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CARE NAMPALLY COLLEGE OF NURSING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation “A st dy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood

donation a&on$ ' st year ()Sc n rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+

(an,ara hi##s+ -ydera%ad).is a %ona/ed "or! of Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+Ms)Chinch )N)P+

Ms)Chin, )(a%y+Ms)Christy)S nny+Ms)-oney)Cherian+()Sc)0N1 I2 year+34'')

Re$istered No)5

46788449

467884''

467884'3

467884'7

4678843'



:r)2as ndhra+T #si+

Princi*a#

CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$

:ate; (an,ara -i##s

-ydera%ad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that “A st dy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ ' st year

()Sc n rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+ (an,ara hi##s+-ydera%ad+. "as carried o t%y Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+Ms)Chinch )N)P+Ms)Chin, )(a%y+Ms)Christy)S nny+<

Ms)-oney Cherian+ nder the $ idance of Ms)S)Pa=ithra+#ect rer+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of

N rsin$)

G ide;

Ms)S)Pa=ithra

Lect rer


-ydera%ad)

Si$nat re;

:ate;

:ECLARATION (Y T-E CAN:I:ATE



>e here %y dec#ared that this dissertation entit#ed “A st dy to assess !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ooddonation a&on$ ' st year ()Sc n rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+(an,ara-i##s+-ydera%ad+.is a %ona/ed and $en ine research "or! carried o t %y s nder the $ idance ofMs)S)Pa=ithra+#ect rer+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$)

Si$nat re of the candidates;

:ate;

P#ace; -ydera%ad

Re$)No;

46788449

467884''

467884'3

467884'7

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TA(LE OF CONTENTS

Cha*ter Contents Pa$e no)

I INTRO:UCTION

?Need for the st dy

?State&ent of the *ro%#e&

?S*eci/c o%,ecti=es

?O*erationa# de/nitions

?Ass &*tions



?2aria%#es

?:e#i&itations

?Conce*t a# fra&e "or!

?S &&ary

II RE2IE> OF LITERATURE

?Literat re re#ated to!no"#ed$e on %#ooddonation a&on$ n rsin$st dents

?S &&ary

III MET-:OLOGY

?Research a**roach

?Research desi$n

?Settin$ of the st dy

?Po* #ation

?Sa&*#e and sa&*#e si@e

?Sa&*#in$ techni e

?Sa&*#in$ criteria

?Method of data co##ection?:e=e#o*&ent anddescri*tion of the too#

?2a#idity of the too#

?P#an for *i#ot st dy

?P#an for data ana#ysis

?S &&ary

I2 ANALYSIS AN:INTERPRETATION

2 :ISCUSSION +SUMMARYAN: LIMITATION

?:isc ssion

?S &&ary



?I&*#ication

?Li&itations

?Reco&&endations

(I(LIOGRAP-Y

ANNEBURE

LIST OF TA(LES

SL NO) TITLE PAGE NO

' estions re#ated to %#ood

3 estions re#ated to criteria for %#ood donation

7 estions re#ated to d rin$ %#ood donation

D estions re#ated to after %#ood donation

8 estions re#ated to co&*#ication and&ana$e&ent

LIST OF FIGURES

SLNO

TITLE PAGE NO

' Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of a$e

3 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of se

7 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of ed cation of *arents

D Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of re#i$ion

8 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of e *erience of %#ood donation

Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donationcenters



6 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of the o=era## !no"#ed$e of n rsin$st dents on %#ood donation

Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to a$e

9 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to se

'4 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to ed cation of *arents

'' Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to re#i$ion

'3 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to e *erience of %#ooddonation

'7 Gra*hica# re*resentation on *ercenta$edistri% tion of !no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$st dents in re#ation to a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ooddonation centers

ACHNO>LE:GEMENT>e *raise and than! God for the o**ort nity he $a=e s and the %#essin$ %esto"ed o=er

s)>itho t hi& o r st dy "o #d ha=e %een inco&*#ete)

Than!s is s ch a s&a## "ord % t it contain a heartfe#t of $ratit de and a**reciationto a## those "ho &oti=ated+$ ided and enco ra$ed s thro $ho t o r st dy)

The in=esti$ators are $reatef # to the a#&i$hty for ena%#in$ s to co&*#ete st dys ccessf ##y)

The in=esti$ator e *resses sincere than!s and $ratit de to :r)T)2as ndhara T #si+

*rinci*a#+ CNCON+-ydera%ad for her ti&e#y he#* and =a# a%#e s $$estions thro $h o t the co rse ofst dy and &a!in$ it s ccess)

The in=esti$ators e *resses sincere than!s and $ratit de to Ms)Pa=ithra + c#ass coordinator+CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$ for her e ce##ent+enth siastic and constant $ idance and s **ort inthe *re*aration and co&*#etion of the st dy s ccessf ##y)

>e thin! that "e $ot a *ri=i#e$e to to %e st dents nder the $ idance of Ms)Pa=ithra + Lect rer toco&*#ete this *ro,ect) So "e "o #d #i!e to than! her for enor&o s s **ort and her =a# a%#es $$estions)



Gratef # than!s are reser=ed to a## the e *erts and fac #ties for their enco ra$e&ent+s **ort and constr cti=e criticis& in c#arifyin$ conce*ts and in *re*aration of the too# and in the st dy)

The in=esti$ators e *ress $ratit de to other t"o *eo*#e "ho had he#*ed a## of s in cond ctin$the st dy)They are Mr) a&eer and Mr)Si=a Ganesh0#i%rarian<co&* ter instr ctor1)They he#*ed s insearchin$ thro $h the internet a#so to $o thro $h a## the ,o rna#s and &a$a@ines in the #i%rary)

>e "o #d #i!e to e tend o r than!s to o r *arents "ho had $i=en s **ort in a## the *s anddo"ns in o r *ro,ect)

O r heartfe#t than!s to a## o r friends and o r c#ass&ates "ho "ere "ith s a## thro $h thest dy) >e "o #d e tend o r than!s to a## o r %e#o=ed seniors for their he#* to $et the *ro,ect in thisfor&)

The core of the research is the sa&*#e )So o r stren$th is the ' st year N rsin$ st dents "ho*artici*ated "i##in$#y)>e cannot c#ose this *a$e "itho t considerin$ the&)

Once a$ain "e e *ress o r heartf # than!s to God a#&i$hty "ho *ro=ided s the "isdo& andnderstandin$ to co&*#ete this &an scri*t)

Than!in$ yo J))

Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson)

Ms)Chinch )N)P)

Ms)Chin, )(a%y)

Ms)Christy)S nny)

Ms)-oney)Cherian)

CHAPTER -I

INTRODUCTION

World blood donor day is celebrated on the 14 th o !"ne e#ery year to $ar% the birth anni#ersary o &arl

'ansteiner (ho disco#ered the blood )ro"* syste$+



,lood donation is carried o"t (hen a *erson #ol"nterly a)rees or blood to be dra(n (ith the intention o

donatin) it+ ,lood donation $ay be o di erent %inds in the de#elo*ed co"ntries "n *aired donors )i#e blood to re*lenish a

co$$"nity s"**ly ho( e#er blood donation is carried o"t accordin) to de$and as the established blood ties are

e.tre$ely li$ited+ A *erson can ha#e blood dra(n and stored or "t"re "se+

In 1//0 WHO set a tar)et or all blood donors to be "n*aired #ol"nteers b"t statistics in 223 re#ealed

that only 4/ o 1 4 co"ntries s"r#eyed had achie#ed this tar)et+ Ty*ically it is $andatory or *otentially donors are

*hysically e.a$ined by a *hysician and their $edical history also e.a$ined+ They (ill also ha#e their blood screened or

diseased that are easily trans$itted thro")h blood donation s"ch as #iral he*atitis and AID +

