bo4 304 otty - rehab summit...improved holst,language skills (sabado& fuller2008)...

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To comply with professional boards/associations standards: • I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship. •Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation. •Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity. Session 304: Adolescents & High Functioning ASD: Solutions to Influence Motor Coordination Robyn Otty, OtD, OTR/L, MEd, BCPR Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com Abstract Session 304: Adolescents & High Functioning ASD: Solutions to Influence Motor Coordination Adolescents diagnosed with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder present unique challenges as they physiologically change and develop. The distinct developmental process, coupled with neurological brain development, require therapy approaches to capitalize on their underlying neurological strengths to influence motor performance. Several strategies will be covered to augment motorlearningbased activities including assistive technology and cognitive approaches.

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Page 1: BO4 304 Otty - Rehab Summit...Improved Holst,language skills (Sabado& Fuller2008) TherapeuticListening/Auditory Stimulation Improved behavioral responses (Gee,Thompson, Pierce,Toupin

To comply with professional boards/associations standards:• I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship.•Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation.•Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity.

Session 304: Adolescents & High Functioning ASD: Solutions to Influence Motor Coordination 

Robyn Otty, OtD, OTR/L, MEd, BCPR

Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com

Abstract 

Session 304: Adolescents & High Functioning ASD: Solutions to Influence Motor Coordination  

Adolescents diagnosed with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder present unique challenges as they physiologically change and develop.  The distinct developmental process, coupled with neurological brain development, require therapy approaches to capitalize on their underlying neurological strengths to influence motor performance. Several strategies will be covered to augment motor‐learning‐based activities including assistive technology and cognitive approaches.

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Objectives

Learning Objectives

1) Indicate current theories that guide motor development & dexterity skills.

2) Identify strategies that can enhance motor coordination & encourage adolescent engagement.

3) Apply various approaches to develop motor skill mastery & further enhance higher‐level ADL performance. 

Overview of Session

Dx: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Associated motor features

Approaches to influence motor performance

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Prevalence: 

1 in 68  

4.5 times more common in boys than girls(Christensen, et al., 2016)

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Characteristics

Communication Problems

Socialization Difficulties

Repetitive Behaviors

(American Psychiatric Association, n.d.)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Diagnostic Statistical Manual (5thedition, pp. 50‐51)

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple texts.

B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Hyper or Hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual aspects of the environment

C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (can be masked or fully manifested later in life).

D. Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. 

With or Without Language Impairment

With or Without Intellectual Impairment

8

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)*Diagnostic Statistical Manual (5thedition, pp. 52)

Level 3: Requiring very substantial support

Behaviors: Inflexibility, extreme difficulty coping with change, restricted/repetitive behaviors that markedly interfere with functioning in all spheres. Great distress/difficulty focus or action.

Level 2:  Requiring substantial support

Behaviors: Inflexibility, Marked difficulty coping with change, restricted/repetitive behaviors that markedly interfere with functioning appear frequent enough to be obvious and interfere with functioning. Great Distress/difficulty focus or action.

Level 1: Requiring support Behaviors: Inflexibility of behavior causes significant interference with functioning in one or more contexts. Difficulty switching between activities. Problems of organization and planning hamper independence.

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Problem

Less likely to participate in physically active leisure activities. 

42.2% overweight or obese

Higher body mass index (BMI)  ‐ reduced participation

(Lawson & Foster , 2016)

Motor Related

Reduced core stability

(Whyatt & Craig, 2012)

Greater severity of repetitive behaviors will stand with less symmetry and reduced postural stability.

(Travers, Powell, Klinger, L., & Klinger, M., 2013)

Motor Related

(Pan, 2012)

ASD vs Non‐ASD

Highly Significant Differences:

Running Speed and Agility

Strength

Fine Motor Control 

Manual Coordination

Body Coordination

Measures:

Bruinicks OseretskyTest of Motor Proficciency

Physical Fitness:

20‐m PACER 

Isometric Push‐up

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Motor Related

(Abu‐Dahab, Skidmore, Holm, Rogers, & Minshew, 2013)

HfASD vs Non‐ASD

Significant Differences

Fine Motor Coordination

Grip Strength (increase with age)

Motor Speed (increase with age)

Measures:

Grooved Pegboard

Dynamometer

Finger Tapping Test

Strengths‐Based Approach

Strengths‐Based Approach

Positive traits that benefit oneself and others.

The Science of Character

Aware‐Explore‐Apply

1) Build general awareness of character strengths

2) Connect strengths with previous experiences

3) Alignment with personal goals 

(Niemiec, Shogren, & Wehmeyer, 2017)

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Strengths

Visual Processing 

(Clawson, Clayson, South, Bigler, & Larson, 2015)

Implicit Learning

(Izadi‐Najafabadi, Mirzakhani‐Araghi, Miri‐Lavasani, Nejati, & Pashazadeh‐Azari, 2015)

Ability to Imitate‐ Learn by Observation

(Foti, et al., 2014)

StrengthsVerbal Reasoning

(Reinvall, Voutilainen, Kujala, & Korkman, 2013)

Strengths‐Based: The Basics

1) Identify the Passion and Use it

2) Indicate the Learning Strengths

3) Make it Real

(Modified from Biano, Carothers, & Smiley, 2009)

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Application Activity

Divide into _____ groups

Discuss the environment and how to capitalize on the  client’s strengths.

