bmw report
TRANSCRIPT
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that training report titled “BMW WORKSHOP” being
submitted by BHAGIRATH KUMAAWAT of B.tech. 3rd year, Roll
No. 11EJIME709 in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering, JIET, Jodhpur
(RTU, Kota) is a record of student’s own work carried out by him
under guidance of the undersigned.
He has not submitted the matter embodied in the seminar in this form
for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Signature of HOD Signature of Guide
(Prof. M.R. Baid) (Prof. Manoj Kumar)
Internal Examiner____________
External Examiner____________
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BMW
A Training Report
Submitted by
BHAGIRATH KUMAWAT
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERIN
At
JIET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NH-65, NEW PALI ROAD, MOGRA
JODHPUR
2014-15
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Among the countless people to whom I am grateful for accompanying me during these report,
a first heartfelt thank goes to my guide Prof. Sandeep Gupta who followed and directed me about
my training report.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Head of Department Prof. M.R.Baid
for his valuable guidance, advice and constant aspiration to my work.
Lastly I would like to express my sincere gratefulness to dear God, my Parents and my dear
friends and all those people who have helped me directly and indirectly for the completion of this
work.
Date:
Place: (Bhagirath kumawat)
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ABSTRACT
Engineering students gain theoretical knowledge only by the books. Only theoretical knowledge is not
sufficient for absolute mastery in any field. Theoretical knowledge in our books is not so much use
without knowing its practical implementation. It has been experienced that theoretical knowledge is
volatile in nature; however practical knowledge imparts solid foundation in our mind. During the
training period the trainee is exposed to the work of the company. During the training the trainee gets
an opportunity to relate the theoretical knowledge with practical operation. He is first given a brief
overview of the entire setup and then detailed description of individual units follows. The first car
which BMW successfully produced and the car which launched BMW on the road to automobile
production was the Dixi. Munich Plant employs a workforce of around 9,000 people from more than
50 countries around the world, including around 700 apprentices.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………….…….. 1
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………2
TABLE OF CONTENTS……..…………………………………………………..…………… 3-5
TABLE OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………5
CHAPTER -1……………….…...……….…………………………………………………….…..6
1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………...6
1.1BMW HEADQUARTER ……………………………………………………………………...6
1.2Concept and construction………….……………………………………………………...……8
1.3VISION & MISSION STATEMENT.……..…..……………………………………….……..…...8
1.4BMW PLANT …………….…...……........…………..……………………………………………9
1.5BMW MUNICH PLANT …........................…………………………..…………….……………10
2. HISTORY…………………………….…….………..……………………..……….…………….11
2.1HISTORY OF MOTARCYCLES………………………………………..…...…….……………12
2.1.1BMW R1200RT……...………………………………………………….……………...………13
2.1.2BMW S1000RR…….…………………….……......…………………………………..……….14
2.2TYPE OF MODELS…………..…………...……………………………………………..………15
2.2.1BMW 5-Series (F10)…………………………………………………………………..………..15
2.2.2BMW Z4 (E89)…………………………………………………………………………………16
2.2.3BMW X3 (F25)………………………………………………………………..……………….17
2.3M MODALS………………………………………………………………..…………………….18
2.4BMW SPORTS CAR………………………………………………….………………………….19
2.5TOURING CARS………………………………………………...……………………………….20
3. GASOLINE PETROL ENGINES……………………………………………….………………..21
3.1DIESEL PISTON ENGINE………………………………………………………………………25
CHAPTER-2………………………………….……………………………………………...………28
2BMW Incorporates thermal imaging cameras……………………………………………...……….28
2.1 Making night time driving safer…………………………………………………………………28
2.1.1BMW Night Vision…………………………………………………………………………….29
2.1.2Night Vision: two different technologies……………………………………………………….30
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2.1.3APPLICATION STORY ON THERMAL IMAGING……..…………………..…………...….30
2.6 Air bags……………………………………………………………………………………...…...34
2.7 Diesel injection equipment………….……………….…………………………………...………34
SPECIFICATINO……………………..…………………………………………………………….35
2.2 Engine….………………………………………………………………………………………...35
2.2.1 Cooling system ……………………………………………………………………...…………36
2.2.2Fuel system…………...…………………………………………………………………………36
2.2.3 Air filter element…………………...…………………………………………………………..38
2.2.4 Ignition system……………………………………………………….……………………..39
2.2.5 Brakes ………………………………………………………………………………………….39
2.2.6 Wiper blades………….………………………………………………………………………..39
2.2.7 Servicing Specifications……...………………………………………………………………..40
2.2.8Torque wrench settings…………………………………………………………………………41
2.2.9 Lubricants and fluids ..………………………………………………………………………....41
2.2.10 Engine oil...……………….………………………………………………………………..…42
2.2.11 Cooling system ..………………………………………………………………………………42
2.2.12 Fuel tank……..………………………………………………………………………………..42
2.2.13 Maintenance and servicing transmission……………………………………………………..43
CHAPTER-3…………….………………………………………………………………………..….46
3. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………...…………46
3.1 ENGINE OIL AND FITER CHANGE ………………….……………………………..………..54
3.1.1Under bonnet hose check and renewal………………………………………...………..………56
3.1.2Battery check, maintenance and charging….….………………………………………..………56
3.2 M10 and M30 (timing chain) engines……….………………………………………………...…57
3.3 Oil pump ………………..……………………………………………………………………58
3.4 Inspection ………..…………………………………………………………………………..59
3.5 Engine Refitting ..……………………………………………………………………………59
3.6 Engine mountings ………………………………..………………………………………….59
3.7 Crankshaft rear oil seal ………………………………………………………………………60
3.8Flywheel …………………………..………………………………………………………….60
CHAPTER-4……………………………………………………………………………………..62
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4.1 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………63
4.2 REFERANCE ………………………………………….……………………………………64
TABLE OF FIGURES
fig2. 1 BMW Headquarter.………..…………….……..….…………………………………………..6
fig2. 2 BMW R1200RT....……………..……….….………………………………………………...12
fig2. 3 BMW 5-series….………………..……….……….………………………………………….13
fig2. 4 BMW Z4(E89)…..…………..…….…….…………………………………………………...14
fig2. 5 BMW X3(F25)……………….……..…….………………………………………………….15
fig2.5 BMW M6(F13)………………………………..……………………...……………………….16
fig2.6 under bonnet view………………………..……………...……………………..45
fig2.7 Tightening the camshaft sprocket…………….…….………………………….46
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CHAPTER-1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1BMW HEADQUARTER
Alternative
names
BMW Tower
BMW Hochhaus
Vierzylinder
General
information
Location Petuelring 130
Munich, Germany
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Coordinates 48°10′37″N11°33′36″ECoordinates:
48°10′37″N 11°33′36″E
Construction
started
1968
Completed 1972
Opening 1973
Height
Roof 101 m (331 ft)
Technical details
Floor count 22
Floor area 72,000 m2(780,000 sq ft)
Design and construction
Architect Karl Schwanzer
References
BMW Headquarters (German: BMW-Vierzylinder "BMW four-cylinder"; also BMW
Tower or BMW Hochhaus) is a Munich landmark which has served as world
headquarters for the Bavarian automaker BMW for over 40 years. It was declared a
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protected historic building in 1999. Extensive renovations commenced in 2004 and
were completed in 2006.
BMW HEADQUARTERS:-
1.2Concept and construction
The Tower was built between 1968 and 1972 and was ready in time for 1972 Summer
Olympics. Its inauguration followed on 18 May 1973. The 101-metre (331 ft) building
is located near the Olympic Village and is often cited as one of the most notable
examples of architecture in Munich. The tower's exterior is supposed to mimic the shape
of four cylinders in a car engine, with the museum representing a cylinder head. Both
buildings were designed by the Austrian architect Karl Schwanzer.
The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each
other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade.
Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended on a central
support tower. During the construction, individual floors were assembled on the ground
and then elevated. The tower has a diameter of 52.30 metres (171.6 ft) and it has 22
occupied floors, two of which are basements and 18 serve as office space.
1.3VISION & MISSION STATEMENT:-
Our Vision
The fact that we are in business since 1956 and are family-owned is the cornerstone of
who we are and why we are different from the competition.
