Bite sized training sessions:Drivers

Objectives

• To understand– What drivers are– Where they come from– Where they fit in to analysis of requirements– The importance of drivers

• To be able to– Find drivers– Document drivers

Stakeholders

Drivers

Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives

Drivers Drivers Drivers

ChangeRequirements

ChangeRequirements

ChangeRequirements

ChangeRequirements

ChangeRequirements

Chain Of Reasoning:

Change Requirements must be assumed to be wrong until they are proved to be right

Stakeholders

The big questions…who are the project killer

stakeholders?

• There are a set of people and organisation units that can kill your project

• They may be obvious and they may not• They may not all be killer stakeholders for the

same reasons.

Slide: 4

Owner/Manager Stakeholders

e.g. Organisation Owner, Process owner, Product

or Service owner

Resource Supplier Stakeholderse.g. people who can allocate buildings, systems,

equipment, consumables,spares, sub-contractors

Compliance stakeholderse.g. Policy, legal, H&S, Audit,

external regulators

Customers ofThe solution stakeholders(internal and/or

external depending on project)

Requirements

Solution

Rules, requirements, constraints

Complianceresults

ResourceResource requests

Performance criteria

KPI results, profits, etc

Project

project killer stakeholders?

NB: ~ 1 person/group can play the role of many stakeholders.~ Expect all stakeholder interactions to come in pairs: typically a request and response.

Slide: 6

The big questions…who are the other stakeholders?

• There are a set of people and organisation units that are impacted in some way your project

• They may be obvious and they may not• They will not all be stakeholders for the same

reasons.

Remember RACI?

Too many R’s Why is this role so responsible. Can they cope. Can they delegate. Are there bottlenecks around this one role. What happens when people are on holiday or absent unexpectedly etc.

Every box filled in Why is the person involved in so many activities. Are there bottlenecks around this one role. Can R’s be reduced to C’s, and can C’s be reduced to I’s

No R’s or A’s Should this role be eliminated in the process. Could the resources be redeployed.

Too many A’s Is there a proper segregation of duties. Should other groups in other areas be accountable for some of the A’s. Are there bottlenecks around this one role

Responsible Those who do the work

There can be multiple resources ‘responsible’

Accountable Those accountable for the completion of tasks, eg the ‘buck stops here’.

There can only be one resource ‘accountable’

Consulted Those whose opinions are sought

2 way communication

Informed Those that are kept up-to-date on progress, or after a decision or event has occurred

1 way communication

Responsible Those who do the work

There can be multiple resources ‘responsible’

Accountable Those accountable for the completion of tasks, eg the ‘buck stops here’.

There can only be one resource ‘accountable’

Consulted Those whose opinions are sought

2 way communication

Informed Those that are kept up-to-date on progress, or after a decision or event has occurred

1 way communication

Remember RACI quality checks?

Exercise: Define the project stakeholders

• Identify and analyse the reasons for involvement of the stakeholders – especially the killers!

• Use the handouts• The business is available to answer questions.• If you need to make assumptions, document

them.• Time allowed: 15 minutes• Deliverable: flipchart of stakeholders and reasons

for involvement

Slide: 8

Drivers• There are reasons why a project exists –

something has ‘driven’ the need for it• Drivers have driven the project killer stakeholders

to sponsor the project• These drivers tend to be

– Problems the stakeholders want fixed AND/OR– Opportunities the stakeholders want to exploit AND/OR– Standards/regulation/legislation the stakeholders want

to comply with

• Drivers need to be analysed…

The big questions…why does your project

exist?• What do the killer stakeholders want from

the project?• What would need to be in place for this to

happen?• Why isn’t this happening now?• So what are the problems or

opportunities that the desires address?

Slide: 10

Exercise: Define project killer stakeholders

drivers• From the case study try and build a sentence for

each driver:– “given the desire to [do something] it follows that [some things are in

place] but the reason this isn’t happening now are [problems] and this has resulted in [issues for the organisation]”

• The business are available to answer questions.• If you need to make any assumptions, document

them.• Time allowed: 15 minutes• Deliverable: flipchart of drivers and assumptions.

Slide: 11

Questions?