathological: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Lung Cancer

[Pulmonary]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

penile: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]


fragile X syndrome: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]; DNA

Mutations [Cell Biology]; Pedigrees [Genetics]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

fragility fracture: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

frameshift mutation: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

Francisella spp.: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

Francisella tularensis: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Frank-Starling curve: Starling Curves [Cardiology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

frataxin: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

freckles: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]; Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

free fatty acids: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

free radicals: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Free Radicals [Pathology];

Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

free radical scavengers: Free Radicals [Pathology]

free ribosomes: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

fremitus: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

fresh frozen plasma (FFP): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Blood Groups [Hematology]; Coagulopathies

[Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

Freudian psychology: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

fried egg appearance (germ cells): Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors

[Reproductive] Friedewald formula: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

Friedreich ataxia: Cerebellum [Neurology]; DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

comparison; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

frontal cortex (Brodmann area 8): Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

frontal eye fields: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

frontal lobe: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding

[Neurology] frothy urine: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

fructokinase: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

fructose: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

absorption of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

111


as carbohydrate: Glucose [Biochemistry]

carbohydrate digestion: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

glycolysis and: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

fructose 1,6-bisphosphate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

fructose 1-phosphate: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

fructose 2,6-bisphosphate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

fructose-6-phosphate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

fructose intolerance: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

full/empty can tests: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

full thickness burns: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

fumarate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

[Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

functional asplenia: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]; Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

functional residual capacity: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

fundus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; The Retina [Neurology]

fungi. See also specific fungi and infections


antifungal drugs: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

CNS infections: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]


diabetic ketoacidosis complication: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

granulomas: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

hypersensitivity reaction to: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]


opportunistic infections: Opportunist Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

overview: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


pneumonias: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

skin infections: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]


furosemide




furuncle: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

Fusobacterium spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]





G G6PD (glucose 6-phosphatase). See glucose 6-phosphatase; glucose 6-phosphatase dehydrogenase deficiency

gabapentin: Seizures [Neurology]

GABA receptors: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

alcohol effect on: Alcohol & CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

anesthetic effects: General Anesthetics [Neurology]

basal ganglia effects: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

Clostridium tetani: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

cocaine as activator: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

112


glutamate and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

Huntington’s disease: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

inhibition of: β-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

secretion of: Cerebellum [Neurology]



tricyclic antidepressants and: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

Gage, Phineas: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

gag reflex: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

galactitol: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

galactocerebroside: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

galactokinase deficiency: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; The Lens [Neurology]

galactorrhea: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

galactose: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

absorption of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

as carbohydrate: Glucose [Biochemistry]


galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT): Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of


galactose disorders: The Lens [Neurology]

galactosemia: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; The Lens

[Neurology] galantamine: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

Galant reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

gallbladder

anatomy: Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]


gallstones: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]. See also gallstones

helminth infections and: Helminths [Infectious Disease]


referred pain: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

Salmonella typhi and: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

gallbladder carcinoma: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

gallstone ileus: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

gallstone pancreatitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

gallstones (cholelithiasis): Gallstones [Gastroenterology]





with lipid drug use: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

gametes: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Meiosis [Genetics]

gametogenesis: Imprinting [Genetics]

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]. See also GABA receptors

gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) liver function test: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

gamma hemolysis pattern: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

ganciclovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

ganglion neurons: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

gangliosides: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

gangrene: Necrosis [Pathology]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Vasculitis [Immunology];


gangrenous necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

113


gap junctions: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Epithelial Cells

[Dermatology] Gardener’s mydriasis: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

Gardnerella vaginalis: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

Gardner syndrome: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

Gartner's duct: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

gas gangrene: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

gastric adenocarcinomas: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Skin

[Dermatology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

gastric bypass: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

gastric cancer: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; DNA drugs [Hematology]; Gastric Disorders

gastric carcinomas: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastric disorders: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See also specific disorders

gastric glands: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

gastric motility: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

gastric parietal cells: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

gastric pits: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

gastric varices: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

gastrin: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

acid secretion and: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

effects of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

physiology: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]


gastrinomas: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

gastrin releasing peptide (grp): Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

gastritis: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

aspirin adverse effect: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

autoimmune: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

defined: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

goblet cells and: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

H. pylori: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

gastrocnemius muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

gastroduodenal artery: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

gastroenteritis


Listeria spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Salmonella spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

viral: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders

[Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology]; Hernias [Gastroenterology]

gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

gastrointestinal system

abdominal CT scans: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

anatomy: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

bleeding: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal

Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

blood supply: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Hernias [Gastroenterology]

colon: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]. See also colon; colon cancer

embryology: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Liver,

Gallbladder and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

esophagus: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See also esophagus

114


gallbladder: Biliary disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Liver, Gallbladder and

Pancreas [Gastroenterology]. See also gallbladder; gallstones

gastrointestinal tract: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]. See also gastrointestinal tract


hormones: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]. See also specific hormones

intestines: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology];

Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

liver: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease

[Gastroenterology]; Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]. See also liver

motility: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]; Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

pancreas: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer

[Gastroenterology]; Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]. See also pancreas


pharmacology: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]. See also specific drugs

physiology: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones

[Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]


salivary glands: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

secretions: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

stomach: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See also gastritis; stomach

tumors: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]. See also specific tumors

Wilson’s disease: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

gastrointestinal tract


anatomy and histology: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]



embryology: Placenta [Reproductive]

fluid secretion in: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

gangrenous necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]


normal flora of: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease];

Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

gastroparesis: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology] gastroschisis: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

gastrula: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

gastrulation: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

gatifloxacin: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

Gaucher disease: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

avascular necrosis side effect: Hip [Musculoskeletal]


gaze palsies: Brainstem [Neurology]; Gaze Palsies [Neurology]


GC box: Transcription [Cell Biology]

G cells: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

gel electrophoresis: Blotting [Cell Biology]

gemellus superior/inferior muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

gemfibrozil: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

gene expression: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

gene mapping: Gene Mapping [Genetics]; Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

general anesthesia: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; General Anesthesia [Neurology]

generalized anxiety disorder: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

115


generalized seizure: Seizures [Neurology]

genetics

bacterial gene transfer: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

disorders: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Neoplasia [Pathology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics];

Trisomies [Genetics]. See also specific genetic disorders

embryonic: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

of exotoxins: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

gene mapping: Gene Mapping [Genetics]; Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

genes, defined: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

genetic code: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

genome, defined: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

Hardy-Weinberg law: Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

heterogeneity, defined: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

imprinting: Imprinting [Genetics]

meiosis: Meiosis [Genetics]

pedigrees: Pedigrees [Genetics]

polymorphism, defined: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

principles of: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

recombination, defined: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

zinc fingers and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

genetic testing: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

genital ducts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

genital herpes: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]



genitalia

ambiguous genitalia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual Development

[Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

development: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Germ

Layers [Reproductive]

herpes: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections

[Reproductive] warts: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

genital ridge: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

genital tubercle: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

genital ulcers: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

genital warts: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

genitofemoral nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

genomes

defined: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

DNA viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

of HIV: HIV [Infectious Disease]

of RNA viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

genotypes: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

gentamycin




genu varum: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

genu varum (bowed legs): Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders

[Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology]; Hernias [Gastroenterology]

116


German measles. See rubella

germ cell cancers: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; DNA drugs [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors

[Hematology] germ cell tumors: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

ovarian cancer: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

pathophysiology: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

testicular: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]


germinoma: Brainstem [Neurology]

germ layers: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

germline mosaicism: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

germline mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

gestational age: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

gestational diabetes: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

gestational hyperandrogenism: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

gestational hypertension: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Twins [Reproductive]

gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD): Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

gestational tumors: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

Ghon complex: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

Ghon foci: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

giant cell arteritis: The Retina [Neurology]

giant cell pneumonia: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

giant cells: Necrosis [Pathology]; T-cells [Immunology]

giant cell tumors: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

giant platelets: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

Giardia lamblia: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

giardiasis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Giardia spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

Giemsa stain: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Ehrlichia spp.: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

malaria diagnosis: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

gigantism: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

Gilbert’s syndrome: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

gingival hyperplasia

calcium channel blockers side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

cyclosporine side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


phenytoin side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

gingivostomatitis: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

Gitelman syndrome: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

glands (endometrium): Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

glandular tumors: Neoplasia [Pathology]

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

glargine: Insulin [Endocrinology]

Glasgow coma scale: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

glaucoma: Glaucoma [Neurology]

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and: Diuretics [Renal]

contraindications: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

Sturge-Weber syndrome and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

treatment of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

Gleason system: Prostate [Reproductive]

glenohumeral joint: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

glenoid cavity: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

117


gliadin: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

glial cells: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

glimepiride: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glioblastoma multiforme: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

glioblastomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

gliomas: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

gliosis: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Nerve Damage [Neurology]

glipizide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

global aphasia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

globin chains: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

globoid cell leukodystrophy: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

globoid cells: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

globotriaosylceramide (Gb3): Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

[Cardiology] globus pallidus: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

glomerular filtration rate: Physiology I [Renal]

flow dynamics: Physiology I [Renal]

lithium and: Lithium [Psychiatry]

measurement: Physiology II [Renal]


regulation: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

glomerulonephritis: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

nephritic syndrome: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]. See also nephritic syndrome

nephrotic syndrome. See nephrotic syndrome

principles of: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]



type III hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

glomerulosclerosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

glomerulus

anatomy: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

bleeding: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

physiology: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

glomus tumor: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

glossitis


pyridoxal phosphate deficiency and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

riboflavin deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX): Cranial Nerves [Neurology]



embryology: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

glucagon

action of: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

beta blocker overdose treatment: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

exercise levels: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

fasting/starvation levels: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


fed-state levels: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]



118


hypoglycemia treatment: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

insulin and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]


glucagon (G-protein) receptor: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology];

Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glucagonoma: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

glucocerebroside: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

glucocorticoid receptors (GR): Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

glucocorticoids: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease treatment: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia treatment: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]


gout treatment: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

hemolytic anemia treatment: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

osteoarthritis treatment: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

osteoporosis cause: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

polymyalgia rheumatica treatment: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

secondary adrenal insufficiency: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

glucogenic amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

glucokinase: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis

[Biochemistry] glucokinase deficiency: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

gluconeogenesis: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]


biotin and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]




glucagon and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

glucose sources for: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

glycogen storage diseases and: Glycogen [Biochemistry]



hormonal control of: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]



pyruvate and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

regulation of: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

substrates for: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

glucoproteins: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

glucose: Glucose [Biochemistry]

absorption of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Glucose [Biochemistry]

acute intermittent porphyria treatment: Porphyrias [Hematology]

amino acids and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


cataracts and: The Lens [Neurology]

diabetes diagnosis and levels of: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

entry into cells: Glucose [Biochemistry]


fast-twitch (white) fibers and: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]


119


glycogen metabolism regulation: Glycogen [Biochemistry]



with hypoketotic hypoglycemia: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


isomers of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

metabolism of: Glucose [Biochemistry]

sources of: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

storage of: Glucose [Biochemistry]

thiamine and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

glucose 6-phosphatase (G6PD)


glycogen breakdown: Glycogen [Biochemistry]


glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency (G6PD): Glycogen [Biochemistry]; Gout [Musculoskeletal]; HMP Shunt

[Biochemistry] free radicals and: Free Radicals [Pathology]

hemolysis cause: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

hemolytic disorders and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

HMP shunt and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

malaria treatment and: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

nitrofurantoin precaution: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


glucose 6-phosphate: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Glycogen

[Biochemistry] glucose-6-phosphate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glucose-6-phosphate (G6P): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP): Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Treatment of

Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glucose fermentation: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

glucose intolerance: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

glucose testing: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

glucose tolerance test: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glucosidase inhibitors: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glucuronic acid: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

glucuronidation: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

glutamate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

as acidic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


metabolism of: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

N-acetylglutamate synthesis: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

sickle cell anemia substitution: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

toxicity: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]


glutamate decarboxylase: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

glutamate dehydrogenase: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

glutaminase: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

glutamine

carbamoyl phosphate synthesis: Ammonia [Biochemistry]


pyrimidine synthesis: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

120


glutamine-PRPP aminotransferase: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

glutamine synthesis: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

glutathione: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

acetaminophen overdose: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

alcohol use: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]


gluten sensitivity: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

gluteus maximus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

gluteus medius muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

gluteus minimus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

GLUT transporters: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Glucose [Biochemistry]; Treatment of Diabetes

[Endocrinology] glyburide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glycerol



fatty acid breakdown: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

as glucose source: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]


glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

glycine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

bile acids and: Bile [Gastroenterology]

collagen and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

heme synthesis and: Porphyrias [Hematology]


purine synthesis and: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

glycocalyx: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

glycogen: Glycogen [Biochemistry]


breakdown: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Glycogen [Biochemistry]

defined: Glucose [Biochemistry]

exercise levels: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


fast-twitch (white) fibers and: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

as fuel: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

hormonal regulation of: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

insulin and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

metabolism regulation: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Glucose [Biochemistry]; Glycogen

[Biochemistry] PIK3 pathway and (synthesis of): Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

synthesis: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glucose

[Biochemistry]; Glycogen [Biochemistry]

glycogenesis: Glucose [Biochemistry]

glycogenolysis: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

glycogen phosphorylase


glycogen metabolism: Glycogen [Biochemistry]


glycogen storage diseases: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

in children: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


121



Von Gierke’s disease and: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

glycogen synthase




glycolysis: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]


endproduct of: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]



fructose and: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

mitochondrial disorders and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

rate-limiting step of: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

regulation of: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

glycoprotein receptor blockers: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

glycoproteins: Coagulation [Hematology]; Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology];

Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

glycopyrrolate: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

glycosaminoglycans: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

glycosuria: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]

glycosylation: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

GM2 ganglioside: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

GNAQ gene: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

goblet cells: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

metaplastic atrophic gastritis and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

mucous secretion by: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

rough endoplasmic reticulum of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

goiter: Lithium [Psychiatry]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

goitrogens: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

gold: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

GOLD criteria: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

golfer’s elbow: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

Golgi apparatus: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

golimumab: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

gonadal ridges: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

amenorrhea and: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

deficiency: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]




gonorrhea


as reportable illness: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

sterile pyuria and: Urinary Infections [Renal]

Goodpasture’s syndrome

basement membrane and: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

interstitial lung disease association: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

nephritis and: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

overview: Vasculitis [Immunology]

type II hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

122


gout: Gout [Musculoskeletal]


differential diagnosis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

diuretic association: Diuretics [Renal]



prepatellar bursitis cause: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

prophylaxis: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

purine metabolic disorder: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

treatment: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]


G-protein receptors: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology];

Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

G proteins: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

Gq proteins: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

gracilis muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

graded response (dose-response): Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

graft versus host disease (GVHD): Transplants [Immunology]

graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) effect: Transplants [Immunology]

gram-negative bacteria: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic resistance: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


capsules: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

cell wall and membranes: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

chronic gastritis and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

classification: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease];

Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

culture negative endocarditis: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]


shapes: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]


gram-positive bacteria: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

capsules: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

cell wall and membrane: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

classification: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci

[Infectious Disease] culturing: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]


penicillin resistance mechanism: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

shape: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

staphylococci: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

streptococci: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

surgical-site infections: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

gram stain: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

grandiose delusions: Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

grandiosity: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

grand mal seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

granular infiltration: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

granulation tissue: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

granulocytes: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

123


granulomas

benign pulmonary nodules: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

granulomatous inflammation and: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]





granulomatosis infantiseptica: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

granulomatous diseases: T-cells [Immunology]

granulomatous inflammation: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]

caseous necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]


hypervitaminosis and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

infections: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

M. Leprae: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

primary biliary cirrhosis feature: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

granulosa cells: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]


of ovarian follicle: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

granulosa cell tumors: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

granzymes: T-cells [Immunology]

grapefruit juice


statins and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

Grave’s disease: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

diagnosis and treatment: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

signs and symptoms: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

gray baby syndrome: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

gray hepatization: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

greater omentum: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

greater sac, of peritoneal cavity: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

great vessel transpositions: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

greenstick fracture: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

Grey Turner’s sign: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

grimacing: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

griseofulvin: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]



as microtubule drug: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

tinea capitis treatment: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

Groton papules: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

growth factors


defined: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]


receptor-mediated endocytosis and: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

for scar formation: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

growth hormone (GH)


excess: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

hypopituitarism treatment: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


124


somatostatin and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

for Turner syndrome: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH): Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

growth plate: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

growth plate (epiphyseal): Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors

[Musculoskeletal] GTP (guanosine triphosphate): TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]; Translation [Cell Biology]

guanfacine: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

guanine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

guanosine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

Guillain-Barre syndrome: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]


Schwann cells in: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

triggers for: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

gummas: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

gustatory hallucinations: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

guttate psoriasis: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

Guyon’s canal (ulnar canal): Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

Guyon’s canal syndrome: Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

gynecomastia: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

choriocarcinoma feature: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

ketoconazole side effect: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]; Antifungal

Drugs [Infectious Disease]


potassium-sparing diuretics and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

spironolactone complication: Diuretics [Renal]

H H1 condensation: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

H2S production: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

Haemophilus ducreyi: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Haemophilus influenzae: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam







pathophysiology: B-Cells [Immunology]

pneumonia: Complement System [Immunology]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]




vaccine: B-Cells [Immunology]; Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

virulence factor of: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Hageman factor: Coagulation [Hematology]

hair cells: Vestibular System [Neurology]

hair follicles


inflammation of: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]


hair loss

125


lepromatous leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hairy cell leukemia: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

hairy cells: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

Haldane effect: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

half-life, of drugs: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

halitosis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hallucinations: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

with alcohol withdrawal: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

bipolar disorder feature: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]




PCA stroke and: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

PCP effect: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]



sleep disorders and: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

hallucinogens: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

haloperidol

delirium treatment: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

Huntington’s disease treatment: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]


PCP treatment: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]



halothane: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

hamartoma: Neoplasia [Pathology]

hamartomas: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Neurocutaneous Disorders

[Dermatology] hamate: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

hamstring muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus

[Musculoskeletal] hand: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

anatomy: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

brachial plexus injuries: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

chondromas of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

injuries: Hand [Musculoskeletal]


hand-foot-and-mouth disease: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

hand of Benediction: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

Hansen's disease: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious

Disease]. See also specific vessels and types of vessels

hantavirus infection: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

haptens: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

haptoglobin: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

Hardy-Weinberg law: Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

Hartnup disease: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

marginal zone lymphoma and: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

scleroderma association: Scleroderma [Immunology]


126


haustra: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

Hawthorne effect: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

H band: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

Hb Barts: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

hCG. See human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

HDAg (hepatitis delta antigen): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

HDL cholesterol

apolipoproteins and: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cholesterol panel: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

function of: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

treatment of abnormal levels: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

HDL lipoprotein: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

headaches: Headaches [Neurology]

acute lymphoblastic leukemia symptom: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]


aneurysm feature: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

anti-emetic side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

brain tumor feature: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

cavernous sinus syndrome feature: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

communicating hydrocephalus feature: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

desmopressin side effect: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

metronidazole side effect: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]



pseudotumor cerebri feature: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

quinolone side effect: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

raised intracranial pressure feature: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

subarachnoid hemorrhage feature: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

terbinafine side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

head and neck

cancers: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA drugs [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors

[Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]


movements: Vestibular System [Neurology]

trauma: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

head circumference: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP): Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

health care proxy: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]; Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

health insurance, types of: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): Public Health [Behavioral Science]

hearing: Auditory System [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

hearing loss and deafness

AICA stroke feature: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

aminoglycoside precaution: Teratogens I [Reproductive]


cranial nerve involvement: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]


loop diuretic complication: Diuretics [Renal]

Meniere’s disease feature: Vestibular System [Neurology]

meningitis complication: Meningitis [Neurology]

127




schwannoma feature: Brain Tumors [Neurology]


TORCH infection: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

types of: Auditory System [Neurology]

viral causes: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

heart


anatomy: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Pericardial

Disease [Cardiology]


blood supply: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

cardiac output (CO): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]



ejection fraction (EF): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

electrical system of: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]

embryology: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

ketolysis: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

muscarinic agonist effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]


stroke volume (SV): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

valves of: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


heart block

causes of: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

complete: Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

defined: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

inferior myocardial infarction and: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

heartburn


GERD and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology];

Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology];

Hernias [Gastroenterology]

limited scleroderma (CREST) and: Scleroderma [Immunology]

heart catheterization: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

heart failure: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]. See also specific types of heart failure

acute coronary syndromes. See acute heart failure




calcium channel blockers and: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

cardiac asthma: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

coarctation of the aorta complication: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]


cor pulmonale as cause: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

diagnosis: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

diastolic: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

drug elimination and: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]




128


hormones and: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hypertension and: Hypertension [Cardiology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]


hypoxia and: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

loop diuretics for: Diuretics [Renal]

mannitol contraindication: Diuretics [Renal]

metformin precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

pathophysiology of: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

preeclampsia complication: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

refeeding syndrome and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

signs and symptoms of: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

sodium and water balance: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

Starling curves shifts: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

systolic: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

thiazolidinediones precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]


heart murmurs: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

heart rate

with atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]




cardiac output (CO) and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]


digoxin’s effect on: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

EKG determination of: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

pacemaker action potentials and: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]


stroke volume (SV) and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]


cardiac cycle and: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

components of: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

with heart failure: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

splitting of: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]



heart volume: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

heat labile toxin: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

heat shock proteins (stress proteins): Translation [Cell Biology]

heat stable toxin: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Heberden’s nodes: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

heel pain: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

Heinz bodies: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

helical capsids: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

helicase: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

Helicobacter pylori: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

duodenal ulcers and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


malignancy associations: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


peptic ulcer risk factor: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


129



heliotrope rash: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

HELLP syndrome: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

helminths

classification: Helminths [Infectious Disease]. See also specific helminths


innate immunity response to: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

treatment of: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

hemagglutinin: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

hemangioblastomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

hemangioma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

hemangiosarcoma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

hematemesis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hematocele: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

hematochezia: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hematochezia (lower gastrointestinal bleeding): Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hematocrit

measurement technique: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

testosterone therapy side effect: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hematopoiesis: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

hematopoietic cell transplantation: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

hematuria



kidney stones: Kidney Stones [Renal]


papillary necrosis: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


renal cell carcinoma feature: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

heme

cytochromes and: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

metabolism: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

microcytic anemias and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


structure of: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

synthesis: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Other Amino Acids

[Biochemistry]; Porphyrias [Hematology]

heme iron: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

hemianopia: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

hemiballism: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and

Movement Disorders [Neurology]

hemidesmosomes: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

hemihyperplasia: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

hemin: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious

Disease]; Porphyrias [Hematology]

hemochromatosis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis

[Gastroenterology] as autosomal recessive disorder: Pedigrees [Genetics]

calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease association: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

diagnosis: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]


hypocalcemia and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

pathophysiology: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

130



risk factors for: Transplants [Immunology]

treatment: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]


hemoglobin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

carbon dioxide transport: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

as cytochrome: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

globin chains and: Thalassemias [Hematology]


microcytic anemia and levels of: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

oxygen content: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]


sickle cell anemia amino acid substitution: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

hemoglobin A1c: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

hemoglobin Barts: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

hemoglobin C: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

hemoglobin electrophoresis: Thalassemias [Hematology]

hemoglobinemia: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

hemolysis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

extrinsic: Extrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]. See also extrinsic hemolysis

free radicals as cause of: Free Radicals [Pathology]




hypertensive emergency and: Hypertension [Cardiology]

intrinsic: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]. See also intrinsic hemolysis


paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and: Complement System [Immunology]


Wilson’s disease clinical feature: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hemolysis patterns: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

hemolytic anemia

α-blocker side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

cephalosporin adverse reaction: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

external hemolysis and: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

hemolytic uremic syndrome: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

penicillin adverse effect: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]


ribavirin side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]



hemolytic uremic syndrome: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology];


hemophilias: Coagulation [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

hemoptysis

bronchiectasis symptom: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Goodpasture’s syndrome and: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]



hemorrhage


cerebral and lacunar stroke cause: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

fluid compartment shifts: Physiology I [Renal]

131


postpartum: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

regulation of (physiology): Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]


Starling curve shifts: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

stroke management: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

urinary sodium levels and: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hemorrhagic cystitis


cyclophosphamide side effect: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]



hemorrhagic fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

hemorrhagic infarction: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

hemorrhagic strokes (intraparenchymal bleed): Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding

[Neurology] hemorrhoids: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

hemosiderin: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hemosiderinuria: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

hemosiderosis: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hemostasis

anticoagulants: Anticoagulants [Hematology]

antiplatelet drugs: Antiplatelet Drugs [Hematology]

coagulation: Coagulation [Hematology]

coagulopathies: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

hypercoagulable states: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

platelet activation: Platelet Activation [Hematology]


hemothorax: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

hepadnavirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]. See also Hepatitis B

(HBV)

heparin

anticoagulation effect of: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

basis for: Coagulation [Hematology]

for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

DVT treatment: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

metabolic disorders: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]



overdose treatment: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

pulmonary embolism treatment: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]



types of: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

warfarin and: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

heparin resistance: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

hepatic (cavernous) hemangioma: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

hepatic adenoma: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

hepatic angiosarcoma: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

hepatic artery: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

hepatic vein: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

132


hepatic vein thrombosis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

hepatitis


autoimmune: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]



vaccination: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

viral hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

Hepatitis A (HAV): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

Hepatitis B (HBV): DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]


MPGN association: MPGN [Renal]

polyarteritis nodosa and: Vasculitis [Immunology]

reactivation, as drug side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]


vaccine: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

Hepatitis C (HCV): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

lichen planus and: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

MPGN association: MPGN [Renal]

porphyria cutanea tarda association: Porphyrias [Hematology]


Hepatitis D (HDV): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

Hepatitis E (HEV): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

hepatocellular carcinoma: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

Aspergillus infection association: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

Budd Chiari syndrome cause: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

hemochromatosis as risk factor: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hepatitis complication: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

spreading via bloodstream: Neoplasia [Pathology]

Wilson’s disease risk factor: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hepatocytes: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

hepatoduodenal ligament: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

hepatojugular reflux: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

hepatomegaly







inborn errors of metabolism disorders causes: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

liver tumor feature: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]


newborn causes: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


hepatosplenomegaly

extramedullary hematopoiesis and: Thalassemias [Hematology]


histoplasmosis feature: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


hepatotoxicity

azoles side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ecstasy effect: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

133


halothane side effect: General Anesthesia [Neurology]


pyrazinamide: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

terbinafine side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

thiazolidinediones side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

thionamides side effect: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

hepcidin: Inflammation [Pathology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

herald patch: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

hereditary angioedema: Coagulation [Hematology]; Complement System [Immunology]; Inflammation

[Pathology] hereditary ataxias: Cerebellum [Neurology]

hereditary fructose intolerance: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry];

Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hereditary hemochromatosis: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome): Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN): Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

hereditary nephritis: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC): DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Endometrial Cancer

[Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (Lynch syndrome): Genetic Principles [Genetics]

hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome): Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

hereditary spherocytosis: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]


as autosomal dominant disorder: Pedigrees [Genetics]


hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

bowel obstruction cause: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

congenital: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Pulmonary

Embryology [Pulmonary]


herniated discs: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

herniation: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

heroin use: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

herpangina: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

herpes labialis: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

herpes simplex virus: Herpes Viruses [Infectious Disease]

encephalitis: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

erythema multiforme and: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]



keratoconjunctivitis cause: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

Klüver-Bucy syndrome and: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]



vaginal carcinoma: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

herpesviruses: Herpes Viruses [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis

[Infectious Disease] genital ulcers: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]




herpes zoster: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

herpetic whitlow: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

134


Hesselbach’s triangle: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

heterochromatin: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

heterogeneity: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

heterophile antibodies: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

heteroplasmy: Pedigrees [Genetics]

heterozygosity: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

hexokinase: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

hexosaminidase A: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

hexose monophosphate shunt. See HMP shunt

Heyde’s syndrome: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

HFE gene: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

Hgb electrophoresis: Thalassemias [Hematology]

HHV-6: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

HHV-7: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

HHV-8: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; HIV [Infectious Disease]; Vascular

Lesions [Dermatology]

hiatal hernias: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Hernias [Gastroenterology]

high altitude



prophylaxis: Diuretics [Renal]


respiratory alkalosis cause: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

high blood pressure. See hypertension

high dose dexamethasone test: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

high yield EKGs: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

hilar lymphadenopathy: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]; Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]; Sarcoidosis

[Pulmonary]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

hindgut: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

hip: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

dislocation: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

fracture, causes of: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis

Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

fracture as pulmonary embolism risk factor: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]


HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996): Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

hip flexor muscles: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

hippocampus: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

hippurate test: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

Hirschsprung disease: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal

Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hirsutism

causes: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

disorders of sexual development feature: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]


spironolactone side effect: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hirudin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

His-Purkinje disease



histamine

acid secretion and: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

gastrin and: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

135





receptor blockade: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]


synthesis: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


urticaria and: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]


vasodilation and: Inflammation [Pathology]

histamine (H2) blockers




histidine

as basic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

as essential amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]



histidine decarboxylase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

histiocytosis: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

histone acetylation: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACs): DNA structure [Biochemistry]

histones: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]

histoplasmosis: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


granulomas: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]


Histoplasmosis capsulatum: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

histrionic personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

HIV/AIDs: HIV [Infectious Disease]

antibody detection techniques: Blotting [Cell Biology]; ELISA [Cell Biology]

cholangiopathy: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

CNS infections and: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]

confidentiality and: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]


diffuse large b-cell lymphoma association: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

encephalitis: Meningitis [Neurology]

end-stage skin disorders: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

follicular dendritic cells and: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

hepatitis and immune reconstitution and: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

herpesviruses association: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]


meningitis and: Meningitis [Neurology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]


nervous system and: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

PCP and: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

pneumonias associated with: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary];

Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

porphyria cutanea tarda association: Porphyrias [Hematology]


retinitis and: The Retina [Neurology]

136


as retrovirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

treatment: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]. See also specific drugs

viral load quantification: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

HLA-DR antigens: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

HLA genes

celiac disease and: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

psoriasis and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]


sleep disorders and: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

HMG-CoA reductase: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

HMP shunt: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

co-factors for: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

fatty acid synthesis and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]



purine synthesis and: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hoarseness: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

Hodgkin lymphoma: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

minimal change disease association: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

treatment: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

holoprosencephaly: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Trisomies [Genetics]

Homan sign: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

homatropine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

homeobox (HOX) genes: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

homeostasis


stem cells and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

homeotic genes: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

Homer-Wright rosettes: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

homocysteine

hypercoagulability and: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]


metabolism of: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]


vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

homocystinuria

ectopia lentis cause: The Lens [Neurology]

homocysteine metabolic disorder: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


marfanoid habitus and: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

homogentisic acid oxidase: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

homonymous hemianopsia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Visual Fields

[Neurology] homovanillic acid (HVA): Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

homozygosity: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

homunculus: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

honey, botulinum toxin and: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

honeycombing (chest X-ray finding): Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

honeymooner’s cystitis: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

honoraria: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

hookworms: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

horizontal gaze disorder: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones

