bls_1155_1954.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1953

Bulletin No. 1155UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

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Union Wages and Hours:

Printing Industry

July 1, 1953

Bulletin No. 1155UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Gorernment Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 centsDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Letter of Transmittal

UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR,Bureau of Labor S tatistics,

Washington, D. C . , February 19, 1954.

The S ecretary of Labor:

I have the honor to transm it herewith the annual report on union wages and hours for em ployees in the printing industry in 53 c ities as of July 1, 1953.

The inform ation presented in this report was based on data obtained p rim arily from loca l union o ffic ia ls by m ail questionnaire. S ca les for the various trades in individual cities in e ffect on July 1, 1953, and July 1, 1952, w ereissued by Regional O ffices of the Bureau shortly after sca le data becam e ava ila ble for all printing trades within a particu lar city . L oca l sca les w ere re leased during July and August 1953 for many of the c ities studied. A national re lease sum m arizing the data for individual cra fts was issued in D ecem ber 1953.

In addition to presenting regional and national data, this bulletin a lso brings together the scale data for the various cities as part o f the annual report which becom es the permanent re co rd of the study.

This report was prepared in the Bureau1 s D ivision o f Wages and Industria l Relations by Alexander M oros.

Ewan Clague, C om n^issioner.

Hon. Jam es P . M itchell,S ecretary of Labor.


Contents

P a g e

S u m m a ry ............................................ ......................................................................................... 1Scope and method o f study ............................................................................................... 1Trend of union wage sca les . . . Rate variations by type of w ork City and regional variations . . .Standard w o rk w e e k ......... ................Union sca les by city and trade

Tables:

1. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in the printingtrades, 1907-53 ........................ 4

2. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in each printingtrade, 1907-53 ................................................................................................... 5

3. P ercen t in creases in union wage rates and percent of unionprinting trades w orkers affected, July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953.................................................................................... 7

4. C en ts -p er-h ou r in crea ses in union wage rates and percent o funion printing trades w orkers affected , July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953 ...................................................................................................... 7

5. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing industry,July 1, 1953, and in crea ses in rates, July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953 ....................................................................................................... 8

6. In creases in union wage rates in the printing trades by city,region , and industry branch, July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1 9 5 3 . . . . 9

7. D istribution of union m em bers in the printing trades by hourlywage rates and by trade, July 1, 1953 .............................................. 10

8. A verage uiiion hourly wage rates in the printing trades by cityand population group, July 1, 1953 ........................................................ 11

9. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades byregion , and by trade, July 1, 1953 .......................................................... 12

10. D istribution of union m em bers in the printing trades bystraight-tim e weekly hours, July 1, 1953 .......................................... 13

11. Indexes o f union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-53 . . 13

12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1 9 0 7 - 5 3 . . . 14

13. Union sca les o f wages and hours in the printing trades in 53c itie s , July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953 16

4 ^OJ

to to


Union Wages and Hours in the Printing Industry,July 1, 1953

Summary

Hourly wage sca les in labor-m anagem ent agreem ents covering printing-trades w orkers in cities with a population of 100,000 or m ore advanced, on the average, 9 .9 cents an hour in the 12-month period ending July 1, 1953,according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics forty -six th annual survey of union sca les in the printing industry. The advances averaged 9. 3 cents an hour in book and job (com m ercia l) establishm ents and 11. 1 cents in newspaper plants.

About nine-tenths o f the w orkers in each type of establishm ent had their sca les adjusted upward during the year. The negotiated increases varied from 10 to 15 cents an hour for tw o-fifths o f these w orkers and from 5 to 10 cents for a slightly sm aller proportion .

The average hourly union scale for all printing trades studied was $ 2 .5 8 on July 1, 1953; the level in com m ercia l shops was $2.44 and in newspaper plants, $ 2 .8 7 . D ay-shift scales in newspaper establishm ents averaged $2 .76 an hour, 13 percent above day sca les in com m ercia l shops.

There was no consistent pattern of rate d ifferences in important jobs com m on to both com m ercia l and newspaper printing. The average day-w ork scale for com positors in new spaper plants was 9 cents above the level for those in com m ercia l shops; sca les for photoengravers and stereotypers, how ever, averaged 18 and 21 cents higher, respectively , in com m ercia l shops.

The standard weekly hours rem ained unchanged during the year and averaged 37. 1 hours, the same as recorded in each o f the two previous annual studies. A 37V2-hour straight-tim e workweek was m ost typical and was stipulated in labor-m anagem ent contracts covering half of the printing-trades w orkers in the study.

Scope and Method of Study

Union sca les are defined as the minimum wage sca les or maximum schedules of hours agreed upon through co llective bargaining b e tween trade unions and em ployers. Rates in

excess of the negotiated minimum, which may be paid for specia l qualifications or other reasons, are not included.

The inform ation presented in this report was based on union sca les in effect on July 1, 1953, and covered approxim ately 127,000 printing-trades w orkers in 53 cities with populations of 100,000 or m ore . Data w ere obtained prim arily from loca l union officia ls by mail questionnaire; in som e instances, Bureau rep resentatives visited loca l union o ffic ia ls to obtain the desired inform ation.

The current survey d iffers in several im portant respects from previous annual surveys of wage sca les in the printing-trades industry. F irs t, the lim ited funds available for wage surveys necessitated a reduction from 77 to 53 in the number of cities to be covered . The current survey was designed to represent union wage sca les in all cities o f 100,000 or m ore population. A ll cities with a half m illion or m ore population w ere included, but som e cities in the population groups o f 250, 000 to 500,000 and 100,000 to 250,000 w ere om itted . Second, weights w ere assigned to som e of the loca lities surveyed in order to com pensate for those which were not surveyed. An upward bias existed in past surveys because a gre? .r proportion of la rger cities than of sm designed to show current lev e ls , are based on all sca les r e ported in effect on July 1, 1953, weighted by the number o f union m em bers receiv ing that rate. These averages are not designed for c lose y ea r-to -y e a r com parisons because of fluctuations in m em bership and in c la ss if ica tions studied.

( i )Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2The reduction in the number of c ities co v ered and the change in the method of com putation had only a m inor effect on the amount of change between two consecutive periods, and virtually no effect on the index series .

Trend of Union Wage Scales

Rate rev isions in the printing trades b e tween July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953, w ere prim arily the result of negotiations on contract reopening or expiration. Contracts were usually o f l-yea r*s duration. Som e, however, were negotiated fo r a longer period . Interim or deferred increases w ere specified in som e agreem ents and provision s for wage reopenings w ere contained in others. E scalator clauses linking rate changes to the movem ent o f the BL.S Consumer P r ice Index w ere also em bodied in som e contracts.

During the year ending July 1, 1953, union hourly sca les of printing-trades w orkers increased 4 percent, advancing this Bureau index to 123.5 (table 1). This in crease , while sm aller than the 5.7 percent advance reg istered in the 12 months ending July 1, 1952, approxim ated the 4 .2 -percen t gain between July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1951, and was alm ost double the 2 .1 - percent rise recorded between July 1, 1949,and July 1, 1950.

Although scale advances in the year ending July 1, 1953, averaged 4 percent for both co m m ercia l and newspaper printing, the average cen ts-per-h ou r increase was greater in new spaper plants than in book and job s h o p s - - l l . l cents com pared with 9.3 cents. Rates in new spaper plants advanced an average of 10.8 cents for daywork and 11.3 cents for nightwork (table 5).

Average hourly increases varied from 9 to 11.5 cents for 8 of the 12 trades studied in com m ercia l shops; bindery women and photoengravers reg istered the sm allest and largest ga in s --5 . 9 and 13.3 cents, re sp e c tively. The upward wage movem ent in new spaper establishm ents was led by pressm en - in -charge whose average scale increased by 14.8 cents an hour. Most of the other crafts in this branch of the industry received increases averaging between 10 and 11 cents. Scales for nightwork advanced slightly m ore than for daywork in all crafts except p ressm en -in - c'harge.

By region, average increases for all printing trades com bined varied from 7. 1 cents on the P a cific Coast to 12 cents in the Great Lakes region. In practica lly all reg ions, the

increases during the year ending July 1, 1953, averaged le ss than those recorded during the previous 12-month period* Scale advances in the newspaper printing trades were generally higher than those in com m ercia l shops.

On July 1, 1953, labor-m anagem ent con tracts covering printing-trades w orkers of varying skills in cities with a population of 100,000 or m ore specified wage rates ranging from under $1. 10 to over $3. 50 an hour. Half of the covered w orkers, however, had negotiated sca les ranging from $2.50 to $3.00 an hour; three-tenths had rates o f less than $2.50 and a fifth, rates of $3 or m ore (table 7).

The results of w age-sca le changes in the past 4 years are reflected in a com parison of rate levels in effect on July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1953. In m id -1949, seven-tenths of the printing-trades w orkers studied had sca les of less than $ 2 .50 an hour; sca les of $2 .50 to $3.00 prevailed for slightly over a fourth .

In book and job shops, a m ajority of the w orkers had rates of $2.40 to $3.00 an hour and slightly over a third had sca les of less than $ 2 .4 0 . Women bindery w orkers con stituted the only group whose rates were all below $1 .80 an hour; nearly three-fourths of these w orkers had sca les between $1.20 and $1.50. Photoengravers in com m ercia l shops , the highest paid craft surveyed, had union rates of at least $2.40 an hour and for approxim ately tw o-fifths of these em ployees, the con tract scale was $3 .50 or m ore.

In newspaper plants, wage sca les varying between $2.40 and $3.00 an hour were sp ec ified in union contracts covering four-fifths of the w orkers on the day shift and slightly over half of those on the night shift. Rates of $3 or m ore prevailed for about a seventh of the dayw orkers and tw o-fifths of the nightworkers. About a fourth of the m ailers had sca les of less than $2 .40 an hour; in other c la ss if ica tions in newspaper printing, less than 5 p e r cent had such sca les .

Rate Variations by Type of Work

Because of the variations in work p e r form ed, the com position of the work fo rce in each of the two types of printing establish ments d iffers m aterially . C om m ercia l (book and job) shops produce many item s, often in large quantities, whereas newspaper plants are geared to the production of a single item which is constantly changing and is less durable. Thus, in com m ercia l shops, a substantial p ro portion of the work force con sists of bindery


3women and press assistants and feeders , who typically p erform less skilled routine opera tions; in newspaper plants, however, journeymen are required in proportionately greater numbers to meet daily demands. These d ifferences are reflected in the resultant average rates for com m ercia l and newspaper shops which take into account the number and p ro portions of printing-trades w orkers em ployed at various rates of pay.

