blood oxygenation level dependent (bold) noise and ... · (bold) noise and behavior maurizio...

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) noise and behavior

Maurizio Corbetta

Washington University St.Louis

attention and brain recovery labDepartment of Neurology, Radiology, Anatomy and Neurobiology

Cold Spring Harbor April 3-6, 2011

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

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Blood FlowGlucoseUtilization

OxygenUtilization

OxygenAvailabilityor BOLD

Brain imaging 1985-2005

Fox and Raichle, 1986Tuesday, May 24, 2011

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Stimulation Control

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ON OFF ON OFF ON


BRAIN2% body weight

20% body energy

anatomy functionSibson et al. 1997, 1998; Shulman et al. 2001, 2004; Ames 2000, Attwell & Laughlin 2001, Lennie 2003, Wong-Riley 1989


BRAIN Task-evoked activityBRAIN

2% body weight20% body energy



BRAIN Task-evoked activity

Spontaneous activity70-80% of which 90% signaling

BRAIN2% body weight

20% body energy



Resting state functional MRI (Washington University, St. Louis)Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Hacker, Leuthardt, Corbetta unpublishedTuesday, May 24, 2011

He et al., PNAS 2008

BOLD functional connectivitymay correlate with slow cortical potentials (<0.5 Hz) and low frequency fluctuations of gamma band limited power


fMRI temporal correlation (functional connectivity)in the motor network

Biswal, Magn.Res.Imag.Medicine,1996Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks

Corbetta & Shulman, Ann.Rev.Neurosci. 2011


AG

mPFCPCC

Perceptual search-‐related BOLD deac8va8ons

L R

Lateral

Medial

Z score-‐5 -‐3

Memory search-‐related BOLD ac8va8ons

L R

AG

mPFCPCC

Z score 3 5-‐5 -‐3

Default-mode networkEpisodic memory

Fox, et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 9673-9678Sestieri, et al. (2011) J.Neurosci.


About 90% cerebral cortex is organized in networks of spontaneous activity

3T ICA separation

Mantini & Corbetta, unpublished

dorsal attentionventral attentiondefault-mode

auditoryvisual

somatomotorlanguage


Functional connectivity in macaque and mouse

Vincent et al. Nature 2007

Culver et al. PLOS 2011dorsal attention default


Summary


Spontaneous activity is organized in large-scale spatiotemporal patterns (or functional connectivity) that resemble functional networks recruited during tasks.

Summary



Functional connectivity is a higher probability state to which the cortex goes back at rest.

Summary




Origin of spontaneous activity correlation patterns?

Summary




Origin of spontaneous activity correlation patterns?Anatomy vs. Function?

Summary


BOLD functional connectivity:a physiological index of anatomical connectivity?

Hagman et al. PLOS 2008Honey et al PNAS 2009


BOLD functional connectivity:a physiological index of anatomical connectivity?

Hagman et al. PLOS 2008Honey et al PNAS 2009

Gosh et al. PLOS 2008; Jirsa et al. JNeurosci 2009; Deco et al PNAS 2010; McIntosh & Deco, Nature

Rev.Neurosci. 2011

Connectome + delays generates spontaneous fluctuations


Honey et al. PNAS 2009

Structural connectivity (SC) does not predict resting state functional connectivity (rsFC)


Anatomical Connectivity


Anatomical Connectivity

FunctionalConnectivity


• New patterns of covariance reflecting prior experience

• Strength of covariance change related to behavioral performance

• Functional connectivity as a potential correlate of predisposition and individual variability

If functional connectivity networks are not simply hard-wired, but partly reflect

the history of prior activation (fire-wire), then training should ‘sculpt’ the

functional architecture at rest


Target Presentation

Array Presentation

Fixation Spot

TrainedVisual Quadrant

Trained Shape

Paradigm and behavior

Lewis et al. PNAS 2009


Training specific for the location and target shape


Design

fMRI localizer

visual cortexperceptual learning fMRI taskfMRI rest 1 fMRI rest 2


Design

fMRI localizer

visual cortexperceptual learning fMRI task

Visual cortex

fMRI rest 1 fMRI rest 2


Design

fMRI localizer

visual cortexperceptual learning fMRI task

Visual cortexTrained-novel shapes

fMRI rest 1 fMRI rest 2


Lewis et al. PNAS 2009

Task-evoked activity: learning enhances retinotopic activity for trained over novel target

