black band disease pathogenesis and impacts in the florida ... voss j.pdfblack band disease...
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Black Band Disease Pathogenesis and Impacts in the Florida Keys
Joshua Voss, Daniel Rowan, and Sara EdgeRobertson Coral Reef Program, CIOERT
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Regulation of Pathogenesis1) Invasion of infectious
bacteriaBacteria(agent)
Disease
Environment
3) Change in environment reduces coral defenses
A. via changes in coral physiology (zoox?)
B. via changes in resident bacteria abundance or physiology
2) Change in environment results in increased pathogen virulence
Coralholobiont
(host)EnvironmentEnvironment
CoralCoralholobiontholobiont
(host)(host)
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Survey and Sampling LocationsRCRP FKNMS CDCURICIOERT
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10
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Prolonged elevated temperature impacts coral bleaching and disease
• Maximum Degree Heating Weeks (DHW)
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FL Keys
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
BB
D P
reva
lenc
e RCRP and FKNMS Coral Health Cruise Data:BBD Prevalence among Susceptible Species
DHW
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Colpophyllia natans
Siderastrea siderea
Montastraea spp
Years of Recurring Infection
Col
onie
s E
xper
ienc
ing
Tota
l Mor
talit
y (%
)Likelihood of total colony mortality due to BBD
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
1 2 3 4 5 6
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Effect of BBD on Coral Tissue Surface Area
Years from initial BBD observation
Colpophyllia natans
Siderastrea siderea
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6
Mea
n C
olon
y S.
A. (
cm2 )
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Effect of nutrient enrichment on BBD migration in situ
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20
nutrient dosed (n=10)
control (n=10)
days
band
mig
ratio
n (m
m)
Voss and Richardson 2006, Coral Reefs
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1) progression rates of BBD2) composition of the bacterial communities of
the host coral mucus and BBD3) gene expression of coral and zooxanthellae4) immune activity of coral (Mydlarz)
Ex-situ experiment: temperature, light, and colony effects on BBD pathogenesis
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Raceway A Raceway B Raceway C
12.5% (10m) 35% (2m)
LightInfectedControl
BBDAmb. (27-30 oC) Elev. (30-33 oC)
Temp
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Ambient temp35% LightColony - C
0 mm 3 mm 6.8 mm
0 mm 9 mm 24.2 mm
BBD Progression
0 mm 3 mm 13.2 mm
Day 1 Day 4 Day 7
Ambient Temp35% LightColony - A
Elev Temp35% LightColony - A
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0123456
1
BBD progression rates inlight and temperature treatments
12.5% lightAmbient temp
12.5% lightElev. temp
35% lightAmbient temp
35% light Elev. temp
Ave
rage
pro
gres
sion
(mm
/day
)
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BBD Progression colony comparison
012345678
1
F = 9.94df = 4p < 0.01
A B C D EColonies
Ave
rage
pro
gres
sion
(mm
/day
)
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Are Corals Tough Enough?
• Not just who…but why
• Are certain areas or coral populations more resistant to disease in the Florida Keys?
• Are particular coral or zooxanthellae genotypes more resistant to disease?
• Do resistant corals harbor different bacterial assemblages than susceptible corals?
• Do any of the above change when environmental conditions are altered?
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Summary• Annual BBD recurrence common (20-55%) in FL
– increased coral tissue lost and an improved likelihood of total colony mortality
– excess nutrients exacerbate BBD infections
• Temperature experiment indicates upper threshold to BBD enhancement effects– severity vs. prevalence
• Coral disease susceptibility varies among colonies within and between species– Are these patterns predictable? – How might this impact restoration activities?
• Diagnostics and training to quantify coral health beyond measures of mortality
• Improved techniques to identify susceptible populations or regions
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Acknowledgments
Dennis Hanisak – HBOI@FAUSara Edge – HBOI@FAUJohn Reed – HBOI@FAUDan Rowan - FAU
Erich Bartels - MoteCory Walter - MoteAshley Voss - USDA/ HBOI
Brian Keller - NOAALauri Maclaughlin - FKNMSScott Donahue – FKNMSErich Mueller - PIMSCDC Teams
Dee Mills - FIULaura Mydlarz – UTAGraham Forrester - URI
The Banbury Fund River Branch Foundation
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