Bluetooth Technology & Applications

Presented By: Steve Deutscher

Director Product Management

Motorola

Agenda

• Brief History of Bluetooth • Bluetooth SIG Involvement with Interoperability and

Standardization

• Overview of Bluetooth Technology (hardware & software components)

• Bluetooth Profile Definition and Discussion

• Usage Model Discussion

• Market Overview of Shipping Bluetooth Products

• Product Demonstratation

• Summary Discussion

What’s With the Name?

• Bluetooth is named after King Harold Blatand (or Bluetooth), a 10th Century Danish King who united large parts of Scandinavia which are today parts of Denmark and Norway. The name was chosen to highlight the potential for the technology to unify communication between mobile devices. The name was never intended to remain beyond the lab.

• Bluetooth was originally conceived by Ericsson as an alternative to cables for a mobile phone

Why Bother with Bluetooth?“70% of all calls start or end in the car. 85% of users use cell phones in the car.” – Telematics

Most the major Car manufacturers are committed to Bluetooth in some 2004 model year cars.

Today: 819 total products qualified, 38% are end products, 24 phone models

2003 est: 1300 total products projected,470 End user products, 40 phones models

What is Bluetooth?

• Open Standard for Short Range Wireless Connectivity • Designed for Transmitting Data and Audio Wirelessly• Uses Radio Frequency (RF) Technology in the Unlicensed

2.4Ghz ISM Frequency Band.• Initial Target Applications include PC & PDA Peripherals,

Wireless Audio & Data, Data Synchronization, In-Vehicle (Telematics)

• Future Applications include Wireless Access Points, Healthcare, Industrial Applications, Cordless Telephony, Smart Appliances, Entertainment – Wireless Gaming.

• Provides for Ad Hoc device Connection and Service Discovery

• Promises Lower Power Consumption and Lower Cost per Node Than Competing Wireless Technologies.

Why Bluetooth?• More Robust than Infrared (IrDA).

– RF based, not limited to line-of-sight.– Supports 10 meter range (class 2), versus 1 meter.

• Power Consumption– Bluetooth provides several classes of operation that

provide significant power advantages over other wireless alternatives such as 802.11

• Projected to be Less Costly Than 802.11 & HomeRF.– 802.11 & HRF estimate is > $25 per node, Bluetooth target

is < $ 5 when embedded in volume.– Bluetooth costs will start declining sharply 1st half 2003.

Why Not Bluetooth?• Range

– 802.11 WLAN & HomeRF provide greater connection distance

• Data Rate – Bluetooth today provides 1Mbps raw data rate, lower than

competing technologies, 802.11b (11Mbps), 802.11a (54Mbps)

• Hyped expectations have damaged its credibility• Available 2 years latter than expected• Interoperability problems with early products• Interference from other products in the ISM band• Future Technologies Promise Lower Power, Lower Latency

– wireless USB

Why ISM at 2.4 GHz?• The ISM band at 2.4 GHz fits the Bluetooth goals of

– global applicability– low power– high aggregate capacity

• The overriding reason for the selection of the 2.4 GHz band is that it is one of the few bands that is truly available globally

• Bluetooth implements a frequency hopping scheme to minimize the effects of interference (FHSS) – 79, 1 MHz channels – 1600 hops per second– ARQ and FEC schemes are part of the standard

Wireless Wired Bluetooth Home RF 802.11b Infrared HomePNA Power Line

Technology Positioning

Cable replacement and

Ad hoc networking for mobile devices

Networking in the Home,

Anytime / Anywhere

connectivity

Networking in the SOHO and

Enterprise Markets

Point to point data transport

and Cable replacement

Networking of fixed location devices using

telephone lines

Networking of fixed location devices using power lines

Services Offered

Data and Voice

Data and Voice

Data only Data only Data only Data only

Data Rate ( Mbps )