On July 1, 1953, union hourly sca les of printing-trades w orkers averaged $2.44 in book and job (com m ercial) shops, com pared with $2.87 in newspaper plants. D ay-shift w orkers on newspapers averaged $2.76 and nightwork- e rs , $2.97 (table 5). The daywork sca les on newspapers averaged about 13 percent above the level for com m ercia l shops and 7 percent below the average for nightwork on new spapers. The number o f w orkers norm ally em ployed on night shifts in book and job shops was too sm all to y ield significant resu lts; th erefore , this group was excluded from the study.

Average hourly rates o f individual trades in com m ercia l shops ranged from $ 1 .3 8 for bindery women to $3/22 for photoengravers, and in newspaper plants from $2.55 for m ailers to $3. 15 for photoengravers.

The average scale for nightworkers on newspapers ($2 .97 ) was 21 cents above that for dayw orkers ($2.76). The differentials fa voring nightwork amounted to 17 cents for hand and machine com positors , 14 cents for machine tenders (m achinists), ahd from 23 to 32 cents for the other printing trades studied.

City and Regional Variations

If the wage sca les for all union w orkers in the printing trades for a particu lar area are averaged, som e idea is obtained of the general level o f rates for organized printing em ployees in that area. Separate averages for the book and job and newspaper branches of the industry are shown in table 8 for the 53 cities included in the present report, and in table 9 by region.

The city and regional averages presented in tables 8 and 9 are designed to show current levels and do not m easure d ifferences in a verage union sca les among areaiT D ifferences in rates among areas do exist, as a com parison of sca les for individual crafts w ill ind icate. The city and regional averages shown in tables 8 and 9, however, are influenced not only by rate d ifferen ces, but also by d ifferences in

the proportions o f organized w orkers in the various cra fts . Such d ifferen ces in proportions may arise in severa l ways. To illustrate: (l) A particu lar craft m ay not be organized at all in som e areas or may be organized le ss intensively in som e areas than in others; and (2) certain types of work are found in som e areas but not in others, or are found to a greater extent in som e areas than in others. For exam ple, som e types of pressw ork are found in Chicago but not in Denver; b indery w ork may be relatively m ore important in one area than another. B ecause o f such d ifferen ces, it is possib le for union rates for particu lar crafts in two areas to be identical but for average rates to d iffer .

N evertheless, the presentation o f average rates for union w orkers by city or area answ ers a significant question: Given the co m position of the union labor fo rce , what is the general level o f negotiated sca les for union m em bers in book and job or newspaper printing in city A , B , or C? Such data provide insight into the level of wages that organized w orkers have achieved in the printing industry in p a rticular areas; s im ilarly , averages for ferrous foundry w orkers , for exam ple, reveal the general level of rates fo r such em ployees.

In table 8, cities are grouped by size c la sse s . Average union rates show a distinct tendency to vary d irectly by size o f city, ch iefly because sca les for particu lar cra fts tend to vary in this m anner. In book and job printing, the average for the cities with 100,000 to 250,000 population was $2. 20; the average increased to $2.61 for the la rg e s t-s ize group of cities (1 ,000 ,000 population and over). In the case of new spapers, the d ifference in a verage rates was negligible as between size groups II (500,000 to 1,000,000) and III (250,000 to 500 ,000 ). H owever, the average in the sm allest-s ize group was distinctly low er, and in the la rg e s t-s ize group definitely higher, than in the two interm ediate groups. In both branches of printing, there was som e o v e r lapping o f average sca les as among cities in different size groups. In book and job , for exam ple, the average fo r P rovidence (100,000 to 250,000) was higher than the average for all but two of the cities shown in the next la rg e s t-s ize group.

On a regional b a s is , average union hourly rates ranged from $2.39 in the B order States to $2.75 on the P a cific Coast for all w orkers in the printing trades. In com m ercia l shops, union sca les averaged highest ($2 .66 ) in the P a cific region and low est ($2.09) in the Mountain States; and in new spapers, the highest and low est levels ($ 2 .9 4 and $2 .64) w ere in the Great Lakes and Southeast reg ions, r e spectively (table 9).Digitized for FRASER

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4Standard W orkweek

The straight-tim e workweek on July 1, 1953, averaged 37 .3 hours in book and job shops and 36.8 hours in newspaper establish m ents. Standard weekly schedules in new spaper plants averaged 37.2 hours for daywork and 36 .4 for nightwork. Although the p re dominant standard workweek stipulated in union agreem ents for both branches o f the industry was 37V2 hours, a 36*^-hour schedule was in effect for three-tenths o f the com m ercia l shop w orkers and a fifth o f those on new spapers. W eekly schedules o f 35 hours w ere m ore co m mon in newspaper plants; 40-hour schedules w ere m ore prevalent in com m ercia l shops (table 10).

Labor-m anagem ent agreem ents in new spaper plants usually specified a shorter w orkweek for the night shift than for the day shift.

Schedules o f 36V4 hours o r le ss w ere in effect for about a fifth o f the day-sh ift w orkers and about half o f those on the night shift.

On the w hole, scheduled weekly hours o f work in the printing industry have changed little since the im m ediate postw ar period 1945-47, when a fa irly w idespread m oderate reduction in weekly working tim e occu rred . In the past 5 years , the trend toward a shorter workweek has slackened and for the year ending July 1, 1953, the index o f union weekly hours rem ained unchanged from the previous year (table 11).

Union, Scales by C ity and Trade

Union sca les o f wages and hours in effect on July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953, for the individual trades in each of the 53 cities included in the study, are shown in Table 13.

TA B L E 1. --In d e x e s1 of union hourly wage scales in the printing trades, 1907-53

/ ja n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949= 1007

Year PrintingB o o kandjob

Newspaper Year PrintingB o o kandjo b

Newspaper

1907 May 1 5 ..................................... 0 15. 0 19. 4 1930 May 1 5 ..................................... 50. 6 50. 8 50. 01908 May 1 5 ..................................... (J 16. 6 20. 4 1931 May 15 .................................. 50. 8 51. 1 50. 11909 May 1 5 ..................................... (2) 17. 8 21. 3 1932 May 15 .................................. 50. 5 50. 6 50. 01910 May 15 ..................................... (2) 18. 8 22. 0 1933 May 15 .................................. 47. 5 47. 8 46. 81911 May 15 ..................................... 19. 9 19. 3 22. 4 1934 May 1 5 .................................. 48. 5 49. 1 47. 41912 May 1 5 .......................... .......... 20. 3 19. 6 22. 8 1935 May 15 .................................. 50. 3 50. 2 50. 3

1913:: May 1 5 ..................................... 20. 7 20. 0 23. 2 1936: May 15 .................................. 51. 5 51. 6 51. 01914: May 15 ..................................... 21. 0 20. 4 23. 5 1937: May 15 .................................. 53. 2 53. 3 52. 91915:: May 1 5 ..................................... 21. 2 20. 5 23. 6 1938: June 1 ............................................. 54. 9 55. 1 54. 31916: M a y 1 5 ............................. ... 2 1 .4 20. 8 23. 7 1939 55. 4 55. 5 55. 01917: y 1 ^ ...................................... 22. 1 21. 5 24. 3 1940: Tl in o | 56. 2 56. 0 56. 21918: M a y 15 ..................................... 24. 0 23. 9 25. 5 1941; Tnrwa 1 56. 8 56. 6 56. 9

1919 May 1 5 ..................................... 29. 4 29. 4 30. 8 1942 July 1 . . '................................ 59. 3 59. 1 5 9 .41920 May 1 5 ..................................... 37. 7 38. 4 37. 6 1943 July 1 ..................................... 61. 1 60. 7 6 1 .91921 May 1 5 ..................................... 41. 3 42. 2 40. 9 1944 July 1 ..................................... 62. 6 62. 3 63. 31922 May 1 5 ..................................... 41. 8 42. 4 41. 3 1945 July 1 ..................................... 63. 5 63. 1 64. 11923 May 1 5 ............................................. 43. 0 44. 1 41. 8 1946 July 1 ............................................. 74. 3 74. 2 74. 51924 May 1 5 ............................................. 45. 1 45. 9 44. 3 1948 Jan. 2 .......................................... 94. 3 94. 3 94. 3

1925 May 1 5 ................ .................... 45. 8 4 6 .4 45 . 1 1949 : July 1 ..................................... 105. 7 105. 7 105. 71926 May 1 5 ..................................... 46. 8 47. 4 46. 1 1950 : July 1 ................................... . 107. 9 108. 2 1 0 7 .41927 May 1 5 ..................................... 48. 2 48. 6 4 7 .4 1951 : July 1 ..................................... 112. 4 112. 1 112. 71928 May 15 ..................................... 49. 1 49. 2 48.6 1952 : July 1 ..................................... 118. 8 119. 3 117. 61929 May 1 5 ............................................. 49. 8 4 9 .9 49. 5 1953; July 1 ............................................. 123. 5 124. 0 122. 3

1 Index series designed for trend purposes; periodical changes in union scales are based on com parable quotations for the various occupations in consecutive periods weighted by number of union m em bers reported at each quotation in the current survey period.

