bluetooth introduction
DESCRIPTION
Bluetooth Introduction. Guoxin Zheng School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University. Architecture Overview. Overview Technically Topology Radio/Baseband Protocol stack Modules&Silicon Development Kits Qualification. 400. 100%. 36. 36. 80%. Replacement. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Bluetooth Introduction
Guoxin ZhengSchool of Communicationand Information EngineeringShanghai University
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Architecture Overview
•Overview•Technically•Topology•Radio/Baseband•Protocol stack•Modules&Silicon•Development Kits•Qualification
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World Penetration
50100150200250300350400
1998
2000
2002
2004
Phones Smart Phones
4228 21 16
2237
21 2324 17 16 20
36 3658 61 67
82 73 75 70
9 7 10 9 1011
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
April-M
ay 9
6
Aug-Sep
t 96
Dec-J
an 9
6/97
April-M
ay 9
7
Aug-Sep
t 97
Dec-J
an 9
7/98
Feb-M
arch
98
April-M
ay 9
8
June-
July
98
EntryMidHigh
*70% of total sales volume Source: GFK retailer panelSource: Ericsson official forecast
Replacement
2003
400
100
Market Penetration 1997 & 1998
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Add. 98
1997
(est.)
Industry Forecast in million phones
Source;Ericsson
All (SP,GER, UK, FRA, ITA) - % Distribution by Price segment of Total Sales Volume*(units)
1995
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Forecast Worldwide Sales 2005M
illio
n un
its
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
mobile phones
mobile accessories
portable computers and PDA’s
desktop PCs
desktop accessories
printers
cordless phones
telephone answering devices
TV/VCR/DVD
CD-player
Mobile devices Desktop devices Consumer electronics
Source: IDC, Strategy Analytics, Ericsson, Silver Institute
Internet connection device
cameras & misc.Remote control
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The Future?• Mobile phones is by far the largest segment within Mobile Devices
– 250 million mobile phones will be sold year 2000
– 630 million mobile phones will be sold year 2005
• Desktop PCs is the largest segment in Desktop Devices
– 80 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2000
– 140 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2005
• Cordless phones is the largest segment in Consumer Electronics Devices
– 150 million cordless phones will be sold year 2000
– 350 million cordless phones will be sold year 2005
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Personal Ad-hoc Networks
Cable Replacement
Landline
Data/Voice Access Points
What does Bluetooth do for you?
“Usage Models”
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“Design a radio to replace the cable and its connectors…”
• Design Goals– Small implementation size– Low implementation cost – Low power consumption– Secure and robust for open ISM band
• Challenges– Fast frequency hopping– Single chip integration
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Global Operation
Industrial - Scientific - Medical
80 MHz at 2.45 GHz
Globally available
Unlicensed and free to use
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Unprecedented Cross Industry Commitment
• Special Interest Group
– Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba
• And today there are more than 2000 Bluetooth adopters...
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Technically Speaking . . .
Bluetooth Module
• Small Size– 0.5 square inches in production
– Eventually moving to a single chip solution
• Low power– 2.7V (1.62 - 2.75V)
– 300 A standby, 30 A in sleep, 60 A hold/park
– 3 - 30 mA when transmitting
– 1 or 100 mW active power
• Low Price– $25 projected to come down to around $5 OE
M integration cost• Designed for CMOS single chip solution
Bluetooth Radio
BluetoothBluetooth
Bluetooth Link Controller
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Technical Features• 2.4 GHz ISM Open band
– Globally free available frequency, 89 MHz of spectrum available– FFH/DS Hybrid Radio
• 10 -100 m range, personal bubble – 8 active devices per piconet (share datarate)– Up to 10 piconets in bubble (full datarate)
• 1 Mbps gross rate – Future version: 2 Mbps
• Simultaneous voice/data capable– 432 Kbps (full duplex), 721/56 Kbps (asymmetric)– or– 3 simultaneous full duplex voice per piconet (CVSD@64 Kbps).– or a combination of data and voice
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Battery Life Time• Estimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and internal amplifier,
power will vary with implementation and application
• Low power consumption– Standby current 0.3 mA
• > 3 months
– Voice mode 10 mA (one voice channel)• > 60 hours
– Data mode average 6 mA (20% utilization) • > 100 hours
• Low Power Architecture– Programmable data length (else radio sleeps)– Hold and Park modes 60 µA
• Devices connected but not participating
• Device can participate within 2 ms
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Robust Data and Voice Transfer
• Bluetooth is designed to be robust
• Open band interference is negotiated by:– 1600 frequency hops/s
– Short and flexible data packets
– Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
– Forward Error Correction (FEC)
– 16 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check
– Speech coding:• Continuos Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD)
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Bluetooth Scalable Security• Provides link layer security between any two Bluetooth radios
• Authentication (E1 algorithm)
– Challenge/Response system
• Encryption (privacy)
– Encrypts data between two devices
– Stream cipher with E0 algorithm
• Key management and usage
– Configurable Encryption key length (0-16 bytes)
• Government export regulations
• Radio negotiate key size
– Key generation with E2-E3 algorithms• Authentication and Encryption keys
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Topology• Radio range has two varieties
• Short range (10 meters or less)– 0 dBm radio, 1mW
– Optimized for short range devices• Headset, Mouse, Keyboard, etc. ...