The a$o"nt o (hole blood donated $ay #ary bet(een 522 $l to 622 $l71 *int8 collection $ay be carried

by $an"ally or "sin) a"to$ated e9"i*$ents latter hel*in) to dra( s*eci ic co$*onent ro$ the blood+ Ho( o ten a

donor can donate #aries ro$ days to $onths based on (hich co$*onent o the blood they are donatin) and the loss o the

co"ntry Where the donation ta%e *lace+

The ear o HI: screenin) (as a $a;or hindrance and li$itation to #ol"ntary blood donation a$on)

*eo*le+ The *hysical har$ and ear (ere o"nd to be the co$$on reason or not donatin) blood+ o$e $ay ha#e the ear

o collectin) instr"$ents $i)ht not be sterile+

TATI TIC

<,lood donation collected in the "s in each year is abo"t 16 $illion+

<,lood donates in the "s is abo"t = $illions each year+

<Abo"t 4+/ $illion *eo*le recei#ed blood each year in the "s

<Abo"t => o the "nit o blood collected by the A$erican Red cross are donated by 13 years old+

<:ol"ntary blood donors ha#e increased the s"**ly o blood by 3> in the (orld+ Ho(e#er de$and has increased by =>+

<Only 6> o donors (ho are eli)ible donate blood nation (ide+

<Trans "sion n"$ber increases by />each year+

<Each year $ore than 46 $illion A$ericans and Canadians need blood trans "sions+

<In the "s and Canada aro"nd 45222 *ints o blood is "sed e#eryday+

<Abo"t 6> o all *eo*le (orld(ide re9"ire blood atleast once in their li eti$e+

<One in e#ery 0 *atients enterin) the hos*ital needs blood+

<?e$ales recei#e abo"t 65> and $ales recei#es abo"t 40> o blood trans "sion+



NEED ?OR TUD@

,lood donation is carried o"t (hen a *erson #ol"ntarly a)rees or blood to be dra(n (ith the intension o

donatin) it+ Data on the attit"des o $edical and n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donation are scanty+ ince this )ro"* is

*otential b"t "nder "tiliBed so"rce o blood donors t"dyin) their attit"des co"ld *ro#ide insi)ht in to donor related

beha#ior and hence ha#e i$*lications or donor recr"ite$ent *ro)ra$$es+ The st"dy is i$*ortant to $eas"re their

"nderstandin) o blood donation that is $oti#ators and reasons or beco$in) a blood donor and the $yths and ears that

$i)ht deter blood donation+

The $ain o the st"dy is to analyBe the %no(led)e o st"dent n"rses identi y the obstacles to blood

donation+As n"rses *ractices in e.*anded roles in a #ariety o settin)s attention $"st be *aid to teachin) the$ ho( to

*ro$ote the blood donation+

TATE ENT O? THE PRO,'E

OBJECTIVES

* To assess the knowledge of nursing students about blood donation .

* To find out the association of selected variables with the knowledge of nursing students on blood donation.

VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

?A$e

?Se

?Ed cation of the *arents

?Re#i$ion

?E *erience of %#ood donation?A=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers

:EPEN:ENT 2ARIA(LES

?Hno"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents re$ardin$ %#ood donation



OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

ASSESS: Information obtained about blood donation through structured questionnaires.

K !"#E$%E: The understanding of nursing students about blood donation as assessed b& written res'onses of nursing students

through structured self answered questionnaire.

()SI % ST($E TS: Students stud&ing first &ear .Sc nursing in +A)E am'all& college of nursing ,&derabad.

#!!$ $! ATI! : 'rocess of giving

ASSUMPTIONS

? The n rsin$ st dents "i## ha=e the !no"#ed$e a%o t %#ood donation)

?The res*onses of n rsin$ st dents to the str ct red estionnaire"o #d reKect the tr e !no"#ed$e on %#ood donation)

?N rsin$ st dents &ay res*ond to the str ct red estionnaire "itho t disc ssin$ the too# "ith others and referrin$ %oo!s)

DELIMITATIONSThe study is delimited to :?' ST YEAR (sc n rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e Of N rsin$)

blood and bloodcom'onents b& the donars.

+! +E-T(A# )A/E"!)K

+once'tual framework is theoreticall&0 scientificall& based on em'hasi1ing the selection 0 arrangement and

classification ofr the conce't0 dealt within the stud&. A conce'tual framework involves a model0 made u' of conce'ts which are

images of 'henomenon.

According to Abdella and +anine a conce'tual framework stands on functional relationshi' between the events

and it is not limited to statistics.



In 'resent stud& a diagrammatic re'resentation of the conce't of stud& is shown in the figure2:2. The knowledge

of the nursing students about blood donation de'end u' on their age0 se30 'arents education0 religion0 e3'erience of blood

donation0 and availabilit& of blood donation centers0 which are interlinked and ma& affect knowledge regarding blood donation.

$orothea orem4s self care theor& is a''licable to this stud&5 This focuses on actual and 'otential deficit and

'eo'les abilit& to 'erform their efficienc&.

A$e Se Parents ed cation Re#i$ion E *erience A=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centre

HNO>LE:GE REGAR:ING (LOO: :ONATION

?(#ood

?Criteria for %#ood donation

?: rin$ %#ood donation

?After %#ood donation

?Co&*#ication and &anae&ent

CHAPTER-II

RE:IEW O? 'ITERATURE

1+ r+ Ra;a)o*alan cond"cted a st"dy on Attit"des o $edical and n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donation +

The so"rces (as Christian $edical colle)e and hos*ital #ellore Ta$ilnad" India+ Data on the attit"des o $edical and

n"rsin) st"dents to(ards blood donation are scanty+ ince this )ro"* is *otential b"t "nder "tiliBed so"rces o blood

donors st"=dyin) their attit"des co"ld *ro#ide insi)ht to donor related beha#ior and hence ha#e i$*lications or donor

recr"ite$ent *ro)ra$$es The attit"des to(ards blood donation and re9"ency o blood donation o 520 $edical and

n"rsin) st"dents (ere st"died "sin) a scale to $eas"re a ect beha#ior and co)nition+ Accordin) to indin)s o the st"dy

the attit"des (ere o"nd to be *ositi#e in all 5 scales+ While the beha#ior scale si)ni icantly discri$inated donors ro$ non

donors no si)ni icant di erences (ere obser#ed in the a ect and co)nition scales+ They concl"ded that in a $edically

oriented *o*"lation donors and non donors donor di er si)ni icantly in their senti$ents to(ards blood donation+

A(O2E A2ERAGE A2ERAGE

(ELO>A2ERAGE



+Wi(anit%it : cond"cted ast"dy on %no(led)( abo"t blood donation a$on) a sa$*le o Thai Uni#ersity

st"dents + The so"rce (as de*art$ent o laboratory $edicine ac"lty o $edicine ch"lalon)%orn "ni#ersity ,an)o%+ The

%no(led)e o the *eo*le abo"t blood donation and attit"des to(ards blood donation are inadea9"ate es*ecially in r"ral

areas+ Accordin) to Thai Redcross ociety the $ost #ol"nterly blood donors are "ni#ersity st"dents+ The ob;ecti#e o the

st"dy is to assess their %no(led)e o #ol"ntary non- re$"nerator blood donation+ 422 st"dents (ere ta%en as $aterial+ A

sel ad$inistered 9"estionnaire and ace to ace inter#ie( on #ario"s as*ects o blood donation (ere "sed as $ethod or

data collection+ ,y cond"ctin) the st"dy they ca$e to %no( that =2> o the *artici*ants %no( abo"t blood donation only

11> had e#er donated blood #ol"nterly+

5+ Hosain F Anis"BBa$an ,e)"$ (ere cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e and attit"de to(ards #ol"ntary

blood donation a$on) Dha%a "ni#ersity st"dents in ,an)ladesh + The so"rce (as Di*+ In *ri$ary health care chool o

*"blic health Uni#ersity o Te.as Ho"ston health science center 00252 U A+ The st"dy cond"cted (as cross sectional

descri*ti#e st"dy+ The ob;ecti#e o the st"dy is to assess their %no(led)e and attit"dinal #ariables to(ards #ol"ntary non-

re$"nerated blood donation + 22 st"dents (ere ta%en as sa$*le and (ere inter#ie(ed ace to ace "sin) a str"ct"red