"We Treat You Like F.A.M.I.L.Y."
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Family Treatment
Attitude is Key
More than the Customer Expects
Individual Attention with Enthusiasm
Like an Honored Guest
You make the Difference
Mission Statement
We will provide our clients with the best customer treatment experience. We will under-
promise and over-deliver in all we do. We will sell and service our products with the
highest quality and integrity. We recognize that the greatest asset in achieving our
Mission is the individual effort of each employee.
All of our staff will be indoctrinated with our vision. Further, they will be asked to
define, and therefore to understand, what their role in the accomplishment of that
mission is. Their own definition, from a customer's point of view, can then be applied
in their own personal job description on a daily basis.
1.4BMW PLANT:-
Masterly performances in automobile construction.
The BMW Munich Plant is the BMW Group's parent plant. It is situated in the north of
Munich, immediately adjacent to the company's headquarters, the BMW Museum and
BMW Welt. Some 9,000 employees from over 50 nations work here, including
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approximately 1,000 trainees. As part of the company's worldwide production network,
the plant produces around 200,000 automobiles and 300,000 engines per year.
Since 1922 the BMW headquarters has been located on Lerchenauer Stresses, east of
what is now the Olympic complex. The company started out building aircraft engines
before going onto motorcycles and finally automobiles and engines. The BMW Munich
Plant is one of the most state-of-the-art production plants in Europe. The smooth
dovetailing of production, logistics, transport and administration on a total surface area
of around 700,000 square metres is one of the outstanding accomplishments of modern
vehicle construction. The first BMW 3 Series came off the Munich assembly line in
1975. With over 13 million sold since its launch, it is the world's highest-volume and
most successful model in the premium segment. Cutting-edge production technologies
are used to manufacture the current sixth generation of the BMW 3 Series, allowing a
remarkable increase in the quality and efficiency of BMW vehicle construction.
Standardised product and process modules enable a high level of productivity and
variability. With its innovative production processes, new facilities and modern
manufacturing techniques, the Munich plant sets a state-of-the-art benchmark for
sustainable and environmentally compatible production.The BMW plant is closed from
17.12.2012 to 04.01.2013 inclusive. No guided tours will take place in this period.
1.5BMW MUNICH PLANT:-
The BMW Plant Munich is the BMW Group’s home plant. It is located in the north of
Munich, directly next to the BMW Group Headquarters, the BMW Museum and the
BMW Welt.The Plant employs a workforce of around 9,000 people from more than 50
countries around the world, including around 700 apprentices. As a part of the BMW
Group’s worldwide production network, the BMW Munich Plant builds more than 900
cars and up to 1,400 engines a day.
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2. HISTORY
BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the Rapp
Motorenwerke aircraft manufacturing firm in 1917. After the end of World War I in
1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft-engine production by the terms of the
Versailles Armistice Treaty]The company consequently shifted to motorcycle
production in 1923, once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted, followed by
automobiles in 1928–29.The first car which BMW successfully produced and the car
which launched BMW on the road to automobile production was the Dixi , it was based
on the Austin 7 and licensed from the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.
BMW's first significant aircraft engine was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled
engine of 1918, much preferred for its high-altitude performance With German
rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the
Luftwaffe. Among its successful World War II engine designs were the BMW 132 and
BMW 801 air-cooled radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow turbojet,
which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered "emergency fighter", the Heinkel
He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was tested in the A-1b version of the world's
first jet fighter, the Messerschmitt Me 262, but BMW engines failed on takeoff, a major
setback for the Emergency Fighter Program until successful testing with Junkers
enginesTowards the end of the Third Reich BMW developed some military aircraft
projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the
BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built.By the year 1958, the automotive
division of BMW was in financial difficulties and a shareholders meeting was held to
decide whether to go into liquidation or find a way of carrying on. It was decided to
carry on and to try to cash in on the current economy car boom enjoyed so successfully
by some of Germany's ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel.
The rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta were bought; the tiny cars themselves
were to be powered by a modified form of BMW's own motorcycle engine. This was
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moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet. The controlling
majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft since 1959 is the Quandt family,
which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float.
2.1HISTORY OF MOTARCYCLES
BMW Motorrad and History of BMW motorcycles The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW
motor vehicle.BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles
after World War I.[25] Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their
first successful motorcycle, after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in 1923.
This had a "boxer" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each
side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same
pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many
BMWs are still produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series.During the
Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle with a sidecar attached.
Having a unique design copied from the Zündapp KS750, its sidecar wheel was also
motor-driven. Combined with a lockable differential, this made the vehicle very capable
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off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the Jeep.In 1982, came the K Series, shaft drive
but water-cooled and with either three or four.
2.1.1BMW R1200RT
In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became known as
the oil head. In 2002, the oil head engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it
added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc and enhanced
performance to 100 hp (75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the
previous R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oil head engines are available in the
R1100S and R1200S, producing 98 and 122 hp (73 and 91 kW), respectively.
In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for
BMW. It had an engine producing 167 hp (125 kW), derived from the company's work
with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include
electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that
BMW calls Duo lever.
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2.1.2BMW S1000RR
BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s.
The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles
pave the way for the introduction of electronic stability control, or anti-skid technology
later in the 2007 model year.
BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front
suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an Earles fork,
front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear
swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and
wrongly, called swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front
suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever
significantly reduces dive under braking.
BMW Group, on 31 January 2013 announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought
Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the
future. The company is headed by Stephan pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG
is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.
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2.2TYPE OF MODELS
The New Class (German: Neue Klasse) was a line of compact sedans and coupes
starting with the 1962 1500 and continuing through the last 2002s in 1977. Powered by
BMW's celebrated four-cylinder M10 engine, the New Class models had a fully
independent suspension, MacPherson struts in front, and front disc brakes. Initially a
family of four-door sedans and two-door coupes, the New Class line was broadened to
two-door sports sedans with the addition of the 02 Series 1600 and 2002 in 1966.
Sharing little in common with the rest of the line beyond power train, the sporty siblings
caught auto enthusiasts' attention and established BMW as an international brand.
Precursors to the famed BMW 3 Series, the two-doors' success cemented the firm's
future as an upper tier performance car maker. New Class four-doors with numbers
ending in "0" were replaced by the larger BMW 5 Series in 1972. The upscale 2000C
and 2000CS coupes were replaced by the six-cylinder BMW E9, introduced in 1969
with the 2800CS. The 1600 two-door was discontinued in 1975, and the 2002 was
replaced by the 320i in 1975.
Current models
2.2.1BMW 5-Series (F10)
The 1 Series, originally launched in 2004, is BMW's smallest car. Currently available
are the second generation hatchback (F20) and first generation coupe/convertible
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(E82/E88). The 3 Series, a compact executive car manufactured since model year 1975,
is currently in its sixth generation (F30); models include the sport sedan (F30), and
fourth generation station wagon (F30), and convertible (E93), and theGran Turismo. In
2014, the 4 Series will be released and replace the 3 Series Coupe and Convertible. The
5 Series is a mid-size executive car, available in sedan (F10) and station wagon (F11)
forms. The 5 Series Gran Turismo (F07), which debuted in 2010, created a segment
between station wagons and crossover SUV.[26]
2.2.2BMW Z4 (E89)
BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan is the 7 Series. Typically, BMW introduces
many of their innovations first in the 7 Series, such as the iDrive system. The 7 Series
Hydrogen, having one of the world's first hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines,
is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. The latest generation
(F01) debuted in 2009. Based on the 5 Series' platform, the 6 Series is BMW's grand
touring luxury sport coupe/convertible (F12/F13). A 2-seater roadster and coupe which
succeeded the Z3, the Z4 has been sold since 2002.
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2.2.3BMW X3 (F25)
The X3 (F25), BMW's second crossover SUV (called SAV or "Sports Activity Vehicle"
by BMW) debuted in 2010 and replaced the X3 (E83), which was based on the E46 3
Series' platform, and had been in production since 2003. Marketed in Europe as an off-
roader, it benefits from BMW's xDrive all-wheel drive system. The all-wheel drive X5
(E53) was BMW's first crossover SUV (SAV), based on the 5 Series, and is a mid-size
luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. A 4-seat crossover SUV released by
BMW in December 2007, the X6 is marketed as a "Sports Activity Coupe" (SAC) by
BMW. The X1 extends the BMW Sports Activity Series model lineup.