1 Mbps 1.6 Mbps 11 Mbps 100Kbps - 1 Mbps

1 – 10 Mbps 30 Kbps – 1 Mbps

Range 0 – 10m / 100m 100m 30m 0 – 3m / 5m Fixed Fixed

Occupied Band

2.4Ghz ISM Band

2.4Ghz ISM Band

2.4Ghz ISM Band

Optical n / a n / a

Access Method

FHSS FHSS DSSS n / a n / a n / a

Pro’s Inexpensive Mobility Voice service Robust

performance

Mobility Voice service Good Range

High Data Rate Line of sight = good security

Inexpensive

Inexpensive No new wires PC’s near

phone jacks

Price/ Performance

AC outlets everywhere

Con’s Short Range Expensive & less robust

compared to Bluetooth

High cost for SOHO market

Line of Sight diminishes ease of use

Operability is not simple

No mobility EC Regulatory

Issues N.America based

solution only

Interference / noise on the power lines

Regulatory Issues Shared media

Bluetooth SIG

Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)

• Founded in 1998 with Charter to Promote Widespread Commercial Acceptance of Bluetooth Wireless Technology

• Not-For-Profit Trade Association, Bluetooth SIG, Inc.

• Requires Members to Accept SIG Legal and Trade Mark License Agreements

• Bluetooth SIG Members

– Promoter Members: Ericsson, Nokia, Toshiba, Intel, IBM, Motorola, 3COM, Microsoft, Lucent (now Agere Systems)

– Associate / Adopter Members: Over 2,000 Companies• Associate Members pay $7,000 (<$100M in rev) & $40,000 (>$100M in rev) per year• Adopter Member pays no fees but cannot participate in

Working Groups and Expert Groups

Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)• Bluetooth (SIG) Maintains Product Core Specification and Profile

Specifications – Specs can be found at www.bluetooth.com

• SIG Coordinates Un-PlugFest Sessions for Testing Interoperability – Unplugfest-10 held in San Francisco February 10th – 14th

• Sponsers Bluetooth Developers Conference– Dec 12th – 14th in San Jose, CA

• Administers the Bluetooth Qualification Program– Policy Making is handled by the Bluetooth Qualification Review Board

(BQRB)– Policy Execution is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Administrator

(BQA), responsible to the BQRB– Testing and Reporting is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Test

Facility (BQTF) – currently 15 recognized by SIG– Product Listing is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB)

after product meets specification – 33 recognized

Bluetooth SIG Delegation

Bluetooth SIG

Bluetooth Qualification Administrator

(BQA)

Bluetooth Qualification Test

Facility (BQTF)

Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB)

Bluetooth Qualification

Body (BQB)

Bluetooth Technical

Advisory Board (BTAB)

Bluetooth Architecture Overview

Bluetooth Technical Overview

• BT supports 1 Mbit/sec data rates – divided between data and voice channels.

– Capable of supporting one asymmetric data channel and up to 3 voice channels or one channel supporting both voice and data.

– Effective Asymmetric Data Rate is 780K (721K up, 56K down) or 432.6K symmetric data rate.

• Networks of BT Devices are supported, Piconet (1 to 8 devices – 1 master up to 7 slave devices), multiple Piconets (Scatternets) also supported in BT specification.

• BT Supports 3 Output Power Classes

• BT Supports Multiple Power Saving Modes – Hold, Sniff, Park

Bandwidth

• The raw Bluetooth data rate is 1Mbit/s – Bandwidth required for packet overheads , access code,

header etc– Optimise by using larger slot packets– Same overhead, more payload

Access Header Payload Guard

1 Slot 1/3 Data

3 Slot 7/9 Data

5 Slot 13/15 Data

Slot based

• The air interface supports multi-slot packets– The lightest SCO (voice link) reserves every 3rd slot– Significantly reduced throughput

t

t

f(k) f(k + 1) f(k + 2)625S

f(k + 3) f(k + 4) f(k + 5) f(k + 6)

f(k + 3) f(k + 4) f(k + 5) f(k + 6)

f(k + 5) f(k + 6)

t

The Piconet

• Point to Multipoint• 1 master with up to a maximum of 7 active slaves• A Piconet can have many slaves in Park mode• Any member of a Piconet can be part of another Piconet (Scatternet)

MasterSlave

Power Classes

• Bluetooth allows for different classes of transmitter output power

Class 3

Class 2

Class 1

Mandatory Power Control

2520151050-5-10-15

Max Transmit Power / dBm

1 0 [1mW]3

10 +5 [2.5mW]2

100+20 [100mW]1

Range [meters]max Output Pwr [dBm]Power Class

• Power saving modes– To ensure that connected devices do not remain Active

at all times 3 power savings modes have been defined:» HOLD» SNIFF» PARK

– Allows for large networks to be formed with Active devices selected only when required.