137


[Endocrinology]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

hormones. See also specific hormones


gastrointestinal: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]




signaling pathways: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

hormone-sensitive lipase

fatty acid breakdown: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]



Horner syndrome: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

causes: The Pupil [Neurology]


eye features: The Pupil [Neurology]


Pancoast tumor association: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

syringomyelia association: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

horseshoe kidney: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

hospice care: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

hospital-acquired infections

MRSA: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


hospital quality measures: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

hospital readmissions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

hot flashes: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

hot tub folliculitis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

housemaid’s knee: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

Howell–Jolly bodies: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]; Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Sickle Cell

Anemia [Hematology]

HTT gene mutation: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

amenorrhea diagnosis: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

choriocarcinoma secretion: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

gestational tumor levels: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]


synthesis by embryo: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


human epidermal receptors (HER): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

human epithelial receptors (HER): Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

human factors design: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8): Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; HIV

[Infectious Disease]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

human herpesvirus vaccine: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

human leukocyte antigens (HLAs): Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Transplants

[Immunology] human papillomavirus (HPV): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

cancer and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cervical cancer risk factor: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

138


pathologic hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

squamous cell carcinoma risk factor: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

vaccine: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

human placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin): Pregnancy [Reproductive]

human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

humerus: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

fracture: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]

pathological fractures of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

humor: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

humoral-mediated immunity: B-Cells [Immunology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; T-cells

[Immunology] hunger, regulation of: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

Hunter syndrome: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

Huntington disease: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders[Neurology]; Trinucleotide Repeat

Disorders [Genetics]

acetylcholine levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]


basal ganglia damage and: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

GABA levels and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

glutamate and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACs) and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

trinucleotide repeat disorder: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

Hurler syndrome: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

Hurthle cells: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

Hutchinson teeth: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

hyaline arteriosclerosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]

hyaline cartilage: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; CPPD [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

hyaline membrane: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

hyaluronic acid: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy): Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

hydralazine

action of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


chronic heart failure treatment: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

drug-induced lupus: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Systemic Lupus

Erythematosus [Immunology]

metabolism: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

hydration

cholera treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

delirium treatment: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

E. coli infection treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]



hydrocele: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

hydrocephalus

brain tumor feature: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

headache cause: Headaches [Neurology]

isotretinoin as cause of: Teratogens I [Reproductive]






139


ventricles and: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

hydrocephalus ex vacuo: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

hydrochloric acid (HCL): Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

hydrochlorothiazide: Diuretics [Renal]

hydrocortisone: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

hydrogen peroxide: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Free Radicals [Pathology]

hydromorphone: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

hydrophilic statins: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

hydrophobic amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

hydrops fetalis: Blood Groups [Hematology]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Thalassemias [Hematology];

TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

hydroquinone: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

hydrostatic pressure: Physiology I [Renal]

hydroxocobalamin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

hydroxyapatite: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

hydroxychloroquine: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Porphyrias [Hematology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis

[Immunology] hydroxylation: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

hydroxyurea

as cancer drug: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

megaloblastic anemias and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Other Anemias [Hematology];

Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

myeloproliferative disorders and: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]




hyoid artery: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

hyoid bone: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

hyperacusis: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

hyperacute transplant rejection: Transplants [Immunology]

hyperaldosteronism: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

hyperammonemia


citrullinemia and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]


organic acidemias and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]



treatment: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


urea cycle disorders and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

hyperbilirubinemia: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders

[Reproductive] hypercalcemia

calcium carbonate side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

etiology: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]



metastatic calcification and: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


pancreatitis cause: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

Qt interval and: EKG Basics [Cardiology]


140



signs and symptoms: Electrolytes [Renal]

thiazide diuretics precaution: Diuretics [Renal]

thyroid storm and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

vitamin D and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Williams syndrome association: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

hypercalciuria: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

hypercapnia: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

hyperchylomicronemia: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

hypercoagulable states: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

antithrombin III deficiency: Coagulation [Hematology]



pulmonary embolism risk factor: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]


hypercoagulable workup: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

hyperemesis gravidarum: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES): Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

hyperfibrinolysis: Coagulation [Hematology]

hyperglycemia

glucokinase deficiency and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]


metabolic syndrome and: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

niacin and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


steroid drugs and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

symptoms: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

thyroid hormone and: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]


hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS): Diabetes [Endocrinology]

hypergonadotropic hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

hypergranulosis: Skin [Dermatology]

hyper-IgE syndrome: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

hyper-IgM syndrome: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

hyperinsulinemia: Electrolytes [Renal]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

hyperkalemia

ACE inhibitors and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

acidosis symptom: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]


angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

causes: Electrolytes [Renal]



potassium-sparing diuretics and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

potassium-sparing diuretics complication: Diuretics [Renal]



rhabdomyolysis feature: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

signs and symptoms: Electrolytes [Renal]

treatment: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Insulin [Endocrinology]

valsartan and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

hyperkeratosis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Skin [Dermatology]

141


hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]


beta blocker side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

coronary risk equivalent for sudden death: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

hypothyroidism and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


lipid measurements: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

metabolic syndrome and: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

niacin for treatment of: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


risk factors: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

treatment of: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

hypermagnesemia: Electrolytes [Renal]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

hypernatremia: Seizures [Neurology]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hyperopia (farsightedness): The Lens [Neurology]

hyperorality: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

hyperparathyroidism



chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis association: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

hypercalcemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]



types: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

hyperphagia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Imprinting [Genetics]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic

[Neurology] hyperphosphatemia: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]; Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

hyperpigmentation: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

ACTH and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]




hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Prostate [Reproductive]

hyperplastic arteriosclerosis: Hypertension [Cardiology]

hyperplastic polyp: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

hyperprolactinemia: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


calcium channel blockers side effect: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

drug-induced: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

hyperreflexia: Nerve Damage [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

hypersensitivity reactions: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

acute inflammation timeline: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

to Aspergillus spp.: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

to cephalosporins: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

disorders: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

erythema nodosum: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]


malabsorption and: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

mechanism of: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

to penicillins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

to sulfonamides: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

type 1 diabetes: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

142


hypersplenism: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

hypertension: Hypertension [Cardiology]. See also secondary hypertension


aldosteronism and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]



ß2 agonists side effect: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]


coronary risk equivalent for sudden death: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

Cushing’s triad and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

diagnosis: Hypertension [Cardiology]


11-ß hydroxylase deficiency and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

fibrinoid necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]



nonproliferative retinopathy and: The Retina [Neurology]



pregnancy and: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]




treatment: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Diuretics

[Renal]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]


Turner syndrome and: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

VEGF inhibitor side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

von Recklinghausen disease and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

hypertensive emergency: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]; Parkinson’s,

Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

hyperthermia





hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


antiarrhythmic drugs side effect: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]


choriocarcinoma as cause of: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

hCG levels: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

metabolic effects of: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

molar pregnancy feature: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]


pregnancy, treatment during: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

struma ovarii as cause: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

treatment: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

hypertriglyceridemia: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

cardiac output and: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

Friedreich’s ataxia association: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

mitral regurgitation: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]; Heart Sounds [Cardiology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

143


sudden death and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

hypertrophic gastropathy: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. See hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

hypertrophic scars: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

hypertrophy (cells): Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

hyperuricemia

causes: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal];

Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]



niacin and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


hyperventilation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Respiratory Acid-Base

Disorders [Renal]

hyperviscosity syndrome: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

hypervitaminosis A: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

hypervitaminosis D: Electrolytes [Renal]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

hypervolemia: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

hypervolemic hyponatremia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hypnagogic hallucinations: Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

hypnopompic hallucinations: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

hypoalbuminemia


drug dosage and: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]


Ménétrièr’s disease and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

hypocalcemia

causes: Electrolytes [Renal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

EKG reading: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

fat necrosis and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

foscarnet side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]



medullary carcinoma and: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

parathyroidectomy precaution: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]



thymic aplasia association: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]


hypocapnia: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

hypochromic anemia: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

hypocomplementemia: MPGN [Renal]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[Immunology] hypocretin-1 and -2: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

hypogammaglobulinemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

hypoglycemia

adrenal crisis and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]


amylin analogs precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

beta blockers masking of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

beta oxidation disorders: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


144



cortisol and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

diabetes treatment side effect: Insulin [Endocrinology]





liver tumors causing: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

low birth weight complication: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]



sulfonylureas side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

treatment: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]



differential diagnosis: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

Kallmann syndrome and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


male reproductive hormones and: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


Prader-Willi syndrome as cause of: Imprinting [Genetics]

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]



alkalosis symptom: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]



diuretics and: Diuretics [Renal]

EKG readings: EKG Basics [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]


loop diuretics and: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]

primary aldosteronism and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]



thiazide diuretics complication: Diuretics [Renal]

tubular necrosis association: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


hypoketotic hypoglycemia: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors

of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hypomagnesemia: Electrolytes [Renal]


fat necrosis and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]





hypomanic episode: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]


chlorpropamide side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]


eating disorders and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]



145


Legionella spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

legionella symptom: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

physiology: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]



thyroid and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]



Riedel’s thyroiditis and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

treatment: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

hypophosphatemia: Electrolytes [Renal]

aluminum hydroxide side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]


refeeding syndrome feature: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]



hypopituitarism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

hypoplasia: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

hypoplastic uterus: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

hypoprothrombinemia: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

hypopyon: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

hypospadia: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

hypotension

adenosine and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]



beta blocker overdose and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]




norepinephrine blockade: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]



hypothalamic portal system: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

hypothalamic syndrome: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

hypothalamic tumors: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

hypothalamus: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System[Neurology]

cortisol regulation and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]


Kallmann syndrome and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


reproductive hormones and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


transtentorial herniation and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

hypothenar muscle: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

hypothermia: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

hypothesis testing: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

hypothyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]




146



congenital: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


differential diagnosis: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

fetal-maternal effects: Teratogens I [Reproductive]


metabolic effects: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]


hypothyroid myopathy: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

hypotonia

cerebellar symptom: Cerebellum [Neurology]



Lesch-Nyhan syndrome feature: Gout [Musculoskeletal]



hypoventilation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

hypovolemia: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

hypovolemic hyponatremia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hypovolemic shock: Shock [Cardiology]

hypoxanthine: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT): Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Immunosuppressants

[Immunology]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

hypoxemia: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

hypoxia: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]


causes: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

erythropoiesis: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

rate of diffusion and: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

hypoxia-inducible factor: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

hypoxic encephalopathy: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

hysterectomy: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]

hysterosalpingography: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

I iatrogenic hypothyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

I band: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

ibandronate: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

ibuprofen: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

ibutilide: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

I-cell (inclusion cell) disease: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

I cells: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

icosahedral capsids: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

ICU weakness: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

idarubicin: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

idarucizumab: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

idealization: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

identification (mimicking behavior): Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

idiopathic avascular necrosis: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. See hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

147


idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

iduronate 2-sulfatase (ids): Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

ifosfamide: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

IgA antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]

deficiency: Blood Groups [Hematology]; Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease];

T-cells [Immunology]

dermatitis herpetiformis and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

Henoch-Schönlein purpura: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

IgA nephropathy: Vasculitis [Immunology]

IgA pemphigus: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

IgA protease: B-Cells [Immunology]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious

Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

IgE antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]; Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

atopic dermatitis and: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

desensitization of: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

testing for: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

Th2 cells and: T-cells [Immunology]

IGF-1: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

IgG4 plasma cells

autoimmune pancreatitis marker: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]


IgG antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: External Hemolysis [Hematology]


immune deficiency syndromes treatment: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

pemphigus vulgaris and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

Rh system and: Blood Groups [Hematology]

serum sickness and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

Th1 cells and: T-cells [Immunology]

type II hypersensitivity and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

vaccines and: B-Cells [Immunology]


IgM antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]

ABO system and: Blood Groups [Hematology]

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia and: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

primary sclerosing cholangitis lab finding: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

type II hypersensitivity and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

IL-1 (Interleukin 1): Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]

IL-2 (Interleukin 2): Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; T-cells [Immunology]

IL-4 (Interleukin 4): T-cells [Immunology]


IL-6 (Interleukin 6): Innate Immunity [Immunology]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

IL-8 (Interleukin 8): Innate Immunity [Immunology]


IL-12 (Interleukin 12): Innate Immunity [Immunology]

IL-12R (Interleukin 12 receptor) deficiency: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]; Viral

Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

ileum


hormone secretion by: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

vitamin B12 absorption: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

ileus: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

148


iliac nodes: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

iliacus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

iliohypogastric nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

iliopsoas muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

illness anxiety disorder: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

imatinib: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

imipenem: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics

[Infectious Disease] imipramine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

immature teratoma: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

immune complex (IC) deposition: Complement System [Immunology]

immune reconstitution: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): HIV [Infectious Disease]

immune response: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

immune system. See also vaccinations

autoimmune disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]; Scleroderma [Immunology]; Sjögren’s

Syndrome [Immunology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]; Vasculitis [Immunology]. See

also specific disorders

B-cells: B-Cells [Immunology]. See also B-cells

complement system: Complement System [Immunology]. See also complement system

drug-induced suppression: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]

hypersensitivity reactions: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]. See also hypersensitivity reactions; specific

hypersensitivity reactions

immune deficiency syndromes: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]. See also specific disorders

innate immunity: Innate Immunity [Immunology]. See also innate immunity

lymph nodes: Lymph Nodes and Spleen [Immunology]. See also lymph nodes; spleen

pharmacology: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]; Immunosuppressive Drugs [Immunology]. See

also specific drugs

spleen: Lymph Nodes and Spleen [Immunology]. See also spleen

T-cells: T-Cells [Immunology]. See also T-cells

transplants: Transplants [Immunology]. See also transplants

immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

immunocompromized patients


meningitis association: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

necrotizing fasciitis and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

PCP and: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

protozoa infections and: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

reactivation tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

toxoplasmosis and: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

immunoglobulin: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

immunohistochemical stains: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT): Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

immunosuppressants: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]. See also glucocorticoids; NSAIDs

for anemias: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]


antivirals: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

for autoimmune hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

for bullous pemphigoid: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

complications: The Retina [Neurology]


for inflammatory myopathy: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

for lupus: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

149


for myasthenia gravis: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

for pemphigus vulgaris: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

pneumonia association: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

for transplant rejection: Transplants [Immunology]

IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

impetigo: Skin Infections [Dermatology]


nephritic syndrome association: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]




impetigo contagiosa (non-bullous): Skin Infections [Dermatology]

impotence: Brainstem [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]; Wilson’s Disease and


imprinting: Imprinting [Genetics]

inborn errors of metabolism: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]. See also specific disorders

incidence rate: Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

incisional hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

inclusion cell (I-cell) disease: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

incomplete dominance (semidominant): Pedigrees [Genetics]

incomplete penetrance: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

incretins: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

incus: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

independent assortment: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

India ink stain: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

indinavir: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

indirect Coombs test: Blood Groups [Hematology]; External Hemolysis [Hematology]

indirect inguinal hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

indomethacin: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]; Shunts [Cardiology]

induction (anesthesia): General Anesthesia [Neurology]

infant deprivation: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

infants. See also neonates

abetalipoproteinemia: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

alkaptonuria: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

carnitine deficiency: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

Cooley’s anemia: Thalassemias [Hematology]

eczema: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

endocardial fibroelastosis: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

galactosemia: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

GERD: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

glycogen storage diseases: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

hereditary fructose intolerance: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

honey contraindication: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

inborn errors of metabolism: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

iron deficiency: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

lysosomal storage diseases: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

mewing cry: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

PDH complex deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]


pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

respiratory infections: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]


vascular lesions: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

150


infarctions: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Necrosis [Pathology]

infections. See also specific infections and infectious agents


barriers to: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

breast feeding as prophylaxis: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

delirium cause: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

hemolysis and: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

inflammation: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

leukemoid reaction: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

lymph nodes and: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

with lysosomal storage diseases: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

maternal: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

precautions and preventive measures: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

somatic hypermutation and: B-Cells [Immunology]

inferior epigastric vessels: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

inferior gluteal nerve: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

inferior mesenteric artery: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

inferior thyroid artery: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

infertility

causes: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


endometriosis and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]

epithelial cell tumor risk factor: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

gonorrhea and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Kartagener’s syndrome feature: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


scrotal disorders: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

teratogens as cause: Teratogens I [Reproductive]


inflammasome: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

inflammation: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

of airway: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

anemias associated with: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

of blood vessels: Vasculitis [Immunology]

chronic transplant rejection and: Transplants [Immunology]


of cornea: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]


cytokines and: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

dysregulation of: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

erythrocyte sedimentation rate and: Coagulation [Hematology]


granulomatous: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]



principles of: Inflammation [Pathology]


somatic hypermutation and: B-Cells [Immunology]

types of: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]


amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

arthritis and: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]


151


T-cell responses: T-cells [Immunology]




inflammatory carcinoma: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

inflammatory demyelinating radiculopathy: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

inflammatory edema: Inflammation [Pathology]

inflammatory low back pain: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

infliximab: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

ankylosing spondylitis treatment: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

Crohn’s disease treatment: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]


reactivation tuberculosis occurrence with: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]


influenza

causes: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


immunizations for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]



Reye’s syndrome and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]


vaccine: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure

[Infectious Disease] viral: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

informed consent: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

infraspinatus muscle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

infundibular stenosis: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

infusion reactions: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

inguinal canal: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

inguinal ligament: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

INH. See isoniazid

inhalation challenge: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

inhaled anesthetic principles: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

inherited aplastic anemia: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]; Transplants

[Immunology] inherited C3 deficiency: Complement System [Immunology]

inhibin A: Down syndrome [Genetics]

inhibin B: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

inhibitory neurotransmitters: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

initiation, of protein synthesis: Translation [Cell Biology]

initiation factors: Translation [Cell Biology]


components of: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

disorders of: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

salivary tumors: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

inner ear: Auditory System [Neurology]; Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]; Vestibular System

[Neurology] inosine monophosphate (IMP): Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

inositol monophosphatase (IMPase): Lithium [Psychiatry]

inositol triphosphate (IP3). See IP3 second messenger system

inotropes: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Shock [Cardiology]; Starling Curves [Cardiology]

INR (international normalized ratio): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]

152


insomnia: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

inspiratory capacity: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

Institutional Review Board (IRB): Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

insulin: Insulin [Endocrinology]. See also insulin resistance

analogs: Insulin [Endocrinology]

clearance of: Physiology II [Renal]

effects of: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Signaling Pathways

[Endocrinology] fatty acid metabolism and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

glucagon and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]



glycogen metabolism and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Glycogen [Biochemistry]

medical use of: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

pregnancy effects: Pregnancy [Reproductive]


side effects: Insulin [Endocrinology]

structure of: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

synthesis of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

insulinoma: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

insulin receptors: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

insulin resistance


acromegaly and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


gastric carcinoma finding: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]




skin changes: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

integrins: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

intellectual disability

deletion syndrome: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

ectopia lentis and: The Lens [Neurology]



maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) and: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

maternal varicellae zoster viral infection: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]


thyroid hormone and: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

trisomies: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Trisomies [Genetics]. See also specific trisomies

tuberous sclerosis and: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

WAGR syndrome: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

intellectualization: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

intention tremor: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

interferons: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]


for IL-12 receptor deficiency: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]

for multiple sclerosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]


for viral hepatitis: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

153


interleukins. See IL-1 (Interleukin 1) and other specific interleukins

intermediate filaments: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

internal bleeding, thrombolysis contraindications: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

internal carotid artery



internal genital tracts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

internal hemorrhoids: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

internal iliac nodes: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

internal intercostal muscles: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

internal jugular vein: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

internal oblique muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

internal rotation

of arm: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

of hip: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

of knee: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

international prognostic index (IPI) score: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

interosseous muscles: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

interpersonal rejection sensitivity: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

interposed nuclei: Cerebellum [Neurology]

interstitial fibrosis: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]; Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

interstitial lung disease: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Scleroderma [Immunology]

interstitial nephritis: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides

[Infectious Disease] interstitial pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

intervertebral discs: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

intestinal brush border: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

intestinal disorders: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See also specific disorders

intestinal gastric adenocarcinomas: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

intestinal ischemia: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

intestinal metaplasia: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

intestinal mucosa: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

intestinal nematodes: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

intestinal tapeworms: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

intestines

bilirubin metabolism: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

disorders of: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See

also specific disorders


ischemia of: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

malabsorption: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

normal flora of: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

intimate partner violence: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

intra-cardiac shunt: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

intracellular bacteria



staining of: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

intracellular fluid: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

intracellular hormones: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]. See also specific hormones

intracranial aneurysms: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

intracranial bleeding: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

154


intracranial calcifications

congenital CMV: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]



intracranial pressure (ICP): Eye Movements [Neurology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Intracranial

Bleeding [Neurology]

intradermal nevi: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

intraductal papilloma: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

intrahepatic cholestasis: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

intranasal influenza vaccine: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

intraocular pressure: Glaucoma [Neurology]

intraparenchymal bleed (hemorrhagic strokes): Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding

[Neurology] intrapleural pressure: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

intravascular hemolysis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

intravenous anesthetics: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

intravenous drugs, bioavailability (F): Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

intraventricular hemorrhage: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

intrinsic apoptosis pathway: Apoptosis [Pathology]

intrinsic factor: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal

Secretions [Gastroenterology]

intrinsic hand muscles: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

intrinsic hemolysis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

intrinsic pathway: Coagulation [Hematology]

intrinsic renal failure: Renal Failure [Renal]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (IMA): Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

introns: Transcription [Cell Biology]

intubation, DNI guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

intussusception: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

invasive ductal carcinoma: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

invasive gastroenteritis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

inverse psoriasis: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

involuntary response: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

iodide: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

iodine: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

iodine deficiency: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

iodine excess: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

iodine load: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

iodized salt: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

iodoquinol: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

ionizing radiation: Cerebellum [Neurology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes

[Immunology] IP3 second messenger system: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

gonadotropin-releasing hormone and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]




ipratropium: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

ipsilateral anosmia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

ipsilateral gaze palsy: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

irbesartan: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

iridocyclitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

155


irinotecan: DNA drugs [Hematology]

iris: The Pupil [Neurology]

iritis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

iron. See also iron overload

absorption: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

absorption, antacids affecting: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics

[Infectious Disease] cytochromes and: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

deficiency: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology];

Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

deficiency anemias: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Malabsorption

[Gastroenterology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


hemochromatosis: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

metabolism disorders: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

iron-chelating agents: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

iron overload



Cooley’s anemia and risk of: Thalassemias [Hematology]

hemochromatosis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

porphyria cutanea tarda symptom: Porphyrias [Hematology]

from transfusions: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

iron sulfur compounds (FeS): Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

irreversible cell injury. See necrosis

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

ischemia: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]





cerebral and lacunar stroke cause: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

coagulative necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation as cause of: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


intestinal: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]



strokes and: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

ischemic cardiomyopathy: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

ischemic colitis: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

ischemic limb: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

ischemic necrosis: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

ischemic priapism: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

ischemic ventricular tachycardia: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets): Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology];

Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

isocitrate: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

isocitrate dehydrogenase: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

isoimmunization: Blood Groups [Hematology]

isolation (defence mechanism): Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

isoleucine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

isoniazid (INH)

156


action of: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]


antacids and absorption of: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious

Disease] drug-induced lupus: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Systemic Lupus



niacin deficiency and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

tuberculosis prophylaxis and treatment: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

isopropyl alcohol: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]; Renal Failure [Renal]

isoproterenol: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

isosorbide: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

isosorbide dinitrate: Stable Angina [Cardiology]. See also nitrates

isosorbide mononitrate: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]. See also nitrates

isotonic fluid: Physiology I [Renal]

isotretinoin: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

itraconazole: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]; Fungal Skin

Infections [Infectious Disease]; HIV [Infectious Disease]

ivabradine: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

ivacaftor: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

ivermectin: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

IV fluid administration

acute pancreatitis treatment: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

diabetic ketoacidosis treatment: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

hypernatremia treatment: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

metabolic alkalosis treatment: Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

rhabdomyolysis treatment: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]


IV immunoglobulins

Guillain-Barre syndrome treatment: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

selective IgA deficiency treatment: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

Ixodes scapularis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

J Jacksonian seizure: Seizures [Neurology]

JAK2 mutation: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

Janeway lesions: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

janus kinases (JAK): Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

jaundice: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

with cholangitis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

with choledocholithiasis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

with cholestasis: Bile [Gastroenterology]

with cirrhosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

with galactosemia: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]


with hepatitis: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

pancreatic cancer finding: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

with viral hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

with Weil’s disease: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

with yellow fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

jaw jerk reflex: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

157


JC virus: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; DNA Viruses

[Infectious Disease]; HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

jejunal-ileal-colonic atresia: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

jejunum

aspirate: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

B vitamin absorption: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


lipid absorption: Bile [Gastroenterology]

vitamin absorption in: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

“jerk” nystagmus: Vestibular System [Neurology]

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

Jimson weed toxin: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

Jod-Basedow phenomenon (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

joints. See also arthritis; specific arthritides; specific joints

arthritis. See arthritis


disorders of: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]


hemophilia bleeding: Coagulopathies [Hematology]


replacements: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

Sjögren’s syndrome and: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

space narrowing: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

synovial: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

wrist sign: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

Jones criteria, for rheumatic fever: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

jugular vein



junctional nevi: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

justice: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

juvenile gout: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: Seizures [Neurology]

juvenile polyposis syndrome: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

juvenile polyps: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

juxtacortical chondromas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

juxtaglomerular apparatus: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

K K+ channels: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

Kala-azar: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Kallmann syndrome: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Hypogonadism [Reproductive];


Kaolin clotting time: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

Kaposi sarcoma: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; HIV [Infectious Disease];

Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Kartagener syndrome: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders

[Reproductive]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

karyolysis: Cell Injury [Pathology]

karyorrhexis: Cell Injury [Pathology]

karyotypes and karyograms: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive];

Down syndrome [Genetics]; Meiosis [Genetics]

158


Kasai procedure: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Kawasaki disease: Vasculitis [Immunology]

Kayser-Fleischer rings: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

K capsule: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

K cells: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

keloid: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

keratin

acne and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

cytoskeleton: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

hyperkeratosis and: Skin [Dermatology]

intermediate filaments and: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

isotretinoin and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

retinoic acid and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

in skin: Skin [Dermatology]

tinea infections and: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

keratinization

metaplasia and: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]


keratinocytes: Skin [Dermatology]

acantholysis and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

melanosomes and: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

sunburn and: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

keratin pearls: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

keratitis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

keratoacanthoma: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

keratoconjunctivitis: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]; Structural Eye

Disorders [Neurology]

keratohyalin granules: Skin [Dermatology]

kernicterus: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

Kernig sign: Meningitis [Neurology]

ketamine: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

ketoacidosis




pathophysiology: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

ketoconazole


cortisol synthesis and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

Cushing’s syndrome treatment: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

side effects: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

ketogenic amino acids: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

ketone reductase: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

ketones and ketone bodies: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

fasting state and: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

fatty acid disorder and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]


hypoketotic hypoglycemia and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

ketogenic amino acids and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

synthesis of: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

ketorolac: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

ketosis


159








kidney disease


drug administration with: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

Hartnup disease: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

kidneys. See also kidney stones; proximal tubules (kidney)

acid-base regulation: Acid Excretion [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

anatomy: Renal Anatomy [Renal]

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) diseases and: Vasculitis [Immunology]

arterial circulation: Renal Anatomy [Renal]



blood flow to: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

carnitine synthesis in: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]


development: Renal Embryology [Renal]

diabetic kidney disease: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

drug clearance: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

electrolytes: Electrolytes [Renal]


endocrinology: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

erythropoietin production in: Other Anemias [Hematology]


hormone regulation: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

hyponatremia and: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

malignancies: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]


nephrocalcinosis of: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


physiology: Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Physiology I [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]

quantifying function: Physiology II [Renal]

statin drugs and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

transplantation of: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

trauma to: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

tubulointerstitial disorders: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

vitamin D and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

kidney stones: Kidney Stones [Renal]

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors complication: Diuretics [Renal]


cysteine metabolic disorders and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

hematuria cause: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

hypercalcemia symptom: Electrolytes [Renal]

hyperparathyroidism and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

nephrocalcinosis and: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

parathyroid adenoma and: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

propranolol side effect: Headaches [Neurology]


Proteus spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

160



squamous cell carcinoma risk factor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]


urate nephropathy: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

vitamin C and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

vitamin D excess and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Killian’s triangle: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

kinesin: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

kinins and kinin system: Coagulation [Hematology]

kissing disease: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

KIT mutations: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

Klebsiella pneumonia: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

Klebsiella pneumoniae


urinary infections: Urinary Infections [Renal]


abscesses: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

antibiotic coverage: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]





spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

struvite stone association: Kidney Stones [Renal]

urinary tract infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

Klinefelter syndrome: Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes [Genetics]

aneuploidy: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

germ cell tumor risk factor: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

gynecomastia association: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

male breast cancer association: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

Klumpke palsy: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

Klüver-Bucy syndrome: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

knee: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

anatomy: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

deformities: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

extensor muscles: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]


injuries: Knee [Musculoskeletal]


primary bone tumors of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

pseudogout and: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

reflexes: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

knock-kneed: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

KOH prep: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

koilocytes and koilocytosis: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Penile

Disorders [Reproductive]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

Koplik spots: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Korsakoff syndrome: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

Krabbe’s disease: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

KRAS gene: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

KRAS gene: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

Krebs cycle. See TCA cycle

161


Krukenberg tumor: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Kübler-Ross model of grief: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

Kupffer cells: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

Kussmaul breathing: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

Kussmaul’s sign: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

acidosis symptom: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

signs and symptoms of: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

Kwashiorkor: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

kyphoscoliosis: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders

[Genetics] kyphosis: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

L L5 nerve root syndrome: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

La belle indifference: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

labetalol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

labia majora: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

labia minora: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

labile cells: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

labile tissues: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

labioscrotal swelling: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

labor: Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

laboratory techniques: Blotting [Cell Biology]

blotting: Blotting [Cell Biology]

ELISA: ELISA [Cell Biology]

FISH: Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

flow cytometry: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]

gel electrophoresis: Blotting [Cell Biology]

immunohistochemical staining: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

microarrays: Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

polymerase chain reaction: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

for thyroid disorders: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

Lachman test: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

lacrimal glands



lacrimation: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]





lacrimation reflex: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

lactase: Glucose [Biochemistry]

lactate

accumulation during exercise: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]






with mitochondrial disorders: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Ovarian Germ Cell


162


lactation: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

oxytocin and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

Sheehan syndrome and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

vitamin requirements for: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

lactational mastitis: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

lactic acidosis: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]


anion gap acidosis and: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

biguanides side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

cyanide poisoning: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]




nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors side effect: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

pyruvate and: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]


lactoferrin



lactose: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Glucose [Biochemistry]

lactose breath hydrogen test: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

lactose fermenters: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

lactose intolerance: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

lactotrophs: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

lactulose: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology] lacunar strokes: Cerebral and Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS): Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Lambert-Eaton syndrome: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

lamellar bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

lamina propria: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

laminar flow: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

lamins: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

lamivudine: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

lamivudine (NRTI): Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

lamotrigine: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Seizures [Neurology]