EnvironmentActivity

Creative Commons Roger Mommaerts

Outpatient Environment

Environment Activity

School Environment

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Environment Activity

Retrieved from anha.org

Inpatient Environment

Environment Activity

Traditional Work Environment

EnvironmentActivity

Environments ‐ Leisure

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Strengths‐Based

Sibling Relationships and Involvement in the Rehabilitation Process

(Diener, Anderson, Wright, & Dunn, 2015)

Strengths‐Based Assessment Options

VIA Inventory of Strengths (Youth Version)   viacharacter.org

Pediatric Activity Card Sort (PACS)

School Function Assessment (SFA)

Strengths‐Based: Activity

Think about your client with ASD:

List his/her strengths 

Apply his/her strengths to your program

Use of implicit strategies to learning

Incorporate others to generalize

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Motor Control Theory

Motor ControlTheoryAssumptions(Mathiowetz, 2016)

Motor development changes over time based on multiple factors.

SYSTEMS MODEL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR

Role Performance

Occupational Performance Task

PERSON FACTORS

ENVIRONMENT

Motor ControlEvaluative Process

1) Evaluate role performance

2) Assessment of occupational performance tasks

3) Task selection and analysis

Determine PERSON or ENVIRONMENT is constraining performance

4) Perform assessments CRITICAL Control Parameters

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Task‐Oriented Approach

Perform the task within the context of performance

Allow clients to determine the most efficient method of performance.

Repeated practice

Motor Learning

Acquisition of movement similar to typical children.

(Gidley, Bastian, Donchin, Shadmehr & Mostofsky, 2008)

Motor Learning Theory

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Motor Learning Principles

3 Key Motor Learning Principles

1) Random and variable practice‐natural context

2) Decrease amounts of physical guidance

3) Encourage task analysis and problem solving

(Mathiowetz, 2016)

Motor Learning

Table Tennis

8 weeks

Executive Function and Motor Coordination 

(Pan, Chu, Tsai, Sung, Huang, & Ma, 2017)

Cognitive Theory

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Cognitive Theories

Theory of Mind

Education

Assumption: Profound difficulty understanding the minds of others – emotions, feelings, and thoughts.

Approach: Education

Cognitive ‐ Behavioral

Psychology

Assumption: Unconscious meaning behind behaviors

Approach: Problem and Action Oriented

Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) (Polotajko & Mandich, 2004)

Combines Learning Theory, Cognitive, Motor and Cognitive Behavior Theories

Considers THREE key factors:

Client‐Centered

Performance Based

Problem Solving

Encourages:

Child’s success

Practice in context

Retrieved from www.scienceandenvironment.com

38

CO‐OP

Application of CO‐OP:GOAL: Identify occupation (meaningful activity)

Perform the activity‐ Determine if the child has a general idea how to complete the activity

PLAN: Develop strategy 

DO:  Trial the PLAN

CHECK: Confer with child for performance satisfaction

If performance is not successful, repeat PLAN and DO until CHECK is achieved

39

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CO‐OP Practice ‐Prep

The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy 

dog

CO‐OP

Application of CO‐OP:GOAL: Identify occupation (meaningful activity)

Perform the activity‐ Determine if the child has a general idea how to complete the activity

PLAN: Develop strategy 

DO:  Trial the PLAN

CHECK: Confer with child for performance satisfaction

If performance is not successful, repeat PLAN and DO until CHECK is achieved

41

CO‐OP Practice Activity

42

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Research to Support CO‐OP

Promote self‐regulatory and metacognitive skill for motor skill acquisition with children with DCD

Results:  Improved task performance link with self‐regulatory performance

(Sangster Jokic, Polatajko, & Whitebread, 2013)

43

Promoting Strategy Use 

Benefits for Physical Activity

Reduced stereotypical and self‐injurious behaviors

Ability to self‐regulate own behaviors

(Sorenson & Zarrett, 2014)

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Assistive Technology

Assistive Technology

Access:

6 individuals with ASD, 6‐20 yrs. of age

Results:Academic applications accessed 51% of the timeAugmentative communication applications accessed 36% of the timeGame applications accessed 13% of the time

(King, Thomeczek, Voreis, & Scott, 2014)

Assistive Technology

Feedback loop

1) Self‐determine errors

2) Encourage problem solving to improve performance

3) Repeat and practice 

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Assistive TechnologyActivity

Hand Coordination Game/Activity

Technology Related Solutions

Interactive Metronome©

Improved hand function

(Shank & Harron, 2015)

Improved language skills

(Sabado & Fuller 2008)

Therapeutic Listening/Auditory Stimulation

Improved behavioral responses

(Gee, Thompson, Pierce, Toupin & Holst, 2015)

Reduced self‐stimulatory and sensitivity to sound 

(Gee, Thompson, & St John, 2014).

Think OUTSIDE the 

Retrieved from x4mr.blogspot.com

Retrieved from shannonmillerlifestyle.com

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Think OUTSIDE the 

Parks and RecreationAfter‐School ProgramsYouth Specific Gym ProgramsCommunity Events & Activities

Available Resources:

Pediatric Activity Card Sort

School Function Assessment

AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Canadian Occupational Profile Measure

Contact Information

Robyn Otty

Associate Professor

School of Occupational Therapy

(702) 777‐3095

[email protected]

Linkedin.com/in/robynotty

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References

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MacDonald, R.P., Dickson, C.A., Martineau, M., & Ahearn, W.H. (2015). Prerequisite skills that support learning through video modeling. Education and Treatment of Children, 38, 33‐38. 

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