BITM 1113SISTEM MULTIMEDIA

Week 13Multimedia Production Process

Introduction

Multimedia design and development is a complex and harder-than-you-think proposition

Producing multimedia projects with quality, at a reasonable price, and on time calls for thinking things out ahead of time

A healthy multimedia production process is tailored to the type and scale of the individual project, but certain concepts apply no matter what you're developing

Multimedia Production Process

Pre-Production

Production

Post-Production

PRE-PRODUCTION

Concept Definition Design Production Plan Documentation Assembly Team Build Prototype Clear Rights Client-Signoff and Fundings

Concept Definition

Title goals Audience Title Genre - Doom type game,

nonprofit web site, kiosk, etc. Marketing requirements Budget parameters Schedule requirements

Design

Story/content/services Information architecture Visual and sound Technical Interaction Navigation

Production Plan

Storyboarding / Content outline Budgeting Scheduling Asset Management Staffing Payment Methods

PRODUCTION

Content Creation Content Processing Software Creation Integration of Content and

Software Revise Design Build Alpha Version First Testing and Bug Reporting Revise Software Build Beta Version

POST-PRODUCTION

Beta Testing and Bug Reporting Evaluate Bug Report Revise Software Release Golden Master Archive all Production Material Documentation

BITM 1113SISTEM MULTIMEDIA

Issues in Multimedia Application Development

InformationKiosk

Property

Tourism

Simulation

Marketing

Video Conferencing

Virtual WorldsTraining

Video Mail

Home Page Services

Finance

InteractiveEncyclopedia

MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS

ElectronicCatalogues

Games

Media Combination

HumanResource

ApplicationArea

Legislation

End Users

ISSUES INMULTIMEDIAAPPLICATION

DEVELOPMENT

HardwareSoftware

• PC / Workstation• Input Devices• Conversion Devices• Output Devices• Computer Network

Hardware

• Text• Graphics / Image• Animation• Voice / Music• Video

Media Combination

• Authoring Tools

• Graphic Software

• Animation Software

• Software for Media Combination

Software

• Industry• School• Public Sector• Marketing• Documentation• Training

Application Area

• Technical Expertise• Creative Designers• Programmers• Media Experts• Graphic Designers• Script Writers• Audio/Video Engineers

Human Resource

• Public• Students• Professionals• Computer Literate• Teachers• Trainees

End Users

• Copyright

• Patent

• Intellectual Property

• Royalties

Legislation

Storage Considerations for Product Delivery

The choice of delivery media to be used for anymultimedia system depends on a number of factors.

SpeedMedia such as video and large graphic images placehigh demands on the data transfer rate of the mediaused.

CostHere not only should the cost of the data of the mediabe taken into account but also cost of recording data onto the chosen media

Storage CapacityMultimedia projects tend to require a large amountof storage capacity due to the use of video, soundand graphics.

Installed BaseThe choice of delivery media should also take intoaccount its popularity.

RewritabilitySome applications require periodical updating. Not alltypes of media can be rewritten to so again this mustbe taken into account

MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING

Week 14

BITM 1113 – Multimedia Systems

Multimedia, Quality of Service: What is it?

Multimedia applications: network audio and video(“continuous media”)

network provides application with level of performance needed for application to function.

QoS

http://www.ccnahub.com/ip-fundamentals/understanding-qos-concept/

MM Networking Applications

Fundamental characteristics:

Typically delay sensitive– end-to-end delay– delay jitter

But loss tolerant: infrequent losses cause minor glitches

Antithesis of data, which are loss intolerant but delay tolerant.

Classes of MM applications:

1) Streaming stored audio and video

2) Streaming live audio and video

3) Real-time interactive audio and videoJitter is the variability of packet delays within the same packet stream

Jitter is a variation in packet transit delay caused by queuing, contention and serialization effects on the path through the network.

Streaming Stored Multimedia

Streaming: media stored at source transmitted to client streaming: client playout begins

before all data has arrived timing constraint for still-to-be

transmitted data: in time for playout

Streaming Live Multimedia

Examples: Internet radio talk show Live sporting eventStreaming playback buffer playback can lag tens of seconds after

transmission still have timing constraintInteractivity fast forward impossible rewind, pause possible!

Interactive, Real-Time Multimedia

end-end delay requirements:– audio: < 150 msec good, < 400 msec

OK• includes application-level (packetization)

and network delays• higher delays noticeable, impair

interactivity session initialization

– how does callee advertise its IP address, port number, encoding algorithms?

applications: IP telephony, video conference, distributed interactive worlds

Multimedia Over Today’s InternetTCP/UDP/IP: “best-effort service” no guarantees on delay, loss

Today’s Internet multimedia applications use application-level techniques to mitigate

(as best possible) effects of delay, loss

But you said multimedia apps requiresQoS and level of performance to be

effective!

