bis m3 emerging technology

8/9/2019 BIS M3 Emerging Technology

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Bandwidth and Media

Bandwidth: speed at which data arecommunicated

Bits per second: unit of measure for bandwidth

Baseband: carry only one transmission at a time Broadband: carry multiple transmissions

simultaneously


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Bandwidth (continued)


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Networks

Network: combination of devices (nodes)connected through communication channels


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Virtual Private Networks

Virtual private network (VPN)

Alternative to creating LAN

Does not require leasing of lines

Utilizes Internet, a public network to simulate a

private network

Uses encryption and other security mechanisms

to ensure that only authorized users can access

the network


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Satellite

Satellite services use microwaves

Service provider installs dish antenna, used as

communications satellite

Speeds up to 50 Mbps

Global Positioning System uses satellite service


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Optical Carrier

Optical carrier Expensive

High connection speeds

Uses basic unit of 51.84 Mbps


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GSM

Global System for Mobile Communications The most popular digital cellular system

Uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight

simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency.

Uses digital transmission.

2G mobile phone system


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3G

BSNL & MTNL provide 3G service in India

BSNL launched 3G services in March 2009

India has a total of around 2 mn 3G subscriber

India gears up for the much-awaited 3G auction to take

place in April 2010 BSNL is gearing up to spread the WiMax usage across

India through their Darpan scheme of rural kiosks

Voice calls are available at the rate of 30 paise per

minute, video calls are available at the current STD/localcall rates. BSNL as of now covers around 240 cities

under 3G spectrum services.


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CDMA

Code-Division Multiple Access

Digital cellular technology that uses spread-

spectrum techniques.

Allows several users to share a spectrum of

different frequencies

Individual conversations are encoded with a

random digital sequence

It is the common platform on which 3Gtechnologies are built.


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How do we communicate?

Dial-up access

Broadband accessBroadband access

Wi-Fi access (Wi-Fi access (Wireless fidelity)

WiMAX access (Worldwide Interoperability for

microwave access)


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Infraredalso called IRorIrDA (infrared data

association) - uses red light to send andreceive information

Bluetooth -standard for transmitting information

in the form ofshort range radio waves overdistances of up to 30 feet and is used forpurposes such as wirelessly connecting a cellphone or a PDA to a computer

WiFi(wireless fidelity) - standard fortransmitting information in the form ofradiowaves over distances up to about 300 feet

Wireless Connection


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Wireless Network

Wireless Personal Area Networks

- Up to 10 meter

- IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) Wireless Local Area Networks

- Up to 100 meter- IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) Metropolitan Area and Wide Area Networks

- Up to 50Km

- IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)


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WiFi security

64-bit encryption

- original

128-bit encryption

- much secure


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WiMax

WiMax, short for Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access, is the latest of the wireless"last mile" broadband technologies.

Wiring entire rural area with cables isimpossible.

WiMax provides a means of connecting rural orremote areas with broadband service


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The Satellite

In rural areas, the real competition to WiMaxwould be satellite data services.


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Radio Frequency Identification

RFID tags tiny and need little power

Objects are embedded with tags that contain

radio transceiver

Tags encoded with electronic product code

Readers decode data stored in tags memory

and data passed to host computer


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Top Domain Names Registries

com Commercial (36,352,243)

net Networks edu Educational

jp

us

de

org Organizations (1,267,662)

gov

ru

cn

in (035,810)


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IPV4, IPV6

IANA works in cooperation with five Regional Internet

Registries (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to Local

Internet Registries (Internet service providers) and other

entities

Any user may use the IPv4 private address block

Class A: 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255,

Class B: 172.16.0.0, 172.31.255.255,

Class C: 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

IPv6 (128 bit, 16 byte)


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ISP / India

There are 3 categories of ISPs:- A (whole of India)

B (20 metros: Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta orChennai + Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad or

Pune. ) C private providers

Major ISPs: BSNL, Sify, VSNL, Reliance, DataInfosys, HCL Infinet, Barti Infotel etc

2.5 Million Internet accounts

International connectivity through DoT, VSNL


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Some Internet Applications

Instant Messaging (Online 1-1, Alert) CHAT


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A web Page is a single document written inHTML ( Hypertext Markup Language ) thatincludes the text of the document,itsstructure, any links to other documents and

graphic images and other media.

HTML- WWW documents are authored usingthe Hypertext Markup Language.

