blackout in sweden and eastern part of denmark 2003-09-23

Blackout in Sweden andEastern Part of Denmark

2003-09-23

Sture Lindahl

2003-10-05Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

[email protected]

Sture Lindahl, LTH/IEA 2

The Nordel System


The Affected Region


Outage Cost

• Interrupted power 5 000 MW

• Average outage time 4 hours

• Outage cost 50 SEK/kWh

• Total outage cost 1000 MSEK


Consumption in Sweden

• Before outage 15 000 MW

• Winter peak 25 000 - 27 000 MW

• Section-4 power flow 2 200 MW


Situation before Disturbance


Generation Outages

G1 & G2

G1, G2 & G3

G1 & G2

Gx


Transmission Outages


The First Event (12:30)

• The nuclear unit Oskarshamn G3 was ramped down from 1 135 MW to zero because of a problem with a valve in the feed-water system.

• The ramping down of Oskarshamn G3 was initiated manually

• The reduction of power took about one minute


The First Event (12:30)

G3


The System Frequency

Frekvensstörning 2003-09-23 12:30:20 (CET) max: 50,022 Hz min: 49,670 Hz

49.650

49.700

49.750

49.800

49.850

49.900

49.950

50.000

50.050

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0

Tid (s)

Fre

kven

s (H

z)

Oskarshamn G3kopplas bort

Frekvensregistrering SvK (Beckomberga 220 kV)

Bilaga 1 1(2)



Frequency in the South-Eastern Part of Sweden

49.5

49.6

49.7

49.8

49.9

50.0

50.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time [seconds]

Fre

qu

enc

y H

z]


The Second Event (12:35)

• A disconnector in the 400 kV substation Horred failed (reason unknown) and caused a two-phase fault

• Correct clearing of the fault was initiated from the busbar protection

• The circuit breakers operated correctly


R R RT

Var

mgå

ng

Bila

ga 3


Damaged Disconnector



Busbar Fault


Voltage Level

Voltage Simpevarp Busbar A+B

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Vo

lta

ge

[kV

]


Voltage Level

Voltage Simpevarp Busbar D

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Vo

lta

ge

[kV

]


Voltage Level

Voltage Alvesta

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Vo

lta

ge

[kV

]


Voltage Level

Voltage Söderåsen

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Vo

lta

ge

[kV

]


Power Flow

Active (Real) Power Horred-Söderåsen

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Po

wer

[M

W]


Power Flow

Active (Real) Power Horred-Tenhult

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Po

wer

[M

W]


Power Flow

Active (Real) Power Horred-Kilanda

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Po

wer

[M

W]


Power Flow

Active (Real) Power Ringhals G3+G4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Po

wer

[M

W]


Tap Changers

TC-position Breared

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Tap


Tap Changers

TC-position Alvesta

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]

Tap


Tap Changers

TC-position Simpevarp

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420

Time [seconds]



Frekvensstörning 2003-09-23 12:35:00 (CET) max: 50,414 Hz min: 49,279 Hz

49.200

49.400

49.600

49.800

50.000

50.200

50.400

50.600

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0

Tid (s)

Fre

kven

s (H

z)

Frekvensregistrering SvK (Beckomberga 220 kV)Horred fel 12:37:03Ringhals block 3 och 4 kopplas bort

Sammanbrott

Bilaga 1 2(2)



Frequency in the South-Eastern Part of Sweden

49.0

49.2

49.4

49.6

49.8

50.0

300.0 300.2 300.4 300.6 300.8 301.0 301.2 301.4 301.6 301.8 302.0

Time [seconds]

Fre

qu

enc

y H

z]

What we saw of the black-out

Voltages and frequency recorded on 23 September 2003 at

Chalmers

(Math Bollen, 24-9-2003)


First a few words about the measurements.

These measurements were obtained by two different instrumentsat two different locations in our building.

a Medcal monitor connected to the wall-outlet in my office (singlephase). This monitor records min, mean and max every minute. Upon triggering a two-cycle sample of the waveform is obtained.

a Unipower monitor connected to the main busbar in our laboratory(three phases). This monitor records min, mean and max every minute. Upon triggering a 2.5-second record of the rms voltages is stored.