9"estionnaire+ A ter cond"ctin) the st"dy they o"nd that = > o the *artici*ants ha#e a *ositi#e attit"des to(ards blood

donation and only 13> had e#er donated blood #ol"ntarily+ Physical har$ and ear (ere o"nd to be the co$$on reason

or not donatin) blood+ The res"lts also sho(ed that a hi)h n"$ber o *artici*ants had a ne)ati#e attit"de to(ards *aid

blood donation+ They s"))est that a**ro*riate $oti#ational ca$*ai)n sho"ld be la"nched i$$ediately a$on) the

*o*"lation to con#ert this a#orable attit"de to(ards blood donation in to a re)"lar *ractice in order to increase the

#ol"ntary blood donation in ,an)ladesh+

4+:as9"es Ibarra * aldonado (ere cond"cted a st"dy on blood donationG &no(led)e and attit"de o

Uni#ersity *o*"lation in Chile+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o ,io9"i$ica Clinica *anish Uni#ersity+ The ob;ecti#e o the

st"dy is to e#al"ate the %no(led)e and attit"des o st"dents *ro essors and other sta at the "ni#ersity o Talca Chile

re)ardin) #ol"ntary blood donation+ ?ro$ !"ne to ;"ly 22 a *re#io"sly #alidated s"r#ey (as ad$inistered to 4=0

indi#id"als in the "ni#ersity co$$"nity+ The s"r#ey so")ht to $eas"re their "nderstandin) o blood donation that is

$oti#ators and reasons or beco$in) a blood donor and the $yths and ears that $i)ht deter blood donation+ Accordin)

to the indin)s o the st"dy they o"nd that only 14> o s"r#ey *artici*ants had donated blood in the *ast and $ost o

these (ere *ro essors and other acade$ics+ t"dents (ere the $a;ority *eo*le (ho (ere *lannin) todonate blood in the



"t"re+ When the $ales in the )ro"* that (as *lannin) to donate (ere co$*ared to the e$ales the di erence (as not

statistically si)ni icant+

6+ ?eenaande. ontoya A de dios A De Dios '"na cond"cted the st"dy on attit"des belie s and $oti#ations in blood

donors and non donors + The ob;ecti#e o the st"dy (as to %no( and co$*are the belie s attit"des and $oti#ations o

donors and nondonors in relation (ith blood donation+The so"rce o the st"dy (as centro re)ional de trans "sion

an)"inea Fraada+The $aterial and $ethod o the st"dy (as trans#ersal st"dy by 9"estionnaires ad$inistered to 1/0

blood donors and 525 nondonors+ The 9"estio*nnaries )athered sociode$o )ra*hic data belie s and attit"des and

$oti#ations and de$oti#ations+The res"lt o the st"dy (as re)ardin) attit"des and belie s the donor )ro"* sho(ed $ore

con idence in the )ood condition in (hich donations are *er or$ed had less eares abo"t the *ossibility the donation can

a ect health their attit"des (ere )enerally less e)ostical and they had less ears abo"t *ossible co$$ercialiBation o the

blood+

3+ &oster ! Hassall+O+ W cond"cted st"dy on attit"des to(ards blood donation and trans "sion in ,a$enda Re*"blic o

Ca$eroon + The so"rce (as )rad"ate school o social sciences Uni#ersity o A$sterda$ Netherlands+The ob;ecti#es o

the st"dy (ere to de#elo* a theoretical ra$e(or% to better "nderstand local attit"des to(ards blood donation and

trans "sion+ To identi y actors that $oti#ate and deter blood donation and to identi y inter#entions to i$*ro#e the s"**ly

o blood or trans "sion+The 9"alitati#e $ethods (ere "sed direct obser#ation in-de*th inter#ie(s oc"s )ro"* disc"ssion

and a si$"lation e.ercise+Partici*ants (ere clinical and laboratory sta s *atient relati#es blood donors secondary

school st"dents and co$$"nity $e$bers+

0+ ,allala+& hetty +A cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) (hole blood donation a$on)

$edical *ro essionals in a hos*ital in India + The so"rce (as de*art$ent o co$$"nity $edicine &ast"rba $edical

colle)e ani*al+ A crosssectional st"dy (as cond"cted at the hos*ital a$on) $edical o icers+ The data (as collected ro$

consentin) indi#id"als in the a)e )ro"* o 6-36 yrs+ A se$istr"ct"red *retested 9"estionnaires desi)ned to assess

%no(led)e attit"de and *ractice re)ardin) (hole blood donation+ The st"dy *o*"lation (as 123+

=+ Ala$+ asal$eh ,el D cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) blood donation a$on)

a"di *o*"lation + The so"rce (as de*art$ent o *atholo)y ar$ed orces hos*ital+ The crosssectional st"dy (as carried

o"t at the hos*ital or $ethod o data collection+ The res"lt obtained ro$ st"dy incl"des o"t o 622 indi#id"als

/176=+ >8(ere donors and 2/741+=>8(ere non donors+A ter the st"dy they o"nd that there are $is conce*tion

re)ardin) blood donation+



/+ Olaiya A Ala%iya W A;ala A cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e attit"de belie#es and $oti#ations to(ards blood

donation a$on) blood donors in Ni)eria +The so"rce (as de*art$ent o *atholo)y lo)os state "ni#ersity teachin)

hos*ital Ni)eria+ The inter#ie( (ith 9"estionnaire (ere "sed as the tool+ It (as o"nd that a lar)e n"$ber o the$

7/ +/>8 donated beca"se o the bene its they (ill obtain ro$ the hos*ital+6 +4> o the$ belie#e they can contact HI:

#ir"s or he*atitis in ections ro$ blood donation+

12+ Filani &a;ani A Ati9"e cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e attit"de and *ractices re)ardin) blood donation

*re#alent in $edical and *ara$edical *ersonnel + The desi)n is crosssectional st"dy+ A *re tested close ended

9"estionnaire (as desi)ned+ :ariable "sed in the st"dy (ere analyBed and co$*ared bet(een t(o )ro"*s chi s9"are test

(as a**lied on t(o )ro"*s to co$*are the association bet(een increased le#el o a(areness re)ardin) blood donation+ The

st"dy sho( that increased le#el o %no(led)e on s"b;ect does not res"lt in act"al act o donatin) blood+

11+ aller N Nelson & E han H (as cond"cted a st"dy on %no(led)e attit"de and *ractices s"r#ey re)ardin) blood

donation in a Chinese city+ The so"rce (as de*art$ent o e*ide$iolo)y and international health+ A s"r#ey o %no(led)e

attit"de and *ractice (as *er or$ed incl"din) 1 =2 indi#id"als ro$ = district in China+ ?actors $oti#atin) blood

donation incl"din) social *ress"re desire to %no( screenin) res"lts and altr"is$+ Inhibitin) actors incl"din) ear o

in ection and other health e ects+

'3) “ Jacobs B, Berege A “ cond cted a st dy attit des and %e#ie=es a%o t %#ood donation a&on$ad #ts in M"an@a re$ion) The so rce "as ( $ando &edica# centre Than@ania) A rando& sa&*#e of ''D'ad #ts+6D7 residents of M"an@a to"n and 79 fro& M"an@a r ra# areas "ere inter=ie"ed on as*ectsre#ated to %#ood donation)Res*ondents fre ent#y tho $ht that %#ood donation "o #d infect the& "ith-I2 or da&a$e their hea#th)Their reco&&ended that -I2co nse##in$ sho #d %e done "ith e tre&e careand di er indi=id a#s "ith "ron$ intention fro& %#ood donation):onor recr it&ent ca&*ai$ns sho #da#so foc s on c#earin$ "ron$ conce*tion a%o t %#ood donation thro $h *ro=idin$ infor&ation a%o t%#ood donation)