2 Combined data for years 1907 -10 not available.


5TABLE 2. --Indexes 1 of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade, 1907-53

/Jan. 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949= 1007

BOOK AND JOB

Tear BinderywomenBook

binderComposi

tors,hand

Electro - typers

_ Machin< opera

tors

Machine 8 tenders

(machinists)

^MailersPhoto-

en-gravers

Press assist

ants and feeders

P ressmen,

cylinder

P ressmen,

platen

1907: May 1 5 ............................................ 16.7 17.9 17.1 20.3 13.0 18.4 17.31908: May 1 5 ............................................ - 18.5 17.. 9 17.1 21 .0 _ . - 14.4 19.3 17.91909: May 15 ........................................... - 18.7 17.9 17.2 21 .8 - - - 14.6 20.9 18.51910: May 15 . . . ................... ................. - 18.9 18.7 17.9 22.6 - - - 14.9 21.0 18.81911: May 1 5 .......................................... .. 19.2 19.2 18.9 22 .8 - - - 15.5 21.5 19.2

1912: May 1 5 ........................................ 19.3 19.6 19.2 23.4 22 .4 15.8 21.8 19.51913: May 1 5 ................... ........................ - 19.8 19.9 19.6 24 .0 22.8 - - 16. 1 22. 1 19.81914: May 1 5 ............................................ - 20.1 20 .4 20.5 24 .2 22.8 - - 16.6 22.6 20.21915: May 1 5 ............................................ 16.8 20 .2 20 .5 20.9 24.3 23 .0 _ 16.7 22.6 20.21916: May 1 5 ................................... .. 17.1 2 0 .2 20.9 21.5 24.3 23 .0 - 20.5 16.9 22.9 20.6

1917: May 1 5 ............................................ 18.3 21 .4 21 .3 22. 2 24.9 23 .5 22 .3 17.8 23.4 21.71918: May 1 5 ............................................ 20.4 24.1 23.5 23.3 26.9 25.8 - 23.6 20.8 25.9 23.91919: May 1 5 ............................................ 26.4 30 .8 28 .8 26.7 32 .5 31 .8 - 27.5 26.8 31.4 29.31920: May 1 5 ............................................ 36 .5 40 .4 37.9 38.2 41 .3 39.8 _ 38 .0 36.8 40 .8 39.71921: May 1 5 ............................................ 42 .6 44 .3 43 .4 44 .5 46 .8 46 .0 - 40 .5 39.8 45 .0 44.3

1922: May 1 5 ............................................ 4 1 .2 4 2 .5 4 4 .2 45 .4 46 .8 45 .5 40 .9 38.5 44 .0 43 .41923: May 1 5 .......................................... 43. 1 45 .1 4 5 .2 48 .2 47 .7 46 .4 - 41 .3 43 .2 47 .5 45 .21974: May 1 5 ............................ ................ 43 .7 47.1 47 .3 50.0 49 .7 48 .4 - 4 4 .2 42 .8 48.9 46.619ai: May 1 5 .......................................... 4 4 .2 47.6 47 .0 49 .8 49 .7 48 .5 - 45 .3 45 .2 49 .5 46 .81926: May 1 5 ............................................ 43 .4 48 .4 47 .9 50 .3 50 .3 5 0 .2 - 4 8 .2 45 .7 50.5 49 .0

1927: May 1 5 ............................................ 44 .4 49. 5 48. 8 50.9 52.3 50 .4 50 .5 46.3 50.6 49 .51928: May 1 5 ............................................ 44 .6 49 .3 4 9 .5 51.3 52 .4 50.7 - 51.9 46.6 51.0 48.61929: May 1 5 ............................................ 4 5 .0 49 .8 4 9 .8 52.5 53.3 51. 1 52. 7 47 .0 51.9 49 .41930: May 1 5 ..................................... .. 45 .3 50.4 50.9 54. 0 54.7 52 .0 - 52.8 47.6 52.8 50.21931: May 1 5 ............................................ 45 .5 50.6 51. 1 55.2 55.0 52.5 - 52.9 47 .9 53.2 50.4

1932: May 1 5 ............................................ 4 4 .4 48 .8 51.0 55.0 55 .0 52.9 54.5 45 .8 51.8 49 .41933: May 1 5 ..................................... .. 42 .6 47 .0 47 .9 51.5 51.6 49 .8 - 53.5 42.7 48.6 46.01934: May 1 5 ................... ......................... 44 .8 48 .8 48 .4 55. 1 51.7 51.3 - 54.3 44.3 49.9 47 .21935: May 1 5 ............................................ 4 5 .2 49 .4 49 .3 56.0 52.5 51 .5 - 57.8 45.3 50.6 47.61936: May 1 5 . . ........................................ 46. 1 50. 1 50.8 56.2 54.3 53. 1 - 59.2 46 .8 52.7 49.5

1937: May 1 5 ............................................ 4 6 .8 51.5 52.7 56.9 55.8 54. 7 48. 1 59.9 49 .2 54.5 51.81938: June 1 - * .......................................... 49. 1 53.4 54 .4 59.5 57 .4 56.3 51 .0 61 .4 51.8 56.2 53.41939: June 1 .............................................. 49 .8 54 .4 54.7 59.9 57.6 56.5 51.9 61.9 52. 1 56.6 53.91940: June 1 ............................................... 50 .0 54.7 55.6 60. 1 58.0 57 .2 53 .3 62 .4 52.4 56.9 54.21941: June 1 ................................. ............. 51. 1 55.5 56 .5 61.3 58.5 57.6 53.9 62.6 53.0 57.4 54.7

1942: July 1 ............................................... 54. 1 58 .4 58.5 62.4 61 .2 60.3 56.7 63 .8 56. 1 60 .2 57.41943: July 1 ............................................... 55 .8 60.6 60 .2 64.1 '63 .0 62. 1 57.7 64. 1 57.9 61.9 59.21944: July 1 ............................................... 58.6 61.5 62. 1 65.6 63.5 63.5 59.0 67 .4 59.2 62.7 60 .21945: July 1 ............................................... 59 .8 61.8 62.8 66 .9 64 .2 64 .5 60.0 68 .9 60.0 63 .4 60.91946: July 1 ............................................... 72.7 74.0 73 .4 76 .2 74.8 73.7 72.6 78.6 72.5 74.2 71.9

1948: Jan. 2 . . . ........................................ 95.3 94.6 94 .2 93.0 94. 1 94.3 92 .8 92 .8 94 .8 94 .8 94.51949: July 1 ............................................... 104.7 105.4 105.8 107.0 105.9 105.7 107.2 107.2 105.2 105.2 105.51950: July 1 ............................................... 108. 1 108.3 107.5 110.6 107. 1 106.8 108.9 110.6 107.8 107.6 108.61951: July 1 ............................................... 112.7 111.2 111.2 114.4 110.6 110.1 114.3 114.8 112.5 111.7 113.11952: July 1 ............................................... 120.3 119.4 118.0 119.5 118. 1 117.4 119.5 123.2 118.7 118.9 119.51953: July 1 ............................................... 125.7 123.3 122.8 123.8 122.6 122.8 L25.9 128.5 123.8 123.4 124.1

See footnote at end of table.


6TABLE 2. - -Indexes 1 o f union hourly wage sca les in each printing trade, 1907-53 - Continued

ja n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949* 1007

NEWSPAPER

YearComposi

tors,hand

Machineopera

tors

Machinetenders

.(machinists)

Mailers Photo-engravers

Web pressmen

Journeymen

Men-incharge

Journeymen and m en-incharge

combined

Stereotypers

1907: May 1 5 ...................................................... 19.8 20.3 18.3 20.51908: May 1 5 ...................................................... 20.9 21.2 - - - - - 19.5 21.61909: May 1 5 ...................................................... 22.0 21.9 - - - - - 20.3 22.31910: May 1 5 ...................................................... 23 .0 22.6 - - - - - 21 .0 22 .81911: May 1 5 ...................................................... 23.4 22.7 ~ ~ 21. 1 23.0

1912: May 1 5 ............................................ ......... 23.9 23 .2 25. 1 . . _ 21 .4 23.31913: May 1 5 .............................. ....................... 24.3 23.6 25.3 - - - - 21.9 24.71914: May 1 5 ...................................................... 24.6 23 .8 25.4 - - - - 22 .0 25.01915: May 1 5 ................ i .................................. 24.7 24.0 25.6 - - - - 22 .2 25.01916: May 1 5 ...................................................... 24.8 24.2 25.7 - 22.4 - - 22.3 25 .3

1917: May 1 5 ...................................................... 25.4 24.9 25.9 . 23.4 . _ 22.7 25.91918: May 1 5 ...................................................... 26.6 25.7 27 .2 - 25.3 - - 24.5 27.01919: May 1 5 ...................................................... 31.9 31.3 34.5 - 29.8 - - 30 .2 30 .41920: May 1 5 ..................................................... 38 .8 38 .8 42.6 - 34.4 - - 37.3 37. 11921: May 1 5 ..................................................... 42 .3 41 .3 44 .5 - 40.6 * 39.9 43 .2

1922: May 1 5 ..................................................... 43 .3 42 .4 44.9 _ 42.6 _ _ 37.9 42 .61923: May 1 5 ..................................................... 43 .7 42.9 45 .0 - 42 .4 - - 38.4 43 .41924: May 1 5 ..................................................... 46 .0 45 .4 47 .5 - 4 4 .2 - - 42 .7 44 .71925: May 1 5 ..................................................... 46 .3 46 .3 46 .2 - 45 .9 - - 44 .6 45.91926: May 1 5 ..................................................... 4 7 .4 47.5 45 .8 - 49 .4 - 4 4 .6 46 .5

1927: May 15 ...................................................... 49 .0 48 .5 48.4 _ 50. 1 _ 46.9 47 .01928: May 1 5 ...................................................... 49 .9 50.3 49 .5 - 52. 1 - - 4 8 .0 47 .01929: May 1 5 ...................................................... 50.8 50.8 50.6 - 52.4 - - 48.1 49 .31930: May 1 5 ...................................................... 51.3 51.2 51.0 - 53.2 - - 4 9 .0 49.61931: May 1 5 ..................................................... 51.3 51.3 51. 1 " 53.7 4 9 .2 49 .9

1932: May 1 5 ...................................................... 50.8 50.9 50/8 _ 54.3 _ 49 .9 49 .41933: May 1 5 ............................ ......................... 47 .4 47.6 47 .2 - 50.3 - - 46 .7 4 6 .61934: May 1 5 ..................................................... 48. 1 4 8 .2 47 .8 - 52.6 - - 4 6 .8 47 .31935: May 1 5 ..................................................... 51.3 51.4 51.0 - 55.1 - - 49 .4 49 .51936: May 1 5 ...................................................... 52 .2 52.3 52.0 56.5 - " 4 9 .6 50 .2

1937: May 1 5 ..................................................... 54 .4 54.5 54.2 47. 1 57.5 51 .2 51.81938: June 1 ..................... ............................... 55.5 55.8 55.5 48 .3 60 .4 - - 52.6 53.61939: June 1 ..................................................... 55.9 56 .2 55.8 48 .7 61.7 53.7 55. 0 53.8 54. 11940: June 1 ..................................................... 57. 1 57.2 56.8 50. 2 62 .3 54.9 56.2 55. 1 55.71941: June 1 ..................................................... 57.8 57.8 57.5 52. 2 62 .6 55.7 56.9 55.9 56.6

1942: July 1 ....................................................... 60 .2 60.3 60 .2 55.6 63.9 57.8 59.3 58 .0 59.31943: July 1 ........................................................ 62 .8 62.6 62.7 58.5 64 .7 60.7 62 .0 60 .9 61 .81944: July 1......................................................... 64 .0 64 .0 64. 1 59.3 66 .4 62 .2 63 .5 62 .4 63.51945: July 1 ........................................................ 64 .8 64.7 64.9 60.3 67 .8 63 .3 64.4 63.4 64.01946: July 1 ........................................................ 74. 1 74 .4 74.6 73.4 77.8 74.7 75.7 74 .8 74.0

1948: Jan. 2 ..................................................... 95 .2 95.1 95.1 93.4 94 .4 93 .2 93.7 93 .2 93.11949: July 1 ........................................................ 104.8 104.9 104.9 106.6 105.6 106.8 106.3 106.8 106.91950: July 1 ......................................................... 106.2 106. 1 106.0 108.3 107.4 109. 1 109.3 109.2 109.41951: July 1 ......................................................... 111. 1 111.0 110.8 114.2 111.8 115.0 114.8 115.0 114.81952: July 1......................................................... 115.9 115.8 115.7 121.3 116.4 119.0 118.5 118.9 120.21953: July 1 ......................................................... 120. 1 120.0 119.4 126.5 120.8 124.7 124.4 124.6 123.5

1 Index se r ie s designed fo r trend purposes; p eriod ica l changes in union sca les a re based on com parable quotations fo r the various occupations in consecutive p eriod s weighted by number o f union m em bers reported at each quotation in the current survey p eriod .


