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Blockchain 101 An introduction to blockchain technology Primechain Technologies Pvt. Ltd. www.primechain.in

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Page 1: Blockchain_101

Blockchain 101An introduction to blockchain technology

PrimechainTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.www.primechain.in

Page 2: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics One-way Hash Functions

Input Hash

sanya 834ac48d8e6d1d7f0b8d21a5b3e81446f5a4caa63765cc23836f61844b67fb83

SANYA 4247bff9d41c0f2da68ef43c5624531da9ca5bc31b39760a67e32265082e1ba8

Sanya 513a15ed036e62c14b41b2608a5bb18aa7af2a3502c90b892f9dddabaf136bc2

þ  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain o  Miners o  Key issues

Input Hash b48928ef0131d6fb61b5cee25163ae104a25f0edbd4230f2e7b3daa4a9b057d3

043a718774c572bd8a25adbeb1bfcd5c0256ae11cecf9f9c3f925d0e52beaf89

Page 3: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics þ  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain o  Miners o  Key issues

•  Hash functions take an electronic record (such as a PDF file, a video, an email etc.) and produce a fixed-length output e.g. 64 characters.

•  If the information is changed in any way – even a comma is changed in a 3000 page document – a different output value is produced.

•  There’s no way to calculate the original record from the hash.

Page 4: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics 1. Sender^Receiver^Date^Nonce 2. Hash begins with 4 zeros

input [email protected]^[email protected]^10092016^1hash 288721860bec3a490811981c831702d4f41e54c3f8c183c5650ac73ff231659c

input [email protected]^[email protected]^10092016^66504hash 00006bcc72f130eedbe9830c47e8d9f500d1e232540b03e095950aa798e2b97d

...increasenonce7ll….

Compu7nghashisnottrivial,verifica7onis.

input [email protected]^[email protected]^10092016^2hash 241e2b81192c0aa918c14f2896522428ccb77e937cade900d8f052ec3966c9cf

o  Hash functions þ  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain o  Miners o  Key issues

Page 5: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work þ  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain o  Miners o  Key issues

ca5a24fd32719e92ac0e11d705c08185

a38fd4645fc52a677671714737be7c10

9500534f00cc150fcef7894b88ca24af

635f566fcabc9b0b366a3f6e746b130f

Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data 4

d1202543e0b0edb8283a89eaf8be4375 62e5456ae95e4810e9369c36677ec76c

4f68594945ccded4d77a01992db7f4c5

Page 6: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree þ  Blockchain o  Miners o  Key issues

Block16

Prev Hash Timestamp

Tx Root Nonce

Block17

Prev Hash Timestamp

Tx Root Nonce

Block18

Prev Hash Timestamp

Tx Root Nonce

1. Ordered and time-stamped record. 2. Prevents double-spending. 3. Prevents modification of previous records.

Page 7: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain þ  Miners o  Key issues

•  While a gold miner digs into the earth to discover gold, a bitcoin miner uses computational power to calculate hashes.

•  To add an entire block to the block chain, a Bitcoin miner must successfully hash a block header to a value below the target threshold.

•  Miners spend on computational power and electricity and are compensated by way of a reward for each block they mine and transaction fees.

•  Miners usually operate as part of a large pool instead of as individuals.

Page 8: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain þ  Miners o  Key issues

Page 9: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain þ  Miners o  Key issues

Page 10: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain þ  Miners o  Key issues

Page 11: Blockchain_101

Blockchain basics o  Hash functions o  Proof of work o  Merkle Tree o  Blockchain o  Miners þ  Key issues

q  BitcoinplaDormvs.thebitcoincryptocurrencyq  TheBlockchainvs.privateblockchains

q  Permissionedblockchains

StuffthatonlyblockchainsCANdo

StuffthatblockchainsCANdobeIer

StuffthatblockchainsCANNOTdo

Crypto-currencies •  Dataauth&verificaNon•  SecuriNessePlement

Highspeedtrading

Page 12: Blockchain_101

Blockchain use case: Capital markets

Issues solved 1.  Securing ownership & transfers 2.  Post trade ecosystem would benefit by faster processing, increased

security, and lower costs.

Examples 1.  Issuing shares & other securities 2.  Regulatory Disclosures 3.  eVoting Systems 4.  KYC system 5.  Escrows

Page 13: Blockchain_101

Blockchain use case: Banking & Finance

Issues solved 1.  Reduce the cost of money transfer 2.  Securing ownership & transfers 3.  Optimized lending

Examples 1.  Money Transfer Services 2.  Micro-payments 3.  p2p lending 4.  KYC system 5.  Mortgage & Loan records 6.  Escrows 7.  Payment systems

Page 14: Blockchain_101

Blockchain use case: Government, regulators

Issues solved 1.  Reducing counterfeiting 2.  Authentication & verification of records 3.  Reducing fraud 4.  Record keeping accuracy

Examples 1.  Academic records, Birth certificates, Business ownership records, Identity documents,

2.  National Vehicle registries 3.  Court and police records 4.  Property records 5.  Regulatory records 6.  e-Auctions

Page 15: Blockchain_101

Primechain Technologies

BuildingblockchainsforabePerworld

PrimechainTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.410,SupremeHeadquarters,Mumbai-BangaloreHighway,NearAudiShowroom,Baner,Pune-411045(INDIA)Phone:(91)020-66243952Email:[email protected]