'7) !Mousa"i #,Ta"abi AA,$olesta% B, Ira%&'our E . cond cted a st dy on !no"#ed$e+ attit de and*ractice to"ards %#ood donation in Iranian *o* #ation)The so rce "as de*art&ent of socia#&edicine+Is#a&ic A@ad Uni=ersity+Tehran Uni=ersity of &edica# science+Iran)The ai& "as to deter&ine#e=e# of *eo*#e !no"#ed$e a%o t %#ood donation)The st dy "as cond cted inTehran in3449 on '444

res*ondent)The res #t "as &ean !no"#ed$e score of the *artici*ant "as ) )98 of *eo*#e stated thattheir &ain &oti=ation to donate %#ood "as a#tr is&)

'D) !Salaudee% A$,Musa OI,Samuel SO( cond cted a st dy on co&& nity s r=ey on %#ooddonation *ractices in Northern state of Ni$eria)Theso rce "as de*art&ent of e*ide&io#o$y andco&& nity hea#th+Uni=ersity of I#orin teachin$ hos*ita#)The &ethod sed in the st dy "as descri*ti=ecross sectiona# st dy) M #tista$e sa&*#in$ techni e "as carried o t a&on$ 97 res*ondents) Theres #t "as !no"#ed$e of res*ondents on %#ood donation "as #o") Less than D73 0D )3 1 !ne" so&eindication a%o t %#ood donation)3'3033) 1 res*ondent had donated %#ood in the *ast % t on#y' ofthese "ere =o# ntary %#ood donors)



'8) !Be% Nata%, $or)ou L( cond cted a st dy on in=esti$atin$ the factors a ectin$ %#ood donationa&on$ Israe#is)The so rce "as Pat Acade&ic Schoo# of N rsin$ -i##e# Yafe)The ai& of st dy "as toe a&ine "hether the theory of *#anned %eha=ior adds si$ni/cant#y to the *rediction of intention andact a# %#ood donation of the $enera# Israe#i *o* #ation) The desi$n "as co re#ationa# a#itati=e st dy)

The sa&*#e "as '94 Israe#i e"ish &en and "o&en a$ed '65 4)The res #t "as Israe#i s *ercei=ed%eha=iora# contro# of their %#ood donation)

' * ! Boul+are LE, at%er LE,Ness 'M,-oo.er LA( cond cted a st dy on the contri% tion of sociode&o$ra*hic+ &edica# and attit dina# factors to %#ood donation a&on$ the $enera# * %#ic) The so rce"as de*art&ent of &edicine ohns -o*!ins schoo# of &edicine M: USA)The st dy desi$n crosssectiona# te#e*hone s r=ey of ho seho#ds)Tr st+fear and s s*icion of hos*ita#s "ere a&on$ factorscontri% tin$ &ost to =ariation in *rior donation history)

'6) “ Ja"ade/adeh Shahshaha%i 0,1a"ariMT,Attar M**( "as cond cted a st dy on !no"#ed$e+attit de and *ractice st dy a%o t %#ood donation in the r%an *o* #ation of Ba@d+Iran+344D)The so rce"as Iranian %#ood transf sion or$ani@ation+ research center Ba@d+Iran)The ai& of the st dy "as toassess the #e=e# of !no"#ed$e+attit de and *ractice re$ardin$ %#ood donation in the city of Ba@d+Iran)Cross sectiona#st dy "as sed):ata "ere ana#ysed %y ana#ysis of =arience she e and t5test) There"as a direct re#ationshi* %et"een !no"#ed$e and *erfor&ance)

' ) !M+aba 2,2ei)elame M "as cond cted a st dy on %#ood donation %eha=ior and %e#ie=es a&on$a sa&*#e of hi$h schoo# st dents in M&a%atho)This ai&ed at esta%#ishin$ the e tend of %#ood donationand %e#ie=es a%o t donated %#ood a&on$ hi$h schoo# st dents )A rando& sa&*#e of D4 standard '4st dents "as seiected to *artici*ate in the st dy)A str ct red estionnaire "as sed)The res #tsho"ed that a#tho $h 4 of the *artici*ants %e#ie=ed that donatin$ %#ood "as i&*ortant on#y '6)8had act a##y e=er donated %#ood)

'9) “ O).ara A “ "as cond cted a st dy on attit des of Ni$erians to"ards %#ood donation and %#ooddonation )The so rce "as de*art&ent of he&ato#o$y and %#ood transf sion+Uni=ersity of Ca#a%ar+Ni$eria)A estionnaire "as desi$ned to deter&ine the attit des of the *eo*#e to"ards %#ooddonation)The &ost co&&on reason for non donation and non acce*tance of %#ood donation "asre#i$io s %e#ie=es

34) “ 3i+ait)it 4 . "as cond cted a st dy on attit des to"ards %#ood donation a&on$ *eo*#e in ar ra#district+Thai#and)The so rce"as de*art&ent of #a%oratory &edicine+fac #ty of&edicine+Ch #an$!orn Uni=ersity+Thai#and)This st dy has %een desi$ned as a cross sectiona#descri*ti=e st dy to st dy attit des to"ards %#ood donation a&on$ the *eo*#e in (an$+ s*andistrict+Thai#and):ata o%tained fro& se#f ad&inistred estionnaire) >e fo nd that *eo*#e attit des in%#ood donation is #ess than 84 )

CHAPTER III

RE EARCH ETHODO'OF@

ethodolo)y is the science o $ethod+ It is a set o $ethods and *rinci*les "sed to *er or$ a *artic"lar acti#ity+

The selection o research a**roach is an i$*ortant ste* in research as it is concerned (ith o#erall ra$e(or% or

cond"ction o the st"dy+ The details o $ethodolo)y incl"de the rationale or the choice o research a**roach settin)

descri*tion o tool sa$*le characterstics *ilot st"dy $ethod o data collection and *lan or data analysis+



The $ethodolo)y o research indicates the )eneral *attern o or)aniBin) *roced"re or )atherin) #alid and

reliable data or the *roble$ "nder in#esti)ations+

RE EARCH APPROACH

Research a**roach re ers to the a**roach or the $ethodolo)y that has been ado*ted to cond"ct the

research+

The research a**roach ado*ted or the *resent st"dy is non-e.*eri$ental descri*ti#e 9a**roach+

RE EARCH DE IFN

The research desi)n is the *lan str"ct"re o in#esti)ations o ans(erin) the research 9"estions+

The research desi)n or the st"dy is a descri*ti#e s"r#ey+

ETTINF O? THE TUD@

The settin) is the location in (hich a st"dy is cond"cted+ The settin) o the st"dy (ill be in the CARE+

Na$*ally+ Colle)e+ O + N"rsin) Hyderabad+

POPU'ATION

The *o*"lation is all ele$ents 7indi#id"al ob;ects or s"bstance8 that $eet the certain criteria or incl"sion in a

st"dy+

The 1 st year , C7Ns)8 st"dents o CARE+Na$*ally Colle)e O N"rsin) is the *o*"lation+

A P'E I E

The sa$*le siBe is 52 st"dents ro$ 1 st year , C N"rsin)+

A P'INF TECHNI UE

The sa$*lin) techni9"e is the *rocess o selectin) a *ortion o *o*"lation to re*resent the entire

*o*"lation+ The sa$*lin) techni9"e is si$*le rando$iBation 'ottery $ethod+

A P'INF CRITERIA

INC'U IONCRITERIAG

1+ The st"dents (ho are st"dyin) in 1 st year , C N"rsin)+

+ t"dents a#ailable at the ti$e o data collection+

EJC'U ION CRITERIAG

1Those (ho are absent d"rin) st"dy+

+The st"dents o nd 5rd and 4 th year+



ETHOD O? DATA CO''ECTION

The $ethods allo( "s to syste$atically collect in or$ation abo"t the ob;ectsK sa$*le o st"dy and abo"t the

settin)s in (hich they occ"r+

?or the st"dy the sel ad$inistered 9"estionnaire *lanned+

DE:E'OP ENT AND DE CRIPTION TOO'

