Blood Types

A B AB O

• Four major types of blood .

• A, B, AB, and O.• Inherited from parents.• Determined by

presence or absence of an ANTIGEN on the surface of the red blood cell

• Blood protein• Located on the surface

of the red blood cell.• Either the person has it

or doesn’t have on the blood cell.

• Someone with type A blood have the A antigen, Someone with type B blood have the B antigen, type AB has both A and B antigen, and type O has neither of the antigens

AntigensUniversal

Donor O

Universal Recipient AB

Antibody – a protein in the plasma that will inactivate a foreign

substance that enters the body

• Someone with type A blood has b antibodies

• Someone with type B blood has a antibodies

• Someone with type AB blood has no antibodies

• Someone with type O blood has a and b antibodies.

Punnet

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Red Cells Also may Contain Rh factor

• If you have it, you’re Rh +

• If you don’t, you’re Rh –

• When an Rh- mother is pregnant with an Rh+ baby, the baby’s blood (usually during delivery) can mix with the mom’s blood, causing the mom’s blood to make anti Rh antibodies.

• If the mom gets pregnant again with another Rh+ positive baby, her anti Rh antibodies will attack the baby’s blood, causing Erythroblastosis Fetalis

• RHO Gam will destroy any baby blood cells in the mom, and her immune system won’t produce antibodies.

• Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection That is why research is being done on umbilical cord blood.

Disorder of the Blood…

• Anemia• Deficiency in number

or % of red blood cells

• Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Usually in women, children and adolescents

• Deficiency of iron in the diet causing insufficient hemoglobin synthesis

• Treat with iron supplements and green, leafy vegetables

Aplastic Anemia

Bone marrow does not produce enough red and white blood cells

Caused by drugs or radiation therapy

Polycythemia

•Too many red blood cells are formed.

•May be a temporary condition that occurs at high altitude.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Chronic blood disease inherited from both parents

Causes the red cells to form in abnormal sickle shape

Sickle cells break easily and carry less oxygen

Occurs primarily in African Americans

Treatment – blood transfusion

Embolism• Air, blood clot ,

cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the bloodstream until it reaches an artery too small for passage

• Also known as a “moving blood clot”

Thrombosis• The formation of a

blood clot in a blood vessel

• The blood clot is a THROMBUS

Hematoma• Localized clotted mass

of blood found in an organ tissue or space.

• Caused by an injury that can cause a blood vessel to rupture.

Hemophilia

• Hereditary

• Missing clotting factor

• Blood clots slow or abnormally

• Sex linked – transmitted genetically from mothers to sons

• Treat with missing clotting factor, avoid trauma.

Thrombocytopenia• Not enough platelets• Blood will not clot

properly

Leukemia• Malignant condition• Overproduction of

immature white blood cells

• Research on cord blood.

Blood Typing Game

• http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/landsteiner/index.html

Test Your Gray Matter…

Why is research being done on the use of newborn umbilical cord blood?

What blood type is considered to be the universal recipient?

Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of a blood protein called a/an:

What would happen if an Rh negative person were given a blood transfusion of Rh positive blood?

A pus filled cavity that forms when there is infection below the epidermis is a/an:

Mary has leukopenia as a result of her chemotherapy. Marylyn’s :

Who would be a candidate for Rho Gam?

What is the medical term for hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection

ABAntigen

He/she would develop Rh antibodies

AbcessWhite blood cell count is low

An Rh negative mother Erthroblastosis

fetalis

A deficiency in the number of red blood cells is called:

Which of the following blood disorders is inherited from both parents?

What is a hereditary disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormally?

Jake has a hematoma on his leg. What most likely caused it?

Anemia Sickle cell anemia

Hemophilia