Blood Borne Blood Borne PathogensPathogens

And Universal And Universal PrecautionsPrecautions

Presented byPresented by: : Catherine MarrCatherine Marr

We will Cover-We will Cover-What is a Blood Borne PathogenWhat are Universal Precautions

Why?Why?OSHA standard

– anyone whose job requires exposure to Blood Borne pathogens is required to complete training

– employees who are trained in CPR and first aid…Athletic Trainers!

Chapter Chapter ObjectivesObjectives • Explain what bloodborne pathogens are and how they

can infect coaches and athletes.• Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of

hepatitis B (HBV).• Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.• Describe how HIV is most often transmitted.• List the pros and cons of sports participation of athletes

with HBV or HIV infection.• Identify universal precautions as mandated by the

Occupational Safety and Health Administration and how they apply to the coach.

• Discuss various types of skin wounds (1st Aid).

What is a Blood Borne What is a Blood Borne PathogenPathogen??

Blood borne PathogensBlood borne Pathogens – microorganisms that are present in human blood that can cause disease

Potentially Infectious Human Body FluidsPotentially Infectious Human Body Fluids – fluids in which blood borne pathogens may be present.

•Blood, Mucus, Body Secretions/ Fluids (Semen, Vaginal secretions, Cerebrospinal fluid, Synovial fluid, Saliva, Vomit, Urine, Feces), Skin/ body tissue (torn or loose skin), etc…

How Do I Know When To Be How Do I Know When To Be Careful?Careful?

• Every contact should be considered potentially harmful, because not everyone knows they are ill or is willing to share their health information.

• Take precautions every time you are in contact with the body fluids or tissues of another person.

ExposureExposure•For exposure to occur you must haveFor exposure to occur you must have

–a port of exit, –mode of transmission –port of entry.

•If any part of this is interrupted, the chain is broken and transmission will not occur. •That is why taking the precautions are so important.•If you get blood or other bodily fluids on healthy skin you will not become infected.

–You are not a sponge and the virus can not soak through.

How Do Germs/Pathogens How Do Germs/Pathogens Enter My Body?Enter My Body?

• Open cuts & scratches• Abrasions or scrapes• Dermatitis• Acne• Mucous membranes of mouth, eyes,

& nose

Common Blood Borne Common Blood Borne PathogensPathogens

• Types of bloodborne pathogens:– Hepatitis B– Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– Hepatitis C– Hepatitis D– Syphilis

Objective: Explain what bloodborne pathogens are and how they can infect coaches and athletes.

Hepatitis B Can Hepatitis B Can Survive On Survive On

Environmental Environmental Surfaces Surfaces For Up To For Up To

One WeekOne Week

Hepatitis B & C Virus (HBV/ HCV) blood borne pathogen that causes inflammation of the liver, chronic liver disease and death

•Hepatitis means: inflammation of the liver •Vaccine is available for Hepatitis B only•HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood•Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the United States•To protect oneself from being infected with the hepatitis virus you should use Standard Precautions ALWAYS •One is often unaware of infection/ Often one has no symptoms or may have flu like symptoms

–Symptoms: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting

Common Blood Borne Common Blood Borne PathogensPathogensHepatitisHepatitis

Objective: Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of hepatitis B (HBV).

Modes Of Modes Of Transmission Transmission Hepatitis A Hepatitis A

• Fecal - oral route• Improper food handling• Clothing• Raw, contaminated shellfish• Poor hand washing after restroom

use

Modes Of Modes Of Transmission Transmission Hepatitis BHepatitis B

• Contact with contaminated surfaces• Eyes• Mouth• Broken Skin• Tattoo• Body Piercing• Shared razor, earrings, toothbrush• Sexual Contact

Modes Of Transmission Modes Of Transmission Hepatitis CHepatitis C

• Blood• Transfusion• Organ transplant

Common Blood Borne Common Blood Borne PathogensPathogens

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – blood borne pathogen that attacks the body’s immune system, causing the disease known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). • HIV does not survive well outside the body (Not

a very resilient virus)• No threat of contracting HIV through casual

contact – Sexual contact– Blood– Some body fluids– Body tissues

Objective: Describe the transmission, symptoms, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Describe how HIV is most often transmitted.

Where Can I Find These Where Can I Find These Pathogens?Pathogens?

• Hands• Desks• Floors• Scissors• Exacto Blades• Door knobs• Books

• Diapers• Broken glass• Sharp metal• Needles• Knives• Orthodontic wires• Restroom surfaces• And more

How Do I Prevent How Do I Prevent Transmission?Transmission?