The str"ct"red 9"estionnaire consists o PART A and PART ,+

PART AG It consists o de$o)ra*hic data that incl"des a)e se. *arents ed"cation reli)ion e.*erience o blood donation

a#ailability o blood donation centers+

PART ,G It consist o %no(led)e re)ardin) blood criteria or blood donation d"rin) blood donation a ter blood

donation and co$*lications and its $ana)e$ent+

:A'IDIT@ O? THE TOO'

The #alidity re ers to (hether an instr"$ent $eas"res acc"rately (hat to $eas"re+

Content #alidity o the tool (ill establish in cons"ltation (ith )"ides Dr+ T+ :as"ndhara T"lasi $ada$ and

iss+ Pa#ithra $ada$ rs+ Dorcas ada$ iss+ Ra;yala%sh$i ada$+

P'AN ?OR PI'OT TUD@

Planned tocond"ct the *ilot st"dy in 6 st"dents (ho $eet the sa$*lin) criteria or deter$inin) the easibility o

the st"dy+

P'AN ?OR DATA ANA'@ I

Analysis $eans cate)oriBation orderin) and s"$$ariBin) the data statistically to obtain ans(ers to research

9"estions+

The analysis and inter*retation o data (ill *resent "nder

ECTION-1G?re9"ency and *ercenta)e distrib"tion o de$o)ra*hic #ariables+

ECTION- G ?re9"ency and *ercenta)e distrib"tion o o#erall %no(led)e o n"rsin) st"dents abo"t blood donation+

ECTION-5G Association bet(een the de$o)ra*hic #ariables and le#el o %no(led)e abo"t blood donation+

ECTION-4G ection (ise analysis+

U AR@



This cha*ter deals (ith $ethodolo)y research a**roach research desi)n #ariables *o*"lation sa$*le siBe

sa$*lin) techni9"e and criteria sa$*le characterstics $ethod o data collection de#elo*$ent and descri*tion o tool

score inter*retation #alidity o tool *ilot st"dy and *lan or data analysis+

-0A'TE 5I4

:ATA ANALYSIS AN: INTERPRETATION

:ata "as o%tained fro& se#ected ' st year () sc n rsin$ st dents of CARE Na&*a##y co##e$e ofn rsin$ -ydera%ad)

:escri*ti=e statistics "as sed for the ana#ysis of the data on the %asis of the o%,ecti=es of thest dy) The data th s co##ected "as ta% #ated+ ana#ysed and inter*reted)

O( ECTI2ES OF T-E STU:Y'1 To assess the !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents a%o t %#ood donation)31 To /nd o t the association of se#ected =aria%#es "ith the !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents on %#ood

donation)ORGANI ATION OF T-E :ATA

SECTION5'; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of de&o$ra*hic data)

SECTION53; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ n rsin$st dents)

SECTION57; Ana#ysis and inter*retation of the !no"#ed$e of the n rsin$ st dents on %#ood donation inre#ation to se#ected =aria%#es #i!e a$e+ se + *arents ed cation+ re#i$ion+ e *erience of %#ood donation+and a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers)

:EMOGRAP-IC :ATA

:e&o$ra*hic data inc# des the a$e $ro * of '65' yrs+ '9534 yrs+ 3'533 yrs+ 33 yrs+ seinc# des &a#e and fe&a#e+ ed cation of the *arents inc# des #iteracy and i##iteracy+ re#i$ion inc# des-ind + Christian+ M s#i&+ and others e *erience of %#ood donation inc# des yes or no+ and a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers inc# des yes or no)

SECTION ; ';

PERCENTAGE :ISTRI(UTION OF AGE;



Fi$ re D;' Gra*h sho"in$ *ercenta$e distri% tion of a$e)

-ere the a%o=e $ra*h is c#ear that sa&*#es0 34 1 are of a$e $ro * '65' years+ 37 sa&*#es 06 ) 1are of '9534 years and ' sa&*#e0 7 1 is of 3'533 years)

PERCENTAGE :ISTRI(UTION OF SEB;

igure 6:7 %ra'h showing 'ercentage distribution of se3.

,ere in this gra'h it is shown that 7829 ; of sam'le are male and <=8>9 ; of sam'le are females.



'E -ENTA$E DIST IB6TION O# ED6-ATION O# T0E 'A ENTS :

#igure 7:8 gra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 .are%ts educatio%*

0ere i% this gra.h it is sho+% that ; < ;=>? o9 .are%ts o9 sam.les are literate a%do%ly@ < 8>? o9 .are%ts o9 sam.le is illiterate*

'E -ENTA$E DIST IB6TION O# ELI$ION

#igure 7:7 The .ie diagram sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 religio%*

It is clear that < => ?o9 sam.le is -hristia%s a%d@ < 88>? o9 sam.le is 0i%dus*



'E -ENTA$E DIST IB6TION O# EC'E IEN-E O# BLOOD DONATION :

#igure7: $ra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 e .erie%ce blood do%atio%*

0ere i% this gra.h it is sho+% that8 < @ >? o9 sam.le ha"i%g e .erie%ce o9 blooddo%atio% a%d ; > is %ot ha"i%g*

'E -ENTA$E DIST IB6TION O# A4AILABILIT1 O# BLOOD DONATION -ENTE S:

#igure7: $ra.h sho+i%g .erce%tage distributio% o9 a"ailability o9 blood do%atio%ce%ters

0ere it is clear that < F * >? is ha"i%g a"ailability o9 blood do%atio% ce%ters a%d7< @8> ?o9 sam.le does %ot ha"e *



SECTION QII

Fre ency and *ercenta$e distri% tion of the !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents)

Ta%#e D;'

Section;'; estions re#ated to %#ood;

SLNO ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT

')

3)

7)

D)

2o# &e of %#ood in h &an %ody

N &%er of %#ood $ro *s

Uni=ersa# donor

Uni=ersa# reci*ient

'30D41

740'441

740'441

740'441

' 0 4 1

4

4

4

The ta%#e descri%es a%o t the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ersre$ardin$ %#ood) The sa&*#e ha=in$ '44 !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ n &%er of %#ood $ro *s+

ni=ersa# donor and ni=ersa# reci*ient)On#y D4 sa&*#e ha=in$ correct !no"#ed$e re$ardin$=o# &e of %#ood in the h &an %ody)

In short+ the sa&*#e is ha=in$ 8 !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood)

Ta%#e D;3

Section;3; estions re#ated to criteria for %#ood donation;



SL NO) ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT

8 >ei$ht re ired for %#ooddonation

3'064 1 9074 1

) Re ired a$e for %#ooddonation

9074 1 3'064 1

6) :isorder that is not*er&anent#y n/t for %#ooddonation

380 7)7 1 80' ) 1

) Re ired ti&e for %#ooddonation

' 0 4 1 '30D4 1

9) A&o nt of %#ood ta!end rin$ %#ood donation

9074 1 3'064 1

80' ) 1'4) Ti&e re ired to re*#ace

the "ithdra"n %#ood380 7)7 1

'') S %stance added toco##ected %#ood

740'44 1 4

'3) Re ired inter=a# for %#ooddonation

'D0D ) 1 ' 087)7 1

'7) Ti&e *eriod for %#ooddonation after s r$ery

' 0 4 1 '30D4 1

'D) Contra indications of %#ooddonation

3909 ) 1 '07)7 1

'8) Ti&e *eriod of %#ooddonation for *re$nant #ady

034 1 3D0 4 1

' ) Ti&e *eriod re ired fordonatin$ R(C

''07 ) 1 '90 7)7 1

'6) Ti&e fre ency for donate*#ate#et *er year

034 1 3D0 4 1

' ) Ti&e *eriod re ired for%#ood donation after

recei=in$ a %#ood donation

'30D4 1 ' 0 4 1

'9) Ti&e to "ithho#d the&edicine %efore %#ooddonation

'D0D ) 1 ' 087)7 1

34) Food sho #d not %e $i=en%efore %#ood donation

340 ) 1 '4077)7 1

3')

33)

