black hole growth and galaxy evolution meg urry yale university

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Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

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Page 1: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Black Hole Growthand Galaxy Evolution

Meg UrryYale University

Page 2: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

~All galaxies host supermassive black holes

Page 3: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

The formation and evolution of

galaxiesis closely tied to

the growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation

Page 4: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

The formation and evolution of

galaxiesis closely tied to

the growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation

Page 5: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

The formation and evolution of

galaxiesis closely tied to

the growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation

Page 6: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

M- RelationB

lack

Hole

Mass

Stellar Velocity Dispersion

Page 7: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Effect of Black Hole on Galaxy

Page 8: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Demographics of supermassive black holes

What we learned from multiwavelength surveys

Page 9: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Deep surveys show most

accretion is obscured

• GOODS, COSMOS, MUSYC, ECDFS, AGES, Lockman Hole, HDF-N/S, NDWFS, XBootes, XMM/LSS, …

• Hard X-rays penetrate obscuration

• Energy re-radiated in infrared

• High resolution optical separates host galaxy, constrains redshifts

Page 10: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

GOODS

Page 11: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Chandra

Spitzer

HSTXMM

Page 12: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

+60

+40

+20

0

20

40

60

ECDFS

GOODS-S UDF

SDSS1030

1256

HDF-S

“COSMOS”

“MUSYC”

GOODS-N HDF

not to scale

Page 13: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

HST ACS color image (0.3% of GOODS)

Page 14: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

HST+Spitzer color image (0.3% of GOODS)

Page 15: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Treister, Urry & Virani 2009

Page 16: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Survey Results Treister et al. …

• Most BH accretion obscured– Log N-Log S infrared, optical, X-ray, -ray– Fits AGN redshift distribution– Fits X-ray “background”

• Obscuration increases with redshift– NH, narrow lines, infrared selection

Page 17: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Compton-thick & Heavily Obscured AGN

Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL SurveySwift BAT SurveyInfrared excess

Page 18: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL Survey

Treister, Urry & Virani 2009, Virani et al. 2009

Page 19: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

3 Msec UDIS

Treister, Urry & Virani 2009, Virani et al. 2009

Page 20: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 21: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

NuSTAR

EXIST

Virani et al. 2009

Page 22: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Compton-thick & Heavily Obscured AGN

Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL SurveySwift BAT SurveyInfrared excess

Page 23: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Heavily obscured &higher redshift AGN

• Not detected in deep Chandra/XMM surveys (nearby AGN detected w INTEGRAL/Swift)• Infrared-bright (high & low redshift)• How to distinguish AGN from starbursts? (X-ray stacking)

Page 24: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

2 4 6 8

R K (Vega)

4

3

2

1

0

1

Log

F2

4/F

R

Fiore et al. 2008, Treister et al. 2009b

Infrared-excess sources

Page 25: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Daddi et al. 2007, Fiore et al. 2008

Page 26: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

24 m “normal” 24 m “excess”

X-Ray Stacked Spectra

Daddi et al. 2007

Page 27: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Redshift

(Mpc3 )

Treister et al. 2009b

Page 28: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

How do quasars form?

Sanders et al. 1988 mergers ULIRGsULIRGs quasars

Page 29: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 30: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 31: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Redshift

Obscured

/Unobscu

red Quas

ars

Obscured to Unobscured Quasar Ratio

Treister et al., submitted

Page 32: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Obscured to Unobscured Quasar Ratio

Treister et al. submitted

X-ray selected

Redshift

Obscured

/Unobscu

red Quas

ars

Local ULIRGs

IR-selected

Treister et al., submitted

Page 33: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 34: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

The Interplay of Black Holes & Star Formation

Page 35: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

First scenario

• Common trigger (e.g., merger)?• Star formation starts (delay?)• BH accretion delayed (angular momentum)• AGN turns on, heats ISM/IGM• Star formation turns off• Stars age from blue to red

Page 36: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

red

blue

bright faint

Galaxy Colors

red sequence

blue cloud

galaxies merging

stars aging

Schawinski et al. 2009

Page 37: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

red

blue

bright faint

Galaxy Colors

Schawinski et al. 2009

Page 38: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 39: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

red

blue

bright faintSchawinski et al. 2009

Galaxy Colors

Page 40: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

red

blue

bright faint

Galaxy Colors

Schawinski et al. 2009

Page 41: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

red

blue

bright faint

AGN avoid the blue cloud

Schawinski et al. 2009

Galaxy Colors

Page 42: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Schawinski et al. 2009

red

blue

young old

1 Gyr

Page 43: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

The Future of Deep SurveysWider areasDeep X-ray (NuSTAR)Far-infrared, submm (Herschel, ALMA)

Page 44: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Survey Goals• Cosmic history of BH growth (Treister, Glikman, Virani)

– Herschel, NuSTAR deep surveys (COSMOS)– WFC3 imaging (to separate host and nucleus)

• Form of AGN energy injection – Narrow-band imaging of winds (SINFONI, Paulina Lira)– Absorption spectroscopy in rest-frame UV

• Phasing of AGN turn-on and SF turn-off (Schawinski)– Galaxy colors – Spectral signatures (better)

• Role of mergers (Schawinski)– Major vs. minor mergers (Galaxy Zoo, Cardamone)– Connection to cosmological simulations (Kyoungsoo Lee)

Page 45: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 46: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Galaxy Morphology

“Galaxy Zoo”www.galaxyzoo.org

Page 47: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

Host Galaxy Morphologies

Disks

Spheroids

Page 48: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

u-r

colo

r

Log Stellar Mass (Mo)

9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Page 49: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

AGN Duty Cycle

Log Stellar Mass (Mo)

9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0

u-r

colo

r3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

Page 50: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University
Page 51: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

AGN Duty Cycle

Page 52: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

0 5 10 15

Time (Gyr) now Big Bang

Number of

obscured AGN

Page 53: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

0 5 10 15

Time (Gyr) now Big Bang

Number of

obscured AGN

Page 54: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

0 5 10 15

Time (Gyr) now Big Bang

Number of AGN

Page 55: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

0 5 10 15

Time (Gyr) now Big Bang

Number of AGN

t

Page 56: Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution Meg Urry Yale University

0 5 10 15

Time (Gyr) now Big Bang