In 2013, the company announced that it was to launch its first fully electric car range.
This would begin with the launch of the BMW i3 in the second quarter of 2014.[27]
• 1 Series (F20) (2004–present) Coupe and convertible
• 2 Series (F22) (2014–present) Coupe and wagon
• 3 Series (E93) (2007–present) convertible
• 4 Series (F32/F33/F36) (2014–present) Coupe and convertible
• 7 Series (F01) (2008–present) Sedan
• 5 Series (F10) (2009–present) Sedan and wagon
• 6 Series (F12) (2010–present) Coupe, convertible, Gran Coupe
• 1 Series (F20) (2011–present) Hatchback
• 1 Series (F21) (2011–present) Hatchback
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• 3 Series (F30) (2012–present) Sedan and wagon
• 4 Series (2014–present) Coupe
• 3 Series Gran Turismo (2013–present) Progressive Activity Sedan
• 5 Series Gran Turismo (2009–present) Progressive Activity Sedan
• BMW i3 (To be launched 2014) Sedan
• X1 (2009–present) Compact Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV)
• X3 (F25) (2010–present) Compact Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle
(SAV)
• X5 (E70) (2006–present) Mid-Size Crossover SUV/Sports Activity Vehicle
(SAV)
• X6 (E71) (2008–present) Sports Activity Coupe
• Z4 (E89) (2009–present) Sports Roadster
2.3M MODALS
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BMW M6 (F13)
BMW produce a number of high-performance derivatives of their cars developed by
their BMW M GmbH (previously BMW Motorsport GmbH) subsidiary.
The current M models are:
• M3 – F80 Sedan, (2013 to present)
• M4 – F82 Coupé, (2013 to present)
• M5 – F10 Saloon (2011 to present)
• M6 - F06/12/13 (2012 to present)
• X5 M – E70 SAV (2010 to present)
• X6 M – E71 SAV (2010 to present)
2.4BMW SPORTS CAR
• Le Mans 24 Hours – BMW won Le Mans in 1999 with the BMW V12 LMR
designed by Williams Grand Prix Engineering. Also the Kokusai Kaihatsu Racing team
won the 1995 edition with a BMW-engine McLaren F1 GTR race car.
• Nürburgring – BMW won the 24 Hours Nürburgring 19 times and the 1000km
Nürburgring twice (1976 and 1981).
• 24 Hours of Daytona – BMW won three times (1976, 2011, 2013)
• Spa 24 Hours – BMW won 21 times
• A BMW works team E36 320d was the first diesel-powered overall winner ever
at the 24 Hours Nürburgring.
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• McLaren F1 GTR – Successful mid-1990s GT racing car with a BMW designed
engine. It won the BPR Global GT Series in 1995 and 1996 and the 24 Hours of Le
Mans in1995.
• American Le Mans Series – BMW has won three (2001, 2010, 2011) GT Team
Championships and GT Automobile Manufacturer titles. Twice (2010, 2011) with
Team RLL in the Crowne Plaza V8 powered M3 GT coupe and once (2001) with the
BMW Motorsport team in the V8 powered M3 GTR.
2.5TOURING CARS
BMW has a long and successful history in touring car racing.
• British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) – BMW won the drivers'
championship in 1988, 1991, 1992 and 1993 and manufacturers' championship in 1991
and 1993.
• The DRM (Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft) was won by Harald Ertl in a
BMW 320i Turbo in 1978
• DTM (Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft) – the following won the DTM
drivers' championship driving BMWs:
• 1987: Eric van der Poole, BMW M3
• 1989: Roberto Regalia, BMW M3
• 2012: Bruno Spengler, BMW M3 DTM
• European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) – Since 1968, BMW won 24
drivers' championships along with several manufacturers' and teams' titles.
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• Japanese Touring Car Championship (JTCC) – BMW (Schnitzer) flew from
Europe to Japan to compete in the JTCC and won the championship in 1995.
• Mille Miglia – BMW won the 1940 Brescia Grand Prix with a 328 Touring
Coupé. Previously in 1938 the 328 sport car won the Mille Miglia 2000 liter class.
• SCCA Pro Racing World Challenge Touring Car Series(WC) – BMW won the
manufacturer's championship in 2001 and Bill Auber Len, driving a Turner Motorsport
BMW 325i, won the 2003 and 2004 Driver's Championships.
• World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) – BMW won four drivers'
championship (1987, 2005, 2006 and 2007) and three manufacturers' titles (2005–
2007).
BMW announced on 15 October 2010 that it will return to touring car racing during the
2012 season. Dr. Klaus Draeger, director of research and development of the BMW
Group, who was in charge of the return to DTM racing (Deutsche Tourenwagen
Masters), commented that "The return of BMW to the DTM is a fundamental part of
the restructuring of our motorsport activities. With its increased commitment to
production car racing, BMW is returning to its roots. The race track is the perfect place
to demonstrate the impressive sporting characteristics of our vehicles against our core
competitors in a high-powered environment. The DTM is the ideal stage on which to
do this.
3. GASOLINE PETROL ENGINES
Straight-three
• 2002–present – 1.5 L B38
Straight-four
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• 1960–1987 – 1.5–2.0 L M10
• 1986–1991 – 2.0–2.5 L S14
• 1987–1995 – 1.6/1.8 L M40
• 1989–1996 – 1.8 L M42
• 1991–2002 – 1.6/1.8/1.9 L M43
• 1996–2001 – 1.9 L M44
• 2001–2004 – 1.6 L N40
• 2001–2004 – 1.8/2.0 L N42
• 2004–2007 – 1.8/2.0 L N46
• 2004–2011 – 1.6/2.0 L N45
• 2007–2011 – 1.6/2.0 L N43
• 2011–current – 2.0 L N20
• 2011–current – 1.6 L N13
• 2012–current – 2.0 L N26
• 2013–present – 2.0 L B48
Straight-six
BMW is famous for its straight six engines, which have powered many of their most
popular models.
• 1933 – 1.2-1.9 L M78
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• 1936 – 2.0-2.1 L M328
• 1939 – 3.5 L M335
• 1952 – 2.0-2.1 L M337
• 1968 – 2.5-3.5 L M30
• 1977 – 2.0-2.7 L M20
• 1978 – 3.5 L M88/S38
• 1980 – 3.2 L M102
• 1982 – 3.4 L M106
• 1989 – 2.0-3.0 L M50
• 1994 – 2.0-2.8 L M52
• 1995 – 3.0/3.2 L S50
• 1996 – 3.2 L S52
• 2000 – 2.2-3.0 L M54
• 2002 – 2.5 L M56
• 2002 – 3.2 L S54
• 2005 – 2.5-3.0 L N52
• 2006 – 3.0 L N54
• 2007 – 2.5-3.0 L N53
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• 2009 – 3.0 L N55
• 2014 – 3.0 L S55
V8
• 1951 - 2.6-3.2 L "BMW OHV V8"
• 1992 - 3.0-4.0 L M60
• 1996 - 3.5-4.4 L M62
• 1998 - 4.9-5.0 L S62
• 2000 - 4.0 L P60B40
• 2001 - 3.6-4.6 L N62
• 2004 - 4.8 L N62
• 2007 - 4.0 L S65
• 2008 - 4.4 L BMW N63
• 2009 - 4.4 L BMW S63
V10
• 2005 - 5.0 L S85
V12[edit]
• 1986 - 5.0 L M70
• 1992 - 5.6 L S70
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• 1993 - 5.4 L M73
• 1994 - 6.1 L S70/2
• 1999 - 6.0 L BMW P75
• 2003 - 6.0 L N73
• 2009 - 6.0 L N74
V16
• 1987 - 6.7 L Goldfish (M70 V12 based prototype)
• 2004 - 9.0 L - Rolls-Royce 100EX V16 engine prototype
3.1DIESEL PISTON ENGINE
Straight-three engine
• 2012–present – 1.5 L B37
Straight-four engine
• 1994–2000 – 1.7 L M41
• 1998–2006 – 2.0 L M47
• 2006–present – 2.0 L N47
• 2013–present – 2.0 L B47
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Straight-six engine
• 1983–1993 – 2.4 L M21
• 1991–1995 – 2.5 L M51
• 1998–present – 2.5-3.0 L M57
• 2008–present – 2.5-3.0 L N57
V8 engine
• 1998-2009 – 3.9-4.4 L M67
Aircraft engines
Inline piston engines
• 1917–1919 – IIIa, 19.1 L straight-six — first BMW corporate product of any kind
• 1919, 1925–? – IV, 23.5 L straight-six
• VI, 38.2 L V12
• 1926–1937 – VI, 45.8 L V12
• VIIa supercharged V12
• 116 (initially XII), 20.7 L V12, never manufactured
• 116 (initially XV), 36.0 L V12, never manufactured
Radial piston engines
• X, 2.2 L 5-cylinder
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• Xa, 2.9 L 5-cylinder
• 1933–? – 132, 27.7 L 9-cylinder, development of Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet
built under licence
• 1935 – 114, prototype development of 132
• 1935 – BMW-Lanova 114 V-4, supercharged liquid-cooled diesel prototype
development of 114
• 1939–1945 – 801, 41.8 L supercharged 14-cylinder double row
• 1942 – 802, 53.7 L supercharged 18-cylinder double row, never manufactured
• 803, 83.5 L supercharged 28-cylinder 4-row liquid-cooled, never manufactured
• 1936–1944 – Bramo 323, 26.8 L supercharged 9-cylinder, inherited when BMW
bought Bramo in 1939
Jet engines
• 1944–1945 – 003 axial flow turbojet
• 1997–2000 – BMW Rolls-Royce BR700 family of turbofans; Rolls-Royce plc
bought out the venture in 2000.