• Hand washing vigorously for at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water

• Gloves• Disinfect with KISD approved cleaners• Double bag contaminated articles• Remove contaminated materials from

work area ASAP• Dispose of sharps in appropriate

container

Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens in Athleticsin Athletics

Items to be covered: • What are the risks of transmitting a

communicable virus?• Who makes the policies relative to

transmission of bloodborne pathogens?• Who should be tested?• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991

Objective: List the pros and cons of sports participation of athletes with HBV or HIV infection.

Universal Precautions in Universal Precautions in an Athletic Environmentan Athletic Environment

Objective: Identify universal precautions as mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and how they apply to the coach.

•Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)•Prepare the athlete•What happens when bleeding occurs in competition?•Personal precautions

Universal PrecautionsUniversal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions – guidelines that require staff to treat all blood,

body fluids, sewage and similar materials as infected with a blood borne pathogens

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)– Equipment that is required to protect personnel from coming in contact with blood and body fluids (Gloves, Masks, Face Shields etc.)Should only be worn once and thrown away

Gloves should be removed one at a timeAs you remove your hand from the glove, turn it inside out. Take the other hand out of the 2nd glove,Turning it inside out and place them into the 1st glove for disposal.Wash hands immediately after removal of gloves

One way valve breathing barrier device for trauma team members to be used if performing CPR

Soap and Water Soap and Water Hand WashingHand Washing

Hand Washing • Wash hands immediately after removing Personal

Protective Equipment• Use a soft antibacterial soap

– A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible

• Wash for 15-20 sec (sing “Happy Birthday”)– Wet hands with warm water– Apply soap– For at least 20 seconds, rub hands together, making sure to spread

soap foam on palms, between fingers, fingertips and backs of hands– Rinse hands under running water– Pat hands dry with paper towels– Turn of water using paper towel to prevent recontamination of

hands

Hand Sanitizers UseHand Sanitizers Use• Apply a dime sized portion of hand

sanitizer to the palm of your hand• Wet the fingertips of each hand with the

sanitizer• Rub hands palm to palm, between fingers,

and the back of hands• Continue rubbing until your hands are dry

To prevent illness To prevent illness WWash hands frequentlyash hands frequently

BEFORE• You eat• Treat a break in skin• Care for ill

person/animal• Insert or remove

contact lenses

AFTER• Use restroom• Handle uncooked

foods• Change a diaper• Sneeze, cough or

blow your nose• Handle garbage• Care for ill/injured• Touch an animal• Remove gloves used

as personal protective equipment

Clean Up & Clean Up & DecontaminationDecontamination

Always cleanup, decontaminate & dispose of all contaminated material in the proper manner

• Articles contaminated with blood, should be thrown away in a triple bagged garbage can.

• If contaminated articles are thrown away in a classroom wastebasket, have a custodian remove it as soon as possible.

• If an article is saturated with blood, it should be placed in a red biohazard bag.

Do not pick up broken glass with bare hands

Call the Janitorial Staff for clean up• Always wear PPE (gloves) • Do an initial wipe up• Spray surface with approved cleaner (10% bleach solution, 70% alcohol

or other disinfectant) and allow it to stand for ten minutes then wipe up• Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers• PPE should be removed and

disposed of in biohazard containers

Biohazard ContainersBiohazard ContainersThe universal BIOHAZARD sign

is used to alert employees that containers may contain infectious materials.

Sharps Container(s) – Red, used to discard contaminated, presumed contaminated or non-contaminated) sharps.

Exposure Exposure IncidentIncidentA specific incident of contact with potentially

infectious bodily fluidIf there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open

skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure

Report all exposures accidents/ incidents involving blood or bodily fluids to the Building Principal, Athletic Trainers, Nurse or your supervisor immediately

Post exposure procedures– Medical evaluation– Documentation of exposure route– Blood test – Counseling– Evaluation of reported illness

Skin Wounds Skin Wounds • Types of skin

wounds– Abrasion (A)– Laceration (B)– Puncture (C)– Incision (D)– Avulsion (E)

Objective: Discuss various types of skin wounds.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

SummarySummaryTreat all blood and bodily fluids as if

they are contaminatedConsider every contact potentially

harmful.Always use Personal Protective

Equipment (gloves)Wash your hands frequently (often)Dispose of contaminated material

properly If exposed- report it immediately

For more For more informationinformation

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration http://www.osha.gov

• HIV/AIDS Prevention http://cdc.gov/nchstp/hiv_aids/dhap

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov

• Bloodborne pathogens self-study modulehttp://www2.umdnj.edu/eohssweb/bbp/intro.htm

QUESTIONS????QUESTIONS????