bmct report vernacular arch
TRANSCRIPT
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VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREOF INDIA
B.M.C.T
NIDHI JINDAL, B.ARCH, 5th SEM.
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TABLE !" #!$TE$T%INTRODUCTION TO VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE......................................................4
A. ZONE- CENTRAL..................................................................................................... 5
1. LOCATION............................................................................................................ 5
2. GEOGRAPH........................................................................................................ 5
!. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS........................................................................................ "
4. TOPOGRAPH...................................................................................................... "
5. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................#
5. 1. PLANNING OF THE HOUSE............................................................................#
5. 2. SPECIFIC FEATURES $EEPING IN MIND THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.................%
5. !. CONSTRUCTION TECHNI&UES....................................................................1'
5.!.2. (ALLS......................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................................... 11
5.!.!ROOF.......................................................................................................... 1!
B. ZONE EASTERN.................................................................................................... 14
TPICAL HUT IN JHAR$HAND.................................................................................... 14
1. LOCATION...........................................................................................................14
.............................................................................................................................. 14
2. CLIMATE.............................................................................................................15
!. GEOGRAPH.......................................................................................................1"
4. TOPOGRAPH.....................................................................................................1"
5 .INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1#
5.1. PLANNING OF THE HUT...................................................................................1)
5.2. CONSTRUCTION TECHNI&UES AND MATERIALS USED....................................1%
5.2.1. FOUNDATIONS..........................................................................................1%
5.2.2. (ALLS......................................................................................................1%
5.2.!. ROOF........................................................................................................1%
.............................................................................................................................. 2'
.............................................................................................................................. 2'
1.LOCATION........................................................................................................... 21
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2.GEOGRAPH....................................................................................................... 22
!.TOPOGRAPH..................................................................................................... 22
4.CLIMATE..............................................................................................................22
5. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................24
5.1. PLANNING AND DESIGNING............................................................................ 24
5.2. SPECIFIC FEATURES IN PLANNING..................................................................25
5.!. ELEVATION...................................................................................................... 2#
5.4. SECTIONS....................................................................................................... 2)
5.5. INTERIOR VIE(S.............................................................................................2%
5.". CONSTRUCTION TECHNI&UES ADOPTED........................................................!'
5.".1. FOUNDATION............................................................................................!'
5.".2. (ALLS......................................................................................................!'
5.".!. ROOF........................................................................................................!1
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TABLE !" "&'()E%F*+ 1/ L0t*03 M 0 G036*, Mh7ht.........................................................5
F*+ 2/ B7* F08 0 th H07..............................................................................#
F*+ !/ D*93t V*:7 0 th H07........................................................................)
F*+ 4/ B7* F3t*03*3+ 0 th h07....................................................................)
F*+ 5/ M6 (;;.................................................................................................... 11
F*+ "/ B;0?...............................................................................11
F*+ #/ V*07 St>*;*@7 666 t0 M6...............................................................12
F*+ )/ E;t*03 =h07?....................................................................................... 1!
F*+ %/ Et*07 =R00?..........................................................................................1!
F*+ 1'/ T*8> 8:0< 76 *3 th 00..........................................................1!
F*+ 11/ L0t*03 8 0 Jh
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&$T)!*(#T&!$ T! +E)$A#(LA) A)#,&TE#T()E
+ernacular Architecture 837 th 0 h*tt 0 tht t*; ;
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3+*37.
+ernacular architecture is both regionally and socially speci-c. Each
community over the years develops a prototype that responds to local
needs and carries it forward through generations.
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A. /!$E0 #E$T)AL
1. L!#AT&!$G036*, Mh7ht =3 N+?, I36*
"igure 12 Location 3ap of 'ondia4 3aharashtra
5. 'E!')A6,7
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th 6*7t*t. (*3+3+7 0th t*>t*7 B3th6*, P3+0;*, Ch;>36 36
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3t7 *t.
• G036* 6*7t*t *7 *h *3 8*3; 07 0 83+37, *03, h08*t7,
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• G036* *7 7*tt6 *3 th t8 7t3 7*6 0 Mh7ht. It ;*7 >t:3
th 30th ;t*t6 0 2'.!% 36 21.!) 36 7t ;03+*t67 0 )%.2# t0 )2.42.
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8. #L&3AT #!$*&T&!$%
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7703.
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:. &$T)!*(#T&!$
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"igure 52 Basic "orm of the ,ouse
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•
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h *3:t 08 70*;6*3+.
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t.
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• Th 36h 3 > 76 8h 80 *3 :*3t 6 t0 737 70th3
*3;*3t*03.
"igure 82 *i;erent +iews of the ,ouse
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"igure 92 Basic "unctioning of the house
:. 5. %6E#&" "EAT()E%
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• P;3t*3+ 36 ;0t 0*6 0tt*03 08 h0t 6 36 0;6 :*367
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• D:;;*3+7 *3+ 03t0 *; +307; 00t*03; 0t67
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:. 8. #!$%T)(#T&!$ TE#,$&=(E%
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:.8.5. >ALL%• Th :;;7 0 th 3; h077 : +3;; ;06 >*3+ 7tt7.