Lancefield grouping: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

Langerhans cells: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

Langhans giant cells: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]

language interpreters, for informed consent: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

lansoprazole: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

lanugo hair growth: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

LAP score: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

large cell carcinoma: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

large intestine



large vessel vasculitis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

laryngeal muscles: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

laryngotracheitis (croup): Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

larynx, muscles of: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

larynx cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

163


Lasègue's sign: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

Lassa fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Lassa fever encephalitis: Meningitis [Neurology]

latanoprost: Glaucoma [Neurology]

late-look bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

latent period (latency): Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

latent tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

lateral cerebellar lesions: Cerebellum [Neurology]

lateral collateral ligament (LCL): Knee [Musculoskeletal]

lateral epicondylitis: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

lateral geniculate nucleus: Visual Fields [Neurology]

lateral horn: Spinal Cord [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

lateral hypothalamus: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

lateral medullary syndrome: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

lateral motor tracts: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

lateral pontine syndromes: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

latex agglutination test: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

law of Laplace: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

laxative abuse: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

laxatives: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

LDL (low density lipoprotein)


cholesterol panel: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


treatment of: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

LDL receptors: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

L-Dopa

Parkinson’s disease treatment: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

phenylketonuria (PKU) treatment: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

lead poisoning

anemia and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin level and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

RBC histopathology: Thalassemias [Hematology]

lead time bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

learning disability: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT): Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

lecithins: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio): Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

lectin pathway: Complement System [Immunology]

leflunomide: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

left anterior descending artery: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

left atrial pressure: Shock [Cardiology]; Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]

left bundle branch block: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]; Heart Sounds

[Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

left circumflex artery: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

left curve shifts: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

left gastric artery: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

left heart failure: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

left lower quadrant pain: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders

[Gastroenterology] left main coronary artery: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

left shift: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

164


Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

Legionella pneumophila: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]





nephritis cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


leiomyoma (fibroid): Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

leiomyosarcoma: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

Leishmania donovani: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

lens: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Eye Movements [Neurology]; The Lens [Neurology]

lenticulostriate artery: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Intracranial

Bleeding [Neurology]

lentiform nucleus: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

lentigo maligna: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

lepirudin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

lepromatous leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]

leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; T-cells [Immunology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

leptin: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

leptomeningeal angioma: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

leptomeninges: Meningitis [Neurology]

Leptospira interrogans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Leptospira spp.: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

leptospirosis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Leser-Trélat sign: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

lesser horn, of hyoid: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

lesser omentum: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

lesser sac, of peritoneal cavity: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

lethal factor: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

lethal toxin: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

letrozole: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

Letterer-Siwe disease: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

leucine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

as branched amino acid: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


as ketogenic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


leucovorin

5-FU enhancer: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

bone marrow suppression treatment: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

myelosuppression treatment: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

leucovorin rescue: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

leukemias

acute: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

chronic: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]






treatment: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; Transplants [Immunology];

165


Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]


viruses and: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

leukemoid reaction: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

leukocyte adhesion deficiency: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP): Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

leukocyte esterase: Urinary Infections [Renal]

leukocytoclastic vasculitis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

leukocytosis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

leukodystrophy: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

leukoerythroblastosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

leukopenia



aplastic anemia symptom: Other Anemias [Hematology]

Ehrlichia spp. infection as cause of: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

ganciclovir side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]


lupus symptoms: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]


leukoreduction: Blood Groups [Hematology]

leukotriene receptor antagonists: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma

[Pulmonary] leukotrienes

AERD and: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

steroids and: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]



leuprolide: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]; Prostate

[Reproductive]; Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

levator ani muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

levator palatini muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

levetiracetam: Seizures [Neurology]

levodopa: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

levofloxacin: EKG Basics [Cardiology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

levomilnacipran: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

levothyroxine: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

Lewy bodies: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

Lewy body dementia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

Leydig cells: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology];

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

Leydig cell tumor: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

LH. See luteinizing hormone (LH)

Libman-Sacks endocarditis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

lice (disease vector): Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

lichen planus: Skin [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

licorice, mineralocorticoid effect of: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

Liddle’s syndrome: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

lidocaine: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

life support, decision-making for: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Genetic Principles

[Genetics] ligament of Treitz: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

166


ligamentum arteriosum: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]; Shunts [Cardiology]

ligamentum flavum hypertrophies: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

ligand-gated ion channel: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

Light’s criteria: Inflammation [Pathology]; Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

likelihood ratios: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

limb deformities: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II

[Reproductive] limb development: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

limbic system: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System[Neurology]

limited scleroderma (CREST): Scleroderma [Immunology]

linagliptin: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

linear correlation: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Lineweaver Burk plot: Enzymes [Basic Pharmacology]

linezolid: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci

[Infectious Disease] lingual lipase: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

linitis plastica: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

linkage disequilibrium and equilibrium: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

linkage mapping: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

liothyronine: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

lipases

acute pancreatitis and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

chronic pancreatitis finding: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

fat necrosis and: Necrosis [Pathology]

in saliva: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

lipid A: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

lipid drugs: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

lipid metabolism: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

cholesterol gallstones and: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]


in endoplasmic reticulum: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

estrogen effects on: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]



lipids

absorption: Bile [Gastroenterology]


bile and: Bile [Gastroenterology]

characteristics of: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

digestion: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

emulsification of: Bile [Gastroenterology]

lipases and: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

peroxidation of: Free Radicals [Pathology]

types of: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

in urine: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

lipid solubility, of inhaled anesthetic principles: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

lipofuscin: Free Radicals [Pathology]

lipohyalinosis: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

lipoic acid

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex co-factor: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

PDH complex deficiency treatment: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex co-factor: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex cofactor: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

167


lipolysis




niacin and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

lipooligosaccharide (LOS): Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

lipophilic statins: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

lipopolysaccharides (LPS): Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Virulence

[Infectious Disease] lipoprotein lipase: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]; Lipid Metabolism

[Biochemistry] lipoproteins: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

liposarcoma: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

liposomal amphotericin B: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

lipoteichoic acid (LTA): Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

lips, “cherry red”: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

liquefactive necrosis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Necrosis [Pathology]; Nerve Damage

[Neurology]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

liraglutide: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

Lisch nodules: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

lisdexamfetamine: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

lisinopril: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]


antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

granulomatous infection: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]




TH1 response and: T-cells [Immunology]

lithium: Lithium [Psychiatry]

acquired diabetes insipidus and: Sodium Disorders [Renal]


dialyzable substances: Renal Failure [Renal]


pregnancy contraindication: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

therapeutic index: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

thyroid hormone and: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

lithotomy position: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

liver: Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

abscesses: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

alanine cycle and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


amino acid uptake regulation: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

ammonia conversion by: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]


angiosarcoma of: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]


autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease association: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]

bile acid synthesis in: Bile [Gastroenterology]

bilirubin conjugation: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

biomarkers: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious

Disease]

168



carnitine synthesis in: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]


ceramide derivatives accumulation in: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

cholesterol synthesis and: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

coagulation factor synthesis in: Coagulation [Hematology]

colon cancer metastasis: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

copper metabolism in: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

Cori cycle and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

cysts in: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

drug elimination: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

drug metabolism and clearance: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Free Radicals [Pathology];

Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

dyslipidemias and: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]


endoplasmic reticulum of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


extravascular hemolysis in: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]



glucagon (G-protein) receptors in: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]








metastases: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Liver Tumors

[Gastroenterology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]


Plasmodium spp. infection: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

regeneration of: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]



toxicity: Seizures [Neurology]

tumors: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

urea cycle in: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

vitamin storage in: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Vitamins

[Biochemistry] liver disease: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]. See also cirrhosis

bile-liver patterns: Bile [Gastroenterology]


clotting factors loss: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

drug administration with: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]



macrocytosis cause: Other Anemias [Hematology]

MELD score for: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

RBC histopathology: Thalassemias [Hematology]


liver failure

causes: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

169





preeclampsia and: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

Reye’s syndrome and: Antiplatelets [Hematology]


tumors causing: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]. See also specific tumors

liver function tests: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

acute pancreatitis and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

aminotransferases for: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

antiarrhythmic drug and elevation of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

with fibrate use: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


methotrexate side effect: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

liver transplantation

familial amyloidosis treatment: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

primary biliary cirrhosis treatment: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

primary sclerosing cholangitis treatment: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

living will: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]; Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

lixivaptan: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

loading dose: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

Loa loa: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

lobar pneumonia: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]; Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary];

Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

local anesthesia: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

locked-in syndrome: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

lockjaw (trismus): Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

locus ceruleus: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

locus heterogeneity: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

Loeffler media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Loeffler syndrome: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

loiasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Lone Star tick: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

long bones: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

long thoracic nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

loop diuretics: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]





lithium interaction: Lithium [Psychiatry]



Loop of Henle: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

loosening of association: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

Looser zones: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

loperamide: Opioids [Psychiatry]

lopinavir: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

lorazepam: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Seizures [Neurology]

Lou Gehrig disease: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Spinal

Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

170


louses (disease vector): Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

lovastatin: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

low back pain: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

low birth weight: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

low body weight: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

low-density lipoprotein receptors: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

Lowenstein-Jensen agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

lower esophageal sphincter: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

lower facial droop: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

lower gastrointestinal bleeding (hematochezia): Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

lower motor damage: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Nerve Damage [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes

[Neurology] low molecular weight heparin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]; Quality

and Safety [Behavioral Science]

L-transposition of great vessels: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

L-type calcium channel blockers: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

L-type calcium channels: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

lumbar plexus: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

lumbar radiculopathy: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

lumbosacral plexus: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

lumbrical muscles: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

lunate: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

lung cancer: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

asbestosis association: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

metastases: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Lung Cancer

[Pulmonary] nephrotic syndrome association: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

lung capacities: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

lung compliance: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

lungs. See also lung cancer; lung transplantation

abnormal formation: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

abscesses: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


α1-anti-trypsin deficiency and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

anatomy: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]


blood flow: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

breast cancer metastases: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

carbon dioxide transport to: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

chest wall and: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

choriocarcinoma metastases to: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

edema of: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]

embryology: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

Haldane effect and: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]



methotrexate-induced lung injury: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

muscarinic agonist effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

Ohm’s law and: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

physical exam: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

physiology: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

red infarcts of: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

renal cell carcinoma metastasis: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

171




tumors: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

lung transplantation



cytomegalovirus association: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

lung volumes: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

pulmonary vascular resistance and: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

types of: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

lung zones: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

lupus

antiphospholipid syndrome association: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

drug-induced: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]





warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia association: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

lupus anticoagulant: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

lupus cerebritis: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

lupus nephropathy: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

lusitropy: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]; Systolic and

Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

luteal phase, of menstrual cycle: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

luteinizing hormone (LH)



during menstrual cycle: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

negative feedback by testosterone: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]


for spermatogenesis: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

spermatogenesis regulation: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

synthesis of: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

theca cells and: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

lye ingestion: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Lyme disease


cause: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

diagnosis: Blotting [Cell Biology]

lymph: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

lymphadenopathy

regional: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

with RNA viral infections: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

lymphangiosarcoma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

lymphangitis: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

lymphatic effusions (chylothorax): Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

lymphatic filariasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

lymphatic system

disorders of: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

in gastrointestinal tract: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

lymph node locations: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

172


lymph nodes: Lymph Nodes and Spleen [Immunology]

anatomy: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

dendritic cells and: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

locations: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


lymphomas and: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

as secondary lymphoid organ: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

lymphoblasts: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

lymphocyte antigens: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

lymphocytes


acute transplant rejection and: Transplants [Immunology]


development of: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

disorder of: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]


hairy cell leukemia histopathology of: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]


multiple sclerosis and: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]


lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

lymphocytic sialadenitis: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

lymphocytic thyroiditis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

lymphogranuloma venereum: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

lymphoid cells: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]


lymphoid follicles: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

lymphoid hyperplasia

appendicitis and: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


lymphoid organs: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

lymphomas. See also specific lymphomas


ataxia telangiectasia as risk factor for: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


Epstein–Barr virus association: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

overview: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

primary amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

risk factors: Apoptosis [Pathology]

RNA virus and: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA drugs [Hematology];

Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]; Transplants [Immunology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

Lynch syndrome: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors

[Reproductive] lyonization: Pedigrees [Genetics]

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

lysine

as basic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

carnitine synthesis from: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

in collagen: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

in histones: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

histones and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

173


as ketogenic amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

lipoic acid and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

lysis, complement-mediated: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

lysosomal storage diseases: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]. See also specific diseases

lysosomes: Cell Injury [Pathology]

lysozymes: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

lysyl oxidase: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

lytic cycle: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

lytic lesions (X-ray finding): Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

M MacConkey’s agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

macrocytic anemias: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]; Pyrimidine Metabolism

[Biochemistry] macroglia: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

macroglossia: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

macrolide antibiotics


babesiosis treatment: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]


Legionella spp. infection treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

macroorchidism: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF): Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

macrophages

acute inflammation and: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]



of bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]


cholesterol-filled: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]


granulomatous diseases of: T-cells [Immunology]



histoplasmosis and: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]



of nervous system: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

phagocytosis and: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


silicosis and: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]




macrosomia: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

macula: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]

macula densa: Physiology I [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

macular degeneration: The Retina [Neurology]

macular sparing: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Visual Fields

[Neurology] macules: Skin [Dermatology]

maculopapular rash: Skin [Dermatology]


174



microglide side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


RNA viruses and: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever feature: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

sulfonamide allergic reaction: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

syphilis feature: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

typhus: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Mad Cow disease: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

magnesium


hypocalcemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]

parathyroid hormone release and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

for torsade de pointes: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

magnesium citrate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

magnesium hydroxide: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

magnesium laxatives: Renal Failure [Renal]

magnesium sulfate: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Thalamus,

Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

maintenance (anesthesia): General Anesthesia [Neurology]

maintenance dose: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

major depressive disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

major duodenal papilla: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

major histocompatibility complexes (MHC): T-cells [Immunology]



helminth infection and: Helminths [Infectious Disease]




vitamin K deficiency cause: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

malaria: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

hemolytic anemia cause: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

sickle cell trait and: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]


thalassemias and: Thalassemias [Hematology]

treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

malar rash: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

Malassezia spp.: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

malate: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

malate dehydrogenase: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

malate shuttle: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle

[Biochemistry] male pattern balding: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

male reproductive system

breast cancer: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

development disorders: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]


hormones: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hormones of: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

malignancies

ascites worsening: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

175


of cell cycle (upregulation): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]


coagulopathy factor inhibitors and: Coagulopathies [Hematology]


hypercalcemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]


inflammatory myopathy association: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Leser-Trélat sign and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]



malignant effusion: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

malignant hypertension: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]

malignant hyperthermia: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]; Skeletal


malignant tumors: Neoplasia [Pathology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

malingering symptoms: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

Mallory bodies: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

Malloy-Weiss syndrome: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

malnutrition: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

malonyl-CoA

carnitine shuttle and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]




Maltese cross appearance: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

MALT lymphoma: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Non-

Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

maltose fermentation: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

maltose growth media: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

mammary duct ectasia: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

mammary glands: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

mammary ridges: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

mammillary bodies: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

mandible (jaw)

Burkitt’s lymphoma site: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]


osteomas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteonecrosis of: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


mandibular nerve: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

mania

schizoaffective disorder and: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

treatment: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

manic episode: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

“man-in-a-barrel” symptoms: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

mannitol: Diuretics [Renal]; Glaucoma [Neurology]

mannitol salt agar: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

mannose-6-phosphate: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

mannose associated serine proteases (MASPs): Complement System [Immunology]

mannose-binding lectin (MBL): Complement System [Immunology]

mantle cell lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

MAO inhibitors: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

maple syrup urine disease: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Other

176


Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

Marasmus: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

maraviroc: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

Marcus Gunn pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]

marfanoid habitus: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; The Lens [Neurology]; MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

Marfan syndrome

aortic dissection: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]


deficient fibrillin: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

ectopia lentis cause: The Lens [Neurology]

genetics: Genetic Principles [Genetics]


subarachnoid hemorrhage and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

marginal zone lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

marijuana: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

mask of pregnancy: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

masseter muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

mast cell degranulation: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

mast cells: B-Cells [Immunology]; Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]

mastectomy, angiosarcoma following: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

mastication: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

mastitis: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

matching

with case-control studies: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

with cohort studies: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

maternal antibodies: B-Cells [Immunology]; Blood Groups [Hematology]

maternal diabetes

congenital heart defects and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

fetal effects: Teratogens II [Reproductive]


polyhydramnios and: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]


maternal-fetal disorders: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology].

See also specific disorders

maternal phenylketonuria (PKU): Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

maxillary artery: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

maxillary nerve: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

maxillary process: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

MCAD deficiency: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of


McArdle’s disease: Glycogen [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

MCA stroke: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

McBurney’s point: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

McCune-Albright syndrome: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

MCL proteins: Apoptosis [Pathology]

McMurray test: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

mean: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

hypothesis testing and: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

t-test and: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

mean arterial pressure (MAP): Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

mean corpuscular Hgb concentration (MCHC): Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

177


mean corpuscular volume (MCV): Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

mean pulmonary artery pressure: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

means: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

mean systemic filling pressure (MSFP): Starling Curves [Cardiology]

measles: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]





vitamin A and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

mebendazole: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Helminths [Infectious Disease]

mechanical heart valves


hemolysis finding with: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

intravascular hemolysis and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]


mechanical hemolysis: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

mechanic’s hands: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Meckel’s cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

Meckel’s diverticulum: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders

[Gastroenterology]; Trisomies [Genetics]

meclizine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

meconium ileus: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

MECP2 gene mutations: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

medial circumflex femoral artery: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

medial collateral ligament (MCL): Knee [Musculoskeletal]

medial epicondylitis: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

medial lemniscus: Brainstem [Neurology]; Spinal Cord [Neurology]

medial longitudinal fasciculus: Brainstem [Neurology]; Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

medial medullary syndrome: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

medial meniscal tear: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

medial pons lesions: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

medial pontine syndromes: Brainstem [Neurology]

median: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

median eminence of hypothalamus: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

median nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow

[Musculoskeletal] median umbilical ligament: Placenta [Reproductive]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

mediastinal mass: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

Medicaid: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

medical abortion: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

medical errors, disclosure of: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

Medicare: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

medication reconciliation: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty

Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

medroxyprogesterone injection (Depo-Provera): Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

medulla: Brainstem [Neurology]


pyramidal system: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

tonsillar herniation and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

medullary carcinoma: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

178


medullary cavity (bone): Bone [Musculoskeletal]

medullary cords: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

medullary cystic kidney disease: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]

medullary sinuses (cavities) and chords, of lymph nodes: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

medullary thyroid carcinoma: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

medulloblastomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology];

Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

mefloquine: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

megakaryocytes: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

megaloblastic anemia: Other Anemias [Hematology]


causes of: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

folate and riboflavin deficiencies: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

with pyrimidine metabolic disorders: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

urea cycle disorders and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

vitamin B12 deficiency and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

meglitinides: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

Meigs syndrome: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

meiosis: Meiosis [Genetics]

deletion syndromes and: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

gamete production: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

genetic recombination and: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

independent assortment and: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

oogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

spermatogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

Meissner’s corpuscles: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

Meissner’s plexus: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

melanin: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

ACTH and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

disorders of: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

melanocyte stimulating hormone and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

synthesis of: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

tyrosine metabolism and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

melanocytes: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

ACTH and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

actions of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


melanocytic nevi: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

melanomas: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

melanocytic nevus and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]



melanosomes: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

melarsoprol: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

melasma: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

melatonin: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

MELD score: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

memantine: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

membrane attack complex (MAC): Complement System [Immunology]

membrane death receptors: Apoptosis [Pathology]

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN): MPGN [Renal]

membranous glomerular nephritis: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders

179


[Renal] membranous nephropathy: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

membranous ossification: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

membranous ventricular septum disease: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

memory B cells: B-Cells [Immunology]

memory impairment: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

memory T-cells: T-cells [Immunology]

limbic system and: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

type IV hypersensitivity reaction and: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) syndromes: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

Ménétrièr’s disease: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Meniere’s disease: Vestibular System [Neurology]

menin: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

meninges: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; Meningitis [Neurology]

meningiomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

neurofibromatosis 2 and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

olfactory bulb and: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]


meningismus: Meningitis [Neurology]


acute adrenal insufficiency and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

C5-C9 deficiency and: Complement System [Immunology]

communicating hydrocephalus association: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

coxsackievirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

cryptococcal: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]


Haemophilus influenza: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

herpes simplex virus: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

Leptospira interrogans: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]




Strep pneumonia: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam


meningocele: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

meningococcal outer membrane protein: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

meningococcemia: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence

[Infectious Disease] meningoencephalitis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]; Seizures [Neurology]

Menkes disease: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

menopause: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]


anovulatory cycle approaching: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

endometrial polyps and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

menorrhagia

endometriosis feature: Endometriosis [Reproductive]


von Willebrand disease and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

menstrual cycle: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

breasts during: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

iron loss during: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

phases: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

180


menstruation: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


progesterone and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

MEN syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia): MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

medullary carcinoma and: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

types of: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

mental retardation. See intellectual disability

mental status

decision-making capacity and: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]


hypercapnia and: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

meperidine

acute pancreatitis treatment: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

seizures and: Opioids [Psychiatry]

shivering treatment: Opioids [Psychiatry]

mepivacaine: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

Meralgia paresthetica: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

mercury, as teratogen: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

Merkel’s discs: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

meropenem

Enterococci spp. infections: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

overview: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


merozoites: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

mesangial cells: MPGN [Renal]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

mesangium: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

mesenchymal tissues

tumors of: Neoplasia [Pathology]

vimentin of: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

mesenchyme: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

gonads from: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

pharyngeal arches and: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

mesenteric adenitis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

mesenteric ischemia: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

mesenteric lymphadenopathy: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

mesentery: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

mesial temporal (hippocampal) sclerosis: Seizures [Neurology]

MESNA (sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate): Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Immunosuppressants

[Immunology] mesoderm: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Gastrointestinal Embryology

[Gastroenterology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Renal Embryology

[Renal] mesogastrium: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

mesonephric ducts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Renal

Embryology [Renal]

mesonephros: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

mesothelioma: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

mesothelium: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

messenger RNA (mRNA). See mRNA

meta analyses: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

metabolic acidosis: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]



181


compensation: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]


non-anion gap: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]; Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]



metabolic alkalosis: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]

bulimia nervosa: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and: Diuretics [Renal]

compensation: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

diuretic association: Diuretics [Renal]

primary aldosteronism and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

urinary chloride and: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

metabolic syndrome: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

metabolism. See also specific metabolic processes

of drugs: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]


inborn errors of. See inborn errors of metabolism


metacarpals: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

metachromatic leukodystrophy: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases

[Biochemistry] metachronous adenoma: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG): Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

metalloproteinases: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

metamorphopsia: The Retina [Neurology]

metanephrines

pheochromocytoma and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

pheochromocytoma diagnosis: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

metanephros: Renal Embryology [Renal]

metaphase (mitosis): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

metaphysis: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

metaplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Endometriosis [Reproductive]

metaplastic atrophic gastritis: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

metastases

bones: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

endometriosis and: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

gastric carcinomas: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]



lung cancer: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

osteosarcoma association: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

prostate cancer: Prostate [Reproductive]

by VIPomas: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

metastatic calcifications: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

metformin: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

methacholine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

methacholine challenge: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

methadone: Opioids [Psychiatry]

methanol: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

methanol toxicity: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

methemoglobin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

methemoglobinemia: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Local Anesthesia [Neurology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

methicillin: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

182


methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia

[Pulmonary]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease];

Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

methimazole




pregnancy class D: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

side effects: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


methionine: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

carnitine synthesis from: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

cystathionine ß synthase (CBS) deficiency and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

for cysteine metabolic disorders: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]



methionine synthase: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

methotrexate: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

choriocarcinoma treatment: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

ectopic pregnancy termination: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]

folate deficiencies and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]



molar pregnancy treatment: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

overview: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

pregnancy class X: Teratogens I [Reproductive]



sarcoidosis treatment: Sarcoidosis [Pulmonary]

methotrexate-induced lung injury: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

methotrexate toxicity: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

methoxyflurane: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

methyldopa


pregnancy α-blocker drug of choice: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]



methylene blue stain: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Local Anesthesia [Neurology]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious

Disease] methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

methyl folate trap: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

methylmalonic acid

B12 deficiency and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]



methylmalonic acid (MMA): Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

methylmalonic acidemia: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

methylmalonyl-CoA: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

methylmalonyl-CoA mutase: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors


methylmercury: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

methylphenidate

action of: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

183


narcolepsy treatment: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

methylprednisolone

action of: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]



metoclopramide: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

metolazone: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]

metoprolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure

[Cardiology] metritis: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

metronidazole


anaerobic infection treatment: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]


Bacteroides fragilis infection treatment: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

cephalosporins synergy: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium difficile colitis treatment: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

giardiasis treatment: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

for H. pylori infection: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

for protozoan infections: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]


side effects: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

metyrosine: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

Meyer-Overton rule: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

Meyer’s loop: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

MHC class I: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

MHC class II: B-Cells [Immunology]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; T-cells [Immunology]

MHC cross-matching screen: Transplants [Immunology]

micafungin: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

micelles: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Michaelis Constant (Km): Enzymes [Basic Pharmacology]

Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Enzymes [Basic Pharmacology]

miconazole


for dermatophyte infections: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

microaerophilic bacteria: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

micro-aneurysms: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]

microangiopathic hemolysis (MAHA): Hypertension [Cardiology]

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


HELLP syndrome feature: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

hemolytic uremic syndrome cause: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA): Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; External Hemolysis

[Hematology] microarrays: Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

microatheroma: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

microbiology

antimicrobial stewardship and: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

bacteria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

bacterial classification: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious

184


Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci

[Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

bacterial culture: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

bacterial genetics: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

bacterial growth: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious

Disease] bacterial virulence: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

mycobacterial infections: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

zoonotic infections: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

microcalcifications: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

microcephaly: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

deletion syndrome feature: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]


fetal hydantoin syndrome: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]; Teratogens II

[Reproductive] teratogens: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

microcomedo: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

microcytic anemias: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology];

Thalassemias [Hematology]

microcytosis: Inflammation [Pathology]

microdeletion: Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

microfibrils: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

microfilaments: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

microfractures: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

microglia: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Innate Immunity

[Immunology] microglides: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

micromelia: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

micropenis: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

microphthalmia: Trisomies [Genetics]

microRNA (miRNA): Transcription [Cell Biology]

microsatellite instability: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; DNA Repair [Cell

Biology] microscopic polyangiitis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP): Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Microsporum spp.: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

microtubule inhibitors: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Gout Drugs

[Musculoskeletal]; Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

microtubules: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

microvilli: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

midazolam: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

midbrain (mesencephalon): Brainstem [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

middle cerebellar peduncle: Cerebellum [Neurology]

middle cranial fossa: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

middle ear cavity: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

middle meningeal artery: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

middle scalene muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

midgut: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

mifepristone: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

miglitol: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

migraines: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Headaches

185


[Neurology] migratory arthralgias: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

migratory polyarthritis: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

miliary tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

milk, tetracycline absorption affected by: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

milk-alkali syndrome: Electrolytes [Renal]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Metabolic

Alkalosis [Renal]

milk lines: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

milnacipran: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

milrinone



mineral deficiencies: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

mineralocorticoids: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]


17-a hydroxylase deficiency and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

congenital adrenal hyperplasia treatment: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

excess disorders: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

minimal change disease: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

mini mental status exam: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

minimum alveolar concentration (MAC): General Anesthesia [Neurology]

minocycline: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

minors

decision-making capacity guidelines for: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

informed consent guidelines for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

miosis: The Lens [Neurology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]; The Pupil [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke

Syndromes [Neurology]

mirtazapine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

miscarriages: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II

[Reproductive]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

mischarged tRNA: Translation [Cell Biology]

mismatch repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

misoprostol


pregnancy termination: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

missense mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

mitochondria


damage of: Cell Injury [Pathology]



heme synthesis and: Porphyrias [Hematology]

pyruvate and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

TCA cycle in: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]


mitochondrial disorders: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

cytochrome oxidase deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]




PDH complex deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

186


pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

urea cycle in: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

mitochondrial genes: Pedigrees [Genetics]

mitochondrial myopathies: Pedigrees [Genetics]

mitochondrial protein: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC): Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

mitogens: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

mitosis: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

mitotic spindle: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

mitoxantrone: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

mitral murmurs: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

mitral regurgitation

afterload reduction and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

causes of: Valve Disease [Cardiology]



inferior infarction and: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]

murmur: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]


PCPW tracing and: Shock [Cardiology]


signs and symptoms: Valve Disease [Cardiology]



mitral stenosis

during diastole: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

hoarseness and: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]




Rheumatic fever association: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

signs and symptoms: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


valvular atrial fibrillation and: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


mitral valve

anatomy of: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]


inflammation of: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

myxomas and: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]


mitral valve prolapse

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease association: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]






mitral valve regurgitation: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

Mittelschmerz: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

mivacurium: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

mixed acid-base disorders: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

mixed connective tissue disease: Transcription [Cell Biology]

187


mixed germ cell tumors: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

mixed hypersensitivity reaction: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

mixing study: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

M. Kansasii: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

M. Leprae: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

M line: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

Mobitz I AV block: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

modafinil: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

mode: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

molar pregnancy: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

molecular motor proteins: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

molluscum contagiosum: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

monoamine oxidase (MAO): Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious

Disease] monoamines: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

monoarthritis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

monoclonal antibodies: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

monoclonal plasma cells: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

monocular diplopia: Eye Movements [Neurology]

monocular horizontal nystagmus: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

monocytes

“berry like” inclusions: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]



monodermal teratoma: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

mononuclear cells: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

mononucleosis: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

monosomy: Meiosis [Genetics]

mono spots: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

monozygotic twins (identical twins): Twins [Reproductive]

montelukast: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

mood disorders: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

decision-making capacity and: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

with psychosis: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

mood reactivity: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

mood stabilizers: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

MOPP protocol for Hodgkin lymphoma: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

Moraxella catarrhalis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease];

Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

morbilliform rash: Skin [Dermatology]

Moro reflex (startle reflex): Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

morphine: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

action of: Opioids [Psychiatry]

acute pulmonary edema treatment: Opioids [Psychiatry]

drug elimination: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

side effects: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

morphogenesis: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

morula: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

mosaicism: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

mosaic Turner syndrome: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

mosquito bites: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]

188


mosquito-borne viruses: Meningitis [Neurology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

mossy fibers: Cerebellum [Neurology]

motilin: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

motility structures: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

motion sickness: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

motor cortex: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Seizures [Neurology]

motor nucleus and nerve, deficits: Brainstem [Neurology]

motor pathway (corticospinal tract), deficits: Brainstem [Neurology]

motor tics: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

mouth

metallic taste: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

normal flora of: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious

Disease]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

ulcers of: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

movement disorders: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Parkinson’s,

Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders[Neurology]. See also specific disorders

moxifloxacin: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

M proteins: Valve Disease [Cardiology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

M protein virulence factor: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

mRNA

capping of: Transcription [Cell Biology]

in eukaryotes: Transcription [Cell Biology]

Northern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

translation template: Translation [Cell Biology]

untranslated regions of: Transcription [Cell Biology]

