blood
TRANSCRIPT
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EXPT. 14 BLOOD
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BLOOD
Connective tissue circulating consisting of several types of cells
Greek word “haima” which means blood
Produced from the bone marrow (Hematopoiesis)
medical terms related to blood use the prefix hemo- or hemato
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Functions
1. TRANSPORTATION- carries O2 and nutrients to the cells
- transports CO2 and wastes from the tissues to the lung and kidneys where wastes can be removed
2. REGULATION- regulate body temperature- pH regulation
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Functions
3. PROTECTION-clotting mechanisms prevent blood loss through hemmorhage when blood vessels become damaged-white blood cells helps protect the body against diseases
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PLASMA – aqueous solution where formed elements (RBC, WBC, platelets) are suspended
- liquid that can be separated from whole blood and contains fibrinogen
SERUM- supernatant fluid from coagulated blood
- SERUM = plasma - fibrinogen
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HEMOGLOBIN
o Iron containing protein that acts as carrier of O2 from the lungs to the tissues
o Pigment that gives the color of RBC
o OXYHEMOGLOBIN- O2 molecule + iron ion of heme
o CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN- CO2 + hemoglobin
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A. Separation of serum from the whole blood
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B. TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES
BENEDICT’S TEST
Serum + Bemedict’s rgt. POSITIVE RESULT: brick red ppt. Indicates the presence of sugar in blood
serum
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C.TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF PROTEINS
1. TEST FOR SERUM ALBUMIN AND GLOBULIN serum + sat. (NH4)2SO4 red orange
solution with precipitate add NaCl precipitate dissolved
and formation of white solution
o (NH4)2SO4 – precipitating agento NaCl – dissolving agent
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D. CHLORIDE DETERMINATION serum + AgNO3 white ppt.
o Chemical equation involved in the reaction:
Cl- + AgNO3 AgCl + NO3
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E. PHOSPHATE DETERMINATION
Serum + (NH4)2MoO4 yellow ppt.
o Chemical reaction involved:
PO4-3 + NH4 MoO4 (NH4)3PO4
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F. TEST FOR FIBRIN IN THE CLOTTED BLOOD
FIBRIN: pink cream color and thread like structure
Fibrin + Millon’s rgt. Brick red ppt. Brick red ppt. indicates the presence of
tyrosine
Fibrin + Hopkin’s Cole Violet ring at the junction Violet ring formation indicates the presence
of tryptophan
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G. TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF CHOLESTEROL
LIEBERMANN BURCHARD TEST
Alcohol- ether mixture + whole blood residue +chloroform clear light green solution
Standard cholesterol dark green solution
evaporate
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H. IRON DETERMINATION
Whole blood ash + HCl filtrate + NH4SCN salmon pink sol’n
The purpose of adding NH4SCN is to detect the presence of Iron in the blood
evaporate
filter
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I. BLOOD GASES
Whole blood + dist. H2O brick red sol’n due to the presence of oxyhemoglobin
whole blood + dist. H2O + Stoke’s sol’n
dark red sol’n with precipitate and bubbles reduced hemoglobin
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BLOOD CLOTTING
Clot formation results in a mass of protein fibers, trapped blood cells and platelet that repair the injury sustained.
CLOTTING FACTORS – elements involved in clotting
BLOOD CLOTTING MECHANISM: 1. Intrinsic pathway- factors found in the
blood2. Extrinsic pathway- factors outside the
bloodstream
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CLOT
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