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"igure :2 3ud >all
"igure ?2 Blocks of 3ud @adobe
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5.3.2.1. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
1. T*8> 8:0< :7 7t t6 > ;*3+ t*; 88>7 ;03+7*6
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2. MORTAR
SUITABLE MORTAR FOR MASONR
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:.8.8)!!"
"igure C2 Elevation @house
• Th h07 *7 *3 th 08 0 7t6 8*6; 7tt; :*th 7;0*3+ 007.
• N0 03 t 36 8*3*8; 03*3+7.
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> th :0063 ;0+7.
• (0063 t777 h >3 76 t0 0*6 t 70t t0 th 00
7tt.
"igure 1D2 Exteriors"igure 2 Timber framework used in the
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B. /!$E EA%TE)$
T76AL ,(T &$ F,A)
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5. #L&3ATE• Th ;*8t 0 R3h* ;;7 *3t0 77037/ 788, 8037003, ;;, :*3t,
36 7*3+.• S88 *7 t*;; >t:3 A*; 36 8*6-J3 :*th + 8*88
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St8> th *8 803th7 0 *3;;
"igure 152 &ndia2 #limate /ones
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8. 'E!')A6,7 • Jh06 :*th th 7tt7 0 B*h t0 th 30th, Utt
P67h 36 Chhtt*7+h t0 th :7t, O6*7h t0 th 70th, 36 (7t B3+;
t0 th 7t.• It h7 3 0 !',##) 7. 8* =#%,#1' *++7t *367t*; *t 0 th 7tt.
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• M07t 0 th 7tt ;*7 03 th Ch0t N+ P;t, :h*h *7 th 70 0 th
$0;, D806, Bh83*, $h3
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h077 : 807t; 7;->*;t > 8*; 88>7, 708t*87 *66 >
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• S036, 3 t3; 7 63t t0 0 70366 > th 6:;;*3+ :7
8h7*@6 > 7 0 ;83t7 7h 7 ;0: ;t087 0 36h7.
"igure 182 Typical ,ut in Fharkhand
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:.1. 6LA$$&$' !" T,E ,(T
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;03+ 36 ! t0 4 8t7 =1' t0 12 t? :*6.• Th7 ht7 : 3+6 *3 ;*3 tt3 ;03+ th 8*3 7tt 0
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:.5. #!$%T)(#T&!$ TE#,$&=(E% A$* 3ATE)&AL% (%E*
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:.5.8. )!!"
• Th ht h6 t 00 tht :7 086 0 >8>00 87h 36 thth.• Th 00 7t6 03 3*3 :0063 07t7 t6 *3 th 0:7, :*th th 07t7
0:, 7 6*t6 >0. Th7 07t7 : 73< *3t0 th *76 ;t08
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"igure 1?2 3ud walls with wooden posts ofa typical hut
"igure 1:2 %pecial mud blocks left withvegetable matter to mature for wallconstruction "igure 12 ,ut
#onstruction *etails
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• O t*8, 7 3 9t 0 *367t*; h>*6*@t*03, th thth *3 th ht7 :7
;6 > 73-6*6 0 >3t ; M3+;0 t*;7 =386 0 th* ; 0
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ht7#. /!$E0 >E%TE)$
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;33*3+ 0 8063 J*.
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• It *7 *3 08 0 >3+;0: 77t8 70366 > h077 0 78 7tt7 36
*06.
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5.'E!')A6,7
• Th 8*3 +0+h* t7 0 R7th3 th Th D7t 36 th
A;;* R3+, :h*h 37 th0+h th 7tt 08 70th:7t t0 30th7t.
• Th 30th:7t3 0t*03 0 R7th3 *7 +3;; 736 36 6. M07t 0 th*7+*03 *7 06 > th Th D7t :h*h t367 *3t0 60*3*3+ 0t*037 0
P S*0 7 ;;? 36 80 t*;, h7
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9.#L&3ATE
• Th :th 0 J* *7 78*-*6 t. T8t7 8*3 08t*;
03 th h*+h 36 ;; 036 th .
• Th 788 7703 >+*37 08 A*; 36 03t*37 t*;; J;. Th t8t
*77 t0 3 + 0 !'0C. Th :th *3 7887 *7 h*+h 03 h8*6*t.
• Th *t *37 8037003 7h0:7 *3 th 803th7 0 A+7t 36
St8> :*th 3t th367t087.
• J* *7 0 "5' 88 0 *3;; h .
•
(*th ;73t :th *3 th 803th 0 Ot0>Q N08> t0 F>, th 803th7 :h3 *t 0>7 :*3t7. Th t8t 3+7 *3 >t:3 5-
150C 6*3+ th*7 7703.
• Th 30 t7 0 h8*6*t *3 :*3t7 >t th *t *7 608*3t6 > th
637 0 0 0+ *3 803*3+7 36 3*3+7.
• Th 0;6 :7 t t*87 ;6 t0 @*3+ t8t *3 th*7 7703. J* *7
t8; :8 6*3+ 7887 36 0;6 6*3+ :*3t7, th0+h th 3*+ht7
00; th0+h0t th .
