bme 262 biomaterials yeditepe university spring 2010 prof. dr. a. c ü neyt ta ş
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BME 262 Biomaterials Yeditepe University Spring 2010 Prof. Dr. A. C ü neyt Ta ş Feb 24, 2010 Lecture. Relationship between Materials Science and Biological/Medical Sciences. Materials science and engineering is an interdisciplinary field, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BME 262 BiomaterialsYeditepe UniversitySpring 2010
Prof. Dr. A. Cüneyt Taş
Feb 24, 2010 Lecture
Relationship between Materials Scienceand Biological/Medical Sciences
Materials science and engineering is
1. an interdisciplinary field,2. using and seeking fundamental knowledge from the basic science areas, such as chemistry, physics, geology,mathematics, thermodynamics, zoology, and biology,3. dealing with the synthesis and processing of metals,ceramics, glasses, and polymers,4. dealing with both synthetic (man-made) and natural materials,5. developing new methods for synthesizing biologically-inspiredmaterials to be used as implants in clinical applications,6. seeking new methods for mimicking the nature (biomimetic),7. one of the top engineering fields which globally receives impressive research funding.
Synthesis:
Formation of materialsPreparation of materials
by using chemical and physical techniques.
Synthesis techniques to be developed (a) must be environmentally-friendly and (b) must not cause any toxic side-effects
on all living creatures and biological resources of the Earth.
Synthesis techniques must not totally consume all or parts ofa specific natural resource of the Earth.
Processing:
The combination of all engineering techniques and procedures required for the realization of a specified engineering goal.
All successful and civilized engineering processes must be economically feasible,safe and non-hazardous for the living creatures,statistically-sound, reliable and reproducible.
Characterization:
The combination of numerous analytical techniques, tools andinstruments serving the materials scientist (and thebiological/medical scientist) to collect (and then exploit) information about the physical, chemical, and biological state of a given material.
Only a well-characterized material can reach the stage ofclinical application in the form of an implant biomaterial.
Characterization of materials:
Chemical Physical Biological
Characterization:
Natural sciences, since the times ofLeonardo da Vinci, are trying to SEEthe essence of natural phenomena and materials.
All beliefs must be tested against natural facts, andduring this process a scientist must practice the utmost doubt and curiosity.
Don’t forget: Appearances may be misleading.
Optical microscopy Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) Electron microscopy Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
OpticalMicroscopy
zeiss.com
Confocal LaserScanning Microscopy
Human osteoblastcells, after properstaining, on PMMA..
Blue: cell nucleiGreen: actin filamentsOrange: vinculin adhesionplaques
M. J. Dalby et al.,J. Mater. Sci. Mater. M.,13 (2002) 311-314.
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope
zeiss.com
Electron Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
High Resolution Transmission electron Microscopy (HR-TEM)
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Zeiss.com
SEM
Transmission electron microscope (SEM)
Zeiss.com
TEM(with an insetof SelectedArea Electron Diffractionpattern, SAED)
HR-TEM
H. Coelfen & M. Antonietti,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,44 (2005) 5576-5591.
Atomic ForceMicroscopy, AFM
www.witec-instruments.de
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope
DVD, 20 x 20 m image
Atomic ForceMicroscopy, AFM
Breast cancer tissue,78 x 78 m image
From: http://www.pacificnanotech.com
Chemical Analysis
Inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
www.perkinelmer.com
Chemical Analysis
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
www.perkinelmer.com
Chemical Analysis
Mass spectroscopy (MS)
www.thermo.com
Physico-chemical Analysis
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
www.bruker-axs.de A. C. Tas, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81 (1998) 2853