blane chesnut chris donnelly adam rasmussen john pritchard zach bruce advisor: dr. ahmed e. kamal...
TRANSCRIPT
BLANE CHESNUTCHRIS DONNELLY
ADAM RASMUSSENJOHN PRITCHARD
ZACH BRUCE
ADVISOR:DR. AHMED E . KAMAL
Wireless Bear TrackingGroup: SDMay1010
Agenda
Project BackgroundNetwork StructureHardware
VHF GPS Power Microcontroller Chassis
Test CasesSchedule and Cost
Project Description
Wildlife Research Institute (Ely, MN)Locate and track black bearsGPS solution with a transmitter to relay
information on locationClient: Digi International
3
Requirements vs. Wishes
Requirements Wishes
Track Black Bears Up to 1 year battery life
Report location every 10-15 minutes
Instantaneous tracking of bears
Wide temperature range/Weatherproof
Rechargeable
Strong and durable chassis/case to withstand bear’s abuse
Software End User interface (Google Maps)
Coverage of 25 miles x 10 miles Smart Device (power management, accelerometer , temp sensor, etc.)
Smaller than 4” x 3” x 1” Secure Communication
Prototypes to Field Test by April
4
Solution Overview
GPS Unit on bear collars
Collar transmit GPS location via VHF frequency to land-based routing units
Routing units relay collar location information to a remote end user
Assumptions
Lower frequency signals travel through dense tree cover more easily than higher frequency signals
Collar will communicate well with the routerSimulations are realistic and accurateResearchers will learn to use new technologyDigi will fund project materials
6
Market and Literature Survey
LandAirSea Use a lithium battery Release mechanism for remote disconnection
BlueSky Telemetry Designed to function in a canyon environment where
sky view is limited.Telonics
Uses 164MHz frequencySPOT Satellite Messenger
Incorporates satellite tracking ($160/unit/year)
Risk Management
Signal may not propagate in woodsNew technology may confuse researchersTeam member injury during
testing/fabricatingAll Electrical Engineering team membersComponent damage during fabricationDesign is incorrect and requires rework
Network Structure
Network Structure
Time Division MultiplexingUse GPS time to synchronize NetworkFrame repeats every 15 minutesStatic Allocation: 40 collars, 6 routersRouters use a location-based routing schemeMessage includes: UnitID, GPS Location, and Time
Network State Diagram
Ideal Tx/Rx
Unit does not receive verification from router.Unit can’t receive GPS signal.
System Overview
GPS Patch Antenna
Transceiver ADF7021
PICU-blox GPS
Power Electronics
3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V
Battery 6V
VHF Antenna
Power Amplifier
PC
USB
5 V
RF Switch
3.3 V
Frequency Selection
License Free Band 176-216 MHz Output Power limited to -32 dBm
ISM Bands Closest VHF Band: 40 MHz Allowed high power without license
License band 217-220 MHz Reserved for Educational Institutions as per FCC Title 47
Part 90 Allows up to 50 kHz bandwidth and 2 W output power Client will take care of obtaining license when needed
Transceiver Selection
Radiometrix UHX1Melexis TH7122Analog Devices ADF7021
Frequency Range: 80 to 950 MHz Output Power: -16 to 13 dBm FSK Modulation Data rate: 50 bps to 32.8 kbps Temperature Range: -40 to 85 °C Narrowband Transceiver
VHF Detailed Design
GPS Patch Antenna
Transceiver ADF7021
PICU-blox GPS
Power Electronics
3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V
Battery 6V
VHF Antenna
Power Amplifier
PC
USB
5 V
RF Switch
3.3 V
VHF Detailed Design
Transceiver ADF7021
PIC
VHF_TX
VHF_SCLK
VHF_WRITE
VHF_SLE
VHF_CE
VHF_RX
VHF_READ
VHF_SWD
VHF_MUXOUT
RF Switch SKY13270-92LF
ANT_CTL0
ANT_CTL1
3.3 V is high and 0 V is low
Schematic – VHF Transceiver
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCode>
VHF Tranciever
A
1 1Sunday, November 29, 2009
3.3 V
L4
39nH
R11.95k
R24.02 k
C31.6 pF
C5100 pF
C0210 pF
C036 pF
L0
39 nH
C113.6 pF
VHF_TX
VHF_CE
VHF_MUXOUT
VHF_WRITE
C72200 pF
VHF_READ
C67 pF
VHF_SCLK
C868 pF
VHF_SWD
C120.1 uF
VHF_RX
C150.01 uF
3.3 V
R33.9 ohm
C22
0.022 uF
VHF_SLE
3.3 V
C190.01 uF
ADF7021
U1
VCOIN1
CREG12
VDD13
RFOUT4
RFGND5
RFIN6
RFINB7
RLNA8
VDD49
RSET10
CREG411
GND412
SLE25SDATA26SREAD27SCLK28GND229ADCIN30CREG231VDD232SWD33TXRXDATA34TXRXCLK35CLKOUT36