A=oided thin$s %efore %#ooddonation

E a&inations %efore %#ood

3D0 4 1

33067)7 1

034 1

03 ) 1



The ta%#e descri%es that the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$!no"#ed$e d rin$ %#ood donation)It is c#ear that the sa&*#e is ha=in$ &ore !no"#ed$e 0that is64 1 re$ardin$ *osition d rin$ %#ood donation and ) !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ &ana$e&entof *erson d rin$ %#ood ddonation)A#so the sa&*#e is ha=in$ %e#o" a=era$e !no"#ed$e #e=e#re$ardin$ (P+ * #se and te&*erat re &aintained d rin$ %#ood donation)

( t the sa&*#e is ha=in$ no !no"#!ed$e re$ardin$ re ired te&*erat re d rin$

%#ood donation)>e can /nd that the sa&*#e is ha=in$ D4)D !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ d rin$

%#ood donation)

Ta%#e D;D

Section; D; estions re#ated to after %#ood donation;

SLNO

ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT

74) Instr ction to donor after %#ood donation '90 7)7 1 ''07 ) 1

7') I&&ediate thin$ after %#ood donation '90 7)7 1 ''07 ) 1

Ta%#e descri%es a%o t scores and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$!no"#ed$e after %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ sa&e !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ estionsre#ated to after %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ 7)7 !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ this section)

Ta%#e D;8

Section;8; estions re#ated to co&*#ications and &ana$e&ent;

SLNO

ITEM CORRECT INCORRECT

73)

Main co&*#ications of %#ood donation '8084 1 '8084 1

77)

Co&*#ications of %#ood donation a&on$ ' 5'6 years

33067)7 1 03 ) 1

7D)

A$e $ro * of #oss of conscio sness andsynco*ia# ty*e of co&*#ication

'8084 1 '8084 1

78)

A$e $ro * of *h#e%oto&y re#atedco&*#ication

6037)7 1 3706 ) 1

7)

Ris! of donatin$ %#ood 30 ) 1 3 097)7 1

76)

Reactions not occ r d rin$ donatin$*#ate#ets

'4077)7 1 340 ) 1



7)

Treat&ent for reactions occ r d rin$donatin$ *#ate#ets

'8084 1 '8084 1

Ta%#e descri%es the score and *ercenta$e of correct and incorrect ans"ers re$ardin$co&*#ication and &ana$e&ent of %#ood donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ &ore !no"#ed$e 0thatis 67)7 1 a%o t co&*#ication for ' 5'6 years o#d donors and 84 !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ &ainco&*#ication and treat&ent of reactions d rin$ *#ate#et donation) The sa&*#e is ha=in$ #east

!no"#ed$e0 ) 1 re$ardin$ ris! of donatin$ %#ood) Sa&*#e is ha=in$ D4)9 !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ co&*#ication and its &ana$e&ent)

SE-TION :'E -ENTA$E DIST IB6TION O# T0E O4E ALL 2NO3LED$E O# N6 SIN$ST6DENTS ON BLOOD DONATION:

#igure 7:= Sho+i%g o"erall )%o+ledge o9 %ursi%g stude%ts regardi%g blooddo%atio%*

I% this .icture it is clear that = > o9 sam.le ha"i%g belo+ a"erage le"el < > a%dbelo+? o9 )%o+ledge a%d 8 > ha"i%g a"erage le"el o9 )%o+ledge< @&F >?*

SE-TION&8:

2NO3LED$E LE4EL O# N6 SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ELATION TO A$E :



#igure 7:F: $ra.h sho+i%g the )%o+ledge le"el i% relatio% to age*

It is clear that stude%ts +ith @=&@F years ha"i%g =*FF> )%o+ledge, stude%ts +ith@;& years ha"i%g @* > )%o+ledge a%d 9or @& years ha"i%g 7=*8 >)%o+ledge*

2NO3LED$E LE4EL O# N6 SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ELATION TO SEC:

#igure 7:; gra.h sho+i%g the )%o+ledge le"el i% relatio% to se *

It is clear that male stude%ts ha"i%g * > )%o+ledge le"el a%d 9emale ha"i%g*;@> )%o+ledge le"el*

2NO3LED$E O# N6 SIN$ ST6DENTS IN ELATION TO ED6-ATION O# 'A ENTS:



Fi$ reD;'4 $ra*h sho"in$ !no"#ed$e in re#ation to ed cation of *arents)

It is c#ear that sa&*#e "ith ed cated *arents ha=in$ 83)DD !no"#ed$e and sa&*#e "ithi##iterate *arents ha=in$ 83) 7 !no"#ed$e)

HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN RELATION TO EBPERIENCE OF (LOO: :ONATION;

Fi$ re D;'' $ra*h sho"in$ that !no"#ed$e in re#ation to e *erience of %#ood donation)

It is c#ear that sa&*#e "ho has e *erience of %#ood donation ha=e DD)9D of !no"#ed$e and"ho does not ha=e e *erience ha=in$ 83)6 !no"#ed$e)

HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN RELATION TO RELIGION;



DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, IMPLICATION,LIMITATIONS,ANDRECOMMENDATIONS

This cha*ter dea#s "ith the disc ssion of /ndin$s fro& the data ana#y@ed and inter*retaccordin$ to the o%,ecti=es of the *ro%#e& stated "hich has to %e e=a# ated for its %ene/cia#i&*#ications)

This st dy "as cond cted in a =ie" that to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donationa&on$ ' st year (Sc N rsin$ st dents in CARE) Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+ -ydera%ad)

A descri*ti=e st dy "as sed "here the st dy "as cond cted "ith 74 st dents of ' styear (SC N rsin$ CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e Of N rsin$)

O( ECTI2ES

')To assess the !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents a%o t %#ood donation

3) To /nd o t the association of se#ected =aria%#es "ith the !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents on %#ooddonation)

The /ndin$ of the *resent st dy "as disc ssed nder the fo##o"in$ headin$s)

SECTION '5 Findin$s and inter*retation of de&o$ra*hic data)

SECTION 35 Findin$s re#ated to !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ n rsin$ st dents)

SECTION 75 Findin$s re#ated to !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents on %#ood donation in re#ation to se#ected=aria%#es #i!e a$e+ se + *arents ed cation+re#i$ion+e *erience of %#ood donation+ a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ooddonation centers

SECTION ';FIN:INGS RELATE: TO :EMOGRAP-IC :ATA)



In the *resent st dy+o t of 74 sa&*#es+ st dents co&es nder the a$e $ro * of '65'years034 1+37 st dents co&es nder the a$e $ro * of '9534 years06 ) 1and ' st dents co&es nderthe a$e $ro * of 3'533years 07 1)'4 of the sa&*#es are &a#e and 94 of the sa&*#es arefe&a#es)9 of the *arents of sa&*#es are #iterate and 7 of the *arents are i##iterate) ) of thesa&*#e are Christian and 77 are -ind ) On#y '4 of the sa&*#e ha=e e *erience of %#ood donationand re&ainin$ 94 didn t ha=e) There are a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers for ) sa&*#es and'7 not ha=in$)

SECTION 3;FIN:INGS RELATE: TO HNO>LE:GE REGAR:ING (LOO: :ONATION AMONG NURSINGSTU:ENTS

In the *resent st dy it sho"ed that 74 of the st dents has a=era$e !no"#ed$e on %#ooddonation+64 of the st dents has %e#o" a=era$e !no"#ed$e)

SECTION 7; FIN:INGS RELATE: TO HNO>LE:GE OF NURSING STU:ENTS IN (LOO: :ONATION INRELATION TO SELECTE: 2ARIA(LES)

In the st dy "hen co&*arin$ the !no"#ed$e in re#ation to the a$e+st dents of a$e $ro * of '65' yrs ha=e 86) +for '9534yrs 8')38 and for 3'533yrs ha=e D6)7 )Ma#e st dents ha=e 88)38and fe&a#e st dent ha=e 83)9' !no"#ed$e)>hen co&*arin$ the !no"#ed$e in re#ation to ed cationof *arents+ sa&*#es of #iterate *arents ha=e 83)DD and for re&ainin$ ha=e 83) 7 !no"#ed$e)Sa&*#e"ho are in Christian re#i$ion ha=e 83)49 !no"#ed$e and for -ind s ha=e 87) 6 )The sa&*#es ha=in$e *erience of %#ood donation ha=e DD)9D !no"#ed$e and re&ainin$ ha=e 83)63 )The sa&*#es "ith

a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers ha=e 8D)'D !no"#ed$e and for re&ainin$ ha=e 88)!no"#ed$e

