blutkreislauf und herzen
TRANSCRIPT
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Blutkreislauf und Herzen
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Branchiostoma Blutkreislauf
Aorta dorsalisCarotide
KiemenbogengefäßeVena portae
V. hepatica
Caudalvene
Sinus venosusEndostylarterie
Cardinalvene Ductus cuvieri
Kapillarnetz des Darmes
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Blutkreislauf bei kiemenatmendem Fisch
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Single Circulation
Double Circulation
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from: Hicks 2002. News Physiol. Sci., 17:241–245.
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Blutkreislauf bei Säugetier
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Aortic arches and circulation of Africanlungfish.
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Frosch-Herz
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Blutkreislauf bei Squamata
=> central shunting
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Aortic arches of birds and mammals compared.
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Herz
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Herz
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Thorax-Situs Hund
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Herz-Situs HundAorta thoracica
ZwerchfellTruncus pulmonalis
Art. subclavia sinistra
Art. brachiocephalica
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Hundeherz - Ultraschallanatomie
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Binnenräume des Herzens
linke Hälfte rechte HälfteSeptum interventriculare
rechterVentrikel
ArcusaortaeArcus
aortae
Lungen-arterien
linker Ventrikel linker Ventrikel
linkerVorhof
linkerVorhof
Vena cava cranialisTruncus brachiochephalicus
Chordaetendinae
rechterVorhof
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Single Circulation
Double Circulation
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Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
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External anatomy of a Python heart
left systemic artery
right systemic artery
common carotid
right atrium
pulmonary artery left lung
right lung
Vena cava
left pulmonaryartery
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muscular ridge
Cavum arteriosum
horizontal septum
Cavum pulmonale
Cavum venosum
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Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
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Central caradiac shunt in squamates and turtles
from: Hicks 2002. News Physiol. Sci., 17:241–245.
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Webb‘s functional hypothesis
Modified from: Webb et al. 1971. J. Morphology 134, 355 - 350
LA RA
LA RA
LAoRAo
LAoRAo
PulPul
CPCA
CV
atrio-ventricular valve
Diastole Systole
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right
left
caud
al
cranial
Longitudinal ultrasonograph
LA
RA
LARA
CA
CP
CV
CA
CPCV
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Interventricular canal and muscular ridge
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Openings of major arteries
common trunk of pulmonary arteries
left systemic
right systemic
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CIV early diastole
right atriumCV
CA
CP
right atrium CV
CACP
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CIV late diastole
CP
CV
CP
CV
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CIV early systole
CV
CP
CV
CP
CA CA
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CIV middle systole
CV
CACV
CACP CP
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CIV late systole
CP CPCA
CV
CA
CV
lAo
rAo
lAo
rAo
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Squamata und Testudines
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Cardiac shuntFunctional hypotheses
Pulmonary bypass• R-L saves cardiac energy• R-L reduces CO2 flux into lungs• R-L faciliates warming• R-L triggers hypometabolism
Systemic bybass• L-R faciliates CO2 elimination in lungs• L-R improves systemic O2 transport• L-R myocardial oxygenation
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Central cardiac shuntHypotheses and Predictions
• No shunt => Qpul = Qsys => Qpul/Qsys 1
• R-L shunt => Qpul < Qsys => Qpul/Qsys < 1
• L-R shunt => Qpul > Qsys => Qpul/Qsys > 1
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right atrium
left atriumventricle
left systemic artery
right systemic artery
pulmonary artery
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Right systemic artery
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Krokodil
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Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
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Foramen of Panizza
• Foramen Panizzae* • Bicuspidalklappen > <
Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.
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Foramen of Panizza
Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.
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Axelson et al. 1996. JEB 199; 359 – 365.
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Krokodil-HerzUltraschallanatomie
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Entering diving bradycardyventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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Diving bradycardy (4 min)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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right aorta (air breathing)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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Right aorta (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Crocodylus – cardiac outputRight aorta
per beat minute volume
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
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left aorta (air breathing)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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left aorta (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Crocodylus – cardiac outputleft aorta
per beat minute volume
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
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Truncus pulmonalis(air breathing)
ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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Truncus pulmonalis (diving)ventral
dorsal
caud
al
cranial
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Crocodylus – cardiac outputTruncus pulmonalis
per beat minute volume
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l / s
ysto
le]
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
card
iac
outp
ut [m
l /m
inut
e]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
HF (breathing) = 30 – 40 bpm; HF (diving) = 2 – 4 bpm
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Foramen Panizzae(air breathing)
ventral
dorsalca
udal
cranial
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Foramen Panizzae (diving)ventral
dorsalca
udal
cranial
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Fluss durch Foramen Panizzae
Atmend Tauchend
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Cardiovascular Circuits in Sauropsids
Campen and Starck 2012. in McCue (Ed) Intermittent feeding. Springer Verlag
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Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150
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Farmer et al. 2008. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 81. DOI: 10.1086/524150