7TABLE 3. --Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades workers affected,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

Percent affected by - Percent o i union printing trades workers receiving increases of -

TradeIncrease Nochange

Under 5 percent

5 and under 10 percent



20 percent and over

A ll printing trades................................................................... 89 .4 10.6 53 .0 33.6 2 .2 0 .5 0.1

Book and jo b ........................................................... . .................. 88 .7 11.3 54.6 32 .5 1 .0 0 .5 0. 1Bindery w om en................................................. .................. 88 .4 11.6 44.9 40 .5 3 .0 _ _Bookbinders.............. . . ................................................... 78 .0 22 .0 6 0 .0 17.3 .4 .3 -Compositors, band............................................................ 89.1 10.9 52.3 36.6 . 1 . 1 -E lectrotypers...................................................................... 97 .6 2 .4 69.1 27.5 .4 .6 -Machine operators ..................................................... .. 89 .7 10.3 60 .9 28 .2 .4 .2 -Machine tenders (machinists)............................. .. 96 .8 3 .2 57 .4 35.3 4 . 1 - -M a ile r s ................... ......................................................... .. 87.6 12.4 24.1 47 .7 8 .6 7 .2 -Photoengravers........................................................... 97 .9 2 .1 61 .1 34 .5 1. 1 1 .2 -Press assistants and fe e d e r s ................................. 88 .8 11.2 4 1 .3 46 .6 .4 .4 . 1Pressmen, cylinder.......................................................... 9 .4 10.6 6 5 .4 22.9 .4 .5 .2Pressmen, platen............ ...................... ........................... 83 .9 16.1 46 .7 35.1 . 1 - 2 .0Stereotypers .................................... .................. .. 93 .9 6 .1 46 .1 4 7 .0 .5 .3 -

Newspaper.................................................................................... 90 .8 9 .2 50.1 35 .8 4 .4 .5 _Daywork............................ .................................................... 89 .8 10.2 4 5 .5 39 .3 4 .8 .2 -Nightwork ............................................................................ 91 .8 8 .2 54.9 32 .3 3 .9 .7 -Compositors, hand:

D ayw ork................................... ............... ...................... 90 .3 9 .7 50.3 39.7 .3 - -Nightwork.................................................. .................... 92 .5 7 .5 6 4 .0 28 .4 . 1 - -

Machine operators:Dayw ork.......................................................................... 90 .1 9 .9 52 .8 36 .8 .5 - -Nightwork ................................................... ............. ...... 91 .5 8 .5 6 3 .8 27.6 . 1 - -

Machin? tenders (machinists):Daywork ..................................... .................................... 86 .2 13.8 58.6 27.1 .5 - -Nightwork............................................................ .. 90 .5 9 .5 70 .2 19.9 .4 - -

Mailers:Daywork .......................................................... ................ 88 .8 11.2 39.9 4 4 .0 4 .1 .8 -Nightwork........................................................................ 95 .6 4 .4 46 .5 46 .3 1.4 1 .4 -

Photoengraver s:Daywork........................................................................... 90 .9 9 .1 42 .6 4 7 .3 1 .0 - -Nightwork................... ............................. ...................... 95 .1 4 .9 54 .6 40 .5 - - -

Pressmen (journeymen):Dayw ork.......................................................................... 91 .7 8 .3 38.9 36 .3 16.0 .5 _Nightwork.......................... ............................................. 89 .1 10.9 45 .7 21.6 18.8 3 .0 -

Pressm en-in-charge:Daywork............................................................................ 93 .6 6 .4 36 .7 36 .2 20 .7 - -Nightwork .......................... ............................................. 9 1 .0 9 .0 34.1 4 0 .2 16.7 - -

Stereotypers:Daywork........................................................................... . 84 .7 15.3 40 .6 43 .9 .2 - -Nightwork............ .................................................... 87 .5 12.5 34 .3 53 .2 ~

TABLE 4 . --Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades workers affected,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

Trade

Percent of workers

affected by wage rate increases

Percent ol union printing trade increases o

8 workers r f -

eceiving

Under 5 cents

5 and under 10

cents

10 and under 15

cents

15 and under 20

cents

20 and under 25

cents

25 and under 30

cents

30 cents and over

All printing tra d es ............................................ 89 .4 6 .2 32.9 35.7 8 .3 4 .0 1.2 1.1

Book and jo b ........................................................ 88 .7 7 .4 33.7 35 .3 7 .2 4 .2 0.4 0 .5Bindery w om en............................................ 88 .4 23.9 4 2 .4 21 .7 .4 - - -Bookbinders . . . .......................................... 78 .0 7 .2 47 .6 16.3 6 .2 .4 .3Compositors, hand..................................... 89.1 5 .6 33 .8 26.7 8 .2 14.7 - . 1E lectrotypers............................................... 97 .6 1.5 55.3 16.2 20.8 - 3 .2 .6Machine operators ..................................... 89 .7 5 .2 49 .0 18.4 7 .3 9 .4 .2 .2Machine tenders (machinists) ................ 96 .8 3. 1 43.6 29 .8 4 .4 12.2 .9 2 .8Mailers ....................... ............. ...................... 87.6 2 .2 24.9 39 .2 13.3 .2 .6 7 .2Photoengravers ............................................ 97 .9 3 .4 19.4 48 .2 14.9 9 .7 1.1 1 .2Press assistants and fe e d e r s ................ 88 .8 4 .0 23 .4 56.3 4 .3 .7 - . 1Pressmen, cylinder ................................... 89 .4 1.0 17.1 63 .8 6 .0 .7 .4 .4Pressmen, platen ..................................... 83.9 2 .7 29 .5 4 4 .2 5 .5 - - 2 .0Stereotypers .................................................. 93 .9 3 .1 31.1 32.9 24 .4 1.6 .5 .3


aTABLE 4 . - -Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades workers affected,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 - Continued

Percent ofPercent of union printing trades workers receiving

increases of -

Tradeworkers

affected by wage rate increases

Under 5 cents

5 and under 10

cents

10 and under 15

cents

15 and under 20

cents

20 and under 25

cents

25 and under 30

cents

30 cents and over

Newspaper.......................................................... 90 .8 3 .8 31 .0 36 .8 10.5 3 .7 2 .7 2 .3D ayw ork....................................................... 89 .8 3 .5 29.3 39.3 9 .5 3 .9 3 .9 .4Nightwork ...................................................... 91 .8 4 . 1 32 .8 34 .2 11.6 3 .5 1 .4 4 .2Compositors, hand:

Daywork ................................................. 90 .3 2 .5 32 .7 47 .0 5 .0 2 .8 - .3Nightwork ............................................... 92 .5 3 .8 34 .0 40 .9 11.3 2 .4 - . 1

Machine operators:.4D ayw ork.................................................. 90.1 1.6 36.3 43.1 5 .4 3 .3 - .

Nightwork ............................................... 91 .5 2 .7 35.3 4 1 .5 9 .2 . 2 .7 - . 1Machine tenders (machinists):

4 i .9Daywork ................................................. 86 .2 2. 1 36 .0 4 .7 1 .0 - .5Nightw ork............................................... 90 .5 3 .6 42 .2 37 .2 6 .6 .5 - .4

Mailers:Daywork ................................................. 88 .8 5 .9 27.9 36.5 12.8 3 .4 1.5 .8Nightwork............................................... 95.6 4 .8 35.9 43. 1 7 .3 3. 1 - 1 .4

Photoengraver s:1 .2Daywork ................................................. 90 .9 4 .3 27.7 37.1 19.5 1. 1 -

Nightwork .......................... .................... 95.1 2 .0 35.0 23.4 31 .4 .7 2 .6 -Pressmen (journeymen):

jDaywork ............................ . . . . . . . ^ 91 .7 4 .3 23.8 28.6 12.6 7 .0 14.9 .5^Nightwork............................................... 89.1 5. 1 31.8 12.4 13.6 5 .7 . 1 20 .4

Pressmen-in-charge:Daywork ................................................. 93 .6 6 .7 18.0 24.7 10.4 15.0 17.0 1 .8Nightwork................... ........................... 91 .0 6 .5 18.3 16.1 17.7 15.9 1.9 14.6

Stereotypers:13.7 1.0Daywork ................................................. 84 .7 3 .8 20 .8 45 .3 . 1 -

Nightwork........................................ .. 87.5 6 .0 16.3 32 .0 12.7 3 .8 16.7

TABLE 5. --Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry, July 1, 1953, and increases in rates,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

TradeAverage rate per

hour,July 1,J9531

Amount of increase July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 2 Trade

Average rate per

hour,July 1, 19531

Amount of increase July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 1 2

Percent Cents-per-hour PercentCents-per-

hour

All printing trades . . . . . . . . . . . $2 .5 8 4 .0 9 .9 Newspaper - Continued

Book and jo b .................................... 2 .44 4 .0 9 .3 Machine operators................. $2 .91 3 .6 10.2ivi/4 a wtr ttrAmsm . . . . . . . 1. 38 4 . 5 5.9 Daywork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .82 3 .7 10. 1

Q nnlrKi a v* S . . . . . . . . 2. 31 3. 2 7. 2 Nightwork ............................ 2 .99 3 .5 10.2Compositors, hand................. 2 .73 4 .0 10.6 Machine tendersElectrotypers......................... .. 2 .96 3 .6 10.3 (m achinists)............ ............. 2 .92 3 .2 9 .2Machine operators ................. 2 .74 3 .8 10.0 Daywork........................ .. 2 .85 3 .3 9 .0Machine tenders Nightwork............................ 2 .99 3 .2 9 .3/ -V* _ \ 2. 75* 4 .6 12. 0 1 Mailers ..................... .. . . . 2 .55 4 .3 10.5