trained shapesnovel shapes


Pre-Post

att.vis. unatt.vis. DAN DMN

Pre-learning Post-learning

DAN &attendedVis.Cx

DMN &unattended

Vis.Cx

att.vis. unatt.vis. DAN DMN att.vis. unatt.vis. DAN DMN


%B

OL

D c

han

ge%

BO

LD

ch

an

ge

MR frames

Trained Visual Cortex

FEF

Lewis et al PNAS 2009

PRE-LEARNINGno correlation

POST-LEARNINGnegative correlation


Trained Visual Cortex

RFEFLFEF

RSPL

Untrained Visual CortexUntrained

Visual Cortex

Untrained Visual Cortex RAngG

RpCingLpCing

LmPFC

Learning-dependent changes in functional connectivity


post<prepost>pre

right V3A/LO-to-right FEF right V1-V3-to-right FEF

right FEF-to-right V1-V3 right FEF-to-right LO

decrease GCincrease GC

post-learningBottom-up:

decreased V1/V2>FEF increased V3A/LO>FEF

Top-dow:increased FEF>V1/V2decreaed FEF>V3/LO

decrease GCincrease GC

post-learning


Summary


Perceptual learning induces specific (retinotopic, regional) modulations of both task-evoked and resting functional connectivity.

Summary



Both task-evoked and functional connectivity changes correlate with stronger learning, and are consistent psychophysically with the development of a template for the target.

Summary




Functional connectivity may represents a prior for recruitment of task-specific cortical circuitries (predisposition).

Summary




Functional connectivity may represents a prior for recruitment of task-specific cortical circuitries (predisposition).

Learning-dependent changes in functional connectivity may underlie a systems level memory of task activation (Perception: Lewis et al, 2009; Motor: Albert et al 2009; Memory: Tambini et al 2010).

Summary


Functional connectivityand individual predisposition

Baldassare et al Current Biology in press


Functional connectivity (FC) & Early Accuracy

FC pre-learningone region

FC pre-learningall regions

Task-evoked post-learning

FC pre-learning & accuracy


Local vs. behaviorally relevant functional connectivity (FC)

Local FCVisual Cortex

FC-BehaviorVisual Cortex

Local FCAuditory Cortex

FC-BehaviorAuditory Cortex


Functional connectivity (FC) & Overall SensitivityFC pre-learning

one regionFC pre-learning

all regions

Task-evoked post-learning

FC pre-learning & sensitivity


Summary


Functional connectivity may represent a prior for recruitment of task-specific cortical circuitries (predisposition).

Summary



-positive correlation between cognitive functions (language, memory, saliency, intelligence)(Hampson et al. 2006, 2007; Kelley et al 2008).

Summary



-positive correlation between cognitive functions (language, memory, saliency, intelligence)(Hampson et al. 2006, 2007; Kelley et al 2008).

The relationship with learning or predisposition indicates a potential link with synaptic mechanisms of plasticity.

Summary


Current Biology, 2009


Acknowledgments

NINDS, NIMH, McDonnell FoundationEU Marie Curie Chair @ ITAB University of Chieti Italy

AttentionTony JackChad SylvesterGaurav PatelSerguei Astafiev

Gordon ShulmanMarcus RaichleAvi Snyder

FcMRI healthy-strokeMike FoxBiyu HeAlex Carter

Gian Luca RomaniCosimo Del GrattaClaudio Babiloni

fMRI-EEGDante MantiniGianni Perrucci

FcMRI LearningChris LewisAntonello Baldassare

TMS-EEGPaolo Capotosto

St.LouisChieti


Functional connectivity & development

Fair et al PLOS 2009Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Development of core task set and dorsal attention network(age 7-27)

Fair et al., PNAS, 2007


Hippocampal replay


III. Facilitation of neural communication


Behavioral performance follows phase of infra-slow EEG

Monto et al. JNeurosci 08Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Slow (0.1 Hz) MEG power fluctuations correlate between distant cortical regions

(De Pasquale et al., PNAS in press)

fMRI

MEGstat

MEGnon stat


43


He et al.Neuron, 2007


1012 neurons

Total number of synapses in the cerebral cortex~2x1016

inputs5-10x103

outputs5-10x103

Optic nerve:5-10x109

synapses

Corticospinaltract:

5-10x109

synapsesTuesday, May 24, 2011

1012 neurons


inputs5-10x103

outputs5-10x103


1012 neurons


inputs5-10x103

outputs5-10x103

0.1 pixel

Cortical synapses=198,000 pixels

Optic nerve CST


blood oxygenation level dependent (bold) noise and ... · (bold) noise and behavior maurizio...

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