MRSA: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral

Science]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

mu (µ) receptor: Opioids [Psychiatry]

mucinogen: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

mucinous ascites: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

mucinous cystadenoma: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

mucocutaneous candidiasis: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

mucolipidosis disorders: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

mucopolysaccharidoses: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

mucopolysaccharidosis: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

mucormycosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

Mucor spp.: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

mucosa: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

antibodies for: B-Cells [Immunology]

gastrin and: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

inflammation of: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

vaccines and: B-Cells [Immunology]

mucosal neuromas: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

mucositis: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

mucous


respiratory tract: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]


stomach: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

synthesis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

mucous plugging: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

189


muddy brown epithelial cells: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

Mulberry molars: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

Mullerian agenesis: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

Mullerian ducts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Vaginal

Cancer [Reproductive]

Mullerian dysgenesis: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF): Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

multicystic dysplastic kidney: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

multifactorial inheritance: Pedigrees [Genetics]

multi-infarct dementia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

multimers: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

multi-organ failure: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

multiple gestations




twins: Twins [Reproductive]

multiple myeloma: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

osteolysis and: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]


primary amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]


multiple personality disorder: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

multiple sclerosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Spinal Cord

Syndromes [Neurology]

Marcus Gunn pupil cause: The Pupil [Neurology]

MLF syndrome association: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

oligodendroglia in: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

optic neuritis association: Visual Fields [Neurology]


mumps



salivary gland involvement: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

viral infection: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Munchausen by proxy: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

Munchausen syndrome: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

Munro microabscesses: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

murine typhus: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

murmurs

atrial septal defect (ASD): Shunts [Cardiology]


tetralogy of Fallot: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

types of: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

ventricular septal defect (VSD): Shunts [Cardiology]

muromonab-CD3 (OKT3): Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

Murphy’s sign: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

muscarinic adrenergic receptors: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

muscarinic agonists: Glaucoma [Neurology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

muscarinic antagonists: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]; Treatment of

COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

muscarinic blockers: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Gastrointestinal

190


Secretions [Gastroenterology]

muscarinic receptors: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; The Pupil [Neurology]; Salivary Glands

[Gastroenterology] muscle contraction: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth Muscle

[Musculoskeletal] muscle cramps: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

muscle fibers: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

muscles


alanine cycle: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]


contractions of: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

Cori cycle and: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]



disorders: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

dystrophies: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]; Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]






hypertrophy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

hypoxia: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]


ketolysis: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

muscular dystrophy histopathology: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

neuromuscular disorders: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

progressive muscle weakness: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

of pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]

skeletal: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]. See also skeletal muscle



tumors: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

vitamin deficiencies: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

vitamin storage: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

muscularis mucosa: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

musculocutaneous nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

mutant diphtheria protein: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

myalgias: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]



myasthenia gravis: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

acetylcholine receptors and: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

poor breathing mechanics caused by: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]



mycelium: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]


prophylaxis treatment for: HIV [Infectious Disease]

Mycobacterium bovis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

191


Mycobacterium spp.


cell wall of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

classification: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

granulomas: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]



type IV hypersensitivity reaction to: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis




stain: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

Th1 response and: T-cells [Immunology]


mycolic acid: Necrosis [Pathology]

mycolic acid cell walls: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

mycophenolate (immunosuppressant)

for purine metabolic disorders: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]


mycophenolic acid: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]






Mycoplasma spp.: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

mycosis fungoides: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

mycotic aneurysms: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

mydriasis (pupillary dilation): The Pupil [Neurology]

myelin


components of: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

demyelinating diseases: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

types of: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

myeloablation: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

myeloblasts: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

myelodysplasia: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

myelodysplastic syndromes: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis

[Gastroenterology] myelofibrosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

myeloid disorders: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

myeloma kidney: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

myelomeningocele: Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

myeloperoxidase: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

myeloproliferative disorders: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]


chronic leukemia: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]



myelosuppression


192


antitumor antibiotic side effect: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]


microtubule inhibitors side effect: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

topoisomerase inhibitor side effect: DNA drugs [Hematology]

myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach plexus): Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

myocardial infarction: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]


causes of death following: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


diagnosis: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

EKG changes: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]




Kawasaki disease complication: Vasculitis [Immunology]


revascularization indications: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

special complications: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]


systolic heart failure and: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

thienopyridine treatment: Antiplatelets [Hematology]



watershed area infarct and: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

myocardial infiltrations. See restrictive cardiomyopathy

myocardial relaxation. See lusitropy

myocarditis

coxsackie virus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


diphtheria and: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]



myocardium


ischemic pathological changes: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


myoclonic seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

myoepithelial cells: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

myofibrils: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

myofibroblasts: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

myogenic mechanism: Physiology I [Renal]

myoglobin: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

myoglobinuria: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

myoglobulin: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

myometrium: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]; Endometriosis

[Reproductive] myonecrosis: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

myopathy: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

myopericarditis: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

myophosphorylase deficiency: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

myopia (nearsightedness): The Lens [Neurology]

myosin: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

myosin filaments: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

193


myosin light chains: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

myositis: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

myositis ossificans (heterotopic ossification): Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

myotonic dystrophy: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

myotonic muscular dystrophy: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

myxedema (thyroid dermopathy): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

myxedema coma: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

myxomas: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

N N-acetylcysteine: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

N-acetylneuraminic acid: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI): Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide): Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

ethanol metabolism: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]



NADH dehydrogenase: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

nadolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

alcohol metabolism and: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]




NADPH oxidase: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]; HMP

Shunt [Biochemistry]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

Naegleria fowleri: Meningitis [Neurology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

nafcillin



for Staph aureus infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

nails

clubbing: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

glomus tumor of: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

pitting: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

psoriasis and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

psoriatic arthritis features: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]


naked viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

naloxone: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

naltrexone: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

naproxen: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

narcissistic personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

narcolepsy: Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

nasal hypoplasia: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

nasal polyps: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

nasal transepithelial potential difference: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

natalizumab: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

nateglinide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

natriuretic peptides: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

natural killer cells: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]

194


nausea/vomiting


acute pancreatitis symptom: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]


area postrema and: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

black liver: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

bulimia and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]






Malloy-Weiss syndrome cause: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

metabolic alkalosis: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]; Metabolic Alkalosis [Renal]




raised intracranial pressure feature: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

theophylline side effect: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]


vestibular dysfunction: Vestibular System [Neurology]

Necator americanus: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

neck. See head and neck

neck cells: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

necrolytic migratory erythema: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

necrosis: Necrosis [Pathology]

apoptosis vs.: Apoptosis [Pathology]

cell injury and: Cell Injury [Pathology]

dystrophic calcification cause: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


warfarin skin necrosis: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

necrotizing enterocolitis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

necrotizing fasciitis: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

causes: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


superantigens and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

necrotizing pneumonia: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

negative acute-phase reactants: Inflammation [Pathology]

negative inotropes: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

negative predictive value (NPV): Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Positive and Negative

Predictive Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

negative punishment: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

negative reinforcement: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

negative skew, of central tendency: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

Negri bodies: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]





septic arthritis cause: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

structures: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Neisseria meningitidis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

195








vaccine: B-Cells [Immunology]; Bacteria [Infectious Disease]



antibiotic coverage: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious

Disease] C5-C9 deficiency and: Complement System [Immunology]





mucosa colonization by: B-Cells [Immunology]



neomycin: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS): Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

neonates. See also infants; newborn screenings

biliary tree disorders: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

conjunctivitis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

deafness: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


floppy baby: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

hemolytic disease: Blood Groups [Hematology]

hemorrhage: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

herpes simplex virus and: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

hypoglycemia: Teratogens II [Reproductive]


jaundice: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

lupus: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

maple syrup urine disease: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

meningitis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Meningitis [Neurology]

mitochondrial disorders: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]


phenylketonuria (PKU) screening: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

pneumonia: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

pyruvate kinase deficiency: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

scalded skin syndrome: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

strawberry hemangioma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

vitamin deficiencies: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

neoplasia: Neoplasia [Pathology]

neostigmine: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]


myasthenia gravis treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders

[Musculoskeletal] nephritic syndrome: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]


pathology: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

post-streptococcal infection: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

196


nephritis

Henoch-Schönlein purpura and: Vasculitis [Immunology]

hereditary: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]



nephrocalcinosis: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus



treatment: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

nephrolithiasis. See kidney stones

nephron

disorders: Renal Embryology [Renal]

physiology: Acid Excretion [Renal]; Nephron Physiology [Renal]

nephropathy

Berger’s disease: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

diabetes nephropathy: Lithium [Psychiatry]; Renal Failure [Renal]

lead poisoning and: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


membranous: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

nephritic syndrome cause: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

nephrotic syndrome cause: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

urate nephropathy: Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

viral hepatitis and: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

nephrotic syndrome: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]






pathology: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

nephrotoxicity

acyclovir side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

aminoglycoside side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]





methoxyflurane side effect: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

vancomycin side effect: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

neprilysin inhibitors

side effects: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]


nerve damage: Nerve Damage [Neurology]. See also specific nerves

nerve palsies. See also specific nerves


toxoplasmosis and: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

nerve root syndromes: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

nerves, development: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

nervous system


cells of: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

dermatomes: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

197


nerve damage: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

neuroembryology: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

reflexes: Reflexes [Neurology]

structures. See auditory system; basal ganglia; cerebellum; cerebral cortex; cranial nerves; hypothalamus;

limbic system; sinuses (brain); spinal cord; thalamus; ventricles (brain); vestibular system

trinucleotide repeat disorders and: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

nesiritide: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

neural crest: Germ Layers [Reproductive]

neural crest cells

aorticopulmonary septum embryology: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

pharyngeal arches and: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

thyroid gland development: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

Treacher Collins syndrome and: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

truncus arteriosus and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

neural ectoderm: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

neural plate: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

neural tube: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

neural tube defects: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Ventricles and

Sinuses [Neurology]

folate deficiencies and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

sirenomelia association: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

teratogens and: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

neuraminidase: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

neurapraxia: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

neuroblastoma: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

neurofilaments and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]


neurocrine: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

neurocutaneous disorders: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

neurocysticercosis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

neuroectoderm: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

neuroectoderm cells: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

neuroembryology: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

neuroendocrine tumors: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

small cell lung cancer: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

neurofibrillary tangles: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

neurofibromatosis: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Neurocutaneous Disorders

[Dermatology] neurofilaments: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

neurogenic claudication: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

neuroleptics: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]


uses: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

neuromuscular blockade: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

neuromuscular blockers: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

neuromuscular disorders: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

physiological atrophy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]


neurons: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

of blood-brain barrier: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

198



filaments of: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

ischemia: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

Nissl bodies: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

opioids’ effect on: Opioids [Psychiatry]

structures: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

neuropathy. See also peripheral neuropathy

acute intermittent porphyria symptom: Porphyrias [Hematology]




leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]


metronidazole side effect: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


platinum agent side effect: DNA drugs [Hematology]

polyol pathway and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]


pyridoxal phosphate toxicity and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

neuropores: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

neurosyphilis: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

neurotoxicity

carbapenem side effect: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

cytarabine side effect: Antimetabolites [Hematology]



maple syrup urine disease and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

neurotoxins: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]. See also specific neurotransmitters

neutropenia: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease];


neutrophils


blood stream exit of: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

candida infections: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


hyper-IgE syndrome and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]



phagocytosis and: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


transfusion-related acute lung injury and: Blood Groups [Hematology]


never events, quality measurements for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

nevirapine: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

nevus (mole): Skin [Dermatology]

nevus flammeus (port wine stain): Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

nevus simplex: Skin [Dermatology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

newborns. See infants; neonates

newborn screenings

for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]


199


for hereditary fructose intolerance: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

for SCID: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

for thyroid hormone: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

niacin: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

deficiencies: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

excess: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Hartnup disease treatment: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

hyperlipidemia and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

pyruvate dehydrogenase and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

synthesis, pyridoxal phosphate and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

tryptophan metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

nicardipine

action of: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]


nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. See NADPH

nicotine: Stimulants [Psychiatry]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

nicotinic blockers: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

nicotinic receptors: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Skeletal

Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

Niemann-Pick disease: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

nifedipine: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]


gestational hypertension treatment: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

nifurtimox: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

night blindness


retinitis pigmentosa and: The Retina [Neurology]


nightmare disorders: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

Nikolsky sign: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]; Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin Infections

[Dermatology] nimodipine: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

nipple discharge: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

nipples: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

Nissen fundoplication (refractory GERD): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Nissl bodies: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Nerve Damage [Neurology]

nitazoxanide: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

nitrates

action of: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]

adverse effects: Stable Angina [Cardiology]



contraindications: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

for heart failure: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]


withdrawal (rebound): Stable Angina [Cardiology]

nitric oxide

arginine metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

hemolytic disorders and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

methemoglobinemia cause: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]


toxic megacolon and: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

200


nitric oxide drugs: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

nitric oxide synthase: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

nitrites

for cyanide poisoning: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

urinary infections and: Urinary Infections [Renal]

nitroblue tetrazolium test: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

nitrofurantoin: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


for urinary infection: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

nitrogen mustards: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

nitrogenous bases: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

nitroglycerin (topical): Stable Angina [Cardiology]. See also nitrates

nitroglycerine. See also nitrates



contraindications: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

nitroprusside


cyanide poisoning: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]



nitrosamines: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

nitrosoureas: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

nitrous oxide: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

nizatidine




N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

Nocardia spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

chronic granulomatous disease and: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Free Radicals [Pathology];


[Immunology] growth requirements: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]



nodal osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

nodular glomerulosclerosis: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

nodular hyperplasia: Prostate [Reproductive]

nodular melanoma: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

nodular sclerosing: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

noise-induced hearing loss: Auditory System [Neurology]

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Diuretics [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal];

Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

non-bacterial, thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE): Endocarditis [Cardiology]

nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

noncaseating granulomas



noncommunicating hydrocele: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

noncommunicating hydrocephalus: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

201


noncompetitive antagonists: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

noncompetitive inhibitors: Enzyme Inhibitors [Basic Pharmacology]

noncompliant lung: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

noncompliant patients: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

non-dihydropyridines: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

nondisjunction (meiotic): Meiosis [Genetics]

Down syndrome and: Down syndrome [Genetics]


non-germ cell tumors: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

non-gestational choriocarcinoma: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

non-gonococcal urethritis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

non-heme iron: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]


testes involvement: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]



non-homologous end joining (NHEJ): Cerebellum [Neurology]; DNA Repair [Cell Biology]; Immune Deficiency

Syndromes [Immunology]

non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

non-ischemic priapism: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

non-maleficence: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

non-occlusive ischemia: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

non-palpable purpura: Vasculitis [Immunology]

nonproliferative retinopathy: The Retina [Neurology]

non-punitive responses: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

non-selective culture media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

non-selective mao inhibitors: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

non-seminoma germ cell tumors: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

nonsense mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

non-small cell cancers: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Microtubule Inhibitors

[Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; NSTEMI and Unstable Angina

[Cardiology] nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). See NSAIDs

“non treponemal” test: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

norepinephrine: ANS Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology];

Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

action of: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]


blockade: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]






receptors: The Pupil [Neurology]



202


stimulants and: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

sympathetic nervous system and: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]



norfloxacin: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

normal (Gaussian) distribution: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

normal sinus rhythm: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

normochromic anemias: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

normocytic anemias: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Other Anemias [Hematology]

anemia of chronic disease: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

defined: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

intrinsic hemolysis: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

types of: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

norovirus: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]; RNA Viruses

[Infectious Disease] northern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

Norwalk virus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

nose

congenital syphilis and: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

rosacea and: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]


nosebleeds: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

nosocomial infections




pneumonia: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

treatment: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

notochord: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

novobiocin: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn) insulin: Insulin [Endocrinology]

NSAIDs

acute heart failure and: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]


ankylosing spondylitis treatment: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]


calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease treatment: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]


endometriosis treatment: Endometriosis [Reproductive]



gout treatment: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

headache treatment: Headaches [Neurology]


immunology and: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]


migraine treatment: Headaches [Neurology]

nephrotic syndrome cause: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]



pericarditis treatment: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

203


reactive arthritis treatment: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

renal effects: Physiology II [Renal]


tubulointerstitial disorders cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

nuchal rigidity: Meningitis [Neurology]

nuchal translucency



nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

nucleosides: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

nucleosomes: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

nucleotide excision repair: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

nucleotides: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

action of: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

nucleosides vs.: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

for PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

synthesis of: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

nucleus accumbens: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

nucleus ambiguus: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

nucleus pulposus: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

null hypothesis (H0): Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

number need to harm (NNH): Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

number of data points (subjects): Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Hypothesis Testing

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

nursemaid’s elbow: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

nutmeg liver: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

nutrient agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

nutritional rehabilitation: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

nystagmus: Vestibular System [Neurology]

brainstem disorder feature: Brainstem [Neurology]

causes: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]



Wernicke triad: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

nystatin


bacterial cultures and: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

candida infection treatment: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

oral thrush treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

O O antigen: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

obesity






endometrial hyperplasia risk factor: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

esophageal cancer risk factor: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

fatty liver disease risk factor: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]



204


hernia risk factor: Hernias [Gastroenterology]


neural tube defect risks: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

osteoarthritis risk factor: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]




renal cell carcinoma risk factor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

type 2 diabetes risk factor: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

obligate aerobes: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

obligate anaerobes: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease];

Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]

obligate intracellular bacteria: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease];

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic

Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

observer bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

obsessions: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]


Tourette syndrome association: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

obstructive jaundice: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

obstructive lung disease: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

obstructive shock: Shock [Cardiology]

obstructive sleep apnea: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]; Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

obturator externus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

obturator internus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

obturator nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

occipital lobe: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

auras: Seizures [Neurology]

hemorrhages of: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

occludin: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

occupational lung diseases: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

occupational therapy: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

ochronosis: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

octreotide: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

carcinoid syndrome treatment: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

glucagonoma treatment: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

growth hormone excess treatment: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

VIPoma treatment: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

ocular albinism: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

ocular motor nerves: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

oculocutaneous albinism (OCA): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

[Biochemistry]; Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

oculomotor nerve (CN III): Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

aneurysms and: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

compression: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

deficits: Brainstem [Neurology]; Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

eye movements: Eye Movements [Neurology]

function: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

pupillary contraction: The Pupil [Neurology]

odd chain fatty acids: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

205



synthesis: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation

[Biochemistry] odds ratios: Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology];

Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Ogilvie syndrome: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Ohm’s law: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

Okazaki fragments: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

olanzapine: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

olfactory bulb: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

olfactory groove meningiomas: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

olfactory hallucinations: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

olfactory nerve (CN I): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

oligoclonal bands: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

oligodendrocytes: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

oligodendroglia: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

oligodendroglioma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

oligohydramnios: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

pregnancy class D drugs: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

sequence: Renal Embryology [Renal]

oligomycin A: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

oligosaccharide hydrolases: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

oligosaccharides: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

oligospermia: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

O-linked oligosaccharides: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

omalizumab: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

omega-3 fatty acids: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

omentum: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

omeprazole

blocks H+ secretion: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]




omphalocele: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Trisomies [Genetics]

Onchocerca volvulus: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

onchocercoma: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

oncogenes: Neoplasia [Pathology]

oncogenesis: Transcription [Cell Biology]

oncotic pressure: Inflammation [Pathology]; Physiology I [Renal]

ondansetron: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

one-and-a-half syndrome: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

onion-skin fibrosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

onion skin finding: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

onion-skinning lysosomes: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

onycholysis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

onychomycosis: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

oogenesis: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

open angle glaucoma: Glaucoma [Neurology]

open comedos: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

operant conditioning: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

ophthalmia neonatorum: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

ophthalmic nerve (V1): Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

ophthalmic zoster: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

206


ophthalmopathy: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

opioids: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Opioids

[Psychiatry] opioid tolerance: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

opioid withdrawal: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

opponens digiti minimi: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

opponens pollicis: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

opportunistic infections: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

drug-induced: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

HIV/AIDs and: HIV [Infectious Disease]


oppositional defiant disorder: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA): Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

opsonin: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

opsonization

antibody function: B-Cells [Immunology]



optic atrophy: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

optic chiasm: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

optic disc: The Retina [Neurology]

optic gliomas: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

optic nerve (CN II): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

optic neuritis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; The Pupil [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

optochin test: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

oral antidiabetic agents: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

oral bullae: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

oral candidiasis (thrush): Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

oral contraceptives



estrogen and progesterone analogs: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]




melasma and: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

polycystic ovarian syndrome treatment: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


pyridoxal phosphate supplementation with: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

risk factors: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


oral fixation: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

oral hairy leukoplakia: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

oral herpes: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

oral thrush: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

oral ulcers


pemphigus vulgaris and: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]



orchiopexy: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

orchitides: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

orexin-A and -B: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

207


organ donation, informed consent guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

organic acidemias

hyperammonemia and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]


organ of Corti: Auditory System [Neurology]

organogenesis: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

organophosphate poisoning: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

organ transplants: Transplants [Immunology]

antimetabolite use with: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

immunotherapy for: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

MHC matching for: Transplants [Immunology]

organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT): Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

origin, of muscles: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

ornithine: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ornithine transcarbamoylase: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ornithine transcarbamylase: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

oropharyngeal cancer: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

oropharyngeal cancers: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

orotic acid: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

orotic aciduria: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

megaloblastic anemia and: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

megaloblastic anemias cause: Other Anemias [Hematology]

pyrimidine metabolic disorder: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

urea cycle disorders: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Orphan Annie’s eye nuclei: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

orthomyxoviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

orthostatic (postural) hypotension: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology];

Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

oseltamivir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

Osgood-Schlatter disease: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

Osler nodes: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

osmolarity: Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Physiology I [Renal]

osmosensory neurons: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

osmotic diarrhea: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

osmotic diuretics: Diuretics [Renal]

osmotic fragility test: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

osmotic laxatives: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

osteitis deformans: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Breast Carcinoma

[Reproductive] osteitis fibrosa cystica: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal Failure

[Renal] osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

osteoblastic lesions (metastases): Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Prostate [Reproductive]

osteoblastoma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteoblasts: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

of bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

bone tumors and: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

regulation of: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

teriparatide and increased activity of: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

osteocalcin: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

osteochondroma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

208


osteoclasts: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

bisphosphonates: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]



regulation of: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

osteocyte: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

osteogenesis imperfecta

collagen production defect: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]


osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease)

causes of: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

clinical features (signs and symptoms): Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

osteoid: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

osteoid core: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteoid osteoma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteolysis: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

osteomalacia


hypophosphatemia symptom: Electrolytes [Renal]

overview: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]


osteomas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

osteomyelitis

blastomycosis and: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

Citrobacter spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]




sickle cell anemia and: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

in sickle cell patients: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


osteonecrosis: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

osteopenia: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]


steroids and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

osteopetrosis: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

osteophytes: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

osteoporosis: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]


anticoagulant drug side effect: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

cancer drug side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

causes: Bone [Musculoskeletal]



overview: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]




steroids and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]



treatment: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


209


osteoprotegerin (OPG): Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

osteosarcoma: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

Paget’s disease risk factor: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

teriparatide use and: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


osteosclerosis: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

otitis externa


treatment: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

otitis media

causes: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

hearing loss: Auditory System [Neurology]


treatment: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

otoconia: Vestibular System [Neurology]

otolith organs: Vestibular System [Neurology]

otosclerosis: Auditory System [Neurology]

ototoxicity

aminoglycoside side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]



vancomycin side effect: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

outliers: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

oval fat bodies: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

ovarian cancer

breast feeding to lower risk of: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) association: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

treatment: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

ovarian cysts: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

hCG levels: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

ovarian epithelial cancer: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

ovarian epithelial tumors: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

ovarian fibroma: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

ovarian follicles: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Ovarian

Cysts [Reproductive]

ovarian theca lutein cysts: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

ovaries

anatomy: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

cysts: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]



granulosa cell tumor: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

hormones regulation: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


non-gestational choriocarcinoma: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

stromal tumors: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

tumors: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Germ

Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors[Reproductive]


overriding aorta: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

overtreatment, prevention of: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

ovotesticular disorder of sexual development: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

ovulation: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

210


ovum: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

owl’s eye nuclei: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

oxacillin: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

oxaliplatin: DNA drugs [Hematology]

oxaloacetate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]




malate shuttle and: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]



oxidase test: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

oxidation reactions: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

oxidative phosphorylation

disruption of: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]


free radical generation: Free Radicals [Pathology]

uncoupling of: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

oxidative stress



oxybutynin: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

oxygen. See also hypoxia

bacterial growth requirements and: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]


carbon monoxide poisoning treatment: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

cardiac output (CO) and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

cluster headache treatment: Headaches [Neurology]


delivery to tissues: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]


oxygen diffusion-perfusion: Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

oxygen saturation: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

oxyhemoglobin

dissociation curves: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]; Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

teratogens: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

oxytocin

actions of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


posterior pituitary gland and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]



P p53 tumor suppressor gene: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

P450 enzyme inhibitors: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

P450 enzymes: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

P450 system: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

pacemakers

action potentials: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

AV block treatment: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

cardiac muscles and: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

EKGs and: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

211


escape rhythm and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

pacinian corpuscles: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

packed RBCs (blood product): Blood Groups [Hematology]

paclitaxel: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Microtubule Inhibitors

[Hematology] Paget cells: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

Paget disease: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Breast Carcinoma

[Reproductive] pain (dolor), from inflammation: Inflammation [Pathology]

pain control: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

painless jaundice: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

palate, cleft. See cleft lip and palate

palatine tonsils: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

paliperidone: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

palivizumab: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

palmar erythema: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

palmar fascia: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

palmar reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

palmitate: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

palpable purpura: Vasculitis [Immunology]

palpitations: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

pamidronate: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

pampiniform plexus: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

panacinar damage: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

panacinar emphysema: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Pancoast tumor: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

pancreas: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]. See also pancreatitis

abscesses: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]


calcification of: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

cancer of: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

embryology: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]


glucose entry into cells: Glucose [Biochemistry]


hyperglycemia and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

tumors: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

tumors of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

pancreas divisum: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic amylase: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic cholera syndrome: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic duct cells: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic-duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

pancreatic insufficiency: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Cystic Fibrosis

[Pulmonary]; Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans): Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology];


pancreatic lipase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

pancreatitis: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer

[Gastroenterology]. See also acute pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis

Brunner’s gland hypertrophy complication: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

calcification and: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

212










pancuronium: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

pancytopenia: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

aplastic anemia and: Other Anemias [Hematology]

histoplasmosis feature: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]




panencephalitis: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

panic attacks: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

panic disorder: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

panniculitis: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

pannus: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

pantoprazole

action of: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]



pantothenic acid: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pantothenic acid deficiencies: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

PaO2 (partial pressure oxygen): Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]; Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion

[Pulmonary] papillary carcinoma (thyroid): Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin’s tumor): Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

papillary muscles: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

papillary necrosis: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

papilledema: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]; Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

papillomas: Neoplasia [Pathology]

papillomavirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]. See also human papillomavirus (HPV)

Pap smear: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Public Health [Behavioral

Science] papules: Skin [Dermatology]

para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA): Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

para-aminohippuric acid (PAH): Physiology II [Renal]

paracortex (of lymph nodes): Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

paracrine: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

paradoxical S2 splitting: Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

paraesophageal hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

parafollicular cells (C-cells): Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

paraganglioma: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

Paragonimus westermani: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

parainfluenza: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

parakeratosis: Skin [Dermatology]

paralysis

conversion disorder: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

endocarditis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]


213


hypermagnesemia: Electrolytes [Renal]


nerve damage: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

rabies: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

strokes: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

paralytics: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

paramedian branches (basilar artery): Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

paramedian pontine reticular formation: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

paramyxoviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

paraneoplastic pemphigus: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

paraneoplastic syndromes: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Renal and

Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

paranoia: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

paranoid delusions: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

paranoid personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

parasagittal meningioma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

parasitemia: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

parasites

antibody defense against: B-Cells [Immunology]

innate immunity response to: Innate Immunity [Immunology]


protozoa: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

parasomnias: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

parasympathetic ganglia: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

parasympathetic nervous system

actions of: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]






saliva regulation by: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

parasympathomimetics: Glaucoma [Neurology]

paratesticular tumors: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

parathyroid adenoma: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]; Parathyroid

Glands [Endocrinology]

parathyroid glands: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

anatomy: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

development: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]



hypomagnesemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]



parathyroid hormone (PTH): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

action of: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]


bone effects: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

regulation: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]


parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP): Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

214


paraurethral (Skene) glands: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

paraventricular nuclei: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

parental notification: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

parent-child interaction therapy: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

parenteral drug administration: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

paresthesias




pantothenic acid deficiencies and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

parietal cells

autoimmune destruction of: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


gastrointestinal secretions: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]


parietal lobes: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

Parinaud syndrome: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Brainstem [Neurology]

Parkinsonian symptoms

dopamine antagonists and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

metoclopramide side effect: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

Wilson’s disease and: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Wilson’s Disease and


Parkinson’s disease: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders[Neurology]


catecholamine metabolic disorder: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]



treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

ubiquitin-proteasome activity in: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

parotid glands: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

parotid gland tumors: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

parotitis: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology];

Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): Complement System [Immunology]


parrot fever: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

pars compacta: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

partial agonists: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

partial molar pregnancy: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

partial pressure carbon dioxide (PaCO2): Carbon Dioxide [Pulmonary]

partial seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

partial thickness burns: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

partial thromboplastin time (PTT): Coagulation [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]

with anticoagulant drugs: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

elevation: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

liver and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

with lupus: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

prolonged: Coagulation [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

parvovirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

parvovirus B19

anemia and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

215



aplastic crisis: Thalassemias [Hematology]

hereditary spherocytosis and: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]




passive aggression: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

passive immunity: B-Cells [Immunology]; Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

Pasteur effect: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]


Patau syndrome: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Trisomies

[Genetics] patches: Skin [Dermatology]

patella: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

patellar fracture: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

patellar reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

congenital rubella syndrome and: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]


Eisenmenger’s syndrome and: Shunts [Cardiology]

maternal diabetes and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]




types of: Shunts [Cardiology]

viruses and: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

patent foramen ovale: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]; Shunts

[Cardiology] patent urachus: Placenta [Reproductive]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs): Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Innate

Immunity [Immunology]

pathological fractures

bone disorders and tumors and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]


osteoporosis and: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

pathologic calcification: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

patient-physician relationships

abortion and: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

declining care for patients: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

sexual misconduct, defined: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

patterning: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

pauci-immune nephritis: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

PBC: Physiology I [Renal]

PComm aneurysm: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

PCSK9 inhibitors: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

PDE-5 inhibitors: Prostate [Reproductive]

Pearson coefficient. See correlation coefficient

peau d'orange (skin dimpling): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

pectinate (dentate or anocutaneous) line: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

pectineus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

pectoriloquy: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

pectus excavatum (sunken chest): Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

pediatric GERD: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

216


pediatric patients

abuse and neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]; Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]



aspirin avoidance with: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

bone disorders: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

brain tumors: Brain Tumors [Neurology]


causes of death: Neoplasia [Pathology]

eczema: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

greenstick fractures: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

hip disorders: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

hypoglycemia in: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

ketosis in: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]




neuroblastomas in: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

osteomyelitis: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

pneumonia causes: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

psychiatric disorders: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]



rickets and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

seizure causes: Seizures [Neurology]

tetracycline precautions: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

torus fracture: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

pedigrees: Pedigrees [Genetics]

pedunculated adenomatous polyp: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

pegloticase: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

pellagra: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Other Amino Acids

[Biochemistry] pelvic inflammatory disease


ectopic pregnancy risk: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

endometritis cause: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]


pemphigus: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

pemphigus foliaceus: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

pemphigus vulgaris: Blistering Disorders [Dermatology]

acantholysis and: Skin [Dermatology]

epithelial cell skin disorder: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]