2. 23 5 .4 11.4 Daywork ..................... .. 2 .42 4 .3 10.03 .22 4 . 3 13.3 Nightwork .............. ............. 2.66 4 .2 10.8

P res8 assistants and Photoengraver8 ..................... 3 .15 3 .8 11.4f AO/1 . . . ................ 2. 22 4 . 3 9 .2 D ayw ork.......................... .. 3 .04 3 .7 10.9

Pressmen, cylinder.............. 2 .74 3 .8 10.1 Nightwork ............................ 3 .27 3 .8 12.0Pressmen, platen.............. .... 2 .42 3 .8 9 .0 Pressmen (journeymen) . . . 2 .90 4 .8 13.3Stereotypers.............................. 2 .95 4. 1 11.5 Dayw ork.............................. 2 .76 5 .0 13.2

Nightwork............ ............... 3 .08 4 .6 13.5Newspaper........................................ 2 .87 4 .0 11. 1 Pressm en-in-charge............ 3. 12 5. 0 14.8

Dayw ork................... .................. 2 .76 4. 1 10.8 D ayw ork................... .. 2.99 5 .2 14.8Mn nr1ifurAi*lr . . . . . 2 .97 3 .9 11.3 Nightwork............ ............... 3 .29 4 .7 14.8

2.91 3 .7 10. 2 Stereotypers 2.85 4 .0 10.9Hfl trti/A T*lr ............ 2. 82 3. 7 10. 1 Daywork ............ 2 .74 3 .7 9 .7Nightwork............................ 2.99 3.6 10.4 Nightwork............................ 3.01 4 .4 12.6

1 Average rates are based on all rates in effect on July 1, 1953; individual rates are weighted by the number of union members reported at each rate.

2 Based on comparable quotations for 1952 and .1953 weighted by the number of union members reported at each quotation in 1953.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9TABLE 6 . IncrM M i in union wage rates in the printing trades by city, region, and industry branch,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

Cities by regionA ll printing trades Book and job Newspaper

Percentof

increaseCents

increasePercent

ofincrease

Centsincrease

Percentof

increaseCents

increase

A ll cities . . .............................................................. 4 .0 9 .9 4 .0 9 .3 4 .0 11.1

New England............ .................................................... 4 .0 9 .7 4 .6 10.2 3 .2 8 .9Boston, M ass............ ............................................. 3 .7 9 .1 4 .5 9 .7 2 .9 8 .4New Haven, Conn. ............................................... 5 .9 13.4 6 .0 13.3 5.6 13.7Providence, R. I ................................................... 2 .0 5 .2 2 .3 5 .6 1.8 5 .1Springfield, M ass........................................ .. 2 .9 6 .7 2 .5 5 .8 4 .1 9 .2

Middle Atlantic .......................................................... 3 .9 9 .6 3 .9 9 .0 4 .0 11.1Buffalo, N. Y .......................................................... 3 .9 9 .2 4 .7 10.4 2 .5 6 .6Erie, Pa.................................................................... 6 .5 15.1 3 .9 8 .9 7.6 17.9Newark, N. J.............. ...................... .................... 4 .6 11.8 4 .5 11.0 4 .7 13.3New York, N . Y ..................................................... 3 .5 9 .1 3 .8 9 .4 2 .7 8 .3Philadelphia, Pa. . * .......................................... 4 .5 10.6 3 .3 7 .5 7.1 17.8Pittsburgh, Pa........................................................ 3 .7 9 .2 4 .1 9 .6 3. 4 8 .9Rochester, N. Y . ........................................ 5 .7 13.2 4 .9 11.0 6 .9 17.5Scranton, Pa................................................ .. 3 .7 7 .2 3 .5 6 .3 4 .2 10.9Syracuse, N. Y ........................................... .. 5 .0 11.0 5 .0 9 .0 5 .0 12.8

Border States ............................................................... 4 .7 10.8 4 .8 9 .7 4 .7 12.5Baltimore, Md................................................... .. 4 .5 10.3 4 .4 9 .1 4 .5 11.8Louisville, Ky........................................................ 3 .7 8 .0 3 .7 6 .7 3 .8 10.4Richmond, Va.................. ............................. .. 5 .5 11.5 5 .6 9 .5 5 .4 13.7Washington, D. C .................................................. 5. 1 12.4 5 .3 11.6 5 .0 14.0

3 .4 8.1 3 .0 6 .6 3 .6 9 .2Atlanta, Ga. ................................. ......................... 2 .8 6 .9 2 .0 4 .8 4 .4 11.6Birmingham, Ala.................................................. 3 .4 8 .0 3 .1 6 .8 3 .6 9 .4Charlotte, N. C...................................................... 3 .9 9 .1 3.. 2 6 .3 4 .1 10.3Jacksonville, Fla......................................... ........ 2 .3 5 .7 5 .0 10.0 2 .0 5.1Knoxville, Tenn................................... .................. 3 .7 8 .9 3 .0 6 .9 4 .0 9 .7Memphis, Tenn........................................ ............. 4 .4 10.0 5 .4 10.7 3 .5 9 .3

Great L a k e s ................................................................. 4 .7 12.0 4 .4 10.8 5 .3 14.8Chicago, 111................................................ ............. 5 .6 15.2 4 .8 13.0 7 .0 20.0Cincinnati, Ohio ............................ ...................... 2 .7 6 .9 3 .4 8 .3 1.8 5 .0Cleveland, O h io .................................... ... 4 .9 12.9 4 .1 9 .5 5 .9 16.4Columbus, Ohio 4 .7 11.3 4 .1 9 .2 5 .5 14.5Dayton, O hio.............. ............................. ............. 5 .7 13.3 6 .2 14.1 2.9 7 .7Detroit, Mich.......................................................... 3 .1 8 .2 2 .2 5 .7 4 .8 13.9Grand Rapids, Mich. . ..................................... 4 .5 10.6 3.9 8 .5 5 .1 13.2Indianapolis, Ind............................................. 4 .4 10.7 4 .9 10.9 3 .8 10.4Milwaukee, W is. ............................ .. 4 .4 10.5 4 .2 9 .7 4 .7 12.6Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n .......................... 3 .7 8 .1 3 .7 7 .6 3 .7 10.5Peoria, HI.............................. .................... ............. 3. 1 7 .8 3 .1 7 .3 3.1 8. 2Toledo, Ohio ..................... .................................... 5 .5 14.0 6 .2 14.4 4 .9 13.5

Middle West ................................................................. 3. 1 7 .3 3 .5 7 .6 2 .5 6 .7Des Moines, Iowa ................................. .. 3 .4 8 .0 4 .7 10.4 . 6 1.6Kansas City, Mo. ............................................ 4 .5 10.4 3 .4 7 .5 6 .6 17.0Omaha, Nebr. ................................ ...................... 3 .4 8 .1 1.7 3 .8 4 .4 11.3St. Louis, Mo. ...................................................... 2 .4 5 .5 2.9 6 .2 1.3 3.9

3 .4 8 .1 3 .7 8 .0 3. 1 8 .2Dallas, Tex............................................................. 2 .5 6 .7 2 .3 5 .8 2 .6 7 .4Houston, Tex........................................................... 3 .8 9 .8 4 .2 9 .7 3.6 9 .9Little Rock, Ark...................................... ............. 4 .6 9 .9 5 .0 9 .4 4 .3 10.2New Orleans, La................................................... 3 .6 8 .1 2.9 6 .4 4 .3 10.4Oklahoma City, Okla. ........................................ 2 .8 6 .2 4 .3 8 .3 1.2 3.1San Antonio, Tex................................................... 2 .8 6 .5 3 .9 7.6 2 .3 6 .0

3 .8 9 .1 3 .4 6 .9 4 .0 10.5Denver, Colo........................................................... 3 .1 7 .3 2.7 5 .5 3 .3 9 .0Salt Lake City, U ta h .......................................... 5 .5 13.5 8 .2 17.0 5. 1 12.8

P a cific ............................................................................ 2 .7 7.1 2 .8 7 .2 2 .5 6 .9Los Angeles, Calii'. .......................................... 3 .5 9 .1 3 .0 7 .8 4 .2 11.3Oakland, Calif. ................................................... 1.3 3.7 2 .0 5 .3 . 3 . 9Portland, Oreg....................................................... 4 .9 12.9 4 .8 12.0 5 .0 13.8San Francisco, C a l i f . ........................................ 2 .3 6 .0 3.1 7 .9 .4 1.0Seattle, Wash.......................................................... 1.4 3 .8 .3 .9 2.9 8 .5Spokane, Wash........................................................ 2 .0 5 .2 3.7 8 .5 1.1 3 .2Digitized for FRASER


TABLE 7. - -Distribution of union members in the printing trades by hourly wage rates and by trade, July 1, 1953

AveragePercent of union members whose rate (in cents) per hour was

Trade rateper Undern r n r

andT W ~ T W ~ T R T 150 160 170 TS0 190 ^OfT 210 zzo 230 240 250 2b0 270 280 290 300 310 3Z0 330 340 350

andhour 110 under120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 over

All printing tra d es ................................. $2. 583 0. 1 1. 6 3. 0 3. 3 3 .0 1. 2 0. 6 0. 6 0 .9 0 .3 1. 3 2. 7 2 .0 4. 2 6.3 7 .6 9. 4 8. 8 13. 1 10.8 7. 5 2. 2 4 .5 1. 2 0 .2 3 .6

Book and j o b ............................................. 2 .437 0. 2 2 .4 4 .6 4 .9 4 .5 1. 8 1.0 0 .9 1. 2 0 .4 1. 7 4 .0 2. 6 5.3 8 .2 7. 8 8. 9 6. 5 10. 3 9 .0 5 .2 1. 3 2 .7 0. 1 (*) 4. 5Bindery w om en.................................. 1. 376 1. 1 8 .6 21.6 28. 7 23. 2 9 .6 3. 8 3 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Bookbinders . . ................................. 2. 309 _ 5. 7 6.3 - . 1 .4 . 2 . 8 .7 .4 2. 8 9 .7 2 .7 7. 2 28. 6 8 .9 15. 5 2. 3 3. 8 3. 2 . 7 - - - -Compositors, hand.......................... 2. 730 _ _ - - - - - - - - .6 .9 2 .3 3 .7 5 .4 15.3 14. 6 12. 6 18. 7 10.0 15.9 - - - -Electrotypers ................................... 2.959 _ _ - - - - - - - - - . 5 . 5 1. 7 .8 2 .8 12. 3 18. 5 4. 3 10.2 8. 1 3r 2 37. 1 - - -Machine o p erators.......................... 2. 742 - _ - - - - - - - - .7 1. 0 1.8 3. 6 5.3 13. 6 11. 4 10. 6 33. 4 8 .4 10. 1 - - - . 1Machine tenders (machinists) . . . 2. 748 - - - - - - - - - - .9 - 1.4 6. 6 4. 3 11.8 5. 8 14. 7 37. 8 5. 2 11. 5 - - - - ~M a ile rs ................................................. 2. 228 _ _ 3.6 _ 24. 5 .6 .5 - - 1. 2 .8 5. 1 7 .4 5 .8 5.0 26. 1 5 6. 1 7. 4 4. 3 1. 1 - - - - -Photoengravers................................. 3. 22Z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 1 3 .6 5. 0 4. 4 11. 8 6. 3 7. 7 8. 1 7.9 .3 0. 2 43. 6Press assistants and feeders . . . 2. 220 _ 1. 2 .2 .9 . 6 1.0 2 .7 2. 1 9 .8 1. 6 9 .2 17. 0 7. 5 21. 6 8. 2 . 5 11. 2 4. 4 3 - - - - -Pressmen, cylinder ........................ 2. 738 _ _ - - - - - - . 2 .4 .3 2. 1 1.9 5. 1 10. 3 10.2 7. 0 8. 8 13! 0 32 .4 4 .8 1.9 1.4 .2 - (*)Pressmen, platen............................Stereotypers ......................................

