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BISHOP SCOTT BOYS’ SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, School Campus: Chainpur, Jaganpura,

By-Pass, Patna 804453.

Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , Web: www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email: info@bishopscottboysschool.com

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

BIOLOGY

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-IX

TOPIC: THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

DAY-1

TEACHING MATERIAL

Sub- topic : Cell as basic unit

Definition of Cell-

-The cell is the basic functional and structural unit of life.

- All the living organisms are composed of cells. All cells are formed by the division of

the already existing cells which in terms of biology means reproduction. Every cell of

our body comprises of genetic material which is passed down during the process.

- Cell is known as structural unit of life as cells join to give us a structure.

*NCERT Book Link-

http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?iesc1=5-15

* Organization of Cell-

*Picture Link-

https://images.app.goo.gl/CThd7dhJHAPDrXM66

-Cell is also known as the functional unit of life as it helps to perform various functions

and metabolic reaction take place inside the cell.

*Discovery of Cell and it’s parts-

-Discovered by Robert Hooked in 1665.

-He examined a thin slice of cork under self made crude microscope.

-He observed honey combo like structure.

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-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed living cell.

-Robert Brown described nucleus In cells of Orchid roots in 1831.

-In 1936, J.E.Purkinji and Von Mohl named all living substances as protoplasm.

*Discovery of Microscope-

-Robert Hooke in 1665 - Simple microscope.

- Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 – Simple Microscope

-Erust Ruska and Mose Knoll in 20th century – Electron Microscope.

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*Assignments-

Q.1. What is cell?

Q.2. Who discovered living cell?

Q.3. Who discovered dead cell?

Q.4. Why cell is called structural and functional unit of life?

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DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Sub - topic : Cell Theory

*Teaching Notes -

Credit for developing cell theory is usually given to two scientists: Theodor

Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden. While Rudolf Virchow contributed to the

theory, he is not as credited for his attributions toward it.

The three tenets to the cell theory are as described below:

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.

3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The first of these tenets is disputed, as non-cellular entities such as viruses are

sometimes considered life-forms.

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*Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms –

*PPT-Links –

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/MoazzamaIbrahim/new-difference-between-

prokaryote-and-eukaryote

*Assignments-

Q.1. Explain cell theory .

Q.2. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

DAY-3

TEACHING MATERIAL

Sub - topic: Components of cell

*Teaching Notes –

1. Cell Membrane-

-Cell membrane, also called plasma membrane, thin membrane that surrounds every

living cell, delimiting the cell from the environment around it. Enclosed by this cell

membrane (also known as the plasma membrane) are the cell’s constituents, often large,

water-soluble, highly charged molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates,

and substances involved in cellular metabolism. Outside the cell, in the surrounding

water-based environment, are ions, acids, and alkalis that are toxic to the cell, as well as

nutrients that the cell must absorb in order to live and grow. The cell membrane,

therefore, has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in

and unwanted substances out and, second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of

essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.

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*Differences between osmosis and diffusion- *Video Link –

https://youtu.be/6eLPTCjeirg 2. Cell Wall-

A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside

the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the

cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering

mechanism. Cell walls are present in

most prokaryotes (except mollicute bacteria),

in algae, fungi and eukaryotes including plants but are absent in animals. A

major function is to act as pressure vessels, preventing over-expansion of the

cell when water enters. A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types

of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes

rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also

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acts as a filtering mechanism.[1] Cell walls are present in

most prokaryotes (except mollicute bacteria),

in algae, fungi and eukaryotes including plants but are absent in animals. A

major function is to act as pressure vessels, preventing over-expansion of the

cell when water enters.

Assignment

Q.1 Why plasma membrane is known as semi permeable membrane?

Q.2. Write a short note on fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.

Q.3. Explain the structure and function of cell wall.

DAY-4

Sub - topic : Plant and Animal Cell

*Teaching Notes –

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. For example,

animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal

cells are mostly round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed,

rectangular shapes.

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells, so they have several features in

common, such as the presence of a cell membrane, and cell organelles, like the

nucleus, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

Comparison chart

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Fig ;Plant cell

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Fig; Animal cell

Assignment:

Q.1. Draw well labelled diagram of

a. Plant cell

b. Animal cell

Q.2. Tabulate the differences between plant cell and animal cell.

Q.3. Differentiate between the following:

a. Osmosis and diffusion

b. Active and passive transport

DAY-5

Sub - topic : Component of cell

*Teaching Notes –

1. Protoplasm-

-Protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma

membrane.

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2. Cytoplasm –

-Jelly like substance present between cell membrane and nucleus. It contains

various cell organelles such as mitochondria, golgi bodies etc.

3. Nuckeoplasm-

-Nucleoplasm is a type of protoplasm that is composed of thick fluid and

constitutes chromatin fibres made up of DNA and usually found in the nucleus of

the eukaryotic cells. This fluid contains primarily water, dissolved ions, and a

complex mixture of molecules.

*Practical- To prepare temporary mount of an onion peel.

Link-

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/experiments/experimental-preparation-of-

temporary-mounts-of-an-onion-peel/1777

*Mind Map-

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Assignment:

Q.1. Write a short note on the following

a. Protoplasm

b. Nucleoplasm

c. Cytoplasm

Q. 2. Write experiment to prepare temporary mount of an onion peel

in practical file.

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