“pencil in cup” deformity: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

pendular nystagmus: Vestibular System [Neurology]

penetrance: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

penicillamine: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

penicillin G


syphilis treatment: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

penicillins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

Actinomyces spp. infection treatment: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


217



adverse effects: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

antistaphylococcal: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

cephalosporin cross-reactivity: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

diphtheria treatment: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


group B strep prophylaxis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

hemolytic anemia cause: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

natural penicillins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

pharyngitis treatment: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

probenecid synergy: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

resistance: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious

Disease] resistance to: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

rheumatic fever treatment: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]



penile fracture: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

penis

anatomy: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

cancer: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

disorders: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

pentamidine



Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

pentobarbital: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

pentose phosphate pathway. See HMP shunt

pentoxifylline: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

PEP carboxykinase: Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

pepsin: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

peptic ulcers: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]



MEN syndrome and: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]


peptidoglycan: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


virulence factors: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

peptidyl transferase: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]

Peptostreptococcus spp.




lung abscesses: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

percussion: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

perforated ulcers: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]


Brunner’s gland hypertrophy complication: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastric ulcers: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

X-ray findings: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

perforations: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Special Growth

218



perforins: T-cells [Immunology]

perfusion: Ventilation and Perfusion [Pulmonary]

perianal fistulas: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

perianal itching: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS): Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

pericardial disease: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

pericardial knock: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

pericarditis: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

Dressler’s syndrome and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


scleroderma and: Scleroderma [Immunology]

treatment: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


pericyte degeneration: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; The Retina [Neurology]

periductal fibrosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

periductal mastitis: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

perimysial inflammation: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

perineum: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

periorbital purpura (raccoon eyes): Amyloidosis [Hematology]

periosteum: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

peripheral artery disease: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

peripheral cell counts: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

peripheral cyanosis: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

peripheral embolism: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

peripheral eosinophilia: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

peripheral nerve damage: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

peripheral nerves: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

peripheral nerve stimulator: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

peripheral nervous system (PNS): Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]

peripheral neuropathy


Chediak-Higashi syndrome and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


cytarabine side effect: Antimetabolites [Hematology]



testing: Spinal Cord [Neurology]


peripheral vascular disease: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

peripheral vasodilation: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

peripheral vision: The Retina [Neurology]

periplasm: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

peritoneal dialysis: Renal Failure [Renal]

peritonitis: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

acute abdomen cause: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Bacteroides fragilis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]


periumbilical hemorrhage: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

periventricular plaques: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

perkeratosis: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

permanent atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

pernicious anemia: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology];

219



peroxisomes: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Free Radicals [Pathology]

persecutory delusions: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

perseveration: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

persistent depressive disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

persistent fetal circulation: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

persistent grief: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

persistent truncus arteriosus: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

personality changes: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

personality disorders: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

personality trait: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

pertussis toxin: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

pes cavus: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

petechiae: Vasculitis [Immunology]

congenital rubella syndrome: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura finding: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

Peyer’s patches: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Intestinal

Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

Peyronie disease: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

phagocytes



phagocytosis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]



inhibitors of: Virulence [Infectious Disease]



type II hypersensitivity mechanism: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]


phakomatoses: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

phalanges: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

Phalen maneuver: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

pharyngeal apparatus: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]; Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

pharyngeal arches: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

pharyngeal clefts: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

pharyngeal constrictors: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

pharyngeal pouches: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

pharyngeal spasms: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

pharyngitis


diagnosis: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]




pharynx disorders: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

phenacetin: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

phencyclidine (PCP)

action of: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]



220


phenobarbital


alcohol contraindication: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

breaking seizures: Seizures [Neurology]


hyperbilirubinemia and: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

neural tube defect risks: Teratogens I [Reproductive]



as weak acid (urine pH): Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

phenotype: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

phenoxybenzamine: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

phentolamine: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

phenylalanine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]; Teratogens II

[Reproductive] phenylalanine hydroxylase: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

phenylbutazone: Other Anemias [Hematology]

phenylephrine: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]; Penile Disorders [Reproductive]; Shock

[Cardiology] phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

phenylketones: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

phenylketonuria (PKU)

fetal effects: Teratogens II [Reproductive]


phenylalanine and: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

screening for: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

treatment of: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

phenytoin

action of: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

contraindications: Teratogens I [Reproductive]



for seizures: Seizures [Neurology]

side effects: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

pheochromocytomas

adrenal glands: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

diagnosis: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

hemangioblastomas and: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

hypertension: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

MEN syndromes: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

treatment: Norepinephrine [Neurology]

von Hippel-Lindau disease and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

Philadelphia chromosome: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Myeloproliferative

Disorders [Hematology]

phlebitis: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

phlebotomy

hemochromatosis treatment: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

for iron overload: Porphyrias [Hematology]

polycythemia vera treatment: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

porphyria cutanea tarda treatment: Porphyrias [Hematology]

phobias: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

phocomelia: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

phonic tics: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

221


phonophobia: Headaches [Neurology]

phosphate


bone matrix and: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

homeostasis: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

hypocalcemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]


titratable acid: Acid Excretion [Renal]

phosphates: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

phosphatidylcholine: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PIK3) pathway: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

phosphaturia: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

phosphocreatine: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]

phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Penile

Disorders [Reproductive]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

phosphodiester bonds: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

phosphoenolpyruvate: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Glycolysis

[Biochemistry] phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1): Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry];

Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

phospholamban: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]

phospholipase C enzyme: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

phospholipases: Cell Injury [Pathology]; Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

phospholipid membranes: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

phospholipids: Coagulation [Hematology]

phosphorylation

cell cycle control and: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]


as posttranslational modification: Translation [Cell Biology]

photophobia: Headaches [Neurology]; Meningitis [Neurology]

photoreceptors (rods and cones): The Retina [Neurology]

photosensitivity

griseofulvin side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]



tetracycline side effect: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

phototherapy, for neonatal jaundice: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

phrenic nerve

compression: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

dermatomes: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

diaphragm: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

pericardium: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

phrenoesophageal membrane: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

phyllodes tumor: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

physical abuse. See abuse

physician-patient relationships. See patient-physician relationships

physiologic atrophy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

physiologic dead space: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

physiologic hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

physiologic shunting: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

physostigmine: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]


atropine toxicity treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

222


Gardner’s mydriasis treatment: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

PICA stroke: The Pupil [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

Pick’s disease: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

picornaviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

pigment (bilirubin) stones: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

pigment disorders: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

pigmented (bilirubin) gallstones: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

pili: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious

Disease] pill-rolling tremor: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

pilocarpine



side effects (salivation): Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

Sjögren’s syndrome treatment: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

pilocarpine iontophoresis: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

pilocytic astrocytoma: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]

pilosebaceous unit: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

pilus: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

pimozide: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

pindolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]

pinealoma: Brainstem [Neurology]

pineal tumors: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Brainstem [Neurology]

pink eye. See conjunctivitis

pink puffer: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

pinocytosis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

pin prick test: Spinal Cord [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

pioglitazone: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

piperacillin: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

pisiform: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

pitting (nails): Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

pitting edema: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

pituitary adenomas: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Brain Tumors [Neurology]; MEN Syndromes

[Endocrinology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

pituitary-adrenal axis: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

pituitary apoplexy: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

pituitary gland: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]


hormones and: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology];

Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


pityriasis rosea: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

pKa. See acid dissociation constant

placenta: Placenta [Reproductive]; Placental Complications [Reproductive]

contraindications: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

embryology: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

hypertension and: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

maternal-placenta barrier: B-Cells [Immunology]; Blood Groups [Hematology]


placenta accreta: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

placenta increta: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

placental abruption: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

223


causes: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

cortical necrosis and: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP): Bone [Musculoskeletal]

placental aromatase deficiency: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

placental barrier: Placenta [Reproductive]

placental circulation: Placenta [Reproductive]

placental insufficiency: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

placenta percreta: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

placenta previa: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

plagues: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA): Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

plantaris muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

plaques (blood vessels). See atherosclerotic plaques

plaques (pleural): Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

plaques (skin): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

plasma: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]; Physiology II [Renal]

plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC): Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

plasma cell disorders: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

plasma cells: B-Cells [Immunology]; Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

plasma concentration: Physiology II [Renal]

plasma exchange: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

plasma osmolality: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

plasma osmotic pressure: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

plasmapheresis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

plasma renin activity (PRA): Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

plasmids: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

bacterial conjugation and: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

exotoxins and: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

penicillin resistance and: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

plasmin: Coagulation [Hematology]

plasminogen: Coagulation [Hematology]

Plasmodium falciparum: Malaria [Infectious Disease]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]; Thalassemias

[Hematology] Plasmodium malariae: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

Plasmodium ovale: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

Plasmodium spp.: Malaria [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Plasmodium vivax: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

platelet count: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology];

Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]



platelet granules: Platelet Activation [Hematology]

platelets

abnormal bleeding and: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

activation: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

aggregation: Coagulation [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

bleeding time test: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

blood typing: Blood Groups [Hematology]

cirrhosis and levels of: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

disorders: Antiplatelet Drugs [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

224


essential thrombocytosis and: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

platelet transfusions: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

platinum agents: DNA drugs [Hematology]

pleiotropy: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

pleomorphic adenoma: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

pleomorphic bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

pleural disease: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

pleural effusion: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

chest X-ray: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]

lung cancer complication: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

pathophysiology: Inflammation [Pathology]

physical exam: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]



tumor feature: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

pleural plaques: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

pleural pressure: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

pleural tumors: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

pleuritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

pleuroperitoneal membrane: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

plicae circulares (valves of Kerckring or Kerckring folds): Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

Plummer-Vinson syndrome: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

pneumococcal infections: Complement System [Immunology]

pneumoconiosis: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

Pneumocystis jirovecii: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

diffuse interstitial pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

infection treatment: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

opportunist infection, as drug side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

Pneumocystis pneumonia

chest X-ray findings: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]




treatment and prophylaxis: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

Pneumocystis spp.: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

pneumocytes: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]


bacterial: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram

Positives [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

cytomegalovirus association: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

differential diagnosis: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

fungal: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


nosocomial: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

pathophysiology: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]


physical exam findings: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

proton pump inhibitor complication: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

quality and safety standards: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

treatment: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides

[Infectious Disease] viral: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

pneumonitis

225




pneumoperitoneum: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]



lung physical exam for diagnosis: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

nitrous oxide contraindication: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

podagra: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

podocytes: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

point mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

Point of Service plan (POS): Public Health [Behavioral Science]

Poiseuille's law: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

polarity, of RNA viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

polio: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

poliomyelitis: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

poliovirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

poliovirus vaccine (IPV; Salk): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

polyadenylation signal: Transcription [Cell Biology]

poly-A polymerase (PAP): Transcription [Cell Biology]

polyarteritis nodosa: Vasculitis [Immunology]




polyarthritis: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

polycystic kidney disease: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology];

Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

polycythemia





polycythemia vera: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Myeloproliferative Disorders

[Hematology]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

polydactyly: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]; Trisomies [Genetics]

polydipsia

diabetes insipidus feature: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hyperglycemia symptom: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

nephrocalcinosis feature: Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


polyethylene glycol: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

polygenic inheritance: Pedigrees [Genetics]

polyhydramnios: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

for hepatitis diagnosis: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

herpes simplex virus diagnosis: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

HIV diagnosis, perinatal: HIV [Infectious Disease]

meningitis diagnosis: Meningitis [Neurology]

polymorphism: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

polymyalgia rheumatica: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

polymyositis: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

polyneuropathy: Porphyrias [Hematology]

polyol pathway: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]

226


polyomavirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

polyps: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

polysaccharide capsule: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

polysaccharides: Glucose [Biochemistry]

polysomnography: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

polyuria


diabetes insipidus feature: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

hypercalcemia symptom: Electrolytes [Renal]

hyperglycemia symptom: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

nephrocalcinosis and: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]


Pompe’s disease: Glycogen [Biochemistry]; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison; Inborn Errors of

Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

pons: Brainstem [Neurology]

cerebellar communication with: Cerebellum [Neurology]

gaze palsies and: Gaze Palsies [Neurology]

hemorrhage of: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]


lesions of: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

Pontiac fever: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

popcorn cells: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

Pope’s blessing: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

popliteal artery: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

popliteus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

populations

genetic mapping of: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

Hardy-Weinberg law and: Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

incidence and prevalence: Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

porcelain gallbladder: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

porins: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

porphobilinogen (PBG): Porphyrias [Hematology]

porphyria cutanea tarda: Porphyrias [Hematology]

porphyrias: Porphyrias [Hematology]

griseofulvin side effect: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

types of: Porphyrias [Hematology]

porphyrin ring: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

portal hypertension

cirrhosis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

helminth infections: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

platelet sequestration: Coagulopathies [Hematology]


portal triad: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

portal vein: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]; Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

[Gastroenterology] portal vein thrombosis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

port-wine stain: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

positive predictive value (PPV): Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Positive and Negative Predictive

Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

positive punishment: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

positive reinforcement: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

positive skew, of central tendency: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

post-capillary venules: Inflammation [Pathology]

227


post-coital bleeding: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

post-ductal coarctation of the aorta: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

stroke: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

uncal herniation and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

posterior column: Spinal Cord [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]; Spirochetes [Infectious

Disease] posterior cranial fossa: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): Knee [Musculoskeletal]

posterior descending artery: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

posterior digastric muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

posterior horn: Spinal Cord [Neurology]

posterior longitudinal ligaments: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

posterior myocardial infarction: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

posterior pituitary gland: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]




posterior urethral valves: Renal Embryology [Renal]

posterior uveitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

posterior vitreous membrane: The Retina [Neurology]

post-herpetic neuralgia: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

postinfectious encephalomyelitis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

postpartum blues: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

postpartum depression: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

post-partum endometritis: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

postpartum hemorrhage: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

postpartum mood disorders: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

postpartum psychosis: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Nephritic Syndrome [Renal];

Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

post-stroke management: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

post-surgical care: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

posttranslational modifications: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]





postural hypotension: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Diabetes

[Endocrinology]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

posturing: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

potassium: Electrolytes [Renal]

potassium bicarbonate: Kidney Stones [Renal]

potassium iodide: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

potassium-sparing diuretics

action of: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

for heart failure: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

precautions: Lithium [Psychiatry]

side effects: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

potato agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

potency (drug): Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

Potter’s syndrome (sequence)

228


extrinsic morphogenic error: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]

fetal respiration and: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

multicystic dysplastic kidney and: Cystic Kidney Disease [Renal]

oligohydramnios association: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

sequence of: Renal Embryology [Renal]

teratogens and: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

Pott’s disease: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

power and power calculation: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

poxvirus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

PPAR-γ receptors: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

PPD test: T-cells [Immunology]

for TNF-α-inhibitors pre-treatment: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]


type IV hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

Prader-Willi syndrome: Imprinting [Genetics]

pralidoxime: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

pramipexole: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

pramlintide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

prasugrel: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

pravastatin: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

praziquantel: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

prazosin: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

pre-B-cell malignancy: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

pre-capillary arteriolar vasodilation: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

precautions, for infections: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

precision (reliability), of diagnostic tests: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

precocious puberty: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual Development

[Reproductive] predictive values: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Positive and Negative Predictive Value

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] prednisone


coagulopathy factor inhibitor treatment: Coagulopathies [Hematology]



pre-ductal coarctation of the aorta: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

preeclampsia: Seizures [Neurology]



molar pregnancy feature: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

oligohydramnios and: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

pathogenesis: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]



preeclampsia-eclampsia: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO): Public Health [Behavioral Science]

prefrontal cortex: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]. See also ectopic pregnancy

abortion agent: Antimetabolites [Hematology]



B19 virus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

bacterial infections: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

229


breasts during: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]





drug contraindications: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Other

Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


folate deficiencies and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

gestational diabetes: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

headaches and: Headaches [Neurology]


HIV recommendations: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]


hyperglycemia during: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

hypertension during: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]


liver tumor rupture: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]

maternal-fetal disorders: Maternal-fetal disorders [Reproductive]

melasma and: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

minors and guidelines for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]



physiology: Physiology [Reproductive]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]

pituitary gland and: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

placental complications: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

preparation (menstrual cycle phase): Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

progesterone and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


quinolone contraindication: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

refusal for treatment, guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

Rh system and: Blood Groups [Hematology]

seizure treatment during: Seizures [Neurology]

skin disorders during: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

spermatogeneses and oogenesis: Spermatogeneses and Oogenesis [Reproductive]


teratogens: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

termination of: Pregnancy [Reproductive]. See also abortion

tetracycline alternative: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]



TMP-SMX avoidance during: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

TORCH infections: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

tumors of: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]


UTI treatment during: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

vitamin requirements: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A): Down syndrome [Genetics]

pregnancy-related endometritis: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

prekallikrein deficiency: Coagulation [Hematology]

preload, in cardiac output: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

maneuvers for diagnosing murmurs and: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]


230





premature coronary artery disease: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

premature delivery and birth

intraventricular hemorrhage and: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

low birth weight: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

oligohydramnios and: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

placenta previa as risk for: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

preterm labor: Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]


smoking and: Teratogens II [Reproductive]


prenatal care: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

prenatal screenings: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Down syndrome [Genetics]; Neuroembryology [Neurology]

prepatellar bursitis: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

pre-renal failure: Physiology I [Renal]; Renal Failure [Renal]

presbycusis: Auditory System [Neurology]

presbyopia: The Lens [Neurology]

pre-senile cataracts: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

pressure ulcers: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

pressure volume loops: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

pressure zones (lung): Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

pretibial myxedema: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

prevalence, of disease: Positive and Negative Predictive Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Sensitivity and

Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

prevention and safety: Public Health [Behavioral Science]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

Prevotella spp.

antibiotic coverage for: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]



lung abscesses: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

priapism: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

primaquine

G6PD deficiency and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]

malaria treatment: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

Plasmodium spp. infection treatment: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

primary (AL) amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease): Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

primary aldosteronism: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

primary amenorrhea: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

primary auditory cortex: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

primary biliary cirrhosis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]




Sjögren’s syndrome association: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

primary carnitine deficiency: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

primary ciliary dyskinesia: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Maternal-Fetal

Disorders [Reproductive]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

primary ciliary dyskinesia (immotile-cilia syndrome): Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Obstructive Lung Disease

[Pulmonary] primary fibrinolysis: Coagulation [Hematology]

231


primary hyperparathyroidism: Electrolytes [Renal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

primary hypertension: Hypertension [Cardiology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

primary hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

primary myelofibrosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure): Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

primary palate: Cleft Lip and Palate [Reproductive]

primary pulmonary hypertension: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

primary sclerosing cholangitis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease

[Gastroenterology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

primary syphilis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]


primary tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

primidone: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Seizures [Neurology]

primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET): Brain Tumors [Neurology]

primitive reflexes: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

primitive streak: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

primordial follicles: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

primordial germ cells: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

principlism: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

Pringle’s maneuver: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

PR interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]



Prinzmetal (variant) angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

prions: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

prisoners, research guidelines for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

private insurance: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

pro-alpha chains (collagen synthesis): Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

probability: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

probenecid


cidofovir and: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

gout prophylaxis: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]


penicillin synergy: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

probes (DNA): Blotting [Cell Biology]

procainamide

drug-induced lupus: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Systemic Lupus


metabolism of: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

side effects of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome treatment: Wolff-Parkinson White [Cardiology]

procaine: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

procarbazine: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

procarboxypeptidase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

procedure bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

procedures, informed consent for: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

processing bodies (P-bodies): Transcription [Cell Biology]

processus vaginalis: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

pro-coagulants: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

procollagen: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

proelastase: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

proenzymes (zymogens): Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

232


progesterone


cholesterol gallstones and: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

effects of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

endometrium and: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

luteal phase, of menstrual cycle: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]


synthesis: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


progesterone receptor positivity (PR+): Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

progestin challenge: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

progestins: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

endometrial hyperplasia treatment: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]


menopause treatment: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

programmed cell death. See apoptosis

progressive dyspnea: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Other Cancer Drugs

[Hematology] progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]; HIV CNS Infections

[Neurology] proinsulin: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

projection: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

prokaryotes

characteristics of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

protein synthesis in: Transcription [Cell Biology]

translation in: Translation [Cell Biology]

prolactin

amenorrhea diagnosis: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]


function of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

metoclopramide and elevation of: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

pituitary adenoma secretion: Brain Tumors [Neurology]



prolactinomas: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Pituitary Gland

[Endocrinology] proliferative breast disorders: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

proliferative retinopathy: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; The Retina [Neurology]

proline: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

prometaphase (mitosis): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

promoters, for transcription: Transcription [Cell Biology]

proofreading, DNA replication: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

proopiomelanocortin: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

propafenone: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

proper hepatic artery: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

prophase (mitosis): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

Propionibacterium acnes: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

propionic acid: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

propionic acidemia: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

propionyl-CoA

fatty acids and: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]

233




propionyl-CoA carboxylase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors


propofol: General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

propranolol

akathisia treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

hypertension treatment: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


migraine prevention: Headaches [Neurology]

pheochromocytoma pre-surgical management: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

tetralogy of Fallot and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]


tremor treatment: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

proprioception

cerebellar control of: Cerebellum [Neurology]


testing: Spinal Cord [Neurology]


propylene glycol ingestion: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

propylthiouracil (PTU): Teratogens I [Reproductive]





prostacyclin: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

prostaglandin analogues: Glaucoma [Neurology]

prostaglandins

acid secretion and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

aspirin’s effect on production of: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

ductus arteriosus and: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]


niacin excess and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and: Shunts [Cardiology]

renal effects: Physiology II [Renal]



vasodilation and: Inflammation [Pathology]

prostate cancer

coagulation cascade affected by: Coagulation [Hematology]

grading: Prostate [Reproductive]

metastasis: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

treatment: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

prostate gland: Prostate [Reproductive]

adenocarcinoma: Prostate [Reproductive]

disorders: Prostate [Reproductive]


testosterone effects on: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening: Prostate [Reproductive]

prostatic hyperplasia: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

prosthetic material infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

prosthetic valve endocarditis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

234


prostitute’s pupil: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

protamine: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

protease inhibitors: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

proteases: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

proteasomes: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

protective antigen: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

protein A: B-Cells [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

protein C/S: Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

protein C/S deficiency: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Pulmonary

Embolism [Pulmonary]

protein kinase A (PKA): Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Glycolysis

[Biochemistry] protein kinase R: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

protein phosphatase 1: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

proteins

cytochromes: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

diet for Hartnup disease: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]



flow cytometry and: Flow Cytometry [Cell Biology]


oxidation of: Free Radicals [Pathology]

signal sequences of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


Western blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

protein synthesis: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

in bacteria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

cell cycle and: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

in endoplasmic reticulum: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

in eukaryotes: Transcription [Cell Biology]


insulin and: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Insulin [Endocrinology]

in prokaryotes: Transcription [Cell Biology]

stages: Translation [Cell Biology]

protein synthesis inhibitors: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious

Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Translation [Cell Biology]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] proteinuria


causes: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]




nephrotic syndrome feature: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]



testing: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

proteolysis: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

Proteus mirabilis: Urinary Infections [Renal]

Proteus spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

antibiotics coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]


urinary tract infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

235


prothrombin: Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Pulmonary Embolism

[Pulmonary] prothrombin time (PT): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Coagulopathies

[Hematology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

proton pump inhibitors

blocks H+ secretion: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

gastrinoma treatment: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]


for H. pylori: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology];

Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

scleroderma treatment: Scleroderma [Immunology]


proto-oncogene: MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

protoporphyrin: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

proximal humerus fracture: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

proximal internal carotid artery: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

proximal pulmonary artery: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

proximal renal tubular acidosis: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

proximal-to-distal development: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

proximal tubular cells: Rhabdomyolysis [Renal]

proximal tubules (kidney): Renal Endocrinology [Renal]


bicarbonate reabsorption: Acid Excretion [Renal]

cysteine reabsorption by: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

glucose absorption: Glucose [Biochemistry]

Hartnup disease and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


pruritus: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Prussian blue stain: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

psammoma bodies: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]; Thyroid

Cancer [Endocrinology]

pseudo Argyll Robertson pupil: Brainstem [Neurology]

pseudobulbar palsy: Brainstem [Neurology]; Nerve Damage [Neurology]

pseudocyst: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

pseudoephedrine: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

pseudofolliculitis barbae (razor or shave bumps): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

pseudofractures: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

pseudogout: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

pseudohyphae: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

pseudohypoparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

pseudomembranous colitis: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein

Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


antibiotics coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

cystic fibrosis and: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]


pigment of: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

toxin: Translation [Cell Biology]


Pseudomonas spp.


antibiotic coverage: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]


236



[Immunology] corneal abrasions and: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

culture: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]




wounds and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

pseudomyxoma peritonei: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

pseudo-osteoarthritis: CPPD [Musculoskeletal]

pseudopalisading: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

pseudopolyps: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

pseudorosette: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

pseudostratified columnar epithelium cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

pseudotumor cerebri: Diuretics [Renal]; Eye Movements [Neurology]

pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension): Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

psittacosis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

psoas major muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

psoriasis

dermatopathology: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]


hyperkeratosis and: Skin [Dermatology]

parakeratosis and: Skin [Dermatology]



vitamin A and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

psoriatic arthritis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

treatment of: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]


psychiatric patients


informed consent guidelines and: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

psychiatry

ADHD and autism: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

anxiety disorders: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

child abuse and neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

childhood disorders: Childhood Disorders [Psychiatry]

cognitive disorders: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

dissociative disorders: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

eating disorders: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

factitious disorders: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

mood disorders: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Lithium [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

personality disorders: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

psychology: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]; Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

psychosis: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

psychotic disorders: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Psychotic Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep disorders: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

somatic disorders: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

substance use disorders: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Opioids [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs

[Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

psychic symptoms: Seizures [Neurology]

psychogenic amnesia. See dissociative amnesia

psychogenic polydipsia: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

237


psychological abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

psychology

conditioning: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

ego defenses: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

transference: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

psychomotor agitation: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

psychomotor epilepsy: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

psychomotor retardation: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

psychosis: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]



psychotherapy: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

psychotic disorders: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]. See also specific psychiatric disorders

pterygoid muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

ptosis

Horner’s syndrome feature: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

myasthenia gravis feature: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

pcomm aneurysm feature: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

PTT. See partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

puberty hormones: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Reproductive

Hormones [Endocrinology]

public health: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

pudendal nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

pudendal nerve block: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

pulmonary anatomy: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

pulmonary arterial hypertension: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

pulmonary artery

anatomy: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

stenosis: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

structure of: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

thrombus of: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

pulmonary atresia: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Shunts [Cardiology]

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (wedge pressure): Shock [Cardiology]

pulmonary circulation: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

pulmonary dyspnea: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

pulmonary edema








thiazolidinediones risk: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]




formation: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]


hyperfibrinolysis and: Coagulation [Hematology]



raloxifene side effect: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

238


SERM side effect: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

symptoms of: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

V/Q and: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]


pulmonary embryology: Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

pulmonary fibrosis



causes: Sarcoidosis [Pulmonary]

diffusion limitation with: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]


nail clubbing: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

nitrosoureas toxicity: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]


rate of diffusion with: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

pulmonary function tests (PFTs): Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]

pulmonary hypertension: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

chronic bronchitis association: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]






low DLCO conditions from: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


pulmonary hypoplasia: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

pulmonary nodule: Chest X-Rays [Pulmonary]

pulmonary physiology: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

pulmonary regurgitation: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR): Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Pulmonary Circulation

[Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

pulmonic murmurs: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

pulmonic stenosis

causes: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


during systole: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

pulmonic valves: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

pulsatile tinnitus: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

pulse oximetry: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

pulse pressure





pulsus paradoxus: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

punishment (operant conditioning): Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]

aneurysms and: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

constriction: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

Horner’s syndrome affecting: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]


pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation (PERRLA): The Pupil [Neurology]

pure red cell aplasia: Other Anemias [Hematology]; Transplants [Immunology]

239


purified protein derivative (PPD) test. See PPD test

purine metabolism: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

purines: DNA structure [Biochemistry]


sources of: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

structure of: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

purine salvage pathway: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Purine Metabolism

[Biochemistry] purine synthesis

carbon sources: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

disorders of: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]


nitrogen sources: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

regulation of: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Purkinje cells: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

Purkinje fibers: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]

Purkinje system: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

purpura: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

purpuric rash: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

pus: Necrosis [Pathology]; Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

pustular psoriasis: Skin [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

pustule: Skin [Dermatology]

putamen: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

p-value: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of

Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

pyelonephritis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

Pygmalion effect (observer-expectancy effect): Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

pyknosis: Apoptosis [Pathology]; Cell Injury [Pathology]

pyloric stenosis: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

pyocyanin: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

pyoderma gangrenosum: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma): Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

pyramidal cells: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

pyramidal system: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

pyrantel pamoate: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

pyrazinamide: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

pyridostigmine: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]


myasthenia gravis treatment: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

pyridoxal: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

pyridoxal phosphate. See vitamin B6

pyridoxal phosphate deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

pyridoxamine: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

pyridoxine: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

pyrimethamine: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

pyrimidine dimers: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

pyrimidine metabolism: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine

Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

pyrimidines: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

pyrogenic exotoxin A or C: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

pyrogens: Inflammation [Pathology]

pyrophosphate: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

pyruvate: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

240




glucogenic amino acids and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


glycolysis endproduct: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

mitochondrial disorders: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

mitochondrial disorders and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

substrate phosphorylation and: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

thiamine and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

uses for: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pyruvate carboxylase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate

Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

co-factors for: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

deficiency of: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate

Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

regulation of: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pyruvate kinase deficiency: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

Q Q fever: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

QRS axis: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

QRS interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]




QT interval: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

antipsychotics effect on: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

haloperidol and: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

magnesium and calcium levels: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]


quadrantic anopia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Visual Fields [Neurology]

quadratus femoris muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

quadriceps femoris muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

quadriplegia: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

quality measurements: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

quality of life, hospice care and: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

quantal response (dose-response): Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

quantitative variables: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]


quinidine


G6PD deficiency and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]

malaria treatment: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

as weak base (urine pH): Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

quinolone antibiotics: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other


R rabbits (disease vector): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

rabies: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

rabies vaccine: B-Cells [Immunology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

241


rachitic rosary: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

radial artery: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

radial nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow

[Musculoskeletal] radiation therapy

angiosarcoma following: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]


ataxia telangiectasia and: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

bone tumor treatment: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

brain tumor treatment: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

double strand DNA damage: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

free radical generation: Free Radicals [Pathology]


lung cancer risk factor: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

myelodysplasia association: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

ophthalmopathy treatment: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


pancreatic cancer treatment: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

pituitary adenomas treatment: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

pleomorphic adenoma risk factor: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]


radiculopathy syndromes: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

radioactive iodine: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

radius: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

radon: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

ragged red muscle fibers: Pedigrees [Genetics]

rales: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

raloxifene: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

raltegravir: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

ramipril: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

randomization: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Diagnostic

Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

randomization, for bias reduction: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

random measurement errors: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

ranibizumab: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; The Retina [Neurology]; Wound Healing and Scars