Page 30 of 67
CHAPTER-2
2BMW Incorporates thermal imaging cameras in its car:-
Compared to driving during the day.
Accident statistics show that driving at night represents a significant potential danger.
In Germany, some 50 per cent of fatal car accidents happen at night, although an average
of 75 per cent of all driving is done during the day. This means that the risk of driving
at night is twice as high as during the day. A similar situation is to be found in the US.
With a 28 per cent share of all driving, 55 per cent of all fatal accidents occur at night.
Accident statistics throughout Europe as a whole also justify intensive consideration of
the issue of nocturnal driving. According to estimates, approx. 560,000 people are
injured in the dark in Europe and some 23,000 are killed.
Insufficiently lit cyclist at night: the increased risk to pedestrians poses one of the
biggest safety problems in the dark. Here again, the Federal Office for Statistics is clear:
over 25,000 accidents per year involving pedestrians and cyclists occur during the night
in Germany.
The reasons are obvious: poor or significantly limited sight conditions on highways and
country roads, obstacles or narrow bends which are recognized too late with the low
beam, inappropriate judgment of speed or distance due to a lack of orientation for the
eye, driving into the “black hole” of the headlights of oncoming traffic, possibly
exacerbated by wet, reflecting road surfaces – just to mention a few exempla’s.
2.1 Making night time driving safer
For years, BMW has developed innovative technologies which provide relief for drivers
at night and thus at the same time improve general road safety. Innovations include
Xenon lights, which provides significantly increased brilliance and range, “Adaptive
Headlights”, whose horizontally swiveling headlamps ensure considerably improved
illumination of the road ahead and “High Beam Assistant” which turns the headlights
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automatically on and off, are just a few innovations that can be installed in BMW
models and help drivers during night time driving.
2.1.1BMW Night Vision
Another recent innovation to help drivers see better at night and in the most diverse
weather conditions, is the “BMW Night Vision” system.
The core of this system is a FLIR Systems thermal imaging camera. BMW is the first
European premium car manufacturer that started to implement this technology in its
cars.
“We started to develop the system in 2002.” says Mr. Russ, a BMW engineer who
helped head the system’s design efforts. “At the end of 2005, we started marketing our
Night Vision systems as an option on our BMW 7-series models. Today, the Night
Vision system can be ordered as an option on our 7-, 6- and 5-series models.”
“The first aim of the BMW Night Vision systems is to detect living objects, such as
pedestrians and animals, the camera has a built-in heater to defrost its protective
window. This heater is capable of defrosting a 2mm layer of ice frozen to the window
within 15 minutes when ambient temperature is -30°C and wind speed against the
window is 100 km/hr. The heater is automatically powered when window temperature
is less than +4°C and powered down when window temperature is more than +6°C. This
ensures a clear lens and perfect infrared images displayed on the monitor even in
extremely cold environments.
Crisp thermal image in the peripheral view of the driver
At speeds below 80 km/h, the wide horizontal field of view (36°) of the thermal imaging
camera assures that not only the road can be seen but also the areas at the side of the
road and surroundings. (Bicyclists, pedestrians, children, wild animals,). At a high
speed the field of view is automatically narrowed to 24°. At the same time, the field of
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view follows the turning of the road up to 6° left or right. This so called panning
movement is controlled by the parameter “steering of the wheels”. A digital zoom can
be activated which displays objects at further distance in a 1.5:1 enlargement.
2.1.2Night Vision: two different technologies
There are today two different technologies on the market for night vision systems. Far
Infrared (FIR) also called Passive Infrared and Near Infrared (NIR) also called Active
Infrared.
The NIR system beams infrared radiation into the area
2.1.3APPLICATION STORY ON THERMAL IMAGING:-
More and more people are discovering the advantages of thermal imaging cameras for
a wide variety of applications. Not only automotive but also security, maritime,
firefighting and other sometimes lifesaving applications are using the power of thermal
imaging. Volume production, combined with recent evolutions in detector technology,
makes thermal imaging technology much more affordable than
Emergency vehicles
General Hazards:-
Scalding
Don’t remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is hot.
Engine oil, automatic transmission fluid or power steering fluid may also be
dangerously hot if the engine has recently been running.
Burning
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Beware of burns from the exhaust system and from any part of the engine. Brake discs
and drums can also be extremely hot immediately after use is only supported by a jack.
Take care if loosening or tightening high torque nuts when the vehicle is on stands.
Initial loosening and final tightening should be done with the wheels on the ground. Fire
Fuel is highly flammable; fuel vapour is explosive.
Don’t let fuel spill onto a hot engine. • Do not smoke or allow naked lights (including
pilot lights) anywhere near a vehicle being worked on. Also beware of creating sparks.
Fuel vapour is heavier than air, so don’t work on the fuel system with the vehicle over
an inspection pit.
Another cause of fire is an electrical overload or short-circuit. Take care when repairing
or modifying the vehicle wiring.
Keep a fire extinguisher handy, of a type suitable for use on fuel and electrical fires.
Electric shock
Ignition HT voltage can be dangerous, especially to people with heart problems or a
pacemaker. Don’t work on or near the ignition system with the engine running or the
ignition switched on.
Mains voltage is also dangerous. Make sure that any mains-operated equipment is
correctly earthed. Mains power points should be protected by a residual current device
(RCD) circuit breaker.Fume or gas intoxication
Exhaust fumes are poisonous; they often contain carbon monoxide, which is rapidly
fatal if inhaled. Never run the engine in a confined space such as a garage with the doors
shut.
Fuel vapour is also poisonous, as are the vapours from some cleaning solvents and paint
thinners. Poisonous or irritant substances.
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Avoid skin contact with battery acid and with any fuel, fluid or lubricant, especially
antifreeze, brake hydraulic fluid and Diesel fuel. Don’t syphon them by mouth. If such
a substance is swallowed or gets into the eyes, seek medical advice.
Prolonged contact with used engine oil can cause skin cancer. Wear gloves or use a
barrier cream if necessary. Change out of oil soaked clothes and do not keep oily rags
in your pocket.
Air conditioning refrigerant forms a poisonous gas if exposed to a naked flame
(including a cigarette). It can also cause skin burns on contact.
Asbestos
Remember...
DO
• Do use eye protection when using power tools, and when working under the
vehicle.
