bleeding & dressing

8/9/2019 Bleeding & Dressing

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SPS321SPORTS INJURY &

EMERGENCY CARE

Mohd Fadzil b. Hj. KamarudinSR113 UiTM/INSTEDT


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Bleeding & Shock

Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the

circulatory system either internally or externally

Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood

cells, plasma and blood platelets

Blood pressure can be measured by the pulse

You can measure a persons pulse at the following

pulse points

radial artery (wrist)

carotid artery (neck)

brachial artery (arm)

femoral artery (groin)


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Bleeding & Shock

The severity of bleeding will depend on

How fast the blood is flowing in the blood vessel

The size of the blood vessel

Whether the vessel is a vein or an artery Where the bleeding originated

The victims age and weight

Whether the bleeding is disrupting/threatening respiration

Any type of uncontrollable arterial or venousbleeding MUST be considered life threatening.


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Bodys Response to Blood Loss


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Bleeding & Shock

There are two types of bleeding

External bleeding

Internal bleeding

Whether external or internal, bleeding should be

treated seriously as it can lead to shock or

hypoperfusion


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Three Types of External Bleeding


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External Bleeding

First Aid for external bleeding

Send for medical assistance

Cover wound with sterile gauze

Apply direct pressure over the wound with your hand.Pressure should be firm and this may cause slight

discomfort to the athlete

Elevate injured part

Monitor ABCs and give CPR if necessary

T

reat for shock if necessary If blood flow does not reduce, compress the main artery

that supplies the blood to that injured area


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External Bleeding

Remember! DO NOT

Pull out any embedded objects

Remove blood soaked bandages from wound.This may

cause bleeding to start again

Aspirin or pain killers to athlete. This may cause increased

bleeding

Be afraid of blood borne pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B.

Use gloves and a surgical mask if necessary


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Controlling Bleeding Pressure Points


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Controlling Bleeding


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Controlling Bleeding - Neck


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Examples of Dressing and Bandaging


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Internal Bleeding

While internal bleeding is not as obvious as externalbleeding, it is caused by blunt trauma, abnormalclotting in the body, rupture of a blood vessel, orbone fractures

Severe internal bleeding can lead to shock and evendeath

First Aid for internal bleeding Check athletes ABCs

Give oxygen where available

Control any external bleeding Apply ice or cold compress to help relieve pain and reduce

swelling. Apply pressure if the bruising is large

Splint any painful, swollen or deformed extremities

Immediate transportation to medical facility


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Internal Bleeding

Signs of Internal Bleeding


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Shock

When injured or sick, the body may shut down bloodflow (and therefore oxygen) to the extremities and

skin in an effort to save the vital organs

Damage may occur if tissues do not get enough

blood and oxygen for along period of time.T

his iscalled shock

Types of shock

Hemorrhagic shock - Metabolic shock

Neurogenic shock - Septic shock

Psychogenic shock - Anaphylactic shock

Cardiogenic shock - Hypovolemic shock


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Shock

An injured athlete may be at risk of suffering shock if

he or she

Has low pain tolerance

Emotional

Tired

Dehydrated

Over exposed to heat or cold


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Shock

Symptoms of shock

Dizziness and/or nausea

Fatigue and /or weakness

Thirst

Signs of shock Scared or restless appearance

Weak and rapid pulse

Cool and clammy skin

Sweating

Dilated pupils

Shallow, rapid breathing

Pale skin

Bluish lips and fingernails


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Shock

First Aid for shock Send for EMS

Position athlete appropriately. A conscious athlete with

normal pulse and breathing, and no suspected head or

spine injury, should lie face up with the feet elevated

An unconscious athlete with normal pulse and breathing,

and no suspected head or spine injury, should lie on the

side to allow fluids to drain from the mouth (recovery

position)

An athlete with a possible head or spine injury should lie

face up and flat on the ground Maintain normal temperature. Do not cover an athlete who is

already hot. However, do protect an athlete who is exposed

to cold temperatures


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Shock

Treat for bleeding and other injuries

Monitor ABCs and give CPR when necessary

Reassure athlete

To decrease the chance of shock occuring, monitor any sick

or injured athlete for signs of shock.

Remember! DO NOT

Elevate feet or head of athlete you suspect to have head or

spinal injuries. Stabilize the head and neck of the athlete

Give fluids or food to the athlete Cover an athlete who is already warm

Elevate the feet if the athlete has trouble breathing. Elevate

the head instead.


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