2.420 - _ - . 1 - - . 1 1. 5 3. 1 5 .6 7 .0 20. 6 7 .4 12. 1 20.9 9. 6 2. 8 8. 2 1.0 - - - - - -2,951 3 .7 8. 9 10. 3 26. 2 U .7 .9 7. 7 21 .0 2 .6

Newspaper..................................................D ayw ork...............................................Nightwork.............................................Compositors, hand.........................

Daywork ........................................Nightw ork......................................

Machine o p erators..........................Daywork ........................................N ightw ork......................................

Machine tenders (machinists) . . .Daywork ........................................Nightwork ......................................

Z. 8682. 762

- - - (')( l)

- - - ( '). 1

.3

. 5.2 >4

.6. 1 .2

. 8' 1. 2

2. 0 3. 3

2 .7 4. 5

7 .412. 0

10.13.

58

13.16.

34

18.19.

41

14.2 14. 7

12. 0 11. 1

4. 0 . 7

8. 1 . 7

3 .41.0

.4( ')

1. 8 . 1

2.973 2.907 2.817 2.988 2.914 2.824 2. 993

-- -

--

--

(>) . 3 . 28f1). 1

. 1 . 3 .4 . 7

. 3

.6

. 8 .9 2. 8 5.3

11. 1

4 .710. 2

7.10.14.7.

11.15.8.

3770320

10.10.16.

5. 9.

13.6.

35056 6 1

17.20.21.20.20.24.16.

85 1 26 7 9

14.0 19.3 19. 8 18.9 20.2 19.221.0

12. 8 18. 616. 5 20. 5 16.9 16. 017. 7

7 .2 3. 2

6. 1 3. 8

7. 1

15.310.4

19. 8 10. 6

19.7

5.7 1.0

1.91.7

3 .2

. 8 3 .4

! 1

! 3 . 4 .3

2.921 2.851 2.993 2. 551

--

-

(*)- - -

.2 1. 8 1. 1 2 .7 1. 0

. 51.0

4. 1 13.4 11. 6

4 .28 .4

19. 1

10.10.10.8.

8885

7.12.2.

20.

8693

20.26.14.14.

434 7

19.216.621.9

.8

22. 1 24. 3 19.7

. 7

3. 1

6. 3

10.7

21. 7

1.2

2 .3-

-

Nightw ork......................................2. 423 2.659 - - -

. 1- - -

.4 3.9(!) 2 .0

4. 51. 2

1. 6 .4

6 .42 .2

. 2

13. 1 5. 1

18.85 .4

24. 2 14.6 2. 4

9.7.5.

666

7.31.

2.

449

27.3.

39

1. 5 7. 3

1.3 18. 7 16.8 15. 3 10.9 1. 5 14. 5Photoengravers ................................. 3. 150 " .4 4. 6 5. 9 4. 8 5. 7 10.8 28 .4 8. 7 15.2 15.5 _ _Daywork ........................................ 3. 044 " 5. 2 8 2. 3 .4 7.9 25. 6 15. 5 5.9 3. 1 30. 5Nightw ork......................................

Pressmen (journeymen).................3. 267 2.904 2. 761

- - - - - - - - - - - - - .4. 73 .97 .2

6. 7 11.4

9.12.

17

17.24.

52

17.21.

69

15.718.7

5. 6 3 .2

3. 5( l )

9 .2 10. 1 . 5 .2

_ _ .. 1. 2 4. 7 9. 4 12. 3 12. 1 8. 5 7 .7 20. 2 22.2 1. 2 .5P ressm en -in -ch a rge ......................

3. 075 3. 123 2.987

- - - - -- -

--

- - - --

" . 1 . 1

4.7.1.

890

4.6.1.

356

12.20.

2.

425

12.9 13.611.9

23.231 .412.9

11.4 9 .9

13.4

3 .8 .8

7. 6

9 .59 .39 .7

7. 8 . 3

17.2

9 .8

22. 2Nightwork ......................................Stereotypers........................................

Daywork ........................................N ightw ork......................................

3. 2932. 852 2.7393. 007

- - - --

-- -

--

- -. 1 .2 -

2. 2 3 .8

7. 7 10. 6 3 .7

18.22.13.

412

19.27.

8.

897

24.26.21.

207

7. 6 6 .6 9 .0

3 .3 2. 1 5 .0

5 .4

12.9

3. 1 . 1

7 .2

.2

.3.2.3

7 .8

18. 6

Less than 0 .05 percent,


1 1

TABLE 8. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by city and population group, July 1, 1953

B O O K A N D JOB

City and population group

Population group I (1 ,000, 000 or more):Chicago, 111........... ......................................Los Angeles, Calif....................................Detroit, Mich. ..........................................

Averagehourly

N E W S P A P E R

City and population groujpAverage

hourlyrate rate

$2,812 2, 671 2.621

Population group I (1 ,000 ,000 or more):New York, N. Y .........................................................Chicago, i l l .................................................. ...............Detroit, Mich...............................................................

$3. 120 3.060 3.040

Average for group I 2. 606 Average for group I 3.016

New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa.

2. 541 2. 348

Los Angeles, Calif. Philadelphia, Pa. .

2. 834 2. 701

Population group II (500, 000 to 1, 000, 000):San Francisco, Calif.......................................Cincinnati, O hio...............................................Pittsburgh, Pa. .................................................Houston, Tex......................................................Cleveland, O h io ..............................................Milwaukee, W is.................................................Washington, D. C .............................................

Average for group I I .....................................

Buffalo, N. Y .....................................................Boston, Mass.....................................................New Orleans, La...............................................St. Louis, Mo.....................................................Baltimore, Md...................................................Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn........................

2. 648 2. 494 2.4272. 405 2.385 2. 378 2.317

2.312

2. 289 2. 262 2. 243 2. 209 2. 138 2. 113

Population group II (500,000 to 1 ,000,000):Washington, D. C .................................................... ..Boston, Mass...............................................................Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn..................................Cleveland, O h io .......................................................San Francisco, Calif............................................St. Louis, Mo. ............................ .............................

Average for group II ...............................................

Houston, Tex................. . ...........................................Milwaukee, W is..........................................................Cincinnati, O hio........................................................Buffalo, N. Y ........................'......................................Pittsburgh, Pa............................................................Baltimore, Md............................ ................................New Orleans, La................................... ....................

2 .9662.9382.938 2.931 2.916 2. 896

2. 867

2. 860 2. 826 2. 794 2. 743 2. 721 2. 717 2. 517

Population group HI (250,000 to 500,000):Seattle, Wash. ............................ ............. ...............Oakland, Calif.............................................................Portland, Oreg............................................................Newark, N. J...............................................................Dallas, Tex..................................................................Atlanta, Ga...................................................................Toledo, O hio.......................................................... .. .

Average for group HI ............................................

Columbus, O h io ........................................................Indianapolis, Ind.........................................................Rochester, N. Y........................................................Birmingham, Ala.......................................................Kansas City, Mo............................... .........................Memphis, Tenn. .....................................................Denver, Colo................... ...........................................San Antonio, Tex........................................................Louisville, Ky. ..................................................... ..

2.750 2. 725 2.626 2. 529 2. 512 2. 401 2. 395

2. 394

2. 361 2. 359 2. 349 2. 266 2. 259 2. 077 2. 074 2. 012 1. 893

Population group HI (250, 000 to 500, 000):Seattle, W ash...............................................................Newark, N. J...............................................................Toledo, O h io ...............................................................Portland, O reg............................................................D allas, T ex ......................... .........................................Oakland, C a lif..................................................; . . . .

A verage for group HI ............................................

Indianapolis, Ind........................................................D enver, C o lo ........................................................... .*.Colum bus, O h io ................... ....................................L ou isville , Ky.............................................................Atlanta, Ga...................................................................M em phis, Tenn...........................................................Kansas C ity , Mo.........................................................R och ester , N. Y .........................................................B irm ingham , A la. ..................................................San Antonio, Tex. ..................................................

3. 020 2.981 2.921 2.917 2. 899 2. 878

2. 853

2. 844 2. 810 2. 801 2. 790 2. 762 2. 742 2. 740 2. 704 2. 702 2. 609

Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):Providence, R. I..........................................Dayton, O hio...................................................Peoria, HI.........................................................Spokane, Wash.................................................Springfield, Mass.............................. *...........Knoxville, Tenn..............................................Erie, Pa.............................................................New Haven, Conn...........................................Des Moines, Iowa ........................................Grand Rapids, Mich..........................v. . . . .Omaha, Nebr. .................................................Salt Lake City, U ta h ...................................

2. 542 2.412 2.407 2. 398 2. 384 2. 377 2. 367 2. 352 2. 312 2. 263 2. 254 2. 240

Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):Spokane, Wash............................ ................................Providence, R. I........................................................Peoria, 111.....................................................................Des Moines, Iowa ...................................................Scranton, Pa................................................................Syracuse, N. Y ...........................................................Grand Rapids, Mich..................................................Dayton, O hio...............................................................Oklahoma City, Okla................................................

Average for group IV ............................................

2. 862 2. 802 2. 730 2. 728 2. 703 2. 701 2. 696 2. 692 2. 670

2. 658

Average for group IV ............................................