Hold mode

• In Hold mode a slave is required to temporarily halt transmission– Hold mode is typically used when a Master is establishing a link

with a new device

t

t

LMPHold

Hold time

Sniff mode

• In Sniff mode a slave enters a low duty cycle mode of operation– but is still an active member of the piconet– Master can only transmit after ‘sniff’ interval

t

t

LMPSniff

Sniff time Sniff time

Park mode

• In Park mode a slave enters a low duty cycle mode of operation– and is no longer an active member of the piconet

t

t

LMPPark

Park time Park time

Beaco

n

Beaco

n

Voice and Data

• The air interface supports two basic bearer type:• Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) -

Data– packet switching– asynchronous, (a)symmetric services– polling access scheme

• Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) - Audio

– circuit switched– symmetric synchronous services– slot reservation at fixed intervals

Mode of operation• The Bluetooth specification includes modes of

operation that allow devices to find other devices and be found

Inquiry mode – allows for a device to discover the Bluetooth device

addresses of other Bluetooth devices that are within range

Inquiry Scan mode– makes a device available to be discovered Active mode– The device is continuously active (always discoverable)

• The Bluetooth specification also allows filters to be specified thus limiting the discoverability of devices

Establishing a connection

• The Bluetooth specification includes modes of operation that allow devices to perform a connection to any devices found during an inquiry.

Page mode – Allows a connection to be established

Page Scan mode– makes a connection possible

• Private devices need not enter Inquiry Scan mode at all, a device pre-programmed with a specific Bluetooth address can bypass inquiry and go straight to paging

Master – slave switch

• The Bluetooth Specification defines a mechanism whereby the Bluetooth device that is the master of a link can be changed

– The master slave switch can be initiated by either the master or the slave

Initiating LM LM

LMP_Switch_Request

LMP_Accepted

The challenges for co-existing networks

• If networks are to coexist successfully they need to achieve:– Connection time – Data rates– Quality of service (particularly audio quality)– Ease of use

• Some functions will still be best served by wires!

Typical Bluetooth Module

Flash

Crystal

Other Components

BB/RF IC

Other Components - Active

• LNA• Used to improve the receive sensitivity• NF < 2dB• G = 10 to 15dB• Integrated or discrete solutions are available

• PA• Used for Class 1 operation• Around 20-30dB gain required, with 23dBm

saturated power

2nd Half 2003 Today

10x10x1.0mm (+ Antenna) 7x7x1.0mm (+ Antenna)

1st Half of 2003

15x15x1.4mm (+ Antenna)

BC02

49CSP

Evolution of Bluetooth Hardware Modules

Die Shrink & Integration

Protocol Overview

Protocol Layers

Link Control

• Link Control hardware implements the RF, Baseband, & Link Manger portions of the BT specification.– Establishes Connections, error control, and authentication – Performs low level device discovery, link setup &

configuration– Link managers on separate devices communicate via Link

Management Protocol– Provides Host Control Interface (HCI) connection

• Host Controller Interface– Used to isolate BT hardware from transport protocol such as RS-232, USB,

UART, SPI

Link Protocols

• L2CAP Protocol (Logical Link Control & Adaptation Protocol)– Provides interface to link controller – Provides protocol multiplexing, segmentation & re-assembly of

packets, negotiation & QOS between devices – Lower priority than LMP packets

• Telephony Control Protocol (TCS)– Provides voice and data control, group management, and

connectionless control

• Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)– Provides means for determining what BT services are available on a specific

devices

• RFCOMM– Simple transport protocol providing serial data transfer

Bluetooth Profile & Product Overview

Profile Structure

D O C U M E N T T Y P E

T y p e U n i t O r D e p a r t m e n t H e r eT y p e Y o u r N a m e H e r e T y p e D a t e H e r e

G e n e r i c A c c e s s P r o f i l e

S e r v i c e D i s c o v e r yA p p l i c a t i o n P r o f i l e

T C S B i n a r y b a s e d p r o f i l e s

C o r d l e s sT e l e p h o n y P r o f i l e

I n t e r c o m P r o f i l e

S e r i a l P o r t P r o f i l e

D i a l - u p N e t w o r k i n gP r o f i l e

F a x P r o f i l e

G e n e r i c O b j e c t E x c h a n g eP r o f i l e

L A N A c c e s s P r o f i l e

F i l e T r a n s f e rP r o f i l e

O b j e c t P u s h P r o f i l e

S y n c h r o n i z a t i o nP r o f i l e

H e a d s e t P r o f i l e

H a n d s - F r e e P r o f i l e

• The Bluetooth profile structure contains numerous dependencies as depicted in this Figure.

