PRESENTATION ON

BLOOD GROUP

Presented by

SAROAR JAHANRoll- 12048009

Session: 2011-12

WHAT IS BLOOD GROUP ?A blood group is a classification of blood . based on the presence or absence of inherited

antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.

This antigen may be protein, carbohydrate, glycoprotein or glycolipid depending on the blood group system.

A total of 30 human blood group systems are now recognized by ISBT.(International system of blood transfusion)

ACROSS THE 30 BLOOD GROUPS ,OVER 600 DIFFERENT BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS HAVE BEEN FOUND.

WHAT IS BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM ?

A series of antigen exhibiting similar serological & physiological

characteristics and inherited according to a specific pattern.

Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens.

They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM :

The human ABO blood groups were discovered by Austrian-born American biologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. , And earned Landsteiner a Nobel prize.

He recognized three groups—A, B, and O—based on their reactions to each other.

A fourth group, AB, was identified a year later by Decastrello & Sturli.

 According to Landsteiner RBCs have a substance (protein coat known as antigen or Aglutinogen) on their surface

And subsequent substance (immunoglobulin known as antibody Aglutinin) in their plasma….According to this antigen blood is divided into 4 groups A , B , AB & O

CHARACTERISTICS OF ABO BLOOD GROUP

CHARACTERISTICS OF ABO BLOOD GROUPBLOOD GROUP DONATE TO RECEIVE FROM

A A & AB A & O B B & AB B & O

AB AB A , B , AB & O

 O A , B , AB & O O. 

Agglutination Reaction

DETERMINED BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF AB AGGLUTINOGENS ON RBC CELL MEMBRANES

An individual with type A : Only the a antigen are present on cell membrane

Thus, a group A individual with the RBCs have anti-B antibodies

Can receive from A & O bloodCan donate to A OR AB individuals

An individual with type B :

Only the B antigen are present on the RBCs cell membrane

Group B individual will have anti-a antibodiesCan receive from B & O bloodCan donate to B OR AB individuals

AN INDIVIDUAL WITH TYPE AB : Both the a and b antigen are present on the RBCs cell

membrane Antibodies against A & B antigen are not preoduce in the

individualsCan receive from A B AB &O blood transfusions

(universal recepient)Can donate to AB individualsAn individual with type O :Neither a nor b antigens are present on the RBCs cell

membraneAntibodies against A & B antigen are produce in

the individualsO individual can only receive O blood transfussionCan donate to A B AB & O individuals (universal

donor)

Clinical significance of ABO antibodies

ABO antibodies are of major clinical significance for Three reasons:

they are naturally occurring are found universally. and, they are highly reactive(( MOST OF THE ANTIBODIES ARE

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) 0r M (IgM)and SOMETIMES A (IgA))

IMPORTANCE OF THE ABO SYSTEM

ABO blood grouping is required for all of the following individuals :

In patternity testing In forensic medicine

Certain blood disease  Transfusion recepient since we need to know the donor blood is

abo compatible.

Blood donors since it can be life threatening to give that wrong abo group to the patient

And various experimental studies etc.  

THANK YOU ALL