Jacksonville, Fla.......................................................Charlotte, N. C ..........................................................Oklahoma City, Okla......................... ......................Little Rock, Ark.........................................................Syracuse, N. Y ............... ...........................................Scranton, Pa................................................................Richmond, Va.............................................................. 1

2. 200

2. 0842. 031 2. 002 1.959 1.903 1. 858 1. 780

Richmond, Va.............Omaha, Nebr...............Salt Lake City, Utah Jacksonville, Fla. . . New Haven, Conn. . . Charlotte, N. C. . . . Knoxville, Tenn. . . .Erie, Pa........................Little Rock, Ark. . . Springfield, Mass. .

2. 651 2. 649 2. 635 2. 622 2. 592 2. 580 2. 547 2. 544 2. 481 2. 368

1 The averages in the book and job tabulation include rates for the semiskilled--bindery women and press assistants and feeders-- as well as the highly skilled journeymen, composing room and pressroom workers, and others. The number of semiskilled workers organized in a city may have influence on the average for the city.Digitized for FRASER


12

TABLE 9. --Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by region, 1 and by trade, July 1, 1953

Trade UnitedStates

NewEngland

MiddleAtlantic

BorderStates

Southeast

GreatLakes

MiddleWest

Southwest

Mountain Pacific

All printing tra d es..................................................... $2.58 $2. 53 $2. 56 $2. 39 $2.48 $2. 66 $2.41 $2. 49 $2. 48 $2. 7S

Book and j o b ................................................................. 2. 44 2.31 2. 42 2. 13 2. 28 2. 54 2. 25 2. 21 2. 09 2. 66Bindery w om en..................................................... 1.38 1. 24 1. 35 1.24 1.25 1.39 1.40 1. 19 1. 28 1.67Bookbinders .............. ........................................... 2. 31 2. 42 2. 10 2. 28, 2 .44 2. 62 2.43 2. 24 2. 19 2. 88Compositors, hand.............................................. 2. 73 2. 46 2. 70 2.51,' 2. 56 2. 85 2 .62 2. 51 2 .38 2. 88Electrotypers ........................................................ 2. 96 2. 69 3. 09 2. 60 2. 84 3. 00 2. 75 2. 77 2. 55 2.99Machine op erators.............................................. 2. 74 2.47 2. 80 2. 55 2. 52 2 .84 2. 60 2. 52 2 .35 2.89Machine tenders (m achinists)........................ 2. 75 2. 52 2. 84 2. 49 2.61 2 .84 2. 60 2.41 2. 57 2. 86M ailers...................................................................... 2. 23 - 2.33 1. 65 2 .45 2. 32 2. 54 2 .26 2. 53 2. 79Photoengravers .......................... ......................... 3 .22 2. 70 3.45 2. 81 2 .65 3. 20 2 .78 2.71 2. 68 3. 13Press assistants and feed ers.......................... 2. 22 2. 11 2. 21 2. 02 1. 56 2 .37 2. 00 1. 54 1.76 2. 25Pressmen, cylinder............................................ 2. 74 2. 46 2. 82 2. 50 2. 50 2. 80 2. 62 2.26 2. 44 2 .87Pressmen, platen............................................ .... 2. 42 2. 26 2. 50 2. 10 2. 09 2 .37 2. 33 2 .02 2. 28 2. 79Stereotyper8 .......................................................... 2 .95 2.91 3. 10 2. 76 2. 85 2.91 2. 82 2. 80 2. 69 2. 94

Newspaper...................................................................... 2. 87 2. 84 2 .92 2. 81 2. 64 2. 94 2. 80 2.71 2. 74 2.* 89Daywork .................................................................... 2. 76 2.71 2. 78 2. 72 2. 58 2. 83 2. 7Q 2. 63 2. 69 2.81Night work ............................................................... 2 .97 2.99 3 .05 2.90 2. 68 3. 04 2. 90 2. 79 2. 81 2 .96Compositors, hand............................................... 2.91 2. 81 2. 96 2.90 2. 70 2 .98 2. 88 2. 80 2. 83 2 .95

Daywork ............................................................. 2. 82 2. 71 2. 88 2. 83 2. 64 2. 88 2. 78 2. 71 2. 78 2. 87Nightwork.......................................................... 2. 99 2. 97 3.03 2 .96 2. 74 3. 06 2.96 2. 87 2. 90 3. 03

Machine op erators............................................... 2. 91 2. 84 2 .98 2.90 2. 67 2 .98 2 .84 2. 78 2. 83 2 .95Daywork ............................................................. 2. 82 2. 74 2. 89 2. 82 2. 62 2. 87 2. 76 2. 69 2. 78 2. 87Nightwork........................................................ .. 2. 99 2 .97 3.06 2 .96 2.71 3 .07 2.93 2. 85 2. 89 3.03

Machine tenders (m achinists)........................ 2 .92 2. 85 3 .08 2.91 2. 66 2 .95 2 .87 2. 78 2. 84 2. 94Daywork .......................................... .. 2. 85 2. 74 3.01 2. 86 2. 62 2. 87 2. 78 2. 70 2.80 2. 88Nightwork .......................................................... 2. 99 2.99 3. 13 2.97 2. 70 3. 04 2 .98 2. 84 2. 88 3 .02

Mailers . ................................................................... 2. 55 2.44 2. 55 2. 22 2. 25 2. 66 2. 54 2. 17 2. 35 2. 65Daywork ............................................................. 2 .42 2 .35 2.37 2. 14 2. 22 2. 53 2 .44 2. 12 2. 32 2. 59Nightwork.......................................................... 2. 66 2. 52 2. 68 2. 34 2. 27 2. 76 2. 67 2. 23 2. 40 2.71

Photoengraver 8 ................................................... 3. 15 3.05 3 .32 3. 13 2. 72 3. 27 3. 02 2. 82 2. 88 3. 04Daywork ............................................................ 3. 04 2.90 3. 22 3 .07 2. 64 3. 16 2 .96 2. 69 2. 86 3. 00Nightwork.......................................................... 3 .27 3. 17 3.42 3. 23 2. 87 3. 38 3. 14 2. 90 2. 94 3. 12

Pressmen (journeymen).................................... 2. 90 2. 87 2.95 2.67 2 .67 2 .98 2. 78 2. 70 2. 69 2.91Daywork ............................................................ 2. 76 2. 69 2.75 2. 59 2. 60 2. 85 2. 69 2. 64 2. 67 2. 80Nightwork .......................................................... 3 .08 3. 12 3. 16 2. 77 2. 74 3. 17 2. 90 2. 80 2. 74 3.00

P ressm en-in -charge.......................................... 3. 12 3.05 3. 19 2.90 2.91 3. 17 2 .98 2.91 2. 90 3. 14Daywork ............................................................ 2. 99 2. 87 3. 00 2. 82 2. 86 3. 05 2. 89 2. 86 2. 88 3.03Nightwork....................................................... .. 3. 29 3. 28 3. 38 3. 00 2.96 3. 36 3. 10 3. 01 3. 02 3. 24

Stereotyper 8 ......................................................... 2. 85 2.93 2.96 2. 75 2. 62 2.91 2. 78 2. 64 2. 66 2. 86Daywork ............................................................ 2. 74 2. 74 2. 71 2. 67 2. 57 2. 84 2. 69 2. 60 2. 63 2. 82Nightwork.............. ...................... .................... 3.01 3. 16 3. 28 '2. 88 2. 65 3. 04 2. 88 2. 70 2.69 - 2 .92

1 The regions used in this study include: New England - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, andVermont; Middle Atlantic - New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States - Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, VirgrnlaT^LnTWeiFVirginia; Southeast - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Great Lakes - Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West - Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Southwest - Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Mountain - Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Pacific - California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington,

TABLE 10. --Distribution of union members in the printing trades by straight-time weekly hours, July 1, 1953

TradeA verage

hour 8 per week

P ercen t o f m em bers whose straight-tim e hours per week w ere -

Under30 30

Over30and

under35

35

Over35and

under36V.

36V4

Over36V4and

under 37 Va

371/ ,

Over 37 Va and

under 40

40

All printing t r a d e s ................................................. 37. 1 ( l ) 0. 1 1. 7 8. 1 0. 7 27. 0 0. 7 50.6 2. 3 8. 8

Book and j o b ............................................................. 37. 3 _ ( ) 0. 2 6. 1 0. 8 31. 0 (*) 48. 1 1. 8 12. 0B indery w o m e n ................................................. 37. 5 - - - .9 _ 27. 0 56.6 . 5 15. 0B o o k b in d e rs ........................................................ 37. 1 - - _ . 7 _ 55. 7 31. 2 . 3 12. 1C om p ositors , hand ........................................ 37. 6 - - _ 1. 6 _ 25. 8 _ 53.9 . 8 17. 9E lectrotypers ................................................... 37. 3 - - _ . 2 _ 18. 6 _ 81. 1 . 1Machine o p e r a t o r s .......................................... 37. 5 - 0. 1 _ 1. 2 _ 35. 8 _ 44. 7 . 8 17.4Machine tenders (m a c h in is ts ) .................... 37. 5 - - _ - _ 40. 1 _ 42. 0 17. 9M a i le r s ................................................................. 37. 6 - - 7. 3 . 5 _ 15. 0 1. 0 51. 5 _ 24. 7Photoengravers ............................................... 36. 1 - - _ 50. 6 7. 6 1. 5 _ 39. 6 .6 . 1P re ss assistants and feeders ................... 37. 3 - _ _ .6 _ 40. 4 _ 44. 5 6. 1 8. 4P ressm en , c y l in d e r ........................................ 37 .4 - - _ 1. 2 _ 35. 6 _ 48. 0 3. 9 11. 3P ressm en , p la te n ................................... 37. 8 - - _ . 5 _ 23. 0 _ 50. 0 6. 3 20. 2Stereotypers ..................................................... 37. 2 ~ 2. 0 2. 8 9 .9 - 84. 1 1. 2

See footnote at end of table,Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

13

TABLE 10. --Distribution of union members in the printing trades by straight-time weekly hours, July 1, 1953 - Continued

TradeAverage

hoursper

week

Percent of members whose straight-time hours per week were -

Under30 30

Over30and

under35

35

Over35and

under36V,

36V.