• Do wear gloves or use barrier cream to protect your hands when necessary.
• Do get someone to check periodically that all is well when working alone on the
vehicle.
• Do keep loose clothing and long hair well out of the way of moving mechanical
parts.
• Do remove rings, wristwatch etc., before working on the vehicle – especially the
electrical system.
• Do ensure that any lifting or jacking equipment has a safe working load rating
adequate for the job.A few tips
Page 35 of 67
DON’T
• Don’t attempt to lift a heavy component which may be beyond your capability – get
assistance.
• Don’t rush to finish a job, or take unverified short cuts.
• Don’t use ill-fitting tools which may slip and cause injury.
• Don’t leave tools or parts lying around where someone can trip over them. Mop up oil
and fuel spills at once.
• Don’t allow children or pets to play in or near a vehicle being worked on.
• Asbestos dust can cause cancer if inhaled or swallowed. Asbestos may be found in
gaskets and in brake and clutch linings. When dealing with such components it is safest
to assume that they contain asbestos.
Special hazards
Hydrofluoric acid
• This extremely corrosive acid is formed when certain types of synthetic rubber, found
in some O-rings, oil seals, fuel hoses etc. are exposed to temperatures above 4000C.
The rubber changes into a charred or sticky substance containing the acid. Once formed,
the acid remains dangerous for years. If it gets onto the skin, it may be necessary to
amputate necessary to amputate the limb concerned.
• When dealing with a vehicle which has suffered a fire, or with components salvaged
from such a vehicle, wear protective gloves and discard them after use.
The battery
Page 36 of 67
• Batteries contain sulphuric acid, which attacks clothing, eyes and skin. Take care when
topping-up or carrying the battery.
• The hydrogen gas given off by the battery is highly explosive. Never cause a spark or
allow a naked light nearby. Be careful when connecting and disconnecting battery
chargers or jump leads.
2.6 Air bags
• Air bags can cause injury if they go off accidentally. Take care when removing the
steering wheel and/or facia. Special storage instructions may apply.
2.7 Diesel injection equipment
• Diesel injection pumps supply fuel at very high pressure. Take care when working on
the fuel injectors and fuel pipes.
Remember...
DO
• Do use eye protection when using power tools, and when working under the vehicle.
• Do wear gloves or use barrier cream to protect your hands when necessary.
• Do get someone to check periodically that all is well when working alone on the
vehicle.
• Do keep loose clothing and long hair well out of the way of moving mechanical parts.
• Do remove rings, wristwatch etc, before working on the vehicle – especially the
electrical system.
Page 37 of 67
• Do ensure that any lifting or jacking equipment has a safe working load rating adequate
for the job. A few tips
DON’T
• Don’t attempt to lift a heavy component which may be beyond your capability – get
assistance.
• Don’t rush to finish a job, or take unverified short cuts.
• Don’t use ill-fitting tools which may slip and cause injury.
• Don’t leave tools or parts lying around where someone can trip over them. Mop up oil
and fuel spills at once.
• Don’t allow children or pets to play in or near a vehicle being worked on.
Routine maintenance and servicing
Specifications
2.2 Engine
Oil filter
M10 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Champion C121
M20 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C160
M30 engines
3-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C160
5-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion X115
M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve clearances (intake and exhaust)
Page 38 of 67
M10 engines …………………………………………………Champion X120
Cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 mm
Hot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 mm
M20 engines
Cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 mm
Hot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 mm
M30 engines
Cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 mm
Hot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.35 mm
M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydraulic adjusters
2.2.1 Cooling system
Antifreeze mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 % antifreeze/60% water
Servicing Specifications
2.2.2Fuel system
Idle speed
3- Series, E 30
316 with M10/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 ± 50 rpm
316i with M40/B16 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 ± 40 rpm
Page 39 of 67
318i with M10/B18 engine (manual transmission) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 ± 50 rpm
318i with M10/B18 engine (automatic transmission) . . . . . . . . . . . 750 ± 50 rpm
318i with M40/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 ± 40 rpm
320i with M20/B20 engine (L-Jetronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 ± 50 rpm
320i with M20/B20 engine (Motronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760 ± 40 rpm
325i with M20/B25 engine . . . . . . . . 5- Series, E28 (“old-shape”) 760± 40 rpm
518 and 518i with M10/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 ± 50 rpm
All other models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 ± 50 rpm
5- Series, E34 (“new-shape”)
518i with M40/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 ± 40 rpm
520i with M20/B20M engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760 ± 40 rpm
525i with M20/B25M engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760 ± 40 rpm
530i with M30/B30M engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .800 ± 50 rpm
535i with M30/B35M engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 ± 50 rpm
CO% at 3000 rpm
3- Series, E 30
316 with M10/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 to 1.0
316i and 318i with M40/B16 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 ± 0.5
Page 40 of 67
318i with M10/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 maximum
320i with M20/B20 engine (L-Jetronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 ± 0.5
320i with M20/B20 engine (Motronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 ± 0.5
325i with M20/B25 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 ± 0.5
5- Series, E28 (“old-shape”)
518 and 518i with M10/B18 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 maximum
525i with M30/B25 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 ± 0.5
528i with M30/B28 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 maximum
535i with M30/B34 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 to 1.5
M535i with M30/B34 engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 to 1.5
5- Series, E34 (“new-shape”)
All models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 ± 0.5
2.2.3 Air filter element
M10 engines . . . . . . . . . Champion W155 (round) or U504 (square )
M20 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion U504 or U527
M30 engines . . . . . . . . . Champion U504 or U527
M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.Champion U527
Fuel filter (all fuel injection engines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 41 of 67
2.2.4 Ignition system
Spark plug type Champion L206
M10, M20 and M30 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion N9YCC
M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion C9YCC
Spark plug gap* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 mm
Spark plug (HT) leads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion type not available
The spark plug gap quoted is that recommended by Champion for their specified plugs
listed above. If spark plugs of any other type are to be fitted, refer to their manufacturer’s
spark plug gap recommendations.
2.2.5 Brakes
Disc brake pad thickness (minimum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 mm
Drum brake shoe lining thickness (minimum) . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 mm
2.2.6 Wiper blades
Windscreen
3-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion X-5103
3-Series passenger side from 1991 . . . . . . Champion X-5103 (20 inch)
5-Series, E28 (“old-shape”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion X-4503
5-Series, E34 (“new-shape”) . . . . . . . . . . . . Tailgate Champion type not available
3-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Champion X-4503
Page 42 of 67
5-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Champion type not available
2.2.7 Servicing Specifications
Tyre pressures (cold) - bars (psi)
3- Series, E 30 Front Rear
316 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 (28) 2.1 (30)
316 i
Saloon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (29) 2.1 (30)
Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (29) 2.2
(32)
318i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 (26) 1.9 (28)
320i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 (28) 2.0 (29)
325i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5- Series, E28 (“old-shape”) 2.2 (32) 2.3 (33)
518 and 518i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0(29) 2.0(29)
525i and 528i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 (32) 2.2 (32)
535i and M535i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 (33) 2.5 (36)
5- Series, E34 (“new-shape”)
518i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0(29) 2.0 (29)
Page 43 of 67
520i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 (32) 2.1 (30)
525i, 530i and 535i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 (29) 2.3 (33)
2.2.8Torque wrench settings Nm
Automatic transmission sump bolts
Three-speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 to 9
Four-speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 7
Spark plugs
M10 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 30
Except M10 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 to 33
Oxygen sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 to 33
Wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
2.2.9 Lubricants and fluids
Component or system Lubricant type/specification
Engine . . . . . . .Multi grade engine oil, viscosity SAE 10W/40 to 20W/50, to API SG
Cooling system . . . . . . . . .Ethylene glycol-based antifreeze with corrosion inhibitors
Manual transmission* . . . .Gear oil, viscosity SAE 80 to API-GL4, or single-grade
mineral-based engine oil, viscosity SAE 20, 30 or 40 to API-SG
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deron ll type ATF
Final drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BMW-approved hypoid gear oil, viscosity SAE 90
Page 44 of 67
Brake and clutch hydraulic systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydraulic brake
fluid to SAE J 1703 or DOT 4
Power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deron all type
ATF
* E34 520i & 525i with air conditioning, E34 530i & 535i - Deron II type ATF)
** Only available in bulk; refer to your BMW dealer
Capacities*
2.2.10 Engine oil
i. M10 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 liters
ii. M20 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 liters
iii. M30 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 liters
iv. M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 liters
2.2.11 Cooling system
i. M10 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 liters
ii. M20 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 liters
iii. M30 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 liters
iv. M40 engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 litres
2.2.12 Fuel tank
3- Series, E 30
Saloon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 liters (early), 64 liters (later)
Page 45 of 67
Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5- Series63 liters (early), 70 liters (later)
E28 (“old-shape”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………………………….. 70 liters
E34 (“new-shape”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………………………… 81 liters
2.2.13Manual transmission
ZF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …………………. …. 1.2 liters
Getrag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Automatic transmission (refill) 1.0 to 1.5 liters
3-speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……………….. . . . . . …………… 2.0 liters
4-speed . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final drive capacity (drain and refill) 3.0 liters
3-Series, E30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ………………………….0.9 liters
5-Series, E28 (“old-shape”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……….. ……………………. 0.9 liters
2.3 Maintenance and servicing:-
Maintenance schedule
The following maintenance intervals are based on the assumption that the vehicle owner
will be doing the maintenance or service work, as opposed to having a dealer service
department do the work. Although the time/mileage intervals are loosely based on
factory recommendations, most have been shortened to ensure, for example, that such
items as lubricants and fluids are checked/changed at intervals that promote maximum
engine/driveline service life. Also, subject to the preference of the individual owner
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interested in keeping his or her vehicle in peak condition at all times, and with the
vehicle’s ultimate resale in mind, many of the maintenance procedures may be
performed more often than recommended in the following schedule. We encourage such
owner initiative.