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Real-time interactive applications

PC-2-PC phone– instant messaging services are providing

this PC-2-phone

– Dialpad– Net2phone

videoconference with Webcams

Internet Phone: Packet Loss and Delay

network loss: IP datagram lost due to network congestion (router buffer overflow)

delay loss: IP datagram arrives too late for playout at receiver– delays: processing, queueing in network; end-

system (sender, receiver) delays– typical maximum tolerable delay: 400 ms

loss tolerance: depending on voice encoding, losses concealed, packet loss rates between 1% and 10% can be tolerated.

making the best of today’s best effort service scheduling and policing mechanisms next generation Internet: Intserv, RSVP, Diffserv

Multimedia Development Team

BITM 1113SISTEM MULTIMEDIA

Introduction Successful multimedia projects begin

with selecting “team player”. Selection is only the beginning of a

team building process that must continue through a project’s duration

Team building refers to activities that help a group and its members function at optimum levels of performance by creating a work culture incorporating the styles of its members.

Introduction

Consist of people who has various capabilities

Individual members can wear several hats

Consist of– Project Manager– Multimedia Designer– Interface Designer– Writer– Video Specialist– Audio Specialist– Multimedia Programmer– Producer

Project Manager

Center of the action Responsible for overall development and

implementation for project and day to day operation Budgets, schedules, creative sessions, time sheets,

illness, invoices, team dynamics. 2 major areas of responsibilities

– design– management

understand strengths and limitations of hardware and software

people skills and organizational skills

look and feel of a multimedia project should be pleasing, aesthetic, inviting and engaging

project should maintain visual consistency

navigation, icons, screen elements instructional designer shift point of view to be empathetic with

end users

Multimedia Designer

interface provides control to the power who use it

make sure user does not get left out

good ID will create a product that rewards exploration and encourages use

knowing authoring system is crucial

Interface Designer

they create character, action, point of view and interactivity

they write proposals, script for voice over and actors’ narration

they write text screens to deliver messages and develop characters designed for an interactive environment

multimedia writing is different from writing a film or video script

Writer

Video Specialist maybe 1 person and 1 camera/camcoder responsible for an entire team of

videographers, sound technicians, lighting designers, set designers, script supervisors, production assistants and actor.

Must be a seasoned professionals managing all phases of production from concept to final edit.

Understand the potentials and limitations of the medium

affect video production : get the most out of it Decide whether to build sets or shoot in front of

a blue screens Experts in editing software and machine

Person who make a multimedia program come alive

Designing and producing music, voice-over, narrations and sound effects.

Help from– composer– audio engineer– recording technicians

Responsible for locating and selecting suitable music and talent, scheduling recording sessions, digitizing and editing recorded material into computer files.

Audio Specialist

Integrates all the multimedia elements of a project into a seamless whole using an authoring system or programming language.

Range from coding simple displays of multimedia elements controlling peripheral devices

E.g: Lingo, Java, C++ Has ability to quickly learn and understand systems Programmer will build extensions to the authoring

and presentation suite in order to add the desired capacity/effect

Delivering quality programming on tight schedule

Multimedia Programmer

Interact with all levels of management, network teams and development teams to provide efficient project solutions

Managing documents and developing web projects

Producer

Team Members should:

• Join in group activities

• Be creative

• Open to change

• Stay alert

• Keep the vision in mind

The Team Culture is

• Everyone working together to achieve the task

• Respect for each other’s skills

• A sharing of success and failures

• Mutual support when needed

Types of MM Products (some examples)

• Education• Edutainment/Infotainment• Historical• Promotional

Costing MM Projects

• Labour Model• Content Model

Budget Template

Clients

• MM Novice (has not seen any MM products)• Some Experience (know what it is)• Experienced (have worked on a project before)• Those who think they are experts !!

Client & End-User

• Client is the person with the funds• End-User is the person who will be using the product

Delivery Platform Choices

• Machine Type• Type & speed of processor• Amount of RAM• Operating System & Version• CD-ROM/DVD Drive, screen resolution• Network Speed, Audio/Video & Sound handling

The Production Process

Concept Map

Storyboard

Resource Dev. Sheet

Testing Sheet

Testing should be done by:

• Novice

• Client

• End-Users

Task Sheet

Project Completion

On Project Completion:

• Gather all materials together task sheets, resource sheets, storyboards, budgets,  correspondence and file together

• Conduct a post-mortem on the project to see how ‘actual time’ compare to ‘budgeted time’

• Make resource CD for archiving

Things to think about:

• Copyright laws

• Accessibility

• Equity Quality Assurance

• Certification by ISO

Take advantage of learning by mistakes

• Listen carefully to the client and ask open-ended questions

• Ensure daily backup of developmental materials

• Copy materials to another server as a reserve

• in case the development computer crashes

• Involve non-techie people with testing

• Test on lower level computers• Proof-read contents