Over36Vand

under37Vz

37Ya

Over37Vaand

under40

40

Newspaper................................................................. 36. 8 0 0. 2 4. 8 11.9 0. 6 19.3 1.9 55. 5 3. 2 2. 6D ayw ork............................................................... 37. 2 - . 1 . 2 6. 3 - 15. 1 1. 8 69.9 3. 3 3. 3Nightwork............................................................ 36. 4 0 . 2 9 .4 17. 5 1. 1 23. 5 2. 1 41 .3 3. 0 1.9Compositors, hand ....................................... 37. 0 - - - - - - - - - -

Daywork ........................................................ 37. 0 - . 1 . 3 8. 7 - 22 .6 3. 2 59.6 4 .4 1. 1Nightwork..................................................... 36. 9 0 0 . 1 9 .6 - 3 0 .2 3. 7 50. 3 4. 6 1. 5

Machine op erators .......................................... 37. 0 - - - - - - - - - -D ayw ork ................... .................................... 37. 0 - .4 .4 9. 1 - 21. 5 3 .4 59. 5 4 .6 1. 1Nightwork..................................................... 36. 9 0. 1 . 2 . 1 9 .8 - 30. 6 3 .9 49 .6 4. 3 1.4

Machine tenders (machinists) ................... 36. 9 - - - - - - - - - -Daywork ........................................................ 37. 0 - - . 5 9 .9 - 28. 8 3.1 51. 1 3. 8 2. 8Nightwork ................... .................................. 36. 9 - - .4 8. 8 - 34. 3 3. 2 47. 6 3 .9 1. 8

M ailers ................................................................. 36. 9 - - - - - - - - - -D ayw ork ........................................................ 37. 6 - - - 2 .6 - 1.9 . 3 82. 7 6. 3 6. 2Nightwork..................................................... 36. 2 - - 21. 5 16. 2 - 24. 6 - 30. 8 3 .8 3. 1

Photoengravers................................................. 37. 1 - - - - - - - - - -Daywork .............................. ......................... 37. 1 - - - 2. 3 - 30. 5 - 64.9 - 2. 3Nightwork................................................. .... 37. 0 - - - 8. 1 . 6 30.9 1 .4 56. 1 - 2 .9

Pressmen (journeymen) .............................. 36. 6 - - - - - - - - - -Daywork ..................... .................................. 37. 5 - - . 1 2. 7 - 10. 0 . 7 79. 3 .9 6. 3Nightwork..................................................... 35. 4 - - 20. 5 45. 6 5. 3 5 .4 . 4 21. 2 - 1.6

Pressm en-in-charge...................................... 36. 7 - - - - - - - - - -Daywork ........................................................ 37. 5 - - - 2. 2 - 8. 3 . 8 80.9 .6 7. 2Nightwork................................................. 35. 6 - - 20. 2 36.6 7. 0 5. 6 . 3 29. 5 - . 8

Stereotypers ..................................................... 36. 5 - - - - - - - - - -Daywork ........................................................ 37. 2 - - . 7 9 .6 - 4. 5 - 81. 7 1. 6 1.9Nightwork..................................................... 35. 5 1.9 25. 5 10. 2 14.4 - 43 .6 1. 3 3. 1

1 Less than 0. 05 percent.

TABLE 11. --Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-53

/ jam . 2, 1948-July 1, 1949=100j7

Year A llprintingBookandjob

Newspaper Year A llprintingBookandjob

Newspaper

1907: May 1 5 ...................................... 0 144. 8 123. 5 1930 May 1 5 .............................. 119. 3 118. 2 120.61908:: May 1 5 ...............................r 0 138. 1 122. 9 1931 May 1 5 .............................. 119. 2 118. 2 120. 61909 M a v 15 - ............................ 0 136. 9 122. 6 1932 May 15 .............. ............... 115. 2 113. 6 117. 51010- Mav I S .............................. () 136. 5 122. 3 1933 May 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114. 3 112. 5 116. 9

1911 May 1 5 .............................. 133. 2 136. 5 122. 3 1934 May 1 5 .............................. 108.4 108. 5 107. 61912 M a y 15 T. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133. 1 136. 4 122. 1 1935 May 1 5 .............................. 106. 6 106. 9 105. 81913 May 1 5 ............................... 133.0 136.4 122.0 1936 May 1 5 ..................................... 106. 2 107. 0 104. 51914 May 1 5 ..................................... 132.9 136.4 121. 7 1937 May 1 5 ............................... 105. 7 106. 8 103. 5

1915 May 1 5 ............................... 132.9 136.4 121. 6 1938: June 1 ........... .................... 105. 1 106. 3 103.01916 M a y 1 5 ..................................... 132. 9 136. 4 121. 5 1939: June 1 . . ............................ 104. 8 106. 0 102. 51917 M a y 1 5 ............................... 132. 9 136.4 121. 5 1940: June 1 . . ..................... 104. 6 105. 8 102. 21918 May 1 5 ............................... 132.9 136.4 121. 5 1941:: June 1 . . ............................ 104. 6 105.8 101. 8

1919: May 1 5 ............................... 132.9 136. 3 121. 7 1942 July 1 ................................. 104. 3 105. 8 101. 71920:: May 15 ............................... 129.0 131. 2 121. 6 1943 July 1 ................................. 104.6 106. 1 101. 71071' M a v 1 5 ______ _______ 121. 2 120. 7 121. 3 1944 July 1 ................................. 104. 6 106. 1 101. 71922: May 1 5 ..................................... 120. 8 119. 2 123.6 1945 July 1 ................................. 104.6 106. 1 101. 7

1923 May 1 5 ............................... 120. 2 118. 5 123.4 1946 July 1 ................................. 102.0 102.4 101.31924 M a y 1 5 ..................................... 119. 7 118. 5 121. 7 1948 J an . 2 .................... .. 100. 1 100. 1 100. 31925 May 1 5 ............................... 119. 7 118. 6 121.4 1949 July 1 ................................. 99.9 99 .9 99 .71926 May 1 5 ..................................... 119.6 118.4 121.6 1950 July 1 ................................. 99.8 99 .8 99. 5

1927: May 1 5 ..................................... 119. 5 118.4 121. 3 1951:: July 1 ........................................ 99 .7 99.5 99 .41028 : M a v 1 5 ............................... 119. 5 118. 4 121. 0 1952:: July 1 ................................. 99. 5 99. 2 99. 31929: May 15 ............................... 119.4 118. 3 120.8 1953:: July 1 .............................. . 99.5 99 .2 99.3

Combined data for 1907-10 not available.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

14

TABLE 12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1907-53

^Jan. 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949=10^

BOOK AND JOB

Year BinderywomenBook

bindersComposi

tors,hand

Electrotypers

Machineoperators

Machinetenders

(machinists)

MailersPhoto-

en-gravers

Press assist

ants and feeders

P ressmen,

cylinder

P ressmen,

platen

1907 May 1 5 ............................................ 141. 7 127. 1 129. 5 128.4 140. 5 136. 8 133. 51908 May 1 5 ............................................ - 129. 0 127. 1 129.0 128.4 - _ 127. 7 130. 2 128.91909 May 1 5 ............................................ - 128. 2 127. 1 128. 8 128.4 - - - 126. 4 128. 3 126.21910 May 15 . . . ..................................... - 127. 8 127. 1 125.4 128.4 _ _ _ 126. 2 128.0 126.01911 May 1 5 ............................................ 127.4 127. 1 124. 6 128.4 - - - 126. 2 128.0 126. 0

1912: May 1 5 ............................................ _ 127.4 127. 0 124.6 127.9 129.3 126. 2 128.0 126.01913 May 1 5 ............................................... - 127.4 127. 0 124.4 127.9 129.3 _ _ 125. 8 128.0 126. 11914 May 1 5 ............................................ - 127.4 127. 0 124. 1 127.9 129. 3 - . 125. 8 128.0 126. 11915 May 1 5 ............................................ 125. 0 127. 4 127. 0 124. 1 127.9 129.3 - - 125. 8 128.0 126. 11916 May 1 5 ............................................ 125. 0 127.4 127. 0 124. 0 128. 2 129. 5 - 133. 1 125. 8 128.0 126. 1

1917 May 1 5 ............................................ 125. 0 127.4 127.0 123.9 128.2 129. 5 133. 1 125.8 128. 0 126. 11918 May 1 5 ............................................ 125. 0 127.4 127. 0 123.9 128. 2 129. 5 - 132. 7 125.8 128. 0 126. 11919 May 1 5 ............................................ 125.0 127.4 127.0 123.9 128. 2 129. 5 _ 132. 7 125.8 128. 0 126. 11920 May 1 5 ............ ................................ 125. 0 127.4 127. 0 123. 8 128. 2 129. 5 _ 122. 5 125. 7 128. 0 126. 01921 May 15 ............................................ 119. 2 120.9 .120. 1 119.9 121. 5 120. 0 - 122.2 119. 0 121.0 119.4

1922:: May 1 5 ............................................ 117. 7 119. 7 117. 7 118. 3 119. 8 119. 6 122. 2 117.7 119. 5 118.71923:: May 1 5 ............................................ 117. 2 119.2 116. 5 119.3 119. 2 119. 1 _ 122. 2 116.9 119. 0 117. 21924:: May 1 5 ............................................ 117. 2 118. 7 116. 8 119.0 118.8 119. 0 _ 122. 2 117. 1 119. 2 117.51925:: May 1 5 ............................................ 117. 2 119. 2 116. 8 120. 1 119. 2 119. 3 _ 122. 5 116. 8 118. 6 117.41926: May 1 5 ............................................ 117.4 119. 0 116. 8 120. 1 119. 0 119. 0 - 122. 2 116. 7 118.4 116. 5

1927:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 6 118. 6 116. 8 120. 2 119. 2 119. 0 122.2 116.6 118.4 116. 51928:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 5 119. 5 116. 8 120. 1 119.0 119. 0 _ 122. 2 116. 5 118. 1 116.81929:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 7 118. 6 116. 8 119. 8 119. 0 119. 0 _ 122.2 116. 5 118. 1 116.91930:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 6 118. 5 116. 8 118.4 119. 0 119.0 _ 122. 0 116. 5 118. 1 116. 91931:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 5 118.4 116. 8 117. 6 119. 0 119.0 - 122. 0 116. 5 118. 1 117.4

1932: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 6 118. 3 116. 5 117. 7 118.9 119. 0 115.9 102.4 107.9 114. 81933:: May 1 5 ............................................ 116. 6 118. 2 112. 8 111. 6 113. 8 113. 1 _ 112. 0 108. 2 109. 2 112. 11934 : May 1 5 ............................................ 109. 1 110. 4 110. 0 108.0 110. 6 108.9 - 110. 6 104. 5 105.4 107. 51935 : May 1 5 ............................................ 108.4 108. 6 108. 0 105. 7 108. 5 108. 0 - 106. 2 104. 3 105. 1 106. 71936:: May 1 5

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