Under bonnet view (right-hand side) of a UK model 318i (1988)
1 Oil filler cap
2 Valve cover
3 Engine oil filler dipstick
4 Viscous cooling fan
5 Distributor cap cover
6 Bottom hose
7 Windscreen washer fluid reservoir
8 Ignition coil
9 Clutch hydraulic fluid reservoir
10 Battery
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Typical rear underside component:-
Exhaust system
Differential fill/check plug
Driveshaft boot
Fuel tank filler tube
Differential drain plug
Rear brake
Rear shock absorber
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CHAPTER-3
3. INTRODUCTION:-
This Chapter is designed to help the home mechanic maintain his or her vehicle with
the goals of maximum performance, economy, safety and reliability in mind. Included
is a master maintenance schedule, followed by procedures dealing specifically with
each item on the schedule. Visual checks, adjustments, component renewal and other
helpful items are included. Refer to the accompanying illustrations of the engine
compartment and the underside of the vehicle for the locations of various components.
Servicing the vehicle, in accordance with the mileage/time maintenance schedule and
the step-by-step procedures, will result in a planned maintenance programme that
should produce a long and reliable service life. Keep in mind that it is a comprehensive
plan, so maintaining some items but not others at specified intervals, will not produce
the same results.
Routine maintenance
As you service the vehicle, you will discover that many of the procedures can - and
should - be grouped together, because of the nature of the particular procedure you’re
performing, or because of the close proximity of two otherwise-unrelated components
to one another. For example, if the vehicle is raised for chassis lubrication, you should
inspect the exhaust, suspension, steering and fuel the wheels are removed for other
work, it makes good sense to check the brakes, since the wheels are already removed.
Finally, let’s suppose you have to borrow a torque wrench. Even if you only need it to
tighten the spark plugs, you might as well check the torque of as many critical nuts and
bolts as time allows.
The first step in this maintenance programmer is to prepare yourself before the actual
work begins. Read through all the procedures you’re planning to do, then gather up all
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the parts and tools needed. If it looks like you might run into problems during a
particular job, seek advice from a mechanic or an experienced do-it-yourselfer.
Engine “tune-up” - general information
The term “tune-up” is used in this manual to represent a combination of individual
operations rather than one specific procedure.
If, from the time the vehicle is new, the routine maintenance schedule is followed
closely, and frequent checks are made of fluid levels and high-wear items, as suggested
throughout this manual, the engine will be kept in relatively good running condition,
and the need for additional work will be minimized.
More likely than not, however, there will be times when the engine is running poorly
due to a lack of regular maintenance. This is even more likely if a used vehicle, which
has not received regular and frequent maintenance checks, is purchased. In such cases,
an engine tune-up will be needed outside of the regular maintenance intervals.
Weekly checks
Fluid level checks 1
The following are fluid level checks to 2 Engine oil is checked with a dipstick, which
is located on the side of the engine (refer to the underbonnet illustrations in this Chapter
for dipstick location). The dipstick extends through a metal tube down into the sump.
Engine oil be done on a 250-mile or weekly basis. Additional fluid level checks can be
found in specific maintenance procedures which follow. Regardless of intervals, be alert
to fluid leaks under the vehicle, which would indicate a fault to be corrected
immediately.
Components. Note: The vehicle must be on level ground when any fluid levels are
checked. The way back into the tube, and pull it out again. Note the oil at the end of the
dipstick. At its highest point, the oil should be between
1 Fluids are an essential part of the lubrication, cooling, brake and windscreen washer
systems. Because the fluids gradually become depleted and/or contaminated during
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normal operation of the vehicle, they must be periodically replenished. See “Lubricants
and fluids” at the beginning of this Chapter before adding fluid to any of the following
rag or paper towel. Insert the clean dipstick all the first step in any tune-up or diagnostic
procedure to help correct a poor-running engine is a cylinder compression check. A
compression check will help determine the condition of internal engine components,
and should be used as a guide for tune-up and repair procedures. If, for instance, a
compression check indicates serious internal engine wear, a conventional tune-up will
not improve the performance of the engine, and would be a waste of time and money.
Because of its importance, the compression check should be done by someone with the
right equipment, and the knowledge to use it properly.
The following procedures are those most often needed to bring a generally poor running
engine back into a proper state of tune.
Minor tune-up
Check all engine-related fluids.
Check all under bonnet hoses Check and adjust the drive belts
Clean, inspect and test the battery.
Renew the spark plugs Inspect the spark plug HT leads, distributor cap and rotor Check
the air filter.
Check the cooling system.
Major tune-up
All items listed under minor tune-up, plus . . . Check the ignition system
Check the charging system
Check the fuel system Renew the spark plug HT leads, distributor cap and rotor
It takes one liter of oil to raise the level from the lower mark to the upper mark on the
dipstick. Do not allow the level to drop below the lower mark, or oil starvation may
cause
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Engine damage. Conversely, overfilling the engine (adding oil above the upper mark)
may cause oil-fouled spark plugs, oil leaks, or oil seal failures.
To add oil, remove the filler cap located on the valve cover . After adding oil, wait a
few minutes to allow the level to stabilize, then pull the dipstick out and check the level
again. Add more oil if required. Refit the filler cap, tightening it by hand only.
Checking the oil level is an important preventive maintenance step. A consistently low
oil level indicates oil leakage through damaged seals or defective gaskets, or oil burning
(internal leakage past worn rings or valve guides). The condition of the oil should also
be noted. If the oil looks milky in colour or has water droplets in it, the cylinder head
gasket may be blown, or the head or block may be cracked. The engine should be
repaired immediately. Whenever you check the oil level, slide your thumb and index
finger up the dipstick before wiping off the oil. If you see small dirt or metal particles
clinging to the dipstick, the oil should be changed (see paintwork. Rinse off spills
immediately with plenty of water. Antifreeze is highly toxic if ingested. Never leave
antifreeze lying around in an open container, or in puddles on the floor; children and
pets are attracted by its sweet smell, and may drink it. Check with local authorities on
disposing of used antifreeze. Local collection centers may exist, to see that antifreeze is
disposed of safely.
All vehicles covered by this manual are equipped with a pressurized coolant recovery
system. On most models, a white plastic expansion tank (or coolant reservoir) located
in the engine compartment is connected by a hose to the radiator. As the engine heats
up during operation, the expanding coolant fills the tank. As the engine cools, the
coolant is automatically drawn back into the cooling system, to maintain the correct
level.