Homepage is a Hypertext document, a serverwill serve as default.

What is a Web Page?What is a Web Page?


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What is a Web Browser?What is a Web Browser?

A Web Browser is special softwaresuch as Netscape, Mosaic, Fire Fox or

Internet Explorer.

These browsers allow a user to viewWeb pages delivered from a clientserver (Web Site) situated at aparticular URL on the World Wide Web


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Web Server

A computer that delivers (serves) Webpages.

There are many Web server softwareapplications, including public domainsoftware from NCSA and Apache, andcommercial packages from Microsoft,

Netscape, WAS from IBM, Weblogicfrom Oracle etc.


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What is a protocol?

In networking and Communications, theformal specification that defines theprocedures to be followed when transmitting

and receiving data. Protocols define theformat, timing, sequence and error checkingused on the network.

HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol is thestateless protocol used for data transferwithin WWW.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) /


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URL (Uniform Resource Locator) /URI

ftp://192.168.100.1http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.html

URLs are the global address of documents andother resources on the World Wide Web.

Hostname (or Resource name) specifies the IP

address or the domain name where the resource

is located.
ftp://192.168.100.1/http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.htmlftp://192.168.100.1/


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Web components (fig.)

WebClient

WebServer

ProxyServer

DNSServer

HTTP

MediaServer

MediaPlayer

RTSP

Client-side

programs

Java applet,JavaScript, VB Script,

Active X, Plug-Ins

DocumentPresentation

HTML, CSSXML, XSL

SMIL

Server-side

program

PHP, ASP, Perl, CJava Servlet

ApplicationServer

Database,Search engin

Filesystem


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Software Agents

GENERAL

Buyer agents or shopping bots (eBay, Amazon)

User (or personal) agents

Monitoring-and-surveillance agents

Data Mining agents

SPECIAL

Spam (UBE) filters

Game-bots


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The Business Challenge

How to add new services for users quickly and

cost effectively


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Expand the

Infrastructure!

Buy new servers,

allocate more budget

for software, increase

data centre capacity!!


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Look to the cloud!

Pay for only the

bandwidth and server

resources that you

need. Pay per use

only! If the demand is

seasonal, discontinue

the subscription, whenthe demand is gone


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What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing,

whereby shared resources, software and

information

are provided to computers and other devices on-

demand,

like a public utility.

The security lies in the hands of the customer


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The hype

Cluster ComputingCloud ComputingGrid Computing


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IaaSInfrastructure as a Service

PaaSPlatform as a Service

SaaS

Software as a Service


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SaaS



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Software delivery model

Increasingly popular with SMEs

No hardware or software to

manage

Service delivered through a

browser

SaaS


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Advantages

Pay per use

Instant Scalability

Security Reliability

APIs

SaaS


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Examples CRM Financial Planning

Human Resources

Word processing

Commercial Services:

Salesforce.com emailcloud

SaaS


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Platform delivery model

Platforms are built upon

Infrastructure, which is expensive

Estimating demand is not a

science!

Platform management is not fun!

PaaS


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Popular services

Storage

Database

ScalabilityPaaS


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Examples

Google App Engine

Mosso

AWS: S3PaaS


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Computer infrastructuredelivery model

Access to infrastructure stack:

Full OS access

Firewalls

Routers

Load balancingIaaS


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Advantages Pay per use

Instant Scalability

Security

Reliability

APIs

IaaS


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Examples Flexiscale

AWS: EC2

IaaS


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IaaSInfrastructure as a Service


SaaS



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Common Factors

Pay per use

Instant Scalability

Security

Reliability APIs

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS


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Advantages Lower cost of ownership

Reduce infrastructure management

responsibility

Allow for unexpected resource

loads

Faster application rolloutIaaS

PaaS

SaaS


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Examples of usage


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You need to host a large file (5Mb) on

your website and make it available for35,000 users for only two months

duration. Use Cloud Front from Amazon.

You want to start storage services onyour network for a large number of files

and you do not have the storage

capacityuse Amazon S3.

PaaS


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You want to run a batch job but you dont

have the infrastructure necessary to run itin a timely manner. Use Amazon EC2.

You want to host a website, but only for a

few days. Use Flexiscale.

IaaS

Wh Cl d C ti ?


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Why Cloud Computing?

Pay per use

Instant Scalability

Security

Reliability APIs


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