• A profile is dependent upon another profile if it re-uses parts of that profile, by implicitly or explicitly referencing it.

• A profile has dependencies on the profile(s) in which it is contained directly and indirectly.

Keyboards, Mice, Remotes, ScannersHuman Interface (HID)

Cordless Phone Usage – In Home & Enterprise1.1Cordless Telephony (CTP)

Ad Hoc Networking0.95 Personal Network Access (PAN)

Computer, PDA 1.1File Transfer (FTP)

Used by file transfer and Synch Profiles1.1Generic Object Exchange (GOEP)

Wireless Synchronization (phonebook, calendar, notes)1.1Synchronization (IrMC4 based)

Wireless Fax Capability / PC’s, PDA, CellPhones1.1Fax

Wireless Data Access / PC’s, PDA, CellPhones1.1Dialup Networking (DUN)

Wireless Headsets, Wireless Carkits, Cellphones1.1Headset

Required Profiles: Service Discovery, Generic Access1.1Bluetooth Core (SDP, GAP)

Automotive, Distributed Computing0.95Phone Access (PAP)

Stereo Headset, A/V Usage

Automotive

Wireless Printing

Still Camera

Description - Uses

0.95Audio Distribution/Remote Control

0.95SIM Access (SAP)

0.95aPrinting (BPP)

0.95cBasic Imaging (BIP)

Automotive Applications, Speaker Phone, Headset0.96Handsfree (HFP)

VersionFunction / Profile

Bluetooth Profiles

0.95

Shipping Phone Products

• 8910– Spec 1.1– Headset AG– DUN GW– Fax GW– Handsfree 0.96– GSM GPRS 900/1800

• 6310i– Spec 1.1– Headset AG– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– Fax GW– Handsfree AG– GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900

• 6310– Spec 1.1– Headset AG– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– Fax GW– GSM GPRS 900/1800

• 7650– Spec 1.1– OPP Client– OPP Server– FTP Server– DUN GW– Fax GW

Nokia

Motorola

• T280i – Spec 1.1

– Headset AG

– OPP Client

– OPP Server

– DUN GW

– Fax GW

– HFP 0.96

– GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900

Philips

• Fisio 820 - (Cellon)– Spec 1.1

– Headset AG

– OPP Client

– OPP Server

– DUN GW

– Fax GW

– GSM GPRS 900/1800

SonyEricsson

• P80x– Spec 1.1– Headset AG– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– GSM 900/1800/1900

• T68i– Spec 1.0b– Headset AG– Sync Server– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– Fax GW– Handsfree AG – GSM 900/1800/1900

Sharp

• SH2101V– Spec 1.1– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– WCDMA

• SHP0006– Spec 1.1– OPP Client– OPP Server– DUN GW– PHS

Sony Vaio

Computers: (DUN, FAX, FTP, GOEP, LAN)

Compaq EVO N400-CIBM

• Cameras (BIP)– Sony – DSC-FX77

(available Nov 2003)

• PDAs– Toshiba Pocket PC E570

+ Toshiba Bluetooth SDIO– IPAQ 3910– Palm

Cameras & PDAs

Wireless Headsets (Headset Profile migrating to Handsfree Profile)

Motorola BTHS Nokia HDW-2 BlueSpoon Jabra BT-300

Ericsson HBH-60 Ericsson HBH-30

Computer Peripherals

• Bluetooth enabled USB dongles & PC Cards (TDK, Xircom, 3COM and many more)

• Bluetooth enabled Keyboards, Mice & printer adapters (Logitech, Microsoft, HP etc) – Serial & HID profile support

Summary

• Bluetooth got off to a slow start but Momentum is Building

• Key Revenue Generators Today are Audio related (Headsets & In-Vehicle Applications) and Data Related

• Currently 819 Qualified Products listed on the SIG web site, more added daily

• For Further BT V1.1 Specification and Profile details, go to www.bluetooth.com