[Pathology] ranitidine




Ranke complex: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

RANK-L: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal];

Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

ranolazine: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

rapid eye movement (REM): Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnias: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

rapid response team: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

rare disease assumption: Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

rasburicase: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

rashes

blueberry muffin syndrome: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

bulls-eye: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

diaper rash: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

242


maculopapular: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; RNA

Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease];

Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


RAS/MAP kinase pathway: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]

rate of diffusion: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

Rathke pouch: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology];

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

rationalization: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

rats (disease vector): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

rattlesnake bites: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

Raynaud phenomenon

Buerger’s disease and: Vasculitis [Immunology]





RBCs. See red blood cells

reaction formation: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]


reactive arthritis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal];

Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

reactive attachment disorder (RAD): Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

reactive gliosis: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

reactive lymphadenopathy (LAD): Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

reactive oxygen species: Free Radicals [Pathology]

readmissions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

real time PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction [Cell Biology]

rebound hypertension: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

rebound tenderness: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

recall bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

receptor activating nuclear factor kß ligand (RANK-L): Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors

[Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid

Glands [Endocrinology]

receptor-mediated endocytosis: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

recessive inheritance: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

recombinant human parathyroid hormone: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands

[Endocrinology] recombination frequency: Gene Mapping [Genetics]

rectus abdominis muscle: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

rectus femoris muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

rectus muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

recurrent artery of Heubner (ACA): Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

recurrent branch, of median nerve: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

recurrent hemolysis: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

recurrent hemorrhagic strokes: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

recurrent laryngeal nerve: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

compression of: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]


parathyroidectomy precaution: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]


recurrent strokes: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

recurrent tics: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

243


recurring fever: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

red blood cell casts: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

red blood cell count: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

red blood cell indices: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

red blood cells

ABO system: Blood Groups [Hematology]

anemias: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

antigens, blood groups defined by: Blood Groups [Hematology]

babesiosis and: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

components of: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

destruction of: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Coagulation [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]




hematuria: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

hemolysis: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]. See also hemolysis

infections: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]



measurement technique: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


of newborns: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

pathophysiology: Thalassemias [Hematology]


during pregnancy: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

pyruvate kinase deficiency: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

thalassemias: Thalassemias [Hematology]. See also thalassemias


vitamin and folate deficiencies: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

vitamin E and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

red cell distribution width (RDW): Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

red hepatization: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

red infarcts: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

red man syndrome: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

red neurons: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

red nucleus: Brainstem [Neurology]; Cerebellum [Neurology]

red pulp, of spleen: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

reduviid bug: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Reed-Sternberg cells: Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

refeeding syndrome: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]; Electrolytes [Renal]

referred pain

for appendicitis: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

for diaphragm irritation: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

reflexes

absent: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

cranial nerve: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]


hypermagnesemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]

loss of: Nerve Damage [Neurology]


of pupil: The Pupil [Neurology]

reflex tachycardia: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

244


refractive errors: The Lens [Neurology]

refractory aplastic anemia: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

refractory GERD (Nissen fundoplication): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

refractory period: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

regadenoson: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

regression: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

regular insulin: Insulin [Endocrinology]

regulated solutes (Na/K): Physiology II [Renal]

regulatory T-cells: T-cells [Immunology]

regurgitant lesions: Endocarditis [Cardiology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

reheated rice syndrome: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Reichert’s cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

Reid index: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

reinforcement: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

Reinke crystals: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

Reiter’s syndrome: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

conjunctivitis and: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]



relapsing fever: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): The Pupil [Neurology]

relative risk: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

religious beliefs, informed consent guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

REM: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

renal agenesis: Errors in Morphogenesis [Reproductive]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Nephrotic

Syndrome [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

renal angiomyolipomas: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

renal arterioles: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

renal artery stenosis: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

renal blood flow (RBF): Physiology II [Renal]

renal blood/plasma flow (RPF): Physiology I [Renal]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

renal bruit: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

renal cell carcinomas

glycogen storage: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

parathyroid hormone-related protein synthesis by: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

pathology: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

spread via bloodstream: Neoplasia [Pathology]


varicocele association: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]


von Hippel-Lindau disease and: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

renal clearance: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]; Physiology II [Renal]

renal compensation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

renal cysts: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

renal diseases






renal embryology: Renal Embryology [Renal]

renal failure: Renal Failure [Renal]

ACE inhibitors and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

245


acute interstitial nephritis feature: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]


bone disorder associations: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

calcium-phosphate levels: Electrolytes [Renal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

cidofovir side effect: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

dialysis-related amyloidosis and: Amyloidosis [Hematology]



diuretic complication: Diuretics [Renal]

drug contraindications: Diuretics [Renal]

focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and: Renal Embryology [Renal]

gout attacks and: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

hyperparathyroidism and: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]





metformin precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]


nitrosoureas toxicity: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]


pathophysiology: Physiology I [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]



SGLT2 inhibitors precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]



vasculitis and: Vasculitis [Immunology]



renal formulas, for acid base disorders: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

renal function measurements: Physiology II [Renal]

renal infarction: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Endocarditis [Cardiology]

renal insufficiency

biguanides precaution: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

hypermagnesemia cause: Electrolytes [Renal]

lithium risk factor: Lithium [Psychiatry]

post-strep glomerulonephritis as cause of: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

renal medullary carcinoma: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

renal osteodystrophy: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal Failure

[Renal] renal plasma flow (RPF): Physiology II [Renal]




non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

renal vein: Renal Anatomy [Renal]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

renin: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]; Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

action of: Renal Endocrinology [Renal]

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

246





mineralocorticoids and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

renal artery stenosis and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]



Renshaw cells: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

reovirus (rotavirus, coltivirus): Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

reoviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

repaglinide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

repeated nucleotide sequences: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

reperfusion injury: Free Radicals [Pathology]

repetitive hand movements: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

replication, of RNA viruses: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

reporting guidelines

on abuse: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

of child abuse and neglect: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

on illnesses: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

for impaired drivers: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

repression: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

reproductive hormones: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]. See also androgens; estrogens

reserpine: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

residual lung volume: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

residual volume: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

resistance, in vessels: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

resistance, to air flow: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]; Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

respiration

of bacteria: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]


muscles of: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

respiratory acidosis: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Respiratory Acid-Base

Disorders [Renal]

respiratory alkalosis

aspirin overdose: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

compensation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]


mechanism: Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders [Renal]

respiratory burst: Free Radicals [Pathology]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

respiratory compensation: Acid-Base Principles [Renal]

respiratory depression: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Opioids [Psychiatry]

respiratory distress: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

respiratory failure: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

respiratory procedures

isolation: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

prophylaxis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

respiratory precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

droplet precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]


treatment: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

respiratory zone (respiratory tract): Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

247


resting tremor: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP): Blotting [Cell Biology]

restriction-modification systems: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

restrictive cardiomyopathy: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]; Restrictive

Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]

restrictive lung disease: Pulmonary Function Tests [Pulmonary]; Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary];

Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

resuscitation, DNR guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

retained primary teeth: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

retained products of conception (RPOC): Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

rete ridges: Skin [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

reticular lamina: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

reticulate bodies (chlamydiae): Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

reticulocytes: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

reticulocytosis: Other Anemias [Hematology]

retina: The Retina [Neurology]

retinal artery occlusion: The Retina [Neurology]

retinal deposits: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

retinal detachment: The Retina [Neurology]

retinal hemangioblastoma: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

retinal hemorrhages: The Retina [Neurology]



retinal lesions: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

retinal vein occlusion: The Retina [Neurology]

retinitis: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]

retinitis pigmentosa: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; The Retina [Neurology]

retinoblastoma proteins (Rb): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

retinoblastomas

cell cycle and: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]


neurofilaments and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]


retinoic acid: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

retinoic acids: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

retinoids


liver disease and: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

types of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

retinoid X receptors (RXR): Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

retinol. See vitamin A

retinopathy

chloroquine side effect: Malaria [Infectious Disease]



open angle glaucoma association: Glaucoma [Neurology]


retrograde amnesia: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

retroperitoneal bleeding: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

retroperitoneal lymph nodes: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

retroperitoneal structures: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

retroverted uterus: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

retroviruses: HIV [Infectious Disease]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

248


Rett syndrome: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

Reye syndrome: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

Reynolds pentad: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

rhabdomyoblasts: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]



statins and: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

rhabdomyomas: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

rhabdomyosarcoma: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

rhabdoviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

rheumatic fever: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

mitral stenosis and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]



tricuspid stenosis and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

type II hypersensitivity disorder: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

rheumatic heart disease: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]

rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]



citrulline and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

eye symptoms: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]



knee symptoms: Knee [Musculoskeletal]


pathophysiology: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]




secondary (AA) amyloidosis association: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

selective IgA deficiency and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]; Other Cancer Drugs

[Hematology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

rheumatoid factor: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]; Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

rhinitis: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

rhinophyma: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

rhinorrhea: Opioids [Psychiatry]

rhinosinusitis: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

rhinovirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Rhizopus spp.: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

rhodopsin: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

Rh system: Blood Groups [Hematology]

ribavirin: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

hepatitis C treatment: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

measles treatment: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

for purine metabolic disorders: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

RSV treatment: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

viral respiratory infection treatment: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

rib notching (chest X-ray): Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

riboflavin: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

riboflavin deficiencies: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

249


ribonucleic acids (RNA). See RNA

ribonucleotide reductase

inhibition of: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

pyrimidine metabolism and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ribose: Glucose [Biochemistry]

ribose 5-phosphate: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

ribose phosphate: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

ribosomal RNA: Transcription [Cell Biology]

ribosomes

bacterial protein synthesis site: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

free: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

rough endoplasmic reticulum and: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

ß-lactam antibiotics and: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

translation and: Translation [Cell Biology]

ribs, chondrosarcomas of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

rice-water diarrhea: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

rickets

growth plates and: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]



Rickettsia prowazekii: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Rickettsia rickettsii: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Rickettsia spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]




Rickettsia typhi: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Riedel thyroiditis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

rifampin

action of: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]




leprosy treatment: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

meningitis prophylaxis: Meningitis [Neurology]

Neisseria spp. prophylaxis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

RNA polymerase inhibitor: Transcription [Cell Biology]


Rift Valley fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

right bundle branch block: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]; Heart

Sounds [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

right coronary artery: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

right heart failure

bronchiectasis association: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

chronic bronchitis association: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

constrictive pericarditis and: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]


liver failure cause: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

with primary pulmonary hypertension: Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]


signs and symptoms of: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]

right lower quadrant pain: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

right upper quadrant pain

250


acute cholecystitis: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

alcoholic hepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

biliary colic: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

cholangitis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]


evaluation of: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]


hepatitis feature: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

primary sclerosing cholangitis feature: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]

protozoa infection: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

riluzole: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

Rinne test: Auditory System [Neurology]

risk: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

risk factors, study of: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

risk ratios: Risk Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

risperidone




ristocetin cofactor activity assay: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

ritodrine: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

ritonavir: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

rituximab: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

rivaroxaban: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]



rivastigmine: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

river blindness: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

RNA

base pairing: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

Northern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

primers, for DNA polymerases: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

structure: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

synthesis: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

transcription and: Transcription [Cell Biology]

types of: Transcription [Cell Biology]

RNA polymerase inhibitors: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Transcription [Cell Biology]

RNA polymerases: Transcription [Cell Biology]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

RNA viruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]. See also specific RNA viruses

structure: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]


Robertsonian translocation: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Meiosis [Genetics]

Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

rocuronium: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

rod bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

rodents (disease vector): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

roflumilast: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

romantic relationships: Ethical Principles [Behavioral Science]

Romberg test: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Spinal Cord [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

root cause analysis: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

rooting reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

251


ropinirole: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

rosacea: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

rose gardener’s disease: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

Rosenthal fibers: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

roseola infantum (sixth disease): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

rose spots: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

rosiglitazone: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

rostral neuropore: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

rosuvastatin


hydrophilic statin: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

rotator cuff: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

rotavirus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

contact precautions for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]


Roth spots: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

Rotor’s syndrome: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

rough endoplasmic reticulum: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

rouleaux: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

round ligament: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

roundworms (nematodes): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

rubella



newborn deafness: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

rubeola. See mumps

rubor: Inflammation [Pathology]. See also inflammation

rugal folds: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Russell sign: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

ryanodine receptor: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

S S-100 tumor marker: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

saber shins: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

Sabin polio virus vaccine: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

Sabouraud's agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

saccadic eye movements: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

saccular period (lungs): Pulmonary Embryology [Pulmonary]

saccule: Vestibular System [Neurology]

sacral plexus: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

sacroiliac joints: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

sacroiliitis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

sacrum: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

sacubitril: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

saddle anesthesia: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

saddle nose: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM): Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

branched chain amino acid metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


safety and prevention: Public Health [Behavioral Science]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

safranin stain: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

salicylic acid: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Renal Failure [Renal]

252


saliva: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

salivary duct stones (sialolithiasis): Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

salivary glands

anatomy and physiology of: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]




salivary tumors: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

salivation




Salk polio vaccine: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

salmeterol: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

Salmonella enterica: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]


antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]



IL-12 receptor deficiency and: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

osteomyelitis: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]



[Musculoskeletal] sickle cell anemia and: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

Salmonella typhi: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria

[Infectious Disease] salmon patch: (see stork bite birthmark)

sampling bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

sanctuary sites: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

sand flies: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

“sandpaper” skin: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

SA node: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; EKG Basics [Cardiology]



escape rhythm and: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]

saphenous nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

saponification: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Necrosis [Pathology]



electrolytes and: Electrolytes [Renal]





vitamin D and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

sarcolemma: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

sarcoma botryoides: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

sarcomas: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Germ Layers [Reproductive];

Neoplasia [Pathology]

sarcomeres: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

sarcoplasmic reticulum: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]; Cell Structure [Cell Biology];

Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

253


sartorius muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

satiety, regulation of: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

Saturday night palsy: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

savants: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation): Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

scalded skin syndrome: Skin Infections [Dermatology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

scalene muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

scalene triangle (thoracic outlet syndrome): Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

scales: Skin [Dermatology]

scanning speech: Cerebellum [Neurology]

scaphoid: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

scapula: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

scarlet fever: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

scarring: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

scars: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

SCA stroke: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

scatter, of data: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Tests of Significance

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] S cells: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

Schatzki ring: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Schiller-Duval bodies: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

Schilling test: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]

Schirmer test: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

schistocytes: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Platelet Disorders

[Hematology] Schistosoma haematobium: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

Schistosoma spp.: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

schistosomiasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

schizoaffective disorder: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

schizoid personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

schizophrenia: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

diagnosis: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]



pathology: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]



symptoms and: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

treatment: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

schizophreniform disorder: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

schizotypal personality disorder: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

Schwann cells: Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]

axonotmesis and: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

neuropathy and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

schwannomas: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Cells of the Nervous System [Neurology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders

[Dermatology] sciatica: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

sciatic nerve: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

sciatic neuropathy: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

sclera: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

scleral icterus: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

scleritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]; Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

sclerodactyly: Scleroderma [Immunology]

254


scleroderma: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Scleroderma [Immunology]

antibodies to: Transcription [Cell Biology]


differential diagnosis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


scleroderma renal crisis: Scleroderma [Immunology]

sclerosing adenosis: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]; Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

sclerosing cholangitis: Biliary disorders [Gastroenterology]

sclerosing encephalitis: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

scoliosis: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

scopolamine: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

scopolamine patch: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

scorpions sting: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

Scotch tape test: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

screening programs, disease prevention and: Public Health [Behavioral Science]

scrotal disorders: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

hernias and: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

scrotum: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

scurvy: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

seasonal allergies: B-Cells [Immunology]

sebaceous glands: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

seborrheic dermatitis: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

seborrheic keratosis: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

sebum: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]; Skin Infections [Dermatology]


secondary amenorrhea: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

secondary amyloidosis: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Inflammation

[Pathology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

secondary generalized seizure: Seizures [Neurology]

secondary hemochromatosis: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

secondary hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

secondary hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal Failure [Renal]

secondary hypertension: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]; Secondary

Hypertension [Cardiology]

secondary hypogonadism: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

secondary palate: Cleft Lip and Palate [Reproductive]

secondary syphilis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

second pharyngeal arch: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

second pharyngeal pouch: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

secretin: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

function: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

physiology: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

secretin test: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

secretion (renal): Physiology II [Renal]

secretory pathway: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

segmental thrombosing vasculitis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

segmented genomes: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]


alcohol-induced: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Seizures [Neurology]


drug-induced: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology

[Gastroenterology]; General Anesthesia [Neurology]; Opioids [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry];

Seizures [Neurology]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

255


eclampsia and: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

embolisms and: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

hamartomas and: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]



impaired-driver guidelines: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]





signs and symptoms: Seizures [Neurology]

treatment: Seizures [Neurology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

tuberous sclerosis and: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

tumor-induced: Brain Tumors [Neurology]


selection bias: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

selective culture media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM): Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]; Osteoporosis Drugs

[Musculoskeletal]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

selective IgA deficiency: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

selective norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

selective proteinuria: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): Antidepressants [Psychiatry]


atypical depression treatment: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]



selegiline: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

selenium sulfide: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

self-mutilation: Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

semicircular canals: Vestibular System [Neurology]

semimembranosus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

seminal vesicles: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

seminiferous tubules: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

seminomas: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

semitendinosus muscle: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

senile aortic stenosis: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

senile atrophy, of brain: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

sensitivity and specificity: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Positive and Negative Predictive

Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

sensorineural hearing loss: Auditory System [Neurology]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

sensory cortex: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

sensory neuropathy: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

sentinel node biopsy: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

separation anxiety disorder: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

sepsis


empirical treatment of: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

encapsulated bacteria: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


gram negative: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]



256





stress ulcers and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


septal panniculitis: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

septate uterus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

septic arthritis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

septic shock: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

septic thrombosis: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

serine: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

seronegative spondyloarthritis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Skin Disorders I

[Dermatology] serosa: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

“serosal” inflammation: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

serositis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[Immunology] serotonin

action of: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]


carcinoid syndrome and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

carcinoid tumors: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Valve Disease [Cardiology]


ecstasy and: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]


GI tumor secretion of: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]




SSRIs and: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]


tryptophan metabolism and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]



serotonin 5-hydroxytytamine (5-HT): Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

serotonin modulators: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

serotonin release assay: Platelet Activation [Hematology]

serotonin syndrome: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry];

Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious

Disease] serous cystadenoma: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

serpin: Coagulation [Hematology]

Serratia spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]



[Immunology] identification: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]


serratus anterior muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

Sertoli cells: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male

Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

257


Sertoli cell tumor: Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG): Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

serum sickness: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]




sessile adenomatous polyp: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

7α-hydroxylase: Bile [Gastroenterology]

17α-hydroxylase deficiency: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Transplants

[Immunology] sevoflurane: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

sex cord stromal tumors: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

sex hormone binding globulins (SHBGs): Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways

[Endocrinology] sexual abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

sexual development, disorders of: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual

Development [Reproductive]. See also ambiguous genitalia; specific disorders

sexual dysfunction: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). See also specific diseases

condyloma acuminatum (venereal warts): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]


gram negative bacteria and: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

hepatitis B virus: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

HIV/AIDs: HIV [Infectious Disease]

minors, guidelines for treatment of: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]


Trichomonas vaginalis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

viral: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

Sezary syndrome: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

shagreen patches: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

shaken baby syndrome: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

shawl sign: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Sheehan syndrome: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

shield chest: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

Shiga-like toxin: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Growth and

Genetics [Infectious Disease]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Shiga toxin: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Shigella spp.: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

bloody diarrhea: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]



[Musculoskeletal] virulence of: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

shingles

dermotome rash: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]


shock: Shock [Cardiology]

causes: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

258



hemodynamics of: Shock [Cardiology]


ischemic hepatitis (shock liver): Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

non-occlusive ischemia and: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

physical exam: Shock [Cardiology]



superantigens and: T-cells [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

treatments: Shock [Cardiology]

shock liver (ischemic hepatitis): Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

shock treatment: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

shoulder

anatomy: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

chondrosarcomas of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

injuries: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

shoulder droop: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

shoulder dystocia: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

shoulder pain

dialysis-related amyloidosis and: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

referred: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

shoulder shrugging: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

shuffling gate: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

shunts: Shunts [Cardiology]

with chronic bronchitis: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


great vessel transpositions and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]


Qp to Qs ratio: Shunts [Cardiology]

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) reduction: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]


sialic acid: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

sicca symptoms: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

sickle cell anemia: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]; Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

amino acid substitution in: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]



avascular necrosis side effect: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

drugs for treating: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]



malaria protection: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

missense mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]


osteomyelitis: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

papillary necrosis cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]



secondary hemochromatosis and (complications): Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

Southern blot diagnosis: Blotting [Cell Biology]

Strep pneumonia risks: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


sickle cell crisis: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

259


sickle cell disease: Thalassemias [Hematology]; Transplants [Immunology]

sickle cell trait: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

sickling test: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

sideroblastic anemia: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

sigmoid colon: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

signaling pathways: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]. See also

specific pathways

signal recognition particle (SRP): Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

signal sequences (proteins): Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT): Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

signet ring cells: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

sildenafil: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]

silencers, for transcription: Transcription [Cell Biology]

silent mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

silica: Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]

silicosis: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

silver stain: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Pneumocystis jirovecii: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

silver-sulfadiazine cream: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

simple bone cysts: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

simple columnar epithelium cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

simple cuboidal epithelium cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

ovary: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

simple cysts: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

simple squamous epithelium cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

simplification: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

simvastatin: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

single blind: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS): Microarrays and FISH [Cell Biology]

sinus bradycardia: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

sinuses (brain): Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

sinusitis

Kartagener’s syndrome and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]


mucormycosis feature: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]



sinus node

antiarrhythmic drugs and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

lithium effect on: Lithium [Psychiatry]


sinusoids, of spleen: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

sinus rhythm: AVNRT [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

sinus tachycardia: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

sinus venosus: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

sirenomelia: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

sirolimus: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

Sister Mary Joseph nodule: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

sitagliptin: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

situs inversus: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP): Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Antimetabolites [Hematology];

Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]; Purine Metabolism

[Biochemistry]

260


6-phosphogluconate pathway. See HMP shunt

6-thioguanine: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

sixth pharyngeal arch: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

Sjögren syndrome: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]



primary biliary cirrhosis association with: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]


rheumatoid arthritis association: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]


skeletal muscle. See also specific muscles


atrophy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]


cardiac muscle similarities: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]


hypertrophy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

muscle disorders of: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

structure and function: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

skewed data: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

skewed lyonization: Pedigrees [Genetics]

skin: Skin [Dermatology]


ACTH and: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]

anthrax infection: Virulence [Infectious Disease]



blastomycosis involvement of: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]


bronzing: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]




fungal skin infections: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

hypopigmentation: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

layers of: Skin [Dermatology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]





skin abscesses: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Skin Infections [Dermatology]

skin cancer: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

with albinism: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

parakeratosis and: Skin [Dermatology]

xeroderma pigmentosum and: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

skin disorders: Neoplasia [Pathology]; Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]; Skin

Disorders II [Dermatology]

skin flushing. See flushing

skin hyperpigmentation. See hyperpigmentation

skin infections: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

anthrax: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

bacillary angiomatosis: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

blueberry muffin syndrome: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

261


Nocardia spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]



skin lesions

Kaposi sarcoma: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]

primary and secondary: Skin [Dermatology]

skin rashes. See rashes

skull

bone tumors of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteomas: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]


slapped cheek disease: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

sleep apnea: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Pulmonary Circulation [Pulmonary]; Sleep Apnea

[Pulmonary] sleep attacks: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep disorders: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

sleep disturbances: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep paralysis: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep-related eating disorder: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep terrors: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sleep walking: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sliding hiatal hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE): Hip [Musculoskeletal]

SMAD4 gene: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

small cell lung cancer: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]


growth hormone secretion by: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]


treatment: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

small intestine

B vitamin absorption: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

cancer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome as risk factor for: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]


hormone secretion by: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]


red infarcts of: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

small lymphocytic lymphoma: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

smallpox: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

smallpox vaccine: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

smell: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

smoking



adenocarcinoma risk factor: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]


breast disorder risk factor: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]


Buerger’s disease risk factor: Vasculitis [Immunology]



262


COPD and: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]


emphysema cause: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

esophageal cancer risk factor: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]



inflammatory bowel disease and: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]


lung cancer risk factor: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

maternal-fetal complications: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]



osteoporosis cause: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]




renal cell carcinoma risk factor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]


squamous cell carcinoma risk factor: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]


teratogenic effects of: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

transitional cell carcinoma risk factor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

vitamin C requirements and: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

smoking cessation: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

smooth muscle: Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]





smudge cells: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

SNARE proteins: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

snowstorm appearance (ultrasound): Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors): Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

soap bubble lesions, on MRI: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious

Disease] social anxiety disorder: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]; Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

sodium

disorders: Sodium Disorders [Renal]



and water balance: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

sodium bicarbonate

for drug overdose: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

renal tubular acidosis treatment: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]


tricyclic antidepressants overdose treatment: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

sodium channels: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]

sodium-chloride media: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

sodium disorders: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

sodium intake


hypertension risk factor: Hypertension [Cardiology]

263


hyponatremia causes: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

sodium nitrite: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

sodium oxybate: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

sodium phenylacetate-sodium benzoate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

sodium phenylbutyrate: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

sodium phosphate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

sodium polystyrene sulfonate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

sodium restriction: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

sodium stibogluconate: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

sodium/water retention. See also edema

cardiac output and: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]


soleus muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

solid tumors: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA drugs [Hematology];

Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

somatic cells: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

somatic delusions: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

somatic disorders: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

somatic hypermutation: B-Cells [Immunology]

somatic mosaicism: Down syndrome [Genetics]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]

somatic mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]

somatic symptom disorder: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

somatization: Somatic and Factitious Disorders [Psychiatry]

somatoform conditions: Dissociative Disorders [Psychiatry]

somatomedin: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

somatostatin: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology];

Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]; Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus,

Limbic [Neurology]

somatotroph adenoma: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

somatotropin: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

somnolence: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

sorbitol


diabetes and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]


osmotic laxative: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

sorbitol MacConkey agar: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

sotalol: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

Southern blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]


spare receptors: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

sparfloxacin: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

spastic bladder: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

spastic paralysis: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

spatial neglect: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

spectrin: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

speech pathologies: Cerebellum [Neurology]

speech production: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

speech therapy: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

speech tics: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

sperm: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

spermatic cord: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

264


spermatic fascia: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

spermatic veins: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

spermatocele: Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

spermatocytes: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

spermatogenesis: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Meiosis [Genetics]; Spermatogenesis and

Oogenesis [Reproductive]

spermatogonia: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis [Reproductive]

spherocytes: External Hemolysis [Hematology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]

spherocytosis: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

spherule: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

sphincter of Oddi: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]; Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

[Gastroenterology] sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

sphincter pupillae: The Pupil [Neurology]

sphingolipidoses: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

sphingolipids: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

sphingomyelin: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

spider angiomata: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

spike and dome subepithelial deposits: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]

spina bifida: Neuroembryology [Neurology]

spinal canal: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

spinal cord



structures: Spinal Cord [Neurology]

syndromes: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]



ventricles and: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

spinal cord tracts: Spinal Cord [Neurology]

spinal fluid testing: Meningitis [Neurology]

spinal nerves and nerve roots: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

spinal stenosis: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

spinal tap

meningitis diagnosis: Meningitis [Neurology]

pseudotumor cerebri diagnosis: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

spinal V nucleus: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

spine


osteoblastoma of: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

osteomyelitis of: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


prostate cancer metastasis: Prostate [Reproductive]

seronegative spondyloarthritis of: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

structures of: Spinal Cord [Neurology]

spinocerebellar pathway: Brainstem [Neurology]

spinothalamic tract: Spinal Cord [Neurology]




spirochetes: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious

Disease]

265


spironolactone




non-anion gap metabolic acidosis: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

polycystic ovarian syndrome treatment: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

primary aldosteronism treatment: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

side effects: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


spleen: Lymph Nodes and Spleen [Immunology]; Necrosis [Pathology]

anatomy: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

ceramide derivatives accumulation in: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

embryology: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

extravascular hemolysis in: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


as secondary lymphoid organ: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]


spleen infarction: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

splenectomy

hereditary spherocytosis treatment: Intrinsic Hemolysis [Hematology]


splenic dysfunction treatment: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

Strep pneumonia risks: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia treatment: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

splenic artery: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

splenic dysfunction: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

splenic flexure: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

splenic infarction: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

splenic sequestration crisis: Sickle Cell Anemia [Hematology]

splenic vein thrombosis: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

splenomegaly

Felty syndrome and: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

hairy cell leukemia feature: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]


malaria feature: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

portal vein thrombosis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

with primary myelofibrosis: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]



spliceosome: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]; Transcription [Cell Biology]

splicing errors: Transcription [Cell Biology]

splinter hemorrhages: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

splitting (defense mechanism): Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]; Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

spondylitis: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

spondylolisthesis: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

spongiform encephalopathy: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

spongiosis: Skin [Dermatology]

spontaneous abortion: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II

[Reproductive]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP): Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

spontaneous cardioversion: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

spontaneous pneumothorax: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

266


spores (conidia): Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

spores and spore-forming bacteria: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Bacteria [Infectious Disease];

Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis): Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

sporozoites (malaria): Malaria [Infectious Disease]

spousal abuse: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

sprue: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

squalene oxidase: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

squamocolumnar junction: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

squamous cell carcinoma: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

actinic keratosis leading to: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

anal: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

bladder: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

cervical carcinoma: Cervical Cancer [Reproductive]

dermoid cyst association: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

esophageal webs and rings developing into: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

of esophagus: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


human papillomavirus (HPV) and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

keratin and: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

lungs: Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

parathyroid hormone-related protein synthesis by: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

penis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

of penis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]


vaginal carcinoma: Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]

squatting


tetralogy of Fallot symptoms and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

SRY gene: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Skeletal


SSRIs. See selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

stable angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

ischemia and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


staghorn calculi: Kidney Stones [Renal]

stains, for bacteria: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

standard deviation (SD): Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Diagnostic Tests

[Biostatistics/Epidemiology] standard error of the mean (SEM): Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

standardization: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

standard precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

stapedius paralysis: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

Staphylococcus aureus: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; ß-

Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

cellulitis and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]



[Immunology] culturing: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]


267




impetigo and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


mastitis and: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]


penicillin resistance mechanism: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]



precautions: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

scalded skin syndrome: Skin Infections [Dermatology]



superantigens of: T-cells [Immunology]

virulence: B-Cells [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

wounds and: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

Staphylococcus epidermidis: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Endocarditis [Cardiology]

biofilm: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

prosthetic material infections: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

surgical-site infections and: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]


urinary infections: Urinary Infections [Renal]

Staphylococcus spp.