• Longer range (100 meters or less)– 20 dBm radio, 100 mW
– Module has a power amplifier built-in
– Optimized for devices changing environments• Notebooks, cellphones, access points, etc. …
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Topology• Radio/Baseband
– Master/Slave medium access
– Radio/Baseband is symmetric
– Connected devices can be master or slave
– Could be master and slave concurrently
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• Piconet
– All devices in a piconet hop together
– Frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters ID
– Phase of the frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters clock
Topology
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• Piconet
– Point to Point
– Point to Multipoint
– No base station is needed
– 8 concurrent devices
– More than 200 active devices
– 1 Mb/s gross rate
Topology
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• Scatternet
– Devices can share piconets
– Interpiconet communication
– Instant Ad-hoc connections
– 10 Piconets
– Aggregated 10 Mb/s
Topology
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• Mobile Topology
– All device are mobile
– Walknet:
– The whole piconet cell is mobile
– Make and Brake Connections
Topology
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Topology, Scatternet
master
slave 1
slave 2
slave 3
master
slave 4
slave 5
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Frequency HoppingMaster MasterMaster MasterMaster
0
1
2
3
4
5
78
73
74
75
76
77
6
A1
A2
A4
B1
B2
2402
B3
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2480
2479
2478
2477
2476
2475
A3
MHz
7 4
5
16 2
2400 Mz 2483.5 M z
3
Frequency Density
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Inquiry Page
C onnectedAMA
T ransm itdataAMA
T typ ica l=0.6s
T typ ica l=2s
H O LDAMA
PAR KPMA
T typ ica l=2 m s T typ ica l=2 m s
R e leasesA M A
A ddress
Low Pow erStates
ActiveStates
Standby
ConnectingStates
UnconnectedStandby
Det
ach
Connection Procedure• Standby
– Waiting to join a piconet
• Inquire– Finding devices
• Page– Connect to a known device
• Connected– Actively on a piconet (master
or slave)
• Park/Hold– Low Power connected states
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Page and Inquire Scans
• A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires (also in connected state)
InquireScan
Page Scan
T typ ica l=1.25Sleep
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
Standby
InquireScan
Page Scan
T typ ica l=1.25C onnected
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
T typ ica l=11 m s18 s lo ts
Connected
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Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Con
trol
RF
Com
m
HID
TC
P/I
P
Still Image Obex
vCard
WAP
vCal
Basic
Provided
Adapted
Ap
plic
atio
n F
ram
ew
ork
RadioBaseband
Link Man.
L2CAP
Aud
io
HCIHCI
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Ericsson Bluetooth CoreFunctional Partitioning
SRAMSRAM
FlashFlash
BASEBAND
Link Control
BASEBAND
Link Control
RADIO
RF Section
RADIO
RF Section
CPU
Link Manager
CPU
Link ManagerHost
Interface
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TX-balun
RX-balun
SwitchRF IC Antenna
Filter
VCO-tank
LPfilter
PASwitch
Control &data
Filters and baluns integrated into LTCC substrate RF IC flip chip mounted Laser trimming used to optimize performance 100mW optional version with PA and Optional Gain Control (- 30 to +20 dBm) Small outline BGA type package
– 1mW: 10.2 x 14 x 1.6 mm – 100mW: 10.2 x 16 x 1.6 mm
Radio Module
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First Complete Module
RadioRadioLinkController
LinkController (Optional)
FlashFlashHost interface USBUART/PCM
PAPA
Antenna
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First Complete ModuleKey Features
• FCC type approved
• Interface through USB, UART or PCM
• Bluetooth 1.0 pre-certified
• USB 1.1 compliant (Voice and Data)
• Small size, 33x17x3.36 mm
• Generic SW (HCI, L2CAP, RFCOMM)
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Complete Module SW-stack
L2CAP
Radio
BaseBand
Link Manager
HCI
HCI
Higher Layers
Bluetooth host
Bluetooth completemodule
Ericsson Bluetooth Core
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What is the Developer’s Kit?
Blu e to o th Radio Bas eband Firmw are
Blu e to o th Radio Bas eband Firmw are
Win 98 PC SerialInterface
Bluetooth Developer KitHardware
• Demonstrator of Bluetooth technology
• Starter kit for product development
• Application software development platform
• Increase integration with option to do embedded SW
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Global Market
Qualification Program Regulatory Type Approval
Bluetooth Devices
&Bluetooth Identity 'License to sell'
Qualification and Type Approval
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Manufacturer
Blue-tooth Quali-
fication Body
AuthorizedTest houses
Qualification Program - Concept
Bluetooth Administrative
Instance
Product including documentation and declaration (ICS)
Feedback
Logo approval
Test results
Authorize
Accreditation
Preliminary!
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Bluetooth Moves Fast...
Web sites for latest news• www.bluetooth.com• www.ericsson.se/bluetooth• WWW.bluetoothinchina.com
ENDEND
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