The coolant level in the reservoir (see illustrations) should be checked regularly. Add a
40%/60% mixture of ethylene glycol based antifreeze to water.
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Warning: Do not remove the above the LOW mark on the reservoir. Once the engine
has warmed up, the level should be at or near the FULL mark. If it isn’t, allow the
engine to cool, then remove the cap from the reservoir.
Drive the vehicle and recheck the coolant level. If only a small amount of coolant is
required to bring the system up to the proper level, plain water can be used. However,
repeated additions of water will dilute the antifreeze. In order to maintain the proper
ratio of antifreeze and water, always top-up the coolant level with the correct mixture.
If the coolant level drops consistently, there must be a leak in the system. Inspect the
radiator, hoses, filler cap, drain plugs and water pump . If no leaks are noted, have the
expansion tank cap or radiator cap pressure-tested by a BMW dealer.
If you have to remove the cap, wait until the engine has cooled completely, then wrap
a thick cloth around the cap and turn it to the first stop. If coolant or steam escapes, let
the engine cool down longer, then remove the expansion tank cap or radiator cap.
Check the condition of the coolant as well. It should be relatively clear. If it’s brown
or rust-colored, the system should be drained, flushed and refilled. Even if the coolant
appears to be normal, the corrosion.
(coolant reservoir) is located on the side of expansion tank (coolant reservoir) is the
engine compartment - remove the cap located on the bulkhead
to add coolant
Weekly Checks
fluid reservoir
Inhibitors wear out, so it must be renewed at the specified intervals.
Brake and clutch fluid
Warning: Brake fluid can harm your eyes and damage painted surfaces, so use extreme
caution when handling or pouring it. Do
Not use brake fluid that has been standing open or is more than one year old. Brake
fluid absorbs moisture from the air, which can cause a dangerous loss of brake
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effectiveness. Use only the specified type of brake fluid. Mixing different types (such
as DOT 3 or 4 and DOT 5) can cause brake failure.
The brake master cylinder is mounted at the left rear corner of the engine compartment.
The clutch fluid reservoir (manual transmission models) is mounted on the right-hand
side. 15 To check the clutch fluid level, observe the level through the translucent
reservoir. The level should be at or near the step moulded into the reservoir. If the level
is low, remove the reservoir cap to add the specified fluid (see illustration).
The brake fluid level is checked by looking through the plastic reservoir mounted on
the master cylinder (see illustration). The fluid level should be between the MAX and
MIN lines on the reservoir. If the fluid level is low, first wipe the top of the reservoir
and the cap with a clean rag, to prevent contamination of the system as the cap is
unscrewed. Top-up with the recommended brake fluid, but do not overfill.
While the reservoir cap is off, check the master cylinder reservoir for contamination. If
rust deposits, dirt particles or water droplets are present, the system should be drained
and refilled.
After filling the reservoir to the proper level, make sure the cap is seated correctly, to
prevent fluid leakage and/or contamination.
The fluid level in the master cylinder will drop slightly as the disc brake pads wear.
There is no need to top up to compensate stays above the MIN line; the level will rise
again when new pads are fitted. A very low level may indicate above the MIN mark on
the translucent reservoir - unscrew the cap to add fluid
Worn brake pads. Check for wear.
If the brake fluid level drops consistently, check the entire system for leaks immediately.
Examine all brake lines, hoses and connections, along with the calipers, wheel cylinders
and master cylinder.
When checking the fluid level, if you discover one or both reservoirs empty or nearly
empty, the brake or clutch hydraulic system should be checked for leaks and bled.
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Windscreen washer fluid
Fluid for the windscreen washer system is stored in a plastic reservoir in the engine
compartment (see illustration). 23 In milder climates, plain water can be used in the
reservoir, but it should be kept no more than two-thirds full, to allow for expansion if
the water freezes. In colder climates, use windscreen washer system antifreeze,
available at any car accessory shop, to lower the freezing point of the fluid. This comes
in concentrated or pre-mixed form. If you purchase concentrated antifreeze, mix the
antifreeze with water in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions on the
for this fall provided that the level
Tyre tread wear patterns: - vehicle, and spray a soapy water solution
On to the tread as the tyre is turned slowly leaks will cause small bubbles to appear
Checking the pressures when the tyres are warm, or hot, will result in higher readings,
due to heat expansion. On no account should air be let out of the tyres in this case, or
the tyres will effectively be under-inflated when cold.
8 Unscrew the valve cap protruding from the wheel or hubcap, and push the gauge
firmly onto the valve stem (see illustration). Note the reading on the gauge, and compare
the air pressure at least once a week with
an accurate gauge
Figure to the recommended tyre pressures shown in the Specifications listed at the
beginning of this Chapter. Be sure to refit the valve cap to keep dirt and moisture out of
the valve stem mechanism. Check all four tyres and, if necessary, add enough air to
bring them to the recommended pressure. 9 Don’t forget to keep the spare tyre inflated
to the specified pressure.
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Under-inflation will cause overheating of the tyre, because the tyre will flex too much,
and the tread will not sit correctly on the road surface. This will cause a loss of grip and
excessive wear, not to mention the danger of sudden tyre failure due to heat build-up.
Check and adjust pressures
Incorrect wheel camber (wear on one side)
Repair or renew suspension parts hard cornering Reduce speed! Over-inflation will
cause rapid wear of the Centre part of the tyre tread, coupled with reduced grip, harsher
ride, and the danger of shock damage occurring in the tyre casing. Check and adjust
pressures
If you sometimes have to inflate your car’s tyres to the higher pressures specified for
maximum load or sustained high speed, don’t forget to reduce the pressures to normal
afterwards. Wheel misalignment. Most tyre dealers and garages can check and adjust
the wheel alignment (or "tracking") for a modest charge.
Incorrect camber or castor
Repair or renew suspension parts
Malfunctioning suspension
Repair or renew suspension parts
Unbalanced wheel
Balance tyres
Incorrect toe setting
Adjust front wheel alignment
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3.1 ENGINE OIL AND FITER CHANGE: - Every 6000 miles or 6 months,
whichever comes first?
Make sure that you have all the necessary tools before you begin this procedure. You
should also have plenty of rags engines, the oil filter is located on the top left-hand side
of the engine. The exhaust components will be hot as you work
Start the engine and allow it to reach the threads as you unscrew it, then pull it normal
operating temperature - oil and sludge away from the drain hole suddenly. This will
flow more easily when warm. If new oil, a place your arm out of the way of the hot
oil, as filter or tools are needed, use the vehicle to go well as reducing the chances of
dropping the and get them, thus warming up the engine oil drain plug into the drain
pan.
Park on a level surface, and switch off the slightly as oil flow slows to a trickle. Inspect
engine when it’s warmed up. Remove the oil the old oil for the presence of metal
particles, filler cap from the valve cover. Which could give early warning of engine
Change out of oil-soaked clothing immediately.
Access to the oil drain plug and filter will be improved if the vehicle can be lifted on a
hoist, driven onto ramps, or supported by axle wear.
It may be necessary to move the drain pan.
After all the oil has drained, wipe off the drain plug with a clean rag. Any small metal.
Frequent oil changes are the stands. Particles clinging to the plug would most
important preventive Warning: DO NOT work under an immediately contaminate
the new oil. Maintenance procedures that vehicle supported only by a
Refit the plug and tighten it securely. Use can be done by the home hydraulic or
scissors-type jack a new washer if necessary.
Mechanic. As engine oil ages, it always use axle stands!
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Move the drain pan into position under the becomes diluted and contaminated,
Which leads to premature engine wear. Vehicle before, get under it, and locate the
Canister-type oil filter.
Loosen the spin-off type oil filter by turning it anti-clockwise with a filter spanner. Any
standard filter spanner will work.
Sometimes the spin-off type oil filter is Drain plug and the oil filter. Note that on some.
Once the filter is loose, use your hands to unscrew it from the block. Just as the filter is
detached from the block, immediately tilt the open end up to prevent oil inside the filter
from spilling out.