bacteremia: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

classification: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

endocarditis: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]


identification: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]


starch

defined: Glucose [Biochemistry]



“starry sky” morphology: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

startle myoclonus: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

starvation. See fasting and starvation

state regulations

on abortion and parental notification: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]


impaired-driver guidelines: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

on reportable illnesses: Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

statin myopathy: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

statins


causes of: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

coenzyme Q levels and: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

EKG readings: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

hydrophilic vs. lipophilic: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

for hyperlipidemia: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]


268


statistical distribution: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

statistical errors: Hypothesis Testing [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

statistics, overview: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

status asthmaticus: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

status epilepticus: Seizures [Neurology]

ST depressions (EKG)

causes of: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]


non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

unstable angina: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

steady state (drug administration): Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

steatohepatitis: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

steatorrhea

celiac sprue symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

giardiasis feature: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

malabsorption manifestation: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

pancreatic insufficiency: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Cystic Fibrosis

[Pulmonary] tropical sprue symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial

Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

ST-elevations (ECG): ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]; Stable Angina [Cardiology]

stellate cells (perisinusoidal cells): Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

stem cells

endometriosis and: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

in stratum basalis: Skin [Dermatology]



stem cell transplantation

busulfan used in preparation of: Alkylating Agents [Hematology]

IL-12 receptor deficiency treatment: T-cells [Immunology]


primary amyloidosis treatment: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

primary myelofibrosis treatment: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

stenosis, defined: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

stents

complications of: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

coronary: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

for stable angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

IIB/IIIA receptor blockers for stenting: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

stercobilin: Bile [Gastroenterology]; Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

sterile pyuria: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Urinary Infections [Renal]

sternocleidomastoid muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

steroid hormones: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]. See also androgens; estrogens

steroids. See also glucocorticoids


adrenal crisis and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) disease treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

aspergillosis treatment: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious

Disease] avascular necrosis side effect: Hip [Musculoskeletal]


hepatitis treatment: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

269


hypersensitivity pneumonitis treatment: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


immunosuppressive drug therapy and: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

lupus treatment: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

minimal change disease treatment: Nephrotic Syndrome [Renal]



ophthalmopathy treatment: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

pancreatitis treatment: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

pericarditis treatment: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]




stress-dosing: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

synthesis: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

synthesis of: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]


vasculitis treatment: Vasculitis [Immunology]

weaning with methotrexate: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

sterols: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]

Stevens-Johnson syndrome: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

antibiotics adverse effect: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]



mycoplasma pneumonia association: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]


stillbirth: TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

stimulants: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

action of: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]; Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

ADHD treatment: ADHD and Autism [Psychiatry]

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder treatment: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

stimulus: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

stippled epiphyses (X-ray): Teratogens I [Reproductive]

St. John’s Wart: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

St. Louis encephalitis: Meningitis [Neurology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

stocking-glove sensory loss: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

stomach

blood supply: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

gastritis and: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]. See also gastritis



physiology: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

stomatitis: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

stool antigen test: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

stool cultures: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

stool examination: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

stool osmotic gap: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

stool pH test: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

stool softeners: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

stooped posture: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

stop codons: Translation [Cell Biology]

stork bite birthmark: Skin [Dermatology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

270


strabismus: Eye Movements [Neurology]

straight leg raise test: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

strawberry hemangioma: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

strawberry tongue: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

streak gonads: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

streak ovaries: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

strep bovis: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]


Strep mutans: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


antibiotic coverage: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


strep throat. See pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

Streptococci spp.

classification: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]




Lancefield grouping: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

nephritic syndrome cause: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]


Streptococcus agalactiae: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

Streptococcus bovis: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

Streptococcus gallolyticus: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

Streptococcus pneumoniae: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]






immunizations for: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]


mucosa colonization by: B-Cells [Immunology]


pneumonia cause: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]





vaccine: B-Cells [Immunology]; Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


Streptococcus pyogenes

cellulitis and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

erysipelas and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]

impetigo and: Skin Infections [Dermatology]


superantigens of: T-cells [Immunology]

Streptococcus viridans: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]

streptogramins: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

streptokinase: Coagulation [Hematology]

streptolysin O & S: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

streptomycin

271


action of: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

brucellosis treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

bubonic plague treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


tularemia treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

stress


brief psychotic disorder trigger: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

cellular response to: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]



neurotransmitters response to: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

stress-dose steroids: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

stress fractures: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

stress-induced cardiomyopathy: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

stress ulcers: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

striated muscles: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

striatum: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

strictures

of biliary tract: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

of biliary tree: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]



lye ingestion and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

strokes: Cerebral and Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Vertebrobasilar

Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]


cardioversion risk factor: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

cerebellar: Cerebellum [Neurology]

cerebral strokes: Cerebral and Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

dementia cause: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]




hypertension: Hypertension [Cardiology]

ischemic complication: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

lacunar strokes: Cerebral and Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]


management of: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

patent foramen ovale (PFO) and: Shunts [Cardiology]


prevention: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]

risk scores: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


thienopyridine treatment: Antiplatelets [Hematology]


treatment: Coagulation [Hematology]; Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]


vertebrobasilar stroke syndromes: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

vision problems following: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

stroke volume (SV): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]



272


stroma (endometrium): Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

stromal tumors: Breast Disorders [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

Strongyloides stercoralis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

struma ovarii: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]

struvite stones: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Kidney Stones [Renal]. See also kidney stones

study designs: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Sturge-Weber syndrome: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

stuttering: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

stylohyoid muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

styloid process, of temporal bone: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

stylopharyngeus muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

subacute combined degeneration: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

subacute endocarditis: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain’s/granulomatous thyroiditis): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

subarachnoid hemorrhage: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Headaches [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding

[Neurology]; Meningitis [Neurology]

subchondral cyst: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

subchondral sclerosis: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

subcutaneous antidiabetic agents: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

subcutaneous emphysema: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

subcutaneous fat: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

subcutaneous nodules: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

subdural hematoma: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

subendocardial ischemia: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]; NSTEMI and

Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

subependymal giant cell astrocytomas: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders

[Dermatology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

subfalcine herniation: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

subfornical organ (SFO): Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

sublimation: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

sublingual gland: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

submandibular gland: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

submucosa: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus): Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

subscapularis muscle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

substance abuse. See also alcohol use and abuse




laxatives: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

minors and guidelines for treatment of: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]



substance abuse disorder: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]

substantia nigra: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]

subthalamic nucleus: Basal Ganglia [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

succinylcholine: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

succinyl-CoA


heme synthesis and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Porphyrias

[Hematology] organic acidemias and: Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]

273


TCA cycle and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

sucking reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

sucralfate: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

sucrose: Fructose and Galactose [Biochemistry]; Glucose [Biochemistry]

sudden cardiac death


systolic heart failure patients: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

sudden death

coronary artery disease (CAD) and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

risk factors: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

sleep apnea: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)


risk factors: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

smoking and: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

suicide

borderline personality disorder and: Personality Disorders [Psychiatry]

psychiatric diagnoses with: Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]

schizophrenia complication: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

sulbactam




Pasteurella spp. infection treatment: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


sulfa allergy: Diuretics [Renal]

sulfadiazine: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides [Infectious

Disease] sulfa drugs (sulfonamides): Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]


adverse skin reactions: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

allergies: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]



hypersensitivity: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

nephritis and: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]



sulfamethoxazole: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

sulfasalazine: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

sulfatides: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]; Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

sulfation: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

sulfisoxazole: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

sulfonylureas: Endocrine Pancreas [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

sulfur granules: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

sumatriptan: Headaches [Neurology]

sunburn: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

sunburst/sunray sign: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

superantigens: T-cells [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

superficial basal cell carcinoma: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

superficial fibular nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

superficial inguinal nodes: Gastrointestinal Anatomy [Gastroenterology]

274


superficial inguinal ring: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

superficial mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

superficial nodular phlebitis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

superficial spreading melanoma: Skin Cancer [Dermatology]

superior cerebellar peduncle: Cerebellum [Neurology]

superior gluteal nerve: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

superior laryngeal nerve: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

superior thyroid artery: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Lung Cancer [Pulmonary]

superoxide (02): Free Radicals [Pathology]

superoxide dismutase: Free Radicals [Pathology]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]; Special Growth Requirements

[Infectious Disease] supine hypotension: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

suppression: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

supracondylar facture: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

supraoptic nuclei: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

suprarenal arteries: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

suprascapular nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

supraspinatus muscle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

supravalvular aortic stenosis: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Valve Disease

[Cardiology] supraventricular tachycardias: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

suramin: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

surface F (fusion) protein: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

surfactant: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

surgical-site infections: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

surrogates, decision-making capacity and: Decision Making Capacity [Behavioral Science]

survey studies: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Svedberg units: Translation [Cell Biology]

swallowing: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

swallowing study (video): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Swan-Ganz catheter: Shock [Cardiology]

swan neck deformity: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

swarm phenotype: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

sweat chloride test: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

sweat glands: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

sweating








septic arthritis feature: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

swimmer’s ear. See otitis externa

swimmer’s itch: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

swinging flashlight test: The Pupil [Neurology]

Swyer syndrome: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

Sydenham chorea: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

sympathetic ganglia: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]; Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]

sympathetic nervous system


275



cardiac muscle contraction and: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]



exercise response mediated by: Cardiovascular Response to Exercise [Cardiology]




nitrates and: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

norepinephrine: Autonomic Drugs: Norepinephrine [Neurology]



saliva regulation by: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]



tumors of: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]


sympathomimetic drugs

action of: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]



syncope


carotid massage and: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]




syncytiotrophoblast: Placenta [Reproductive]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

syndactyly: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion


causes: Sodium Disorders [Renal]


diagnosis: Sodium Disorders [Renal]


mechanism: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

treatment: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

vinca alkaloid toxicity: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

synesthesia: Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

syngenetic graft: Transplants [Immunology]

synovial fluid: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

synovial hypertrophy: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

synovial joints: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

synovium: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

syphilis

cause: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

chancre: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]


false positives: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction to treatment: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]



sequelae of: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

276



syringomyelia: Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

systematic desensitization: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]

systemic amyloidosis: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

systemic errors: Diagnostic Tests [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

systemic lupus erythematous (SLE): Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[Immunology] acute interstitial nephritis cause: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]




selective IgA deficiency and: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]


treatment: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Malaria [Infectious Disease]


systemic sclerosis. See scleroderma

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)


Flow equation and: Shock [Cardiology]


systole: Pressure Volume Loops [Cardiology]

systolic blood pressure (SBP)



systolic dysfunction: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

systolic heart failure: Heart Failure Basics [Cardiology]; Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

anthracycline toxicity: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]




pathophysiology of: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

quality measurements for use of: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

symptoms of: Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

treatment: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Antihypertensives

[Cardiology]; Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

systolic murmurs: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

T T3 (thyroid hormone): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

T4 (thyroid hormone): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

tabes dorsalis: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

tachycardia



muscarinic blocker effect: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]





tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

tacrolimus: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]

tactile hallucinations: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Psychosis [Psychiatry]; Stimulants

277


[Psychiatry] tadalafil: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]; Prostate [Reproductive]

taeniasis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Taenia solium: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

tafluprost: Glaucoma [Neurology]

Takayasu’s arteritis: Vasculitis [Immunology]

Tamm–Horsfall mucoprotein (THP): Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

tamoxifen: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

action of: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

breast carcinoma treatment: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]

endometrial hyperplasia risk factor: Endometrial Cancer [Reproductive]

tamponade: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

EKG reading: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]


shock and: Shock [Cardiology]

signs and symptoms of: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

treatment: Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]

tamsulosin: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Prostate [Reproductive]

tangentiality: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

tangential speech: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]

tapeworms (cestodes): Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1976): Confidentiality [Behavioral Science]

tardive dyskinesia: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]; Gastrointestinal


target cells: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

tarsal tunnel: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP): Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

taste: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

TATA box: Transcription [Cell Biology]

tau proteins: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

taurine: Bile [Gastroenterology]

taut form (T), of hemoglobin: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

taxol: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

Tay-Sachs disease: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

tazobactam: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

TCA cycle: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

activation of: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

co-factors for: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]




glucogenic amino acids and: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


glycolysis regulation and: Glycolysis [Biochemistry]

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

ketolysis and: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

NADH stalling: Ethanol Metabolism [Biochemistry]

products: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

rate limiting step of: TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

T-cell receptors: T-cells [Immunology]

T-cells: T-Cells [Immunology]

activation: B-Cells [Immunology]

278


adaptive immunity: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

antigen presentation: T-cells [Immunology]

apoptosis: Apoptosis [Pathology]


celiac sprue complication: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

class switching: B-Cells [Immunology]



immune deficiency syndromes of: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

leukemia-lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

lymphoid organs and: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

malignancies: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

multiple sclerosis and: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]

platelet disorder of: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

seronegative spondyloarthritis and: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

tear drop cells (dacryocytes): Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

teeth

bulimia nervosa and: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]

syphilis and: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

tetracycline precautions: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]

telangiectasias: Cerebellum [Neurology]; Scleroderma [Immunology]

telephone conversations, consent guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

Tellurite plate: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

telomerase: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]; Neoplasia [Pathology]

telomeres: DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

telophase (mitosis): Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

temperate phages: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

temperature


as hemoglobin allosteric effectors: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

regulation: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

spermatogenesis and: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

temper outbursts: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis): Vasculitis [Immunology]


polymyalgia rheumatica association: Muscle Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

temporal bone: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

temporalis muscle: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

temporal lobe

Pick’s disease: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]



temporal lobe epilepsy: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

tendinous xanthoma: Hyperlipidemia [Biochemistry]

tendonitis


shoulder pain: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

teniposide: DNA drugs [Hematology]

tennis elbow: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

tenofovir: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

Tensilon test: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

tension headache: Headaches [Neurology]

tension pneumothorax: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]; Shock [Cardiology]

279


tensor fasciae latae: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

tensor tympani: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

teratogens: Germ Layers [Reproductive]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]. See also

specific teratogens

teratoma: Neoplasia [Pathology]; Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors

[Reproductive] terazosin: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

terbinafine: Antifungal Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

terbutaline: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]

teres minor muscle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

terfenadine: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

teriparatide: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands

[Endocrinology] terminal cisternae: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

terminal complement pathway deficiency: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

terminal duct lobular unit: Breast Tissue [Reproductive]

terminal ileum

lipid absorption: Bile [Gastroenterology]

vitamin B12 absorption: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

termination, of protein synthesis: Translation [Cell Biology]

tertiary amines: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]; Renal Failure [Renal]

tertiary syphilis: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

testes

cancer: DNA drugs [Hematology]; Testicular Cancer [Reproductive]



hemochromatosis affecting: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

hypogonadism of: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

non-gestational choriocarcinoma of: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]

reproductive hormones and: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

as sanctuary site: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

tumors: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular


undescended: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Male Reproductive Hormones

[Endocrinology] testicular torsion: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal


testis determining factor: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

testosterone

effects in males: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]


for male hypogonadism: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

polycystic ovarian syndrome diagnosis: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]


tests of significance: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

tetanospasmin: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

tetanus: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

tetanus toxoid: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

tetanus vaccine: B-Cells [Immunology]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious

Disease] tetany: Electrolytes [Renal]

tetrabenazine

280


Huntington’s disease treatment: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]


tetracaine: Local Anesthesia [Neurology]

tetracycline

action of: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

antacids precaution: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]; Other Antibiotics [Infectious

Disease] photosensitivity and: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

resistance to: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]


tropical sprue treatment: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4): Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Other Drugs [Psychiatry]

tetrahydrofolate: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine


tetralogy of Fallot

alprostadil and: Shunts [Cardiology]

cyanotic congenital heart disease and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]


embryology of: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

fetal alcohol syndrome: Shunts [Cardiology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

other features of: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

overview: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

physiology: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

pulmonary regurgitation and: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


treatment: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

“tet spells”: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

thalamic nuclei: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

thalamic syndrome: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

thalamus: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System[Neurology]

aneurysms of: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]; Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]


hemorrhagic stroke of: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]



thalassemias: Malaria [Infectious Disease]; Thalassemias [Hematology]

thalidomide: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

Thayer-Martin culture media: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

thebesian vein: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]

theca cells: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]


of ovarian follicle: Female Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

theca-lutein cysts: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

thecoma: Ovarian Stromal Tumors [Reproductive]

thenar muscles: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

theophylline

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Stimulants [Psychiatry]



dose response: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]


microglide precaution: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

281


therapeutic index: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

therapeutic privilege, informed consent guidelines and: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

thermogenin: Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

thiamine: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

deficiency of: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

as dehydrogenase complex co-factor: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]; TCA Cycle [Biochemistry]


thiamine deficiency

beriberi: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]


for maple syrup urine disease: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome association: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry];

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

thiamine pyrophosphate: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

thiazide diuretics: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]

action of: Diuretics [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

acute interstitial nephritis and: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]


hypomagnesemia and: Electrolytes [Renal]





thiazolidinediones (TZDS): Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

thick ascending loop Henle: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

thick filaments (sarcomere): Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

thienopyridine: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

thigh, innervation: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]; Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

thigh adductor muscles: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

thin descending loop Henle: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

thin filaments (sarcomere): Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

thioamides: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thiocyanate: Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

thionamides: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

thiopental: General Anesthesia [Neurology]

thioridazine: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]; Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

thiosulfate (sodium thiosulfate): Hemoglobin [Pulmonary]

third-degree burns: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

third pharyngeal arch: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

thoracentesis: Inflammation [Pathology]; Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

thoracic outlet syndrome: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

thought blocking: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

3-day measles. See rubella

“3-sign” on chest X-ray: Coarctation of the Aorta [Cardiology]

threonine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]; Cell Structure [Cell Biology]

thrombin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulation [Hematology]

thrombin time: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders

[Hematology] thrombocytopenia: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


anticoagulant drug side effect: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]


282


aplastic anemia symptom: Other Anemias [Hematology]

Bernard-Soulier syndrome and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

disseminated intravascular coagulation association: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

Ehrlichia spp. infection as cause of: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

HELLP syndrome feature: Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

hemolytic uremic syndrome: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

heparin-induced: Platelet Activation [Hematology]

IIB/IIIA receptor blockers adverse effect: Antiplatelets [Hematology]


liver disease and: Coagulopathies [Hematology]



thrombocytosis: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

thrombolysis



stroke management: Management of TIA/Stroke [Neurology]

thrombomodulin: Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

thromboplastin: Coagulation [Hematology]

thrombopoietin: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

thrombosis

essential thrombocytosis symptom: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

mesenteric ischemia and: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]


paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Complement System [Immunology]; Intrinsic Hemolysis

[Hematology] polycythemia vera and: Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]

stent complications and prevention: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

thromboxanes: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

thrombus


cavernous sinus syndrome cause: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]


formation: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Coagulation [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States

[Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [Cardiology]; ST-Elevation

Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

intravascular hemolysis and: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]


prevention: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter

[Cardiology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Hypertension [Cardiology]


retinal artery occlusion cause: The Retina [Neurology]

risk factors: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

treatment: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

ultrasound: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

thrush: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

thumb: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

thumb sign: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

thymic aplasia. See DiGeorge syndrome

thymic medulla: Apoptosis [Pathology]

thymic transplant: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

283


thymidine: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Antimetabolites [Hematology]; DNA structure

[Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

thymidine kinase: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

thymidylate synthase: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

thymine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

thymoma: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Other Anemias [Hematology]

thymus

anatomy and function of: T-cells [Immunology]





as primary lymphoid organ: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

thyroglobulin: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroglossal duct: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroglossal duct cyst: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid binding globulin: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

thyroid cancer: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

thyroid cartilage: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

thyroid disease




thyroid disorders: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]. See also hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; thyroiditis

autoimmune: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid dysgenesis: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid gland: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

anatomy: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]


embryology: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

lithium toxicity and: Lithium [Psychiatry]


thyroid hormone

cardiac effects: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

CNS and bone effects of: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]


metabolic effects of: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

regulation of: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]



transport: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroiditis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

thyroidization of kidney: Urinary Infections [Renal]

thyroid panel: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid peroxidase (TPO): Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid releasing hormone (TRH): Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid replacement therapy: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]; Hypogonadism

[Reproductive]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]

thyroid storm: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyropharyngeus muscle: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

284


thyrotropin: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]; Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]

thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG): Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

tibia: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

tibialis anterior muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

tibialis posterior muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

tibial nerve: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

tibial tuberosity: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

ticagrelor


platelet inhibitor: Platelet Activation [Hematology]

for thrombosis prevention: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

ticarcillin: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

tic douloureux (painful tic): Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

ticks (disease vector): RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria

[Infectious Disease] ticlopidine: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

tics: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]

tidal volume: Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

tight junctions (occluding junctions or zonula occludens): Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

time period, of studies: Study Designs [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

timolol: Antihypertensives [Cardiology]; Glaucoma [Neurology]

tinea capitis: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tinea corporis: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tinea cruris (jock itch): Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tinea pedis (athlete’s foot): Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tinea unguium (onychomycosis): Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tinea versicolor: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

Tinel’s sign: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

tinnitus: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]




pseudotumor cerebri feature: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

schwannoma feature: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

Tinsdale media: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

tiotropium: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

tirofiban: Antiplatelets [Hematology]

tissue edema: Inflammation [Pathology]

tissue factor: Coagulation [Hematology]

tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI): Coagulation [Hematology]

tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): Coagulation [Hematology]

tissue transglutaminase: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

titin: Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

titratable acids: Acid Excretion [Renal]

titration curves: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

T loop: Translation [Cell Biology]

TMP-SMX: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]


Nocardia spp. infection treatment: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

opportunist infection prophylaxis: HIV [Infectious Disease]


Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia treatment: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

285


for urinary infection: Urinary Infections [Renal]

TNF-α


innate immunity and: Innate Immunity [Immunology]

insulin resistance and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

TNF-α inhibitors: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]

granulomatous inflammation treatment: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]



TNM staging system: Neoplasia [Pathology]

tobramycin: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

tocopherol. See vitamin E

togaviruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

tolazamide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

tolbutamide: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

tolcapone: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

toll-like receptors (TLRs): Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Pathology]; Innate Immunity [Immunology]

tolvaptan: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

tongue



ectopic thyroid and: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

fasciculations: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

Plummer-Vinson syndrome and: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

reflexes: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

ulcers of: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

tonic-clonic seizures: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Hypertension in Pregnancy [Reproductive]

tonometry: Glaucoma [Neurology]

tonsillar herniation: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

tonsils: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

tophi: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

topiramate




top of the basilar syndrome: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

topoisomerase I & II: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]; DNA Replication [Cell Biology]

topoisomerase I and II inhibitors: DNA drugs [Hematology]

topoisomerase IV: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

topotecan: DNA drugs [Hematology]

TORCH infection: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; The Lens [Neurology]; Maternal-Fetal Disorders

[Reproductive]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; TORCH Infections [Reproductive]

torsades de pointes: EKG Basics [Cardiology]

chemical cardioversion and: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]



treatment of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

torsemide: Acute Heart Failure [Cardiology]; Diuretics [Renal]

torus fracture: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR): Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

total lung capacity: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

total lung volume: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

total peripheral resistance (TPR): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

286



blood pressure determinant: Secondary Hypertension [Cardiology]




venous return curve shifts: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

total ventilation (TV): Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

Tourette syndrome: Childhood disorders [Psychiatry]



toxic acute tubular necrosis: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

toxic adenomas: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

toxic epidermal necrolysis: Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]

antibiotics adverse effect: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]



toxic megacolon: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

toxic multinodular goiter: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

toxic shock syndrome: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]; T-cells

[Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

toxins


bacterial classification: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

cholera: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Clostridium spp.: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

Corynebacterium diphtheria: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]


plasmids and: Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


Toxocara spp.: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

toxoid vaccines: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

Toxoplasma gondii: HIV CNS Infections [Neurology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

toxoplasmosis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]




treatment: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]

trabecular bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

trabecular meshwork: Glaucoma [Neurology]

trachea



tracheal cartilage: Lysosomal Storage Diseases [Biochemistry]

tracheal obstruction: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

tracheoesophageal septum: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

trachoma: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

tracking eye movements: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

tramadol: Opioids [Psychiatry]

“tram-track” appearance (light microscopy): MPGN [Renal]

transcription: Transcription [Cell Biology]

cortisol regulation of: Adrenal Glands [Endocrinology]

DNA methylation and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

epigenetics and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

287


histone acetylation and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

hormone signaling pathway for: Signaling Pathways [Endocrinology]


summary: Translation [Cell Biology]

viral: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

transcription factors: Blotting [Cell Biology]; Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]; Transcription [Cell Biology]

transduction, bacterial: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

transference: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

transferrin: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

anemia of chronic disease: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]


as negative acute-phase reactant: Inflammation [Pathology]

pregnancy levels of: Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

transfer RNA: Transcription [Cell Biology]

transformation (bacteria): Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß): Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

transfusion reactions: Blood Groups [Hematology]; DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Blood Groups [Hematology]

transient hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]

transient myocardial ischemia: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

transient tachypnea: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]

transitional cell carcinoma: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

transitional epithelium: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

transition metals: Free Radicals [Pathology]

transition mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

transition of care: Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

transketolase: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

translation: Translation [Cell Biology]

translocation: Translation [Cell Biology]

acute promyelocytic leukemia cause: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]

ß-lactam antibiotics and: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

Robertsonian: Meiosis [Genetics]

transmural ischemia: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]; ST-Elevation Myocardial

Infarction (STEMI) [Cardiology]

transpeptidases: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

transplant rejection: Transplants [Immunology]

transplants: Transplants [Immunology]. See also organ transplants

pneumonia association: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

retinitis and: The Retina [Neurology]

transport lipoprotein: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

transposition, bacterial: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

transposition of the great arteries (TGA): Teratogens II [Reproductive]

transposons: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

transpulmonary pressure: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

transtentorial herniation: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

transthyretin: Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Inflammation [Pathology]

transudate: Inflammation [Pathology]

transudative effusion: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Prostate [Reproductive]

transversalis fascia: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

transverse abdominis muscle: Pulmonary Anatomy [Pulmonary]

transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum): Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

288


transversion mutations: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

trapezium: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

trapezius muscle: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

trapezoid (bone): Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

trastuzumab: Breast Carcinoma [Reproductive]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

trauma






PTSD cause: Anxiety Disorders [Psychiatry]


skin disorders of (pyogenic granuloma): Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]


travoprost: Glaucoma [Neurology]

trazadone: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

Treacher Collins syndrome: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

tremors





lateral cerebellar lesion feature: Cerebellum [Neurology]



types of: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

Trendelenburg sign and gait: Hip [Musculoskeletal]

treponemal test: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Treponema pallidum: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

Treponema spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

triamcinolone: Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs [Immunology]

triamterene: Diuretics [Renal]

tricarboxylic acid cycle. See TCA cycle

triceps muscle: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

triceps reflex: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]

Trichinella spp.: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

trichinosis: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

Trichomonas vaginalis: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Trichophyton spp.: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

tricuspid atresia: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

tricuspid murmurs: Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]

tricuspid regurgitation




during systole: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


tricuspid stenosis


during diastole: Valve Disease [Cardiology]



289


tricyclic antidepressants

action of: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

anticholinergic side effects: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]


trifluoperazine: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]

trigeminal nerve (CN V)




function of: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

migraines and: Headaches [Neurology]

trigeminal nerve ganglia: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

trigeminal neuralgia: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

triglycerides




formation: Exercise and Starvation [Biochemistry]; Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]



omega-3 fatty acids and: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

treatment of elevated levels: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

trihexyphenidyl: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders

[Neurology] trimethoprim

action of: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]


sulfamethoxazole (SMX) combined with: Sulfonamides [Infectious Disease]


THF synthesis and: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). See TMP-SMX

trinucleotide repeat disorders: DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

triple blind: Clinical Trials [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

triple sugar iron (TSI) test: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious

Disease] triptans: Headaches [Neurology]

triquetrum: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome): Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Neuroembryology [Neurology];

Trisomies [Genetics]

trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome): Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Neuroembryology

[Neurology]; Trisomies [Genetics]

trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). See Down syndrome

trisomy disorders: Meiosis [Genetics]; Trisomies [Genetics]

tRNA: Translation [Cell Biology]

trochlear nerve (CN IV): Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Eye Movements [Neurology]

Tropheryma whipplei: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

trophoblast: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]; Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]; Placenta [Reproductive]

tropical sprue: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

tropicamide: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]

tropocollagen: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

tropoelastin: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

tropomyosin: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

troponins: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]; Skeletal Muscle

290


[Musculoskeletal] Trousseau’s sign: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

Trousseau’s syndrome: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]

true negatives (specificity): Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

true positives (sensitivity): Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

truncal ataxia: Cerebellum [Neurology]

truncus arteriosus: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Immune Deficiency Syndromes

[Immunology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]

Trypanosoma brucei: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Trypanosoma cruzi: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Trypanosoma gambiense: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Trypanosoma rhodesiense: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

Trypanosomes spp.: Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

trypanosomiasis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

trypsin: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]; Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

trypsinogen: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

tryptase: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

tryptophan: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

deficiency: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Other Amino Acids

[Biochemistry] as essential amino acid: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]


metabolism: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

niacin synthesis: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

tryptophan hydroxylase: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

tsetse fly: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

TSH. See thyroid-stimulating hormone

t-test: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

T-tubules: Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Skeletal Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

tubal ligation: Maternal-Fetal Disorders [Reproductive]; Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

tubal pregnancy: Antimetabolites [Hematology]

tuberculin skin testing (TST): Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

tuberculoid leprosy: Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]




aspergilloma association: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

caseating granuloma and: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]


endometritis cause: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

granulomatous infection: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]


infliximab precaution: Immunosuppressants [Immunology]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

osteomyelitis and: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

pathophysiology: Innate Immunity [Immunology]


prophylaxis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]



silicosis association: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

treatment: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

V/Q and: Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

tuberous sclerosis: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]; Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]; Renal and Bladder

291


Malignancies [Renal]

tubocurarine: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

tubular adenomatous polyp: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

tubular epithelial cells: Epithelial Cells [Dermatology]

tubulin polymerization: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

tubuloglomerular feedback: Physiology I [Renal]

tubulointerstitial disorders: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

tularemia (rabbit fever): Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

tumor lysis syndrome: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). See TNF-α

tumor necrosis factor receptors: Apoptosis [Pathology]

tumors. See also specific tumors


bowel obstruction cause: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]


cardiac: Cardiac Tumors [Cardiology]

cavernous sinus syndrome cause: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

gestational: Gestational Tumors [Reproductive]




naming: Neoplasia [Pathology]

ovary: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]; Ovarian Stromal Tumors[Reproductive]

pleural: Pleural Disease [Pulmonary]


tumor suppressor genes: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Neoplasia

[Pathology] tumor suppressors: Cell Cycle [Cell Biology]

tunica albuginea: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

tunica vaginalis: Hernias [Gastroenterology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

Turcot syndrome: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

Turner syndrome: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes [Genetics]


aneuploidy: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]





horseshoe kidney: Renal Embryology [Renal]



T waves

on high yield EKGS: High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]



ischemia: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

unstable angina: NSTEMI and Unstable Angina [Cardiology]

21α-hydroxylase deficiency: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual

Development [Reproductive]

22q deletion syndromes: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]



292



theca-lutein cyst association: Ovarian Cysts [Reproductive]

2x2 table (risk estimation): Positive and Negative Predictive Value [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Risk

