black hole questions • what happens to space-time near a ... · solar, black hole 3.3 ≤m ≤5.5...
TRANSCRIPT
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• What happens to space-time near a black hole?
• Why are black holes black?• What observational evidence
do we have for black holes?
Black Hole Questions
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Few SolarMasses
>106
Solar Masses
Core-collapse supernovae: for M > 3Msolar neutron degeneracy pressure cannot support a star against gravity
Supermassive black holes that form in the centers of galaxies as they form
Black Holes: Formation
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Newton (1687)
F = GM1M2/R2
Einstein
Special Relativity (1905) -Relates space and time in a 4-dimensional spacetime (nothing can move faster than the speed of light)
General Relativity (1915)-Gravity is the curvature of space by mass⇒Even light is bent by gravity!
What if M1=0?
A New Theory of Gravity
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Spacetime around the Sun Spacetime around a 1Msolarwhite dwarf
Fig.
S3-
15A
Fig.
S3-
15B
Spacetimearound the Sun compressed to a black hole
The Curvature of Space
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What would happen to the Earth’s orbit if the Sun were replaced with a 1 Msolar black hole?
A)The Earth would spiral into the black hole.B)NothingC)The Earth would escape from the solar
system.
Concept Question
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What would happen to the Earth’s orbit if the Sun were replaced with a 1 Msolar black hole?
A)The Earth would spiral into the black hole.B)NothingC)The Earth would escape from the solar
system.
Concept Question
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Viewgraph
The Event Horizon
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Are black holes sucking everything into the Universe into them?—No talking to neighbors on this one.
A)YesB)No
Concept Question
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Are black holes sucking everything into the Universe into them?—No talking to neighbors on this one.
A)YesB)No!—This is a popular
misconception
Concept Question
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Fig. 18.12
Fig. 18.13
Time slows downThere are strong
gravitational gradients
Strange Things that Happen Near the Event Horizon
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Cygnus X-1
Fig.
18.
14A
Fig.
18.
03
•Discovered in the 1970s by UHURU•2 kpc distant•Companion 8.5 ≤ M ≤ 20 Msolar, Black hole 3.3 ≤ M ≤ 5.5 Msolar•Variable X-ray emission (radius ≤ 300 km)
Observational Evidence for Solar-Mass-Scale Black Holes