blood in the body - st. john ambulance of malaysia,...
TRANSCRIPT
Blood in the body
Adult ≈ 6 litres (10 pints)
Or ≈ 1 litre per 13 kg of weight
Main functions
Transport
Protection
Regulation
White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell
Plasma
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Define wounds and list the types of wounds
List the types of bleeding
Outline two methods to control bleeding
Describe general management of bleeding
Describe management of wounds with foreign body,
amputation and bruising
Benefits
Be CONFIDENT in situations of
emergency
SAVE LIVES by managing wounds
and bleeding while waiting for
arrival of doctor or an ambulance
Wound
A break in the continuity of any bodily tissue
Blood escapes externally or internally
May allow germs to enter & cause infection
Types of Wound
Incised Wound
Laceration
Abrasion (graze)
Contusion (bruise)
Puncture
Wound
Stab Wound
Gunshot
Wound
Types of Bleeding
Arterial Bleeding
Venous Bleeding
Capillary Bleeding
Arterial Bleeding
Oxygenated Blood – bright red in colour
Rapidly reduce the volume
of circulating blood
Venous Bleeding
Deoxygenated blood – dark red
Less pressure than arterial blood
Severed major veins may
gush profusely
Capillary Bleeding
Usually involves little blood loss
Methods of Controlling Bleeding
Direct
Pressure
Elevation
C.A.R.E. – Management of
Wounds and Bleeding
C – Check and Control bleeding by, Cut clothing
A – Applying direct pressure and elevation,
Ask for help
R – Minimize Risks of shock and infections
E – Efficient management
Protect
yourself
General Treatment of Slight
Bleeding
Check and Control bleeding
Apply direct pressure and elevation
Risks to minimize – infections – cleaning the wound, apply dressings and securing with bandages
Efficient management of wound – ensure casualty is comfortable
General Treatment of Slight
Bleeding
C
A
R
E
Check and
Control Bleeding
Apply Direct
Pressure and
Elevation
Minimise Risk
of Infection
Efficient
Management
General Management of
Severe Bleeding
Check and Control bleeding, Cut Clothing
Apply direct pressure and elevation, Ask for help
Risks to minimize – Shock and infections
Efficient management – support injured part,
monitor vital sign (breathing, pulse and
response)
C
A
R
E
General Management of
Severe Bleeding
Check and
Control
Bleeding,
Cut Clothing
Apply Direct
Pressure and
Elevation, Ask help
Minimise Risk
of Infection and
Shock
Efficient
Management –
Monitor vitals
Questions and Answers
How do we treat slight bleeding?
C . A . R . E .
How do we manage severe bleeding?
C . A . R . E .
Check and control bleeding by applying direct pressure and elevation. Ask for help. Minimize Risks of shock and infection. Efficient management of wound
Management of wound with
embedded foreign body
Used when there are foreign objects
firmly embedded in the wound
Management of wound with
embedded foreign body
Primary Aims
To control bleeding without pressing
the object further into the wound
To minimize risk of shock and
infections
To arrange urgent removal to hospital
Beware!
Use gloves
DO NOT remove pieces that are firmly
embedded in the wound because may
damage surrounding tissue and aggravate
bleeding
Management of wound with
embedded foreign body
Check the wound, Control bleeding
Applying direct pressure on the
sides of the object and raising the
injured area above the level of the
casualty’s heart
Management of wound with
embedded foreign body
Risk – Infection
Drape a piece of gauze over the
wound and object
Build up padding on either side of
the object
Management of wound with
embedded foreign bodyHold padding in place until
bandaging is complete
Risk of Shock - treat for shock if
necessary
Efficient management - Arrange
transport to the hospital
Management of Amputation
Primary Aims
To minimize blood loss and shock
To preserve the amputated part
Management of Amputation
Control blood loss by
Applying direct pressure and raising injured
part, Ask for help
Minimize Risk of infection by applying a sterile dressing or non-fluffy clean pad, secured with a bandage. Treat for Shock
Efficient management – Urgent removal to hospital
Management of Amputation
Care of amputated part
Wrap severed part in kitchen film or a plastic bag
Wrap again in gauze or soft fabric
Place the package in another container filled with crushed ice
Mark package with time of injury and casualty’s name
Give it personally to medical personnel
Management of
Amputation
Care of amputated part
DO NOT use cotton wool on
surfaces of raw or open wounds
DO NOT wash the severed part
DO NOT allow direct contact with
ice to the severed part
Management of Bruising
Primary Aim
To reduce blood flow to the injury and
minimize swelling with cooling or compression
Summary
Wound - a break in the continuity of any bodily tissue
7 Types of Wound – Incised Wound, Laceration, Abrasion (graze), Contusion (bruise), Puncture Wound, Stab Wound, Gunshot Wound
3 types of Bleeding – Arterial, Venous, Capillary
Methods of Controlling Bleeding – Direct Pressure, Elevation
Summary
C – Check and Control bleeding by
A – Applying direct pressure and elevation,
Ask for help
R – Minimize Risks of shock and infections
E – Efficient management of wound and
bleeding