CONCLUSION

?The /ndin$s of the st dy sho"s that there is no association %et"een the a$e $ro * and !no"#ed$e#e=e# of n rsin$ st dents)

?The /ndin$ of the st dy states that there is no re#ation %et"een se of the st dent and !no"#ed$e#e=e#)

?The /ndin$s of the st dy con/r&s that there is no re#ation %et"een ed cation of *arents and!no"#ed$e #e=e# of n rsin$ st dents)

?The /ndin$s of the st dy states that there is no re#ationshi* %et"een re#i$ion and !no"#ed$e ofn rsin$ st dents)

?The st dy conc# ded that there is no re#ationshi* %et"een e *erience of %#ood donation and!no"#ed$e #e=e#)



?The st dy a#so states that there is no re#ation %et"een a=ai#a%i#ity of %#ood donation centers and!no"#ed$e #e=e#)

SUMMARY

The focus of the stud& was to assess the knowledge on blood donation among 2 st &ear Sc nursing students

+A)E. am'all& college of nursing0 ,&derabad. The design of the stud& was descri'tive stud&.The structured questionnaire used

for the 79 sam'les.In short the section 2 sam'le is having ?@ knowledge regarding blood. In section : < the sam'le is having

onl& @=.> knowledge regarding criteria for blood donation. In section :7 the sam'le is having69.6 knowledge regarding during

blood donation. In section :6 the sam'le is having 7.7 regarding after the blood donation. And in section:@ the sam'le is having

69.> knowledge regarding com'lications and its management.

The overall knowledge of sam'le having =9 in below average and 79 sam'le having average knowledge.

I/-#I+ATI! S

The 'resent stud& reveals that nursing students have below average knowledge about blood donation. The finding

of the stud& have several im'lications for nursing education0 nursing 'ractice0 and nursing research.

()SI % E$(+ATI!

ursing students who reall& have knowledge about blood donation can lead to other students and societ& to encourage

blood donation.The nursing educators can 'la& a ke& role in im'arting knowledge on blood donation.

()SI % -)A+TI+E

The stud& findings reveals the im'ortance of im'roving the knowledge regarding blood donation0 In nursing students

will 'romote the motivation to blood donation.

()SI % )ESEA)+,

The stud& findings will identif& the 'resent level of knowledge regarding blood donation.This stud& will motivate other

investigators to conduct further stud& related to this0 which might ultimatel& lead the wa& to man& researchers in the

field of blood donation.

)E+!//E $ATI! S

*The similar stud& can be conducted in a large sam'le si1e.

*+om'aritive stud& can be taken in between two different grou's of 'o'ulation.

*An e3'erimental stud& ma& be conducted to test the effectiveness of health education and training.



*A stud& can be conducted to assess the learning needs of students about blood donation.

*The stud& can be conducted in different nursing colleges and schools other than +A)E. am'all& +ollege !f

ursing.

ANNEBURE 5 A

LETTER RE UESTING PERMISSION

TO CON:UCT T-E MAIN STU:Y

Fro&+

Ms)(#essy )P)Ro%inson)

Ms)Chinch )N)P)

Ms)Chin, )(a%y)

Ms)Christy)S nny)

Ms)-oney)Cherian)

To+

The Princi*a#+

CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+

(an,ara -i##s+

-ydera%ad)

S %,ect; Readin$ *er&ission to cond ct research *ro,ect "or! CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e

Of N rsin$ +(an,ara -i##s+ -ydera%ad)

Res*ected Mada&+

>e+ Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+ Ms)Chinch ) N)*+ Ms)Chin, (a%y+ Ms)Christy)S nny+

And Ms)-oneyCherian)) I2 Year ()Sc N rsin$ st dents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$



>o #d #i!e to do o r research *ro,ect in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+-ydera%ad)

The state&ent of o r research st dy is “A St dy to assess !no"#ed$e of n rsin$ st dents

Re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ ' st year (Sc N rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+

-ydera%ad).

Hind#y $rant s *er&ission to cond ct st dy here)

Than!in$ yo +

Yo rs sincere#y+

Princi*a#;

Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+

Ms)Chinch )N)P+

Ms)Chin, )(a%y+

Ms)Christy)S nny+

Ms)-oney)Cherian)

ANNEBURE Q (

2ALI:ITY OF T-E TOOL

Fro&+


Ms)Chinch )N)P+

Ms)Chin, )(a%y+

Ms)Christy)S nny+

Ms)-oney)Cherian)

I2 Year ()Sc N rsin$+


(an,ara -i##s+-ydera%ad)

To+

Mrs):orcas Ra, +



Lect rer

CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of NURSING+

(an,ara -i##s+

-ydera%ad)

S %,ect ; Re estin$ #etter to $rant o*inions and s $$estions of e *erts for esta%#ishin$ content

2a#idity of research too#)

Res*ected Mada&+

>e are I2th YEAR ()Sc N rsin$ st dents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$)>e arese#ected %e#o" &entioned to*ic for o r research *ro,ect to %e s %&itted to N)T)R Uni=ersity as a *artia#f #/##&ent of Uni=ersity re rire&ent for /na# year ()Sc n rsin$ de$ree)

To*ic “a st dy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ ' st year ()ScN rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+ -ydera%ad).

-ere "ith "e are enc#osin$ the research too# )

May "e re est yo to !ind#y $o thro $h the contents of the too# and $i=e yo r =a# a%#es $$estions)>e !ind#y re est to $i=e o r too# on 65'3534'')

Than!in$ yo +

Yo rs Sincere#y

P#ace;

:ate;

2ALI:ITY OF T-E TOOL

Fro&+


Ms)Chinch )N)P+

Ms)Chin, )(a%y+

Ms)Christy)S nny+



Ms)-oney)Cherian)

I2 Year ()Sc N rsin$+


(an,ara -i##s+-ydera%ad)

To+

:r)T)2as ndhara T #si+

Princi*a#

CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of NURSING+

(an,ara -i##s+

-ydera%ad)

S %,ect ; Re estin$ #etter to $rant o*inions and s $$estions of e *erts for esta%#ishin$ content

2a#idity of research too#)

Res*ected Mada&+

>e are I2th YEAR ()Sc N rsin$ st dents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$)>e arese#ected %e#o" &entioned to*ic for o r research *ro,ect to %e s %&itted to N)T)R Uni=ersity as a *artia#f #/##&ent of Uni=ersity re rire&ent for /na# year ()Sc n rsin$ de$ree)

To*ic “a st dy to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ ' st year ()ScN rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+ -ydera%ad).

-ere "ith "e are enc#osin$ the research too# )

May "e re est yo to !ind#y $o thro $h the contents of the too# and $i=e yo r =a# a%#es $$estions)>e !ind#y re est to $i=e o r too# on 65'3534'')

Than!in$ yo +

Yo rs Sincere#y

P#ace;

:ate;



Than!in$ yo +

Yo rs Sincere#y

P#ace;

:ate;

ANNEBURE Q C

STRUCTURE: UESTIONNAIRE

A estionnaire to assess the !no"#ed$e re$ardin$ %#ood donation a&on$ ' st year ()Sc n rsin$st dents in CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+ (an,ara hi##s -ydera%ad)

:ear res*ondent+

>e Ms)(#essy)P)Ro%inson+ Ms)Chinch )N)P+Ms)Chin, )(a%y+Ms)Christy)S nny+Ms)-oney)Cherian+()Sc n rsin$ /na# year st dents of CARE Na&*a##y Co##e$e of N rsin$+

(an,ara hi##s+ -ydera%ad "o #d #i!e to cond ct a research st dy as a *artia# f #/##&ent of the

:e$ree co rse)The estionnaire is the *art of o r research for assessin$ the !no"#ed$e on

%#ood donation a&on$ ' st year ()Sc n rsin$ st dents in CARE Na&*a##y co##e$e of N rsin$)

>e re est yo to ans"er a## the estions) Hind#y $o thro $h the estions caref ##y

and ans"er it) The estionnaire consist of 7 estions and it ta!e a**ro i&ate#y 74 &in tes toco&*#ete it) The infor&ation yo share "i## %e !e*t con/dentia# and yo r coo*eration in this

e orts "i## %e a**reciated)

Than!in$ yo +



Yo rs sincere#y+


Ms)Chinch )N)P+

Ms)Chin, )(a%y+

Ms)Christy)S nny+

Ms)-oney)Cherian)

I2 Year st dents

QUESTIONNAIRE

I ST)(+TI! !) T,E -A)TI+I-A TS:

)ead each question carefull&. Kindl& answer all the question for the best of &our abilit&. The data will be

ke't as confidential and used onl& for research 'ur'ose.

