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Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Blood Pressure
Dino MagouNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyMaterials Science and Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Friday night?
Vital Signs
• Physiological measurements taken to quickly understand a patient’s basic body functions
• There are four basic vital signs– Temperature
– Pulse
– Blood Pressure
– Respiratory rate
Blood Pressure
• Pressure that circulating blood creates against the walls of blood vessels
• Usually taken inside the elbow at the brachial artery
• Blood pressure is reported in mmHg
• Blood pressure readings can be used to diagnose health problems
Stethoscope and Sphygmomanometer
• Used to measure blood pressure
• Operator listens to patient’s pulse while tightening the BP cuff
• When pulse can no longer be heard, pressure is released– Pressure is recorded
Diastolic and Systolic
Pumping
Resting
MAP
• MAP - Mean Arterial Pressure–Mean = Average
• Used to describe the average blood pressure in a person
• Not a simple average– Time the heart rests (diastole) is 2 times longer
than the time the heart pumps (systole)
• Normal MAP is ~ 60 mmHg
How does MAP relate to a person’s physiologic condition?
• Paramedics monitor MAP closely in patients who have suffered from sever blood loss
• Low MAP means not enough blood to vital organs
• Lack of blood affects supply of O2
– Commonly called Ischemia
• Ischemia leads to permanent organ damage/failure
How does caffeine affect your BP?
Before coffee After 3 cups of coffee
Experiment 1: Blood pressure and Temperature
• Take normal blood pressure
• Take blood pressure while having hand in bath of ice for 15 seconds
• Compare both blood pressures
• What do you think will happen?
Why did that happen?
• The cold caused discomfort, maybe even pain
• Symptoms like discomfort activate the sympathetic nervous system– “Fight or flight” response
• Zebra grazing grass
• Heart rate is increased by constraining blood vessels– This increases systolic,
diastolic and MAP
Blood Supply
• Your body needs constant pressure to supply: –Muscles with enough O2 to function
– Effectively remove waste products (eg. CO2)
• Remember: Mean arterial pressure can be used to diagnose how much blood is effectively getting to your organs
• How should exercise affect blood pressure?
Experiment 2: Blood Pressure and Exercise
• Take normal blood pressure
• Take blood pressure after having run in place for 2 minutes
• Compare both blood pressures
• What should we see?
What did your body do?
• During exercise your muscles need more blood to function properly– Blood delivers O2, and removes CO2
• In order to get that extra blood to your muscles, your heart pump faster (higher pulse) and actually increases the amount of blood per pump– This increases systolic pressure
– Diastolic pressure should decrease or remain the same
Me at the gym…
Before run After 1 mile run
Why is BP important to you?
What happens to your heart
• Heart enlarges and weakens
• High pressure can damage delicate organs– eg. Eye
• High risk of heart attack and stroke
• Permanent damage – Loss of limbs and or basic
functions
How to keep it healthy
• Don’t smoke
• Maintain healthy weight
• Exercise REGULARLY
• Keep healthy diet – Avoid excessive sodium, fat
and cholesterol
Age and BP
Recap
• Blood Pressure – how hard your heart works– Systolic (pumping)
– Diastolic (resting)
• Diet and exercise affect your Blood Pressure– Caffeine, fatty and greasy foods
• Temperature and environmental stimulus affects BP– “Fight or flight” response