Quantification [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]; Sensitivity and Specificity [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

two-hit origin of cancer: Genetic Principles [Genetics]

tympanic membrane: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

tympanic membrane rupture: Auditory System [Neurology]

Type A blood: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

type and screen: Blood Groups [Hematology]

type I collagen: Bone [Musculoskeletal]

type I hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

allergic conjunctivitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

anaphylaxis: Blood Groups [Hematology]


asthma: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]


type II hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR): Blood Groups [Hematology]

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

lupus as: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Immunology]

rheumatic fever: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]



hypersensitivity pneumonitis as: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

inherited C3 deficiency and: Complement System [Immunology]




type IV hypersensitivity reaction: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]

celiac sprue (celiac disease): Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

granulomatous inflammation as: Granulomatous Inflammation [Pathology]

hypersensitivity pneumonitis as: Restrictive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

multiple sclerosis as: Demyelinating Diseases [Neurology]


Sjögren’s syndrome as: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]


typhoid fever: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

typhoid vaccine: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

typhus: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

tyramine: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

MAO inhibitors and: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

serotonin syndrome cause: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

tyrosinase: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

tyrosine: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

hormones with: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

melanin and: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

metabolism of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

phenylalanine conversion: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]


supplementation of: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

thyroid hormones and: Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

tyrosine hydroxylase: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

tyrosine kinase

293






Philadelphia chromosome and: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]

tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Chronic Leukemia [Hematology]; Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

Tzanck smear (HSV test): Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

U ubiquinone: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]; Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

ubiquitination: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Translation [Cell Biology]

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UGT): Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious

Disease] ulcerative colitis: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology];

Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; T-cells [Immunology]

ulceroglandular tularemia: Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

ulcers: Skin [Dermatology]

anthrax infection: Virulence [Infectious Disease]


cutaneous leishmaniasis feature: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

defined: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

diabetic foot disease and: Diabetes [Endocrinology]

duodenal: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

esophagitis: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

gastric: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

genital: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]


herpes simplex virus and: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

H. pylori: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

intestines: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

peptic: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

treatment: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

ulcerative colitis and: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

ulna: Shoulder and Elbow [Musculoskeletal]

ulnar artery: Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

ulnar claw: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

ulnar deviation: Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]

ulnar nerve: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Hand [Musculoskeletal]; Shoulder and Elbow

[Musculoskeletal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

ulnar paradox: Hand [Musculoskeletal]

ultimobranchial body: Pharyngeal Pouches and Clefts [Reproductive]

ultrasound

of cholestasis: Bile [Gastroenterology]

gallstones and: Acute Pancreatitis [Gastroenterology]

thyroid cancer imaging: Thyroid Cancer [Endocrinology]

of varicocele: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

umbilical blood vessels: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]; Placenta [Reproductive]

umbilical cord: Placenta [Reproductive]; Placental Complications [Reproductive]

umbilical hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

umbilicus: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]

UMP synthase: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

294


uncal herniation: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

uncircumcised penis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

unconjugated bilirubin: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

unconscious defense mechanisms: Ego Defenses [Psychiatry]

unconscious patients: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1): Electron Transport Chain [Biochemistry]

undescended testes: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [Endocrinology]; Disorders of Sexual Development

[Reproductive]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Scrotal Disorders [Reproductive]

unfractionated heparin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

ungual fibromas: Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

unhappy triad (knee injuries): Knee [Musculoskeletal]

unicameral bone cysts: Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

unicornuate uterus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

uniparental disomy: Imprinting [Genetics]; Meiosis [Genetics]

unregulated solutes (Cr/Urea): Physiology II [Renal]

unstable angina: Antiplatelets [Hematology]; Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; NSTEMI and Unstable Angina

[Cardiology] untranslated regions, of mRNA: Transcription [Cell Biology]

upper motor neurons: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

damage: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves [Neurology]; Nerve Damage [Neurology]

disorders of: Brainstem [Neurology]; Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]


upper respiratory infection (URI)

asthma trigger: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [Pulmonary]

gram negative bacteria: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]




rheumatic fever association: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

Stevens Johnson syndrome association: Vasculitis [Immunology]


urachal cyst: Placenta [Reproductive]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

urachus: Placenta [Reproductive]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

uracil: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

urate nephropathy: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

urate transporter-1 (URAT1): Gout [Musculoskeletal]

urea

ammonia conversion to: Ammonia [Biochemistry]


physiology: Nephron Physiology [Renal]

urea breath test: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

urea cycle: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

disorders: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism [Biochemistry]; Rheumatoid Arthritis

[Immunology] enzymes of: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]


regulation of: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

urease-positive organisms: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

uremia: Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]; Pericardial Disease [Cardiology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]; Renal

Failure [Renal]

ureter: Renal Embryology [Renal]

ureteric bud: Renal Embryology [Renal]

295


ureteropelvic junction: Renal Embryology [Renal]

ureters: Renal Anatomy [Renal]

urethra: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

urethritis: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

uric acid




purine breakdown and: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

purine metabolic disorder: Purine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

tumor lysis syndrome and: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

uric acid stones: Kidney Stones [Renal]. See also kidney stones

uridine: DNA structure [Biochemistry]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

uridine-MP (UMP) synthase: Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

urinalysis

for carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]

hematuria: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

hemolysis findings: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]


urinary infection diagnosis: Urinary Infections [Renal]

urinary antigen test: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

urinary buffers: Acid Excretion [Renal]

urinary catheter: Endocarditis [Cardiology]

urinary chloride: Eating Disorders [Psychiatry]; Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]; Metabolic

Alkalosis [Renal]

urinary incontinence: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

urinary osmolality: Renal Failure [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

urinary phosphate wasting: HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]

urinary retention: ANS Drugs: Acetylcholine [Neurology]; Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

urinary sodium: Renal Failure [Renal]; Sodium Disorders [Renal]

urinary sugars





urinary tract infections (UTIs): Urinary Tract Infections [Renal]

Berger’s disease association: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

diabetes and: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]


gram negative rods: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]

hematuria cause: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

staphylococci: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

streptococci: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]


treatment: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Sulfonamides

[Infectious Disease] urine

anion gap: Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

concentration: Nephron Physiology [Renal]; Physiology II [Renal]

dark: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

drug excretion: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

eosinophils: Tubulointerstitial Disorders [Renal]

interstitial nephritis signs: Penicillins [Infectious Disease]

296


ketones in: Ketone Bodies [Biochemistry]

multiple myeloma findings: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

net acid excretion: Acid Excretion [Renal]


porphyrias and: Porphyrias [Hematology]

port-wine colored, causes of: Porphyrias [Hematology]

tea-colored, causes of: Porphyrias [Hematology]

urine flow rate: Physiology II [Renal]

urine pH: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]; Renal Tubular Acidosis [Renal]

urine pregnancy tests: Pregnancy [Reproductive]

urine protein-to-creatinine ratio: Glomerular Disease Principles [Renal]

urobilin: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

urobilinogen: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

urogenital folds: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

urogenital sinus: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

uroporphyrin: Porphyrias [Hematology]

uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrias [Hematology]

ursodeoxycholic acid: Biliary Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

urticaria: Hypersensitivity [Immunology]; Hypersensitivity Disorders [Dermatology]; Skin [Dermatology]

uterine atony: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

uterine curettage: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

uterine didelphys: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

uterus

adhesions: Hypogonadism [Reproductive]

anatomy: Endometrial Disorders [Reproductive]

contractions: Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

contractions of: Pituitary Gland [Endocrinology]



embryology abnormalities: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

endometriosis and endometrial disorders of: Endometriosis [Reproductive]

hypertrophy, during pregnancy: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]

rupture: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

utricle: Vestibular System [Neurology]

UVA and UVB radiation: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

uvea: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

uveitis: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

ankylosing spondylitis feature: Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]




rheumatoid arthritis and: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]; Rheumatoid Arthritis [Immunology]


ulcerative colitis finding: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

uvula: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

U waves: EKG Basics [Cardiology]; Electrolytes [Renal]

V vaccinations

as COPD chronic therapy: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

mechanism of: B-Cells [Immunology]


for Neisseria: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

297


for RNA viruses: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

for tuberculosis: Tuberculosis [Pulmonary]

types of: Virulence [Infectious Disease]

viral: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

vaccinia virus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

vagina

adenosis: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

atrophy: Menstrual Cycle [Endocrinology]

cancer: Teratogens I [Reproductive]; Vaginal Cancer [Reproductive]

colonization of: Streptococci [Infectious Disease]




vaginitis

causes: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

treatment: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

vagotomy: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]

vagovagal reflexes: Exocrine Pancreas [Gastroenterology]

vagus nerve (CN X): Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

blood pressure regulation: Regulation of Blood Pressure [Cardiology]



gastric secretion regulation: Gastrointestinal Secretions [Gastroenterology]


hormone regulation: Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]


muscarinic antagonists: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

pharyngeal arch innervation: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

valacyclovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Meningitis [Neurology]

valganciclovir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

valgus knee deformity: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

valine: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

as branched amino acid: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]



sickle cell anemia substitution: Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

valproic acid




neural tube defect risks: Neuroembryology [Neurology]; Teratogens I [Reproductive]


teratogenicity of: Seizures [Neurology]

Valsalva maneuver: AVNRT [Cardiology]; Heart Murmurs [Cardiology]; Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

[Cardiology]; Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

valsartan: Chronic Heart Failure [Cardiology]

valve disease: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

anatomy: Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

carcinoid tumors: Carcinoid Tumors [Gastroenterology]


hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy comparison

lesions: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

regurgitant lesions: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

298


regurgitation, defined: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


stenosis, defined: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

stenotic: Valve Disease [Cardiology]


treatments: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

valvular atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

valvular disease: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]

valvuloplasty: Valve Disease [Cardiology]

vancomycin


cultures: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]

resistance: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

side effects: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

uses: Meningitis [Neurology]; Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]; Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE): Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci

[Infectious Disease] vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Other Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[Infectious Disease]; ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

van den Bergh reaction: Bilirubin [Gastroenterology]

vanillymandelic acid (VMA): Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

vardenafil: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

varenicline: Stimulants [Psychiatry]

variables

correlation between: Correlations [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

types of: Tests of Significance [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

variance: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

variant (Prinzmetal) angina: Stable Angina [Cardiology]

varicella zoster virus: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

dermotome rash: Dermatomes and Reflexes [Neurology]



Reye’s syndrome and: Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]

varices (bleeding): Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

varicocele: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Scrotal


varicocelectomy: Male Reproductive Hormones [Endocrinology]

variola virus: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

varus knee deformity: Knee [Musculoskeletal]

vas (ductus) deferens: Genital Embryology [Reproductive]

vasa previa: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

vasa vasorum: Aortic Dissection [Cardiology]; Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]; Wound Healing and Scars

[Pathology] vascular lesions: Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]

vascular permeability: Inflammation [Pathology]

vascular resistance: Physiology I [Renal]; Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

vascular smooth muscle: Autonomic Nervous System [Neurology]; Smooth Muscle [Musculoskeletal]

vascular wall calcification: Electrolytes [Renal]; Pathologic Calcification [Pathology]

vasculitis: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]; Vasculitis [Immunology]

vasculitis syndrome: Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

vas deferens: Renal Embryology [Renal]

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): Gastrointestinal Hormones [Gastroenterology]

299


vasoconstriction




coagulation and: Coagulation [Hematology]



total peripheral resistance and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

vasodilation




inflammation feature: Inflammation [Pathology]


superantigens and: T-cells [Immunology]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]

total peripheral resistance and: Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

vasodilators


chemical stress tests: Stimulants [Psychiatry]


vasogenic (cerebral) edema: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

vasogenic edema: Blood Brain Barrier [Neurology]

vasopressin. See antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

vasopressors: Shock [Cardiology]; Starling Curves [Cardiology]

vasovagal syncope: Cranial Nerves [Neurology]

vastus intermedius muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

vastus lateralis muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

vastus medialis muscle: Lumbosacral Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

Vaughan-Williams antiarrhythmic drug classification: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

VDJ rearrangement: B-Cells [Immunology]

VDRL test, hepatitis diagnosis: Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

vecuronium: Neuromuscular Blockers [Neurology]

VEGF inhibitors: Other Cancer Drugs [Hematology]

vein of Galen enlargement: Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

velamentous umbilical cord: Placental Complications [Reproductive]

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory: Spirochetes [Infectious Disease]

venlafaxine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

venous return (VR): Cardiac Physiology [Cardiology]

venous return curve: Starling Curves [Cardiology]

venous thromboembolism: Ovarian Epithelial Tumors [Reproductive]

ventilation: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]; Pregnancy [Reproductive]; Pulmonary Physiology

[Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio: Hypoxia [Pulmonary]; Ventilation & Perfusion [Pulmonary]

ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): Pneumonia [Pulmonary]; Quality and Safety [Behavioral Science]

ventral hernias: Hernias [Gastroenterology]

ventral pontine syndrome: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

ventricles (brain): Ventricles and Sinuses [Neurology]

hemorrhages of: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

schizophrenia and enlargement of: Psychotic disorders [Psychiatry]


ventricles, of heart: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]; Cardiac Anatomy [Cardiology]; Cardiac Tumors

[Cardiology] ventricular aneurysm: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

300


ventricular fibrillation: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]

ventricular hypertrophy: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]; Heart Sounds [Cardiology]

ventricular pseudoaneurysm: Cardiac Ischemia [Cardiology]

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

congenital anomaly: Shunts [Cardiology]


Eisenmenger’s syndrome and: Shunts [Cardiology]


fetal alcohol syndrome and: Shunts [Cardiology]

infundibulum and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

maternal diabetes and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Teratogens II [Reproductive]



truncus arteriosus and: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]

ventricular septum: Cardiac Embryology [Cardiology]

ventricular tachycardia

amiodarone for: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

antiarrhythmic drugs for: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]


EKG reading: AV and Bundle Branch Blocks [Cardiology]; High Yield EKGs [Cardiology]




venules: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

verapamil

action of: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]; Antihypertensives [Cardiology]


for atrial fibrillation: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter [Cardiology]


cardiac effects: Cardiac Action Potentials [Cardiology]; Cardiac Muscle [Musculoskeletal]; Cardiac

Physiology [Cardiology]

drug interactions: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

vermiform appendix: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

verrucae (warts): Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

verrucous lesions: Fungal Pneumonias [Infectious Disease]

vertebrae

intervertebral discs: Lumbar Radiculopathy [Musculoskeletal]

osteomyelitis of: Staphylococci [Infectious Disease]

vertebral artery: Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]; Vertebrobasilar Strokes [Neurology]

vertebral compression fractures: Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]

vertebrobasilar stroke syndromes: Vertebrobasilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

vertical nystagmus: Vestibular System [Neurology]

vertigo: Vestibular System [Neurology]





vesicles: Cell Structure [Cell Biology]; Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]; Skin [Dermatology]

vesicourachal diverticulum: Placenta [Reproductive]

vesicoureteral reflux: Renal Embryology [Renal]

vessels

compliance and resistance of: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

flow properties of: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

301


types of: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

vestibular nerve: Vestibular System [Neurology]

vestibular neuronitis: Vestibular System [Neurology]

vestibular nuclei: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]; Vestibular System

[Neurology] vestibular system: Vestibular System [Neurology]

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Brainstem [Neurology]; Cranial Nerves

[Neurology]; Vestibular System [Neurology]

vibration perception: Diabetes [Endocrinology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Spinal Cord [Neurology];

Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

Vibrio cholerae: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Virulence [Infectious Disease]; Wound Healing

and Scars [Pathology]

Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Vibrio spp.: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and Stains [Infectious Disease]

Vibrio vulnificus: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

vilazodone: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

villi: Gastrointestinal Tract [Gastroenterology]

villous adenomas: Colon Cancer [Gastroenterology]

vimentin: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

vinblastine: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Microtubule Inhibitors

[Hematology] vinca alkaloids: Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

vincristine: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]; Microtubule Inhibitors [Hematology]

vinyl chloride exposure: Liver Tumors [Gastroenterology]; Vascular Lesions [Dermatology]


viral cultures: Herpes Virus [Infectious Disease]

viral gastroenteritis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]; RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

viral hepatitis: Cirrhosis [Gastroenterology]; Liver Disease [Gastroenterology]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious

Disease] viral infections




of eye: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]



Reye’s syndrome risk factor: Vasculitis [Immunology]

viral load: HIV [Infectious Disease]

viral meningitis: Meningitis [Neurology]

Virchow’s node: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

Virchow’s triad: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

viridans group strep: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Streptococci [Infectious Disease]

viridans streptococci: Bacterial Identification [Infectious Disease]; Endocarditis [Cardiology]

virilization: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

virulent phages: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

viruses. See also specific viruses


adaptive immunity and: T-cells [Immunology]

antiviral drugs: Antiviral Drugs [Infectious Disease]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]. See also specific drugs

bacterial DNA methylation and: DNA structure [Biochemistry]

bacterial transduction and: Growth and Genetics [Infectious Disease]

CD8 T-cells and: T-cells [Immunology]


302





structure: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

types of: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Herpes Viruses [Infectious Disease]; HIV [Infectious Disease];

RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Viral Hepatitis [Infectious Disease]

vaccines for: Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

visceral larva migrans: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

visceral leishmaniasis: Protozoa [Infectious Disease]

viscosity: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

vision: The Lens [Neurology]; The Pupil [Neurology]; The Retina [Neurology]


glaucoma and: Glaucoma [Neurology]

vision loss and blindness

causes: Helminths [Infectious Disease]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]




retinal disorders: The Retina [Neurology]

teratogen exposure: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

transient: Visual Fields [Neurology]


visual agnosia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]; Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

visual cortex: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

visual field defects: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

visual fields: Visual Fields [Neurology]

visual hallucinations: Alcohol and CNS Depressants [Psychiatry]; Mood Disorders [Psychiatry]; Psychosis

[Psychiatry] visual symptoms and disorders. See also cataracts

browning of vision: Antipsychotics [Psychiatry]

cerebral cortex and: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

with hyperviscosity syndrome: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

PCA stroke and: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]


vital capacity: Pulmonary Physiology [Pulmonary]

vitamin A


contraindications: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

deficiency: Cell Adaptions [Pathology]; Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]; Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry];

Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

excess: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

functions of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

measles treatment: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]

sources of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

vitamin B1. See thiamine

vitamin B2: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

vitamin B3. See niacin

vitamin B5: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

vitamin B6

amino acid breakdown and: Ammonia [Biochemistry]

deficiency: Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]; Microcytic Anemias [Hematology]

dopamine synthesis: Phenylalanine and Tyrosine [Biochemistry]

GABA synthesis and: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]

303


glycogen breakdown: Glycogen [Biochemistry]

histidine metabolism: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

homocysteine metabolism and: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

niacin synthesis: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

tryptophan metabolism: Other Amino Acids [Biochemistry]

vitamin B7. See biotin

vitamin B12: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; B Vitamins [Biochemistry]

vitamin B12 deficiency


methylmalonic acid: Fatty Acids [Biochemistry]


tropical sprue association: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

vitamin C


deficiency: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology [Gastroenterology]

excess of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]


hemochromatosis precaution: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]


for methemoglobinemia: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

therapeutic use of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]



vitamin D

activation of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

cystic fibrosis treatment: Cystic Fibrosis [Pulmonary]

deficiency: Bone Disorders [Musculoskeletal]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

effects: Parathyroid Glands [Endocrinology]

function of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]




vitamin E: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

abetalipoproteinemia and: Lipid Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Alzheimer’s disease treatment: Delirium and Dementia [Neurology]


deficiency of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

excess of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]


vitamin K: Hemolysis Basics [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

anticoagulant drug reversal with: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

clotting factors and: Coagulation [Hematology]


deficiency of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

function of: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

neonatal hemorrhage prevention: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

warfarin and: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

vitamin K deficiency: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

cephalosporin adverse reactions and: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

coagulation cascade affected by: Coagulation [Hematology]

vitamin K dependent factors: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]

vitelline duct anomalies: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]

vitiligo: Pigment Disorders [Dermatology]

304


vitreous humor inflammation: Structural Eye Disorders [Neurology]

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)



omega-3 fatty acids for: Lipid Drugs [Biochemistry]

volatile acids: Acid Excretion [Renal]

voltage-gated calcium channel: Neuromuscular Disorders [Musculoskeletal]

volume loss: Physiology I [Renal]

hypernatremia causes: Sodium Disorders [Renal]


lithium risk factor: Lithium [Psychiatry]

water and sodium balance: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]

volume of distribution (Vd): Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

volume status SIADH: Sodium Disorders [Renal]

voluntary behavior: Conditioning and Transference [Psychiatry]

volvulus: Gastrointestinal Embryology [Gastroenterology]; Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

vomiting. See nausea/vomiting

von Gierke’s disease: Glycogen [Biochemistry]; Gout [Musculoskeletal]; Inborn Errors of Metabolism

[Biochemistry] von Hippel-Lindau disease: Brain Tumors [Neurology]; Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Vascular

Lesions [Dermatology]

von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis I): Neurocutaneous Disorders [Dermatology]

von Willebrand disease: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

von Willebrand factor: Coagulation [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

deficiency of: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

desmopressin and: Coagulopathies [Hematology]

platelet disorders and: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]


voriconazole


aspergillosis treatment: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]


vortioxetine: Antidepressants [Psychiatry]

vulnerable child syndrome: Child Abuse and Neglect [Psychiatry]

vulva cancer: Antitumor Antibiotics [Hematology]

vulvovaginal candidiasis: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

vulvovaginitis: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

W WAGR syndrome: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]

waiter’s tip injury: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

waivers, informed consent guidelines: Informed Consent [Behavioral Science]

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: Amyloidosis [Hematology]

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma ): Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

Waldeyer’s ring: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]

walking pneumonia: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]

Wallenberg’s syndrome: Brainstem [Neurology]; Vertebral Basilar Stroke Syndromes [Neurology]

Wallerian degeneration: Nerve Damage [Neurology]

wall tension: Blood Flow Mechanics [Cardiology]

Warburg effect: Neoplasia [Pathology]

warfarin: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]


cephalosporin adverse reactions and: ß-Lactam Antibiotics [Infectious Disease]

305


DVT treatment: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

heparin and: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]


microglides’ interactions with: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]

pregnancy class D: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

pulmonary embolism treatment: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]



therapeutic index of: Dose Response [Basic Pharmacology]

vitamin K and: Coagulation [Hematology]; Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

volume of distribution (Vd) for: Pharmacokinetics [Basic Pharmacology]

warfarin embryopathy: Teratogens I [Reproductive]

warfarin skin necrosis: Anticoagulant Drugs [Hematology]; Hypercoagulable States [Hematology]

warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia: External Hemolysis [Hematology]

Warthin’s tumor (papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum): Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

warts

papillomavirus and: DNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


of penis: Penile Disorders [Reproductive]

WAS gene: Platelet Disorders [Hematology]

washout period: Bias [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

acute adrenal insufficiency and: Adrenal Disorders [Endocrinology]

meningitis association: Meningitis [Neurology]


watershed area infarct: Cerebral/Lacunar Strokes [Neurology]

watershed areas: Gastrointestinal Blood Supply [Gastroenterology]

water-sodium balance: Sodium and Water Balance [Renal]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

watery diarrhea: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

antibiotic-induced: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]



infectious: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]


legionella symptom: Pneumonia [Pulmonary]


“webbed neck”: Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]

Weber syndrome: Brainstem [Neurology]

Weber test: Auditory System [Neurology]

Wegener's granulomatosis: Vasculitis [Immunology]


Weibel-Palade bodies: Coagulopathies [Hematology]; Platelet Activation [Hematology]

weight gain

insulin side effect: Insulin [Endocrinology]

sulfonylureas side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

thiazolidinediones side effect: Treatment of Diabetes [Endocrinology]

weight loss




malabsorption symptom: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]


sleep apnea treatment: Sleep Apnea [Pulmonary]

306




Wells score: Pulmonary Embolism [Pulmonary]

Wenckebach AV block: Antiarrhythmic Drugs [Cardiology]

Werdnig-Hoffman disease: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: B Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic [Neurology]

glucose and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

pathology: Cognitive Disorders [Psychiatry]

thiamine deficiency and: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase [Biochemistry]

transketolase and: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

Wernicke’s aphasia: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

Wernicke’s speech area: Cerebral Cortex [Neurology]

Western blot: Blotting [Cell Biology]

HIV diagnosis: HIV [Infectious Disease]

muscular dystrophy diagnosis: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

West Nile virus: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]


wet gangrene: Necrosis [Pathology]

wet macular degeneration: The Retina [Neurology]

Wharton jelly: Placenta [Reproductive]

Wharton’s duct: Salivary Glands [Gastroenterology]

wheal: Skin [Dermatology]

wheat sensitivity: Malabsorption [Gastroenterology]

wheezes: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

wheezing (asthma)




whiplash injuries: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]

Whipple procedure: Chronic Pancreatitis & Pancreatic Cancer [Gastroenterology]; Malabsorption

[Gastroenterology] whispered pectoriloquy: Lung Physical Exam [Pulmonary]

white blood cells

disorders: Acute Leukemia [Hematology]; Amyloidosis [Hematology]; Chronic Leukemia [Hematology];

Hodgkin Lymphoma [Hematology]; Myeloproliferative Disorders [Hematology]; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

[Hematology]; Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]. See also specific disorders

gout diagnosis: Gout [Musculoskeletal]

osteoarthritis and: Osteoarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

whiteheads: Skin Disorders I [Dermatology]

white infarcts: Atherosclerosis [Pathology]

white matter, tumors of: Brain Tumors [Neurology]

white pulp, of spleen: Lymph Nodes & Spleen [Immunology]

whole sialometry: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

whooping cough: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Wickham striae: Skin Disorders II [Dermatology]

wide-based gait: Cerebellum [Neurology]

Wiggers diagram: Venous Pressure Tracings [Cardiology]; Wiggers Diagram [Cardiology]

wild type gene/allele: Genetic Principles [Genetics]; Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

Williams syndrome: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Deletion Syndromes [Genetics]; Valve Disease

[Cardiology] Wilms’ tumor: Renal and Bladder Malignancies [Renal]; Renal Embryology [Renal]

Wilson’s disease: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]; Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders

[Neurology]; Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

307






pathophysiology: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]

treatment: Wilson’s Disease and Hemochromatosis [Gastroenterology]


wing-beating tremor: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Movement Disorders [Neurology]

Winter’s formula: Acid Base Problems [Renal]; Acid-Base Principles [Renal]; Metabolic Acidosis [Renal]

wire looping (capillaries): Nephritic Syndrome [Renal]

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]; Platelet Disorders [Hematology];

Transplants [Immunology]

wnt genes: Embryonic Genes [Reproductive]

wobble (DNA mutation): DNA Mutations [Cell Biology]

Wolff-Chaikoff effect: Thyroid Disorders [Endocrinology]; Thyroid Gland [Endocrinology]

Wolffian duct: Renal Embryology [Renal]

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease [Cardiology]; Wolff-Parkinson White

[Cardiology] woolsorters’ disease: Other Gram Positives [Infectious Disease]

word salad: Psychosis [Psychiatry]

worms. See helminths

wound healing: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]; Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

woven bone: Bone [Musculoskeletal]; Bone Tumors [Musculoskeletal]

Wright stain: Malaria [Infectious Disease]

wrinkles (aging): Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

wrist: Brachial Plexus [Musculoskeletal]; Osteoporosis [Musculoskeletal]; Wrist [Musculoskeletal]

wrist sign: Connective Tissue [Cell Biology]

Wuchereria bancrofti: Helminths [Infectious Disease]

X xanthine oxidase: Antimetabolites [Hematology]; Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Gout Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

xanthochromia

subarachnoid hemorrhage and: Cerebral Aneurysms [Neurology]

subarachnoid hemorrhage feature: Intracranial Bleeding [Neurology]

xanthomas



xenograft: Transplants [Immunology]

xeroderma pigmentosum: DNA Repair [Cell Biology]

xerophthalmia



xerosis: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

xerostomia: Sjögren’s syndrome [Immunology]

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

X-linked disorders

dominant and recessive: Ammonia [Biochemistry]; Pedigrees [Genetics]

G6PD deficiency: HMP Shunt [Biochemistry]

Hardy-Weinberg law and: Hardy-Weinberg Law [Genetics]

muscular dystrophies: Muscular Dystrophy [Genetics]

trinucleotide repeat disorders: Trinucleotide Repeat Disorders [Genetics]

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): Immune Deficiency Syndromes [Immunology]

308


X-ray findings

bowel obstruction: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

chest: Chest X-rays [Pulmonary]


of gallstone ileus: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

lytic lesions: Plasma Cell Disorders [Hematology]

necrotizing enterocolitis: Intestinal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

for perforated ulcers: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]

pigment stones visible on: Gallstones [Gastroenterology]

during pregnancy: Teratogens II [Reproductive]

ulcerative colitis: Inflammatory Bowel Disease [Gastroenterology]

XX disorder of sexual development: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

XY disorder of sexual development: Disorders of Sexual Development [Reproductive]

Y yawning: Opioids [Psychiatry]

yeast infections

opportunistic: Opportunistic Fungal Infections [Infectious Disease]

skin: Fungal Skin Infections [Infectious Disease]

yellow fever: RNA Viruses [Infectious Disease]; Virus Structure [Infectious Disease]

Yersinia enterocolitica: Gram Negative Rods [Infectious Disease]; Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]

Yersinia pestis: Special Growth Requirements [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Yersinia spp.: Other Gram Negatives [Infectious Disease]; Seronegative Spondyloarthritis [Musculoskeletal]

yolk sac: Placenta [Reproductive]

yolk sac tumors: Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors [Reproductive]; Testicular Tumors [Reproductive]

Z zafirlukast: Obstructive Lung Disease [Pulmonary]

zaleplon: Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

zanamivir: Antivirals [Infectious Disease]

Z-disks: Cytoskeleton [Cell Biology]

Zenker’s diverticulum: Esophageal Disorders [Gastroenterology]

zero order elimination: Drug Elimination [Basic Pharmacology]

zidovudine: Folate and Vitamin B12 [Biochemistry]; HIV Drugs [Infectious Disease]; Other Anemias

[Hematology]; Pyrimidine Metabolism [Biochemistry]

Ziehl-Neelsen stain: Bacterial Culture [Infectious Disease]; Mycobacteria [Infectious Disease]; Shapes and

Stains [Infectious Disease]

zileuton: Treatment of COPD & Asthma [Pulmonary]

zinc: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

zinc copper superoxide dismutase deficiency: Spinal Cord Syndromes [Neurology]

zinc deficiency: Wound Healing and Scars [Pathology]

zinc fingers: Other Vitamins [Biochemistry]

zoledronate: Osteoporosis Drugs [Musculoskeletal]

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Gastric Disorders [Gastroenterology]; Gastrointestinal Hormones

[Gastroenterology]; MEN Syndromes [Endocrinology]

zolpidem: Neurotransmitters [Neurology]; Sleep Disorders [Psychiatry]

zonules: The Lens [Neurology]

zoonotic infections: Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [Infectious Disease]; Zoonotic Bacteria [Infectious Disease]

Z-score: Basic Statistics [Biostatistics/Epidemiology]

zygomatic bone: Pharyngeal Arches [Reproductive]

zygote: Embryogenesis [Reproductive]

zymogens: Coagulation [Hematology]

boards and beyond: topic index topic: video [section]€¦ · 5 boards and beyond: topic index...

Documents