PART A

$E/!%)A-,I+ $ATA

2.A%E:

a. 2=52? &rs

b.2>5<9&rs

c.<25<<&rs

d.B<<&rs

<.SEC

a./ale

b. emale

7.E$(+ATI! ! T,E -A)E TS

a.#iterac&

b.Illiterac&

6.)E#I%I!

a.,indu

b.+hristian



c./uslim

d.!thers

@.EC-E)IA +E ! #!!$ $! ATI!

a.Des

b. o

.A AI#A I#ITD ! #!!$ $! ATI! +E TE)S

a.Des

b. o

PART-B

SE+TI! 52

F(ESTI! S )E#ATE$ T! #!!$

2.,ow much blood will be there in human bod&G

a.@ lit

b.@.@ lit

c. lit

d. .@ lit

<.,ow man& t&'es of blood grou's are thereG

a.7

b.@

c.6

d.

7."hich is the universal donorG

a.A

b.!

c.A

d.

6."hich is the universal reci'ientG

a.!



b.A

c.

d.A

SE+TI! 5<

F(ESTI! S )E#ATE$ T! +)ITE)IA !) #!!$ $! ATI! :

@.,ow much weight is required for blood donationG

a.@@ kg

b.@9 kg

c. 9 kg

d.6@ kg

."hat is the required age for blood donationG

a.2?5@@ &rs

b.<95 9 &rs

c.<95@9 &rs

d.2@56@ &rs

=."hich disorder is not 'ermanentl& unfit for blood donationG

a.E'ile's&

b.+ardiovascular disorder

c.,e'atitis

d./alignanc&

?. ,ow much time can be taken to collect blood from the donorsG

a.@5> minutes

b.2952@ minutes

c.2 5<9 minutes

d.<25<@ minutes

>.,ow much blood can be taken during blood donationG

a.7995699 ml



b.7@956@9 ml

c.@99ml

d.6995@99 ml

29.,ow much time will take to re'lace the withdrawn bloodG

a.<9 hrs

b.<656? hrs

c.79 hrs

d.<?57< hrs

22."hat substance is added to collected bloodG

a.Anticoagulant

b.-lasma

c.-latelet

d. one

2<."hat is the interval required for blood donationG

a.Ever& 6 month

b.Ever& @ month

c.Ever& < month

d.Ever& 7 month

27."hen the 'eo'le can donate blood after surger&G

a.After 52< months

b.After 2 &r

c.After 7 month

d.After 29526 month

26. "ho are the 'eo'le contra indicated to the blood donationG

a. ,I

b. wks after the deliver&

c. 2< months after surger&

d. 6 months after a blood donation



2@."hen the 'regnant lad& can donate bloodG

a. wks after the 'regnanc& ends

b.6 wks after the 'regnanc& ends

c.? wks after the 'regnanc& ends

d. one of the above

2 ."hat is the time 'eriod required for donating ) +G

a.!nce ever& 29 wks

b.!nce in ever& 2 wks

c.!nce in ever& 26 wks

d. one of the above

2=.,ow man& times can donate 'latelet 'er &earG

a.<6 times

b.2< times

c.29 times

d.<9 times

2?."hen the 'eo'le can donate the blood after receiving a blood transfusionG

a.29 months after the date of transfusion

b.? months after the date of transfusion

c.26 months after the date of transfusion

d.2< months after the date of transfusion

2>."hen the donor need to withhold the medicine before blood donationG

a.#ast 6? hrs

b.#ast 2< hrs

c.#ast <6 hrs

d.#ast 2 hrs

<9."hich food should not be given before donating bloodG

a. read and cereals

b.%reen leaf& vegetables



c.#egumes

d. ruit Huice

<2."hat are the following should be avoided before going to blood donationG

a.Taking alchohol

b.Taking soda

c.Taking lot of caffeine

d.All the above

<<."hat are the e3aminations to be 'erformed before donating the bloodG

a./edical histor& and 'h&sical e3amination

b. ital signs

c. lood test

d.All the above

SE+TI! 7

F(ESTI! S )E#ATE$ T! $()I % #!!$ $! ATI!

<7."hat will &ou do if the 'atient shock during blood donationG

a.I luid thera'&

b.Immediatel& sto' the 'rocedure

c.Administration of medication

d.change of 'osition

<6."hich of the following is not necessar& during blood donationG

a.+heck -

b./aintain su'ine 'ositon

c.)ecreational thera'&

d.+heck for an& com'lications

<@."hat 'osition should be maintained during blood donationG

a. owlers 'osition

b.#eft lateral 'osition

c.Semi recumbent 'osition



72."hich is not necessar& immediatel& after blood donationG

a.$rink 'lent& of water

b./onitor vital signs

c.Administer anticoagulants

d.Taking rest for a while

SE+TI! 5@

F(ESTI! S )E#ATE$ T! +!/-#I+ATI! S A $ /A A%E/E T

7<."hat is the main com'lication of blood donationG

a.Shock

b. ever

c.Arterial 'uncture

d.,emorrhage

77."hich is the com'lication of blood donation among 2 52= &rs oldG

a.-allor

b.$ia'horesis

c.#oss of consciousness

d.All the above

76.In which age grou' loss of consciousness and s&nco'al t&'e of com'lication can see as the com'lication of blood donationG

a.2 52= &rs

b.2?5<9 &rs

c.<65<? &rs

d.<<5<7 &rs

[email protected] which age grou' 'hlebotom& related com'lication is 'revalent during blood donationG

a.!lder than 69 &rs

b.Dounger than <9 &rs

c. etween <2572 &rs

d. one of the above

7 ."hat are the risk of donating bloodG



a.+ontact common viruses

b. acterial infections

c.#ow -

d. one of the above

7=."hat are the reactions that are not occur during donating the 'lateletsG

A./uscle cram's

b. ausea

c.)ashes

d. eeling of numbness

7?.,ow we will treat the reactions that occur when donating the 'lateletsG

a.Taking a calcium su''lement before or during the donation

b.Taking 'otassium su''lement before or during the donation

c.Taking iron su''lement before or during the donation

d. one of the above

KEY POINTS

SE+TI! 52

2.a

<.c

7.b

6.d

@.d

SE+TI! 5<

.b

=.c

?.b

>.b



29.b

22.a

2<.d

27.a

26.a

[email protected]

2 .b

2=.a

2?.d

2>.a

<9.c

<2.d

<<.d

SE+TI! 7

<7.b

<6.c

<@.c

< .a

<=.c

<?.c

<>.c

SE+TI! 6

79.b

72.c

SE+TI! @

7<.c

77.d

76.a



[email protected]

7 .d

7=.c

7?.a

PARTA PART B

SL NO. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14

1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

3 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 14 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

5 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 16 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1

7 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 18 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

9 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 110 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

11 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 112 2 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

13 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 114 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

15 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 116 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

17 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

18 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

19 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

20 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

21 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

22 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

23 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

24 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

25 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

26 2 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1



27 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

28 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 029 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

30 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

blessy honey

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