blr’s safety training presentations cranes and slings 29 cfr 1910.179 and 184 safe crane operating...
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BLR’sSafety Training Presentations
BLR’sSafety Training PresentationsCranes and Slings 29 CFR 1910.179 and 184
Safe C
rane O
perat
ing P
roce
dures
Insp
ectio
ns of
Cran
es &
Slin
gs
The A
ppro
priat
e Use
of S
lings
Cranes Are EverywhereCranes Are Everywhere
Cranes, derricks, and jib hoists are used in almost every industrial setting (tower cranes in construction & shipyards)
Cranes can be found on most construction sites (small cranes, derricks & jibs in garages, trucks & vans)
Crane and Sling GoalsCrane and Sling Goals
Crane hazards, inspection, and operations Sling inspection and use Quiz
Free Standing Jib Cranes Wall Cantilever Jib Cranes
Wall Bracket Jib Cranes
Work Station Bridge Cranes
Portable Gantry CranesMast Type Jib Cranes
Ceiling mounted Bridge Cranes
Crane HazardsCrane Hazards
Crane, sling, or hook could fail if overloaded (any accident: serious injuries, damage)
Load could flip, turn, or release suddenly if not attached correctly (striking a nearby person or object)
People or objects could be struck by the load
Crane CapacityCrane Capacity
Rated capacity clearly marked on each side of the crane
If more than one hoisting unit, each hoist must be marked with rated capacity
Markings clearly legible from the ground (and from the operator’s station)
Crane InspectionsCrane Inspections
Daily inspections and logged-monthly inspections (by the operator) include:– Operating mechanisms to ensure proper working order
– Air or hydraulic systems for leaks
– Hoist chains/ropes for wear, twisting, distortion
Periodic (at least yearly) inspections:– Deformed, cracked, or corroded components
– Loose bolts or rivets
– Wear on brakes, chain drive sprocket
General Operating RulesGeneral Operating Rules
Only trained, designated operators are permitted to operate cranes
A crane must not be loaded beyond its rated capacity
Follow all safe operating procedures
Attaching the LoadAttaching the Load
Hoist chain/rope free of kinks or twists
Do not wrap hoist chain/rope around the load
Attach the load to the load block hook with slings or other approved devices
HooksHooks
Safety latch or clip (preventing the hook from twisting out of the ring)
Load in center of hook’s curve
Picking up load with the hook’s tip causes it to open up and weaken
Replace hooks that are bent open (15% of the normal throat) or twisted (10% from the plane)
Moving the LoadMoving the Load
Be sure the hook and hoist are directly over the load (or load will move, or swing)
Ensure that chains/ropes/slings are not twisted (or load will twist, rotate, or flip)
Ensure that the load is well secured and balanced
When traveling, keep the load close to the floor
Hoisting SafetyHoisting Safety
Avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration (extra stress or load, on the crane and slings)
Watch for obstructions
Never leave controls with load suspended
Do not use cranes for side pulls (extra strain and swing)
Never lower the load below the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on the hoisting drum (never place the hoisting hook on the ground)
Hoisting and PeopleHoisting and People
Never carry loads over people
Do not hoist, lower, or travel a load when an employee is on the load or hook
When two or more cranes are lifting a load, put one qualified person in charge
Hand SignalsHand Signals
Hoist up (index finger up, rotating the wrist)
Hoist down (index finger down, rotating the wrist)
Stop (close fist)
Travel (extend arm with fingers up and motion in the direction of travel)
Crane and Sling GoalsCrane and Sling Goals
Crane hazards, inspection, and operations Sling inspection and use Quiz
Sling TypesSling Types
Eye to eye versus endless
Steel chains
Wire rope or steel cable
Metal mesh
Fiber rope (natural or synthetic)
Synthetic mesh
Operator Sling InspectionsOperator Sling Inspections
Each day before use by a trained operator
Check slings and attachments for damage
Immediately remove damaged and defective slings from service
Thorough Sling InspectionsThorough Sling Inspections
At least annually (documented), performed by a certified inspector
Chains
Wire rope
Metal mesh
Fiber rope
Synthetic web
Sling RulesSling Rules
Never load beyond rated capacity
Label properly
Never shorten with knots, bolts, or any other devices
Protect from sharp edges
Attach securely to the load
Sling Rules (cont.)Sling Rules (cont.)
Protect hands and fingers
Use care when pulling a sling
Never drag a sling
Do not use a damaged or defective sling
Sling StorageSling Storage
Hang slings on a wall
Never leave on the ground
Never expose to water, welding sparks, chemicals, etc.
Sling HitchesSling Hitches
Vertical
Choker
Basket Choker Hitch
Vertical Hitch
Basket Hitch
Sling AnglesSling Angles
Ratings based on a vertical hang
Slings hung >= 5° angle from vertical
Slings used at angles should be checked for capacity
Assume 1,000 lb. load lifted with 2 slings
Slings vertical: 500 lb. each Slings 45° from vertical: 707 lb. each Slings 60° from vertical: 1,000 lb. each
Slings 75° from vertical: 1,930 lb. each
Angle ExamplesAngle Examples
1,000 lb.
1,000 lb.
Crane and Sling GoalsCrane and Sling Goals
Crane hazards, inspection, and operations Sling inspection and use Quiz
SummarySummary
Only trained and authorized operators allowed to use a crane
Inspect both crane and slings before use
Properly secure the load and try to keep slings vertical
Keep all people away from a load while it is being hoisted or moved
Be Safe!
Tony Soares, Safety Director
Compensation Solutions, Inc.
[email protected]: 1-888-201-5680 Ext. 192
QuizQuiz
1. When do slings need to be inspected? __________
2. Wrapping the hoist’s chain/rope around the load is a safe way to hitch a load. True or False
3. Name two things on a crane that need to be inspected each day: ___________and ___________.
4. What prevents a hook from becoming disconnected from the load? _____________________________
5. Each crane must be clearly marked with its rated capacity. True or False
Quiz (cont.)Quiz (cont.)
6. Lift load high when traveling in order to avoid people or objects. True or False
7. The best way to shorten a chain sling is with a strong bolt through two links. True or False
8. When using a basket hitch, the load must be properly balanced. True or False
9. What causes slings to be subjected to loads in addition to the weight of the object? __________
10. What should be attached to every sling? __________
Quiz AnswersQuiz Answers
1. Inspect slings each day before they are used.
2. False. Never wrap the hoist’s chain/rope around the load.
3. Daily crane inspections include operating mechanisms, air/hydraulics, hoist chains/ropes.
4. A safety latch or clip prevents the hook from disconnecting from the load.
5. True. Cranes must be clearly marked with their rated capacity.
Quiz Answers (cont.)Quiz Answers (cont.)
6. False. Travel with the load as near to the ground as possible.
7. False. Never shorten a sling with a bolt or a knot.
8. True. A basket hitch requires a balanced load.
9. Hanging slings at angles causes them to be subjected to horizontal forces.
10. A label with the sling’s rated capacity.