"igure 5D2 Location 3ap of the ,ouse
"igure 12 Location 3ap of )ajasthan
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JANUAR-MARCH APRIL-JUNE JUL-SEPTEMBER OCTOBER-
DECEMBER
5'F-)'F #5F-1'5F #'F-%'F #'F-)5F1' 6+ C - 2#
6+ C
24 6+ C - 45
6+ C
21 6+ C - !5
6+ C
1! 6+ C - !'
6+ C4MM - #MM 11MM-!'MM 1''MM-1"5MM !MM-)MM
Table 12 Temperature and )ainfall of )ajasthan
"igure 512 #limate #hart of )ajasthan
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:. &$T)!*(#T&!$
• Th h07 >;03+7 t0 3 3t 8*; 0 th t0:3 36 *7 >0t #' 7 0;6.
• Th h07 :7 67*+36 36 >*;t *3 6*3+ th 0;03*; *06 :*th *6;
h3+*3+ I36*3 70*t 36 3: ;* 7t;7, th0 t7 th t7 0
th *06.
• A7 th h07 *7 30: 6**66 *3t0 t:0 h;7 h >;03+*3+ t0 th t:0
>0th7, 637 h0: 6:;;*3+ 806* *t7; 0 t*8.
:.1. 6LA$$&$' A$* *E%&'$&$'
• Th h07 7t367 :;; *3 0*8t; 7 ;3 :*th 3; 55 0
t .
• Th ;3 :;; *;*tt7 th 36 0 th 8*; 36 th 7t087 th 0;;0:.
"igure 552 'round "loor 6lan
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:.5. %6E#&" "EAT()E% &$ 6LA$$&$'
• C0t6 h07.
• M*0 *8+ ;03+ 3t; *7 *3t0 h;7.• T:0 *+ht7 0 7t* 7.
• F*7t 00 037tt*03 *3 th t7
• B6008 03 70th:7t.
• P00 7t6 *3 30th.
• G7t 008 73t7 t *3 7t.
• Th ;+ :*360:7 :*th ;0: 7*;; 0 3t*;t*03 *7 ;70 t*; t0 h0t
;*8t.
• Th 0087 *3 th 6 h86 t 45, 36 08 t:0 0t+03;
0;87 t*;;, :h*h *7 3* t0 J* 36 3 > 73 *3 83
>*;6*3+7 0 th 0;6 *t 7 *3 H: Mh;.
"igure 582 "irst "loor 6lan
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"igure 5:2 #limate and (tility 6attern
"igure 592 /oning of the house
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:.8. ELE+AT&!$
• A7 th >*;6*3+ :7 >*;t *3 th 0;03*; *06 *t t7 th ;83t7 0
*33 ;*;366 :*th J* 7t;.
"igure 592 "ront Elevation of the ,ouse
"igure 5C2 Big >indows and+entilators
"igure 52 Arches with %tone#olumns and Brackets and Faipuri carved Falis
St03
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:.9. %E#T&!$%
"igure 5:2 &nternal %ection
"igure 5?2 %ection through "ront #ourtyard
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:.:. &$TE)&!) +&E>%
"igure 5C2 )oom Layout"igure 52 "irst "loor Terrace
"igure 8D2 +entilators in a )oom"igure 52 Typical %taircase in )ajasthan
"igure 852 Fali used in &nteriors"igure 812 #ourtyard
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:.?. #!$%T)(#T&!$ TE#,$&=(E% A*!6TE*
:.?.1. "!($*AT&!$
• Th 036t*03 0 th h07 :7 ;*6 *3 7t03 36 :7 12 6.
• F*7t; th ;36 :7 t6 36 th7 7t03 7;> :7 ;6.
• Th3, th : 7t03 :;;7 03 th 7t03 7;> 36 th3 +*3 7t03 7;>.
• Th*7 :7 t6 3t*; 12 6th :7 h*6.
:.?.5. >ALL%
• St03 :7 76 7 th 8*3 037tt*03 U3*t 0 th 037tt*03 0 th
h07.
• Th :;;7 h >3 08;t; >*;t :*th >>; 8703. It *7 037tt6
:*th th 7 0 78;; 7t037 :*th th 7 0 80t.
• Th 80t *7 +3;; 86 0 ;70 ;*8 *3 th*7 7.
• St03 *7 ;0;; *;>; *3 >363 36 h3 *7 h.
• U370 3 > 0*3t6 t0 037tt >>; :;;.• Th 037tt*03 0 :;; t;
7*8*; h*+ht7 *3 07.
• Th :;;7 th3 ;7t6 :*th ;*8 t0 +* 7800th 7.
• S08 th 0;0 *7 ;*6 t0 th :;; tht.
"igure 882 %tone "oundation
St03 S;>
St03 (;;7
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:.?.8. )!!"
• Th 00 0 th h07 *7 t.
• Th (;;7 03 th F03t 0 th 00 :*th t0t7 t0 0*6 7h6.
•
Th t7 33*3+.
"igure 892 >all used as %unshade for Terrace