MUXO
UT37
OSC2
38OS
C139
VDD3
40CR
EG3
41CP
OUT
42VD
D43
L244
GND
45L1
46GN
D147
CVCO
48MI
X_I
13
MIX_
I_INV
14
MIX_
Q15
MIX_
Q_IN
V16
FILT
_I17
FILT
_I_IN
V18
GND4
19
FILT
_Q20
FILT
_Q_IN
V21
GND4
22
TEST
_A23
CE24
R53.6 kohm
C180.01 uF
HCM49-4.032MABJ-UT
U2
11
22
C200.1 uF
Note: Test Pins. Allowenough pad for probing
C120 pF
C9160 pF
L1
68nH
L210nH
C130.1 uF
C14100 pF
3.3 V
C210.01 uF
3.3 V
PA_IN_EXT
3.3 V
C1091 pF
L3
100nH
C160.1 uF
C170.01 uF
L4
39 nH
C4
10 pF
RF_SW_IN
R41.1 kohm
VHF Detailed Design
RF in and RF out matched to 50 ohms
RF Out RF in
Schematic – VHF
T it le
S iz e Do c u m en t N u m b e r Re v
Da t e : S h e e t o f
<Do c > <Re v Co de >
<T it le >
A
1 1S u n d ay , N o ve m b e r 2 9, 2 00 9
S P A -1 1 18U3
V C C1
V B I A S2
RF I N3
N/ C4
N/ C5
N/ C7
RF O UT / V CC6
N/ C8
S K Y 1 3 27 0 -9 2
U4
J 21
G ND2
J 33
V 24
J 15
V 16
Note: GND is underneathof part package
P A _I N_ E X T
C2 41 8 pF
C2 3
1 0 00 p F
L 5
1 2 nH
R63 9 0 o h m
5 V
L 61 0 0 n H
5 V
L 7
1 5 nH
C2 54 7 pF
C2 61 0 00 p F
C2 72 2 uF
C2 82 2 pF
C2 9
1 0 00 p F
RF _S W _ I N
C3 0
1 0 00 p F
A N T _ CT L 0
A N T _ CT L 1
A N T E N NA
VHF Antenna Selection
Collar Antenna Design 13” Whip Antenna Approximently 1 dBi
Router Antenna Design Yagi Antenna Array Approximently 10 dBi
Radio Coverage
Link Budget Equations
Transceiver Sensitivity: 1E-16 Watts
GPS Module
Trimble Copernicus & Trimble Condor
Ublox NEO-5QAdvantages include
I2C interface, package size, low-power, and lower cost
Kick-start technology means accelerated startup with weak signals
16.0 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm
GPS Antenna
Active Patch Antenna with 16 dB gain
Taoglas- Leader in GPS patch antennas
i-Pex coaxial connector to GPS module
35 x 35 x 4.49 mm
Schematic – GPS Section
Power Consumption
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Total Power Consumption
Power Consumption
Time (s)
Pow
er
(W)
GPS Tracking (0.466872 W)
GPS Acquisition (0.526902 W)
Data Transmission (2.349096 W)
Idle Power (0.027168 W)
ComponentPeak Max Power (W)
Peak Min Power (W)
GPS 0.36 0
GPS Antenna 0.0228 0
Power Amplifier 1.98 0
PIC 0.09 3.00E-04
Transceiver 0.21 0.000006
EEPROM 0.03 0.000030
3.3V Buck 0.027 0.000066
3.3V Always Buck 0.027 0.000066
5V Buck 0.042 0.000066
TOTAL 2.789 0.000234
Battery
Lithium 3000mAh AA size 4 x 1.5v in series Operating temperature of -
40oC – 60oC Estimated battery life of 14
days
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 201
51
101
151
201
251
301
351
401
Current Consumption vs. Time
3.3V Always3.3V5VPICPATransceiverEEPROM GPSTotal
Time (s)
Curr
ent
Consu
mpti
on (
mA
)
System Overview
GPS Patch Antenna
Transceiver ADF7021
PICU-blox GPS
Power Electronics
3.3 V 3.3 V 3.3 V
Battery 6V
VHF Antenna
Power Amplifier
PC
USB
5 V
RF Switch
3.3 V
Schematic – Power Section
Schematic – PIC Section
Microcontroller choice based on:
• XLP Feature
• No. of Com Ports
• Large Program Memory (64k)
• I/O count
• Price
Model Chosen: PIC18F46J11
Schematic – USB Section
Chassis
Complies with NEMA 1, 2, 4, 4X, 12, 13
Polycarbonate ASTM D790 15,000 psi
Waterproof and durable
Customizable
600 psi
15,000 psi
System Level Test Cases
Tests include 2 Routers & 3 Collar Units
Unit System Level Power Up and Gain GPS Lock Power Down and Power Up after predetermined time
Unit to Router CommunicationRouter to Router CommunicationNetwork Communication
Introduce collars to network at different pointsRouter Initialization
Component test cases described in design document
Schedule
Completed Tasks Project plan and Design Document Technology Selection Detailed Design including all schematics
Remaining Schedule Acquire Materials for Prototype – End: 1/18/09 Assemble Prototypes – End: 3/1/09 End Product Testing – End: 4/19/09
33
Cost Estimates
Item Estimate Cost
VHF Communication $20.00
VHF Antenna $20.00
GPS $100.00
GPS Antenna $15.00
Battery $15.00
Microcontroller $18.00
Connectors $25.00
Printed Wiring Board $40.00
Chassis $17.00
Power Electronics $20.00
Total $290.00
Description Estimated Unit Cost
Estimated Qty
Extended Cost
Prototypes $290.00 5 $1,450
Labor $20.00 900 $18,000
Total $19,450
34
ANY QUESTIONS?
Thank you!