BLOOD

The River of Life

How Much? 5 - 6 liters in an average size adult

COMPONENTS1. Plasma

Liquid portion - made mostly of waterCarries hormones, glucose, & plasma

proteins

2. Blood Cells• A. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

• Don’t have a nucleus• Disc shaped• Red color is due to hemoglobin which

carries oxygen.• Produced by the bone marrow

B. White Blood Cells (leukocytes) Have a nucleus Produced by bone marrow Attack foreign substances or organisms

Some engulf bacteria Some release chemicals to help fight disease and

resist infection

• C. Platelets (thrombocytes)• Cell fragments that help with clotting

BLOOD TYPES

• A - has antigen (protein) A on surface• B - has antigen B on surface• AB - has both antigen A and antigen B• O - has no antigens on surface

Rh factor

• Rh+ : has the protein• Rh- : does not have the protein

TRANSFUSIONS

• Transfusion = transfering the blood of another person to an individual

• Blood types must match• Type O: universal donor because can

give to any blood type• Type AB: universal recipient because

can receive blood from any blood type

Blood Disorders

• Hemophilia – (inherited) lack a protein so the blood does not clot properly

• Anemia – (variety of causes) blood does not carry enough oxygen

• Sickle cell anemia – (inherited) red blood cells shaped like a sickle

• Leukemia (a blood cancer) bone marrow makes abnormally shaped white blood cells which crowd out normal blood cells

• Hemochromatosis (inherited) too much iron builds up in the body which can damage organs

Lymphatic System Collects and returns fluid that

leaks from blood vessels

PARTS• Lymph = fluid

• Lymphatic capillaries: carry lymph back to the superior and inferior vena cava

• Lymph nodes: act as filters that trap bacteria and other microorganisms

• Spleen: destroys damaged red blood cells and platelets, also helps in phagocytosis of foreign invaders

Tonsils: trap and destroy bacteria that enter the upper respiratory tract

Thymus: T cells (a kind of white blood cell) mature in

this gland Secretes a hormone that stimulates the body’s

immune system