Using a clean rag, wipe off the mounting surface on the block. Also, make sure that
none of the old sealing ring remains stuck to the mounting surface. It can be removed
with a scraper if necessary.
Compare the old filter with the new one, to make sure they are the same type. Smear
some engine oil on the rubber sealing ring of the new filter, and screw it into place.
Over tightening the filter will damage the sealing ring, so don’t use a filter spanner.
drain pan: - it should be fairly shallow in depth but wide enough to prevent spills
Rubber gloves:-when removing the drain well.
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Socket bar - Sometimes the oil drain plug is tight, and a long bar is needed to loosen it.
The correct-size ring spanner may work just as well
Socket - To be used with the bar or a ratchet (must be the correct size to fit the drain
plug - six-point preferred)
Filter spanner - This is a metal band-type spanner, which requires clearance around the
filter to be effective. This tool is not required on all engines.
3.1.1Under bonnet hose check and renewal:-
Warning: Renewal of air conditioning hoses must be left to a dealer service department
or air conditioning specialist having the equipment to depressurize the system safely.
Never disconnect air conditioning hoses or components until the system has been
depressurized.
General
High temperatures under the bonnet can cause deterioration of the rubber and plastic
hoses used for various systems. Periodic inspection should be made for cracks, loose
clamps, material hardening, and leaks.
3.1.2Battery check, maintenance and charging:-
Face shield/safety goggles - When removing corrosion with a brush, the acidic particles
can easily fly up into your eyes
Baking soda - A solution of baking soda and water can be used to neutralize corrosion
Petroleum jelly - A layer of this on the battery posts will help prevent corrosion
Battery post/cable cleaner - This wire brush cleaning tool will remove all traces of
Corrosion from the battery posts and cable clamps.
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Treated felt washers - Placing one of these on each post, directly under the cable clamps,
will help prevent corrosion
Puller - Sometimes the cable clamps are very difficult to pull off the posts, even after
the nut/bolt has been completely loosened. This tool pulls the clamp straight up and off
the post without damage.
7 Battery post/cable cleaner - Here is another cleaning tool which is a slightly different
version of No 4 above, but it does the same thing.
Rubber gloves - Another safety item to consider when servicing the battery; remember
that’s acid inside the battery!
3.2 M10 and M30 (timing chain) engines
Camshaft front seal (M30 engines only)
Remove the upper timing chain cover only.
Support the cover on two blocks of wood, and drive out the seal from behind with a
hammer and screwdriver. Be very careful not to damage the seal bore in the process.
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Coat the outside diameter and lip of the new seal with multi-purpose grease, and drive
the seal into the cover with a hammer and a socket slightly smaller in diameter than the
outside diameter of the seal.
The remainder of refitting is the reverse of removal.
Crankshaft front seal (M10 and M30 engines)
Remove the crankshaft pulley and vibration damper.
Carefully praise the old seal out of the cover with a large screwdriver. Be very careful
not to damage the seal bore or the crankshaft with the tool. Wrap the tip of the
screwdriver with a piece of tape to prevent damage
3.3 Oil pump: - removal, inspection and refitting
Removal
Remove the sump.
M10, M20 and M30 engines
On M10 and M30 engines, remove the three bolts that attach the gear to the front of the
pump. Note: Some models have a single center nut attaching the gear to the oil pump.
Unbolt the oil pump from the engine block and remove it.
On the M20 engine, the intermediate shaft drives the oil pump driveshaft, which drives
the oil pump. To remove the driveshaft, remove the hold-down plate from the block,
and lift out the plug. Check the condition of the O-ring, and renew it if necessary. Lift
the driveshaft out and check both gears for wear, renewing them if worn or damage.
If the gear on the intermediate shaft is worn, or the intermediate shaft bearing is worn
or damaged, the intermediate shaft must be removed. Remove the engine, then remove
the timing belt, crankshaft and intermediate shaft sprockets and the engine front cover.
The intermediate shaft can be slid out the front of the engine.
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3.4 Inspection:-
M10, M20 and M30 engines
Remove the cover and check the pump body, gears or rotors and cover for cracks and
wear (especially in the gear or rotor contact areas).
Check the strainer to make sure it is not clogged or damaged. 18 Lubricate the gears
with clean engine oil, then attach the pump cover to the body and tighten the bolts
evenly and securely.
3.5 Engine Refitting:-
M10, M20 and M30 engines
Make sure the mounting surfaces are clean, then insert the pump into the engine block
recess. Refit the bolts and tighten them to the torque specified at the beginning of this
Chapter.
Clean the mating surfaces, then refit the front end cover and oil pump to the cylinder
block, together with a new gasket. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Note that
there are two sizes of bolts, and they have different torque settings.
Fit the spacer ring on the front of the crankshaft.
Apply engine oil to the lips of the new oil seal, then press it into the housing to its
previously-noted position. To ensure the oil seal enters the housing squarely.
3.6 Engine mountings:-
Engine mountings seldom require attention, but broken or deteriorated mountings
should be renewed immediately, or the added strain placed on the driveline components
may cause damage or wear.
During the check, the engine must be raised slightly to remove its weight from the
mounts.
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Raise the vehicle and support it securely on axle stands, then position a Jack under the
engine sump. Place a large block of wood between the jack head and the sump, then
carefully raise the engine just enough to take.
3.7 Crankshaft rear oil seal:-
Remove the flywheel or drive plate.
Remove the bolts and/or nuts attaching the seal retainer to the engine block. Be sure to
remove the two bolts (from underneath) connecting the rear of the sump to the bottom
of the seal retainer.
Run a sharp, thin knife between the sump gasket and the seal retainer, cutting the
retainer free from the gasket. Be very careful not to damage the gasket, and keep it clean
so you can re-use it.
Break the seal retainer-to-block gasket seal by tapping the retainer with a plastic mallet
or block of wood and hammer. Do not praise between the retainer and the engine block,
as damage to the gasket sealing surfaces will result.
3.8Flywheel:-
To refit the flywheel/drive plate on the crankshaft, use a liquid thread-locking
compound on the bolts, and tighten them gradually, using a crisscross pattern, to the
torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications.
The remainder of refitting is the reverse of removal.
Coat the outside diameter and lip of the new seal with multi-purpose grease, and drive
the seal into the retainer with a hammer and a block of wood.
Apply a film of RTV-type gasket sealant to the surface of the sump gasket that mates
with the seal retainer. Apply extra beads of RTV sealant to the edges where the gasket
meets the engine block. Note: If the sump gasket is damaged, instead of fitting a whole
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new gasket, you might try trimming the rear portion of the gasket off at the point where
it meets the engine block, then trim off the rear portion of a new sump gasket so it’s
exactly the same size. Cover the exposed inside area of the sump with a rag, then clean
all traces of old gasket material off the area where the gasket was removed. Attach the
new gasket piece to the sump with contact-cement-type gasket adhesive, then apply
RTV-type sealant as described at the beginning of this paragraph.
Coat both sides of the new retainer gasket with RTV-type gasket sealant, then attach
the gasket to the seal retainer. Fit the seal retainer to the rear of the engine, then refit the
bolts and tighten them evenly to the torque listed in this Chapter’s Specifications. Work
from bolt to-bolt in a crisscross pattern to be sure they’re tightened evenly. Note 1:
Tighten the retainer-to-block bolts first, then tighten the sump-to-retainer bolts. Note 2:
After applying
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CHAPTER - 4
4.1 CONCLUSION
BMW is a well know highly valid brand and high diversity in the product portfolio.
BMW passes highly in the internal competence and company develop a large part of
car by themselves. The emerging market in the south Asia, Russia, Eastern Europe, and
South America have shown evident growth development. Eminent production, and
transportation and raw material have both dampened margins and effect the buying
power of the consumers likewise as high oil prices.
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4.2 REFERANCE
www.google.com
www.slideshear.com
www.bmw.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.bmwgroup.com
http://www.slideshare.net/lifePR/bmwgrouppressemeldungq32010englisch1pdf?qid=d
cc6b18a-e349-4e28-90fb-bbdf0f953d33&v=qf1&b=&from_search=12
www.bmweducation.com
www.smartcar.com
www.jdpower.com
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