The clocks of the two monitors are not synchronous. The main voltagedip (12:35 according to SvK) had the following time stamps:Medcal: 12:41:06Unipower: 12:31:11


Ställverk: Sags/SwellsRMS trend for sag/swell #67 at P3: 2003-09-23 12:31:11

U[V

]

Time

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

U1 U2 U3

0.5-cycle rms voltages during and after the main dip

normal dip due to two-phase-to-ground fault

oscillation points to instability!

time stamp: 12:31:11

Unipower


Ställverk: Sags/SwellsRMS trend for sag/swell #68 at P1: 2003-09-23 12:31:17

U[V

]

Time

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

U1 U2 U3

rms voltages six seconds later

time stamp: 12:31:17

cause of dips is unclear.

Unipower


Timeplot chart

2003-09-23 12:00:00,00 - 2003-09-23 19:00:00,00

CHA Freq

12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00

Hz

49.25

49.50

49.75

50.00

50.25

50.50

frequency recordings during the whole afternoon: the three curves showmaximum, minimum and average over each 1-minute period

the main disturbance around 12:30 minor disturbancearound 18:00

MedCal


Timeplot chart

2003-09-23 12:20:00,00 - 2003-09-23 13:00:00,00

CHA Freq

12:20 12:25 12:30 12:35 12:40 12:45 12:50 12:55 13:00

Hz

49.25

49.50

49.75

50.00

50.25

50.50

This shows the frequency variations during the first disturbancein more detail

MedCal

the main dipwas recorded here

loss of Oskarhamn 3

loss of Ringhals 3+4

loss of South Sweden

frequency remains highdue to loss of load


Recordings from Odensala

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

A400/kV

340

360

380

400

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

B400/kV

340

360

380

400

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

FL4 S4 P/GW

0,50

0,75

1,00

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

FL4 S4 Q/Var

0,000e+000

2,000e+008

4,000e+008

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

FREKVENS A400/mHz

0

250

500

t/s0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

FREKVENS B400/mHz

0

250

500

Frekvensfall Frekvensstegring


Voltage Restoration

• The 400 kV network was essentially restored after 1 hour


Genopretningen minut for minut

12.38 Elkraft System forbereder at sætte spænding på hele højspændingsnettet

13.20 Elkraft System venter på, at Kyndbyværket starter

13.41 Vi får tilladelse til at koble os til Sverige – men kun med et meget lille forbrug (max. 200 MW)

13.46 Østdanmark kobler til Sverige. Højspændingsnettet er i gang



13.54 Elkraft System giver tilladelse til, at en del af forbrugerne får strøm igen:

• Københavns Energi kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 50 MW

• NESA kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 50 MW

• SEAS kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 25 MW

• NVE kan tilkoble forbrugere svarende til 25 MW



14.15 Første kraftværksblok kører igen (Kyndbyværket)

14.16 Svenska Kraftnät melder, at vi kun må trække 100 MW fra Sverige

14.31 Asnæsværket blok 5 forsøger at starte, men kan ikke. Asnæsværket blok 2 forsøges herefter startet

14.53 Stigsnæsværket blok 2 havarerer ved opstart

14.57 Gasturbine på Masnedø kommer i gang (55 MW)



15.00 Københavns Energi får lov at give ekstra 10 procent af forbrugerne strøm

15.22 Gasturbine på Kyndbyværket kommer i gang

15.25 Yderligere 10 procent af forbrugerne hos SEAS tilkobles

15.29 Endnu en gasturbine på Kyndbyværket kommer i gang

16.42 Københavns Energi får tilladelse til at give DSB’s fjerntog strøm



16.57 Systemet er stabilt nok, til at vindmøllerne gradvist kan tilkobles

18.18 En dieselgenerator på Kyndbyværket sætter ud

18.25 Asnæsværket blok 2 kommer i gang

18.33 Asnæsværket blok 5 havarerer ved opstart og er ikke kommet i gang endnu

19.05 NVE, NESA, KE og SEAS får tilladelse til at tilkoble resten af forbrugerne


Conclusion

• Outage of 20% of Sweden

• Outage of 50% of Denmark

• Voltage restoration time 1 hour

• Load restoration was depending on start-up time of generating units

• Outage cost about 1 000 MSEK


Additional Information

http://www.elkraft-system.dk/elkraft/dk/Nyheder.nsf

http//www.svk.se/

http://www.abebooks.com/

blackout in sweden and eastern part of denmark 2003-09-23

Documents

unipowersture lindahl

lthieasture lindahl

regionsture lindahl

30g3sture lindahl

minutesture lindahl

mw sture lindahl

disturbance sture lindahl

msek sture lindahl