birth order research

Birth order’s affect on student/parent communication

By: Braydon Graf, Jessica Tidwell, Rebecca Liset Rivet, and Zarina Leiva

Table of Contents

Abstract

Literature Review

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Bibliography

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Open and effective communication is the key to healthy family relation-ships. The way an individual is raised affects how they choose to commu-nicate with their parents once they leave the home. The question behind this study is how often do students of different birth order communicate with their parents at BYU- Idaho?Research gives precedence to this study in many ways. Differences in children of different birth orders are very apparent (3). Firstborns seek ap-proval from their parents (1) and are more likely to struggle with depres-sion due to jealousy (2) while middle children commonly lose their sense of self and are more likely to cause parental conflict (3).This study determines that BYU-Ida-ho students do indeed communicate differently with their parents based on their birth order. Oldest children communicate with their parents the most over all, even when married (Finding #1 and #4). Oldest children also communicate most “just to talk” with their parents while youngest

1. “The Birth Order Effect.”2. “Linkages Between Parents’ Differential Treatment, Youth Depres-sive Symptoms, And Sibling Relationships.”3. “How Does Birth Order Effect Relationships?”

and middle children communicate more because their “parents want to talk” (Finding #2 and #3). It is also reported that youngest men have the most positive relationship with their parents (Finding #5). This study goes to show that oldest children still rely on their parents very much.This also goes to show that being the last child in the home can have a very positive or negative effect. Through the study of birth or-der and communication, discoveries are brought to surface that can help explain how to make parent/child communication more effective.

Abstract

FootNotes

Before the study was con-ducted, a number of other case studies were reviewed to get an understanding of the current research that has already been done in the area of communication and birth order.It is widely recognized that communication is a large component to everyday life. It comes in many forms and has evolved over the years. New ways of communicating between two people include the use of technology. Pop-ular uses such as email, text, video communication and social media have expanded the reach of communication to around the world. Now that communication is so ac-cessible in today’s world, the study looks at how the birth order of children affects the communication with

their parents among the students at Brigham Young Universi-ty-Idaho.One recent study showed that along with birth order, the age at which children are introduced to new technologies can impact the different ways everyone communicates. Of every form of communication, face-to-face communication still remains the most common to convey mes-sages in relationships between parent and child. Older children have been found to communicate using older forms such as phone calls and e-mail more often than younger children. And the oppo-site occurs when there is the use of social networking sites and also the use of text messaging. Younger children are adapting to new changes in communication compared to older children that are content with the forms of communication that they already have. (1)

Literature Review

From the study called “The Birth Order Effect,” there are many situations that are ex-plained as to how each child in a family acts according to their order of birth. For the first born child, the parents anticipate every action down to the birth, first walk, talking and other first achievements. “They’ve been showered with attention and identify strongly with power.” Firstborns are also more prone to seek after approval of their parents and to obtain a sense of high placement between other siblings. (2)The study also showed the comparison of the middle child as being “neither the precious, able, oldest, nor the vulnerable youngest. Their strength is that they learn to be more flexible and sociable, to compromise and build coalitions.”

The middle child is also more prone to have a little strug-gle to find their own identity from the oldest and get their voice heard in the family.The last-born, or youngest child in the family is most likely to question the order of authority and become the most rebellious child. There are many factors that also correlate to the actions of the youngest child. The youngest child has also been known to choose different paths then all of their older sib-lings in an effort to become independent and to avoid any competition with power. Other studies have looked into the aspect of how the parents treat and react to the birth order of their children. Individuals of different birth orders are treated differently by their

Literature Review(cont)

They are most likely to act out in sibling relationships when they feel unfairly treated. This act is mostly to get the attention they want. It was found that second-born children had less intense depressive symptoms due to differential treatment comparisons.This study gives an under-standing that there are indeed differences in the relationships between parents and children of different birth order. It also makes clear that oldest children, although most warmly treated at first, are most like to be jeal-ous and obtain more intense de-pressive symptoms. Along with that, the study also showed the understanding that second born children are more likely to per-form and act out for attention and less likely to have intense depressive symptoms caused by jealousy. Because relationships between parent and child are different based on birth


parents and therefore value themselves at different levels based on how their parents treat their siblings. In one study it stated that this is the foundation of one’s ego for the rest of their lives. (3)It turns out that differential treatment of those of different birth orders affected sibling relationships. First-borns are often treated with the most warmth and love until anoth-er sibling is born. Because of this comparison of differen-tial treatment, first-borns will often decrease the warmth they give to their younger sib-ling and this can last a whole lifetime. First-borns also tend to be most affected and have the most intense depressive symptoms due to differential treatment comparison. On the other hand, second-born chil-dren are most likely to be the cause of parental conflict.

Female first-borns tend to be characterized as aggressive, confident, and bossy while male first-borns tend to be a take-charge type of leader. These differences are apparent in the different family studied in this study. Middle children are char-acterized and easygoing and most likely to be willing to com-promise. It is said that they can get along with anyone. The mid-dle class birth order is the least defined of all the birth orders be-cause it is so fluid. Middle chil-dren can also be secretive due to their people-pleasing facade.Last-born children are the babies of the family. They are often tak-en care of by their parents much longer than the other children in the family.

order children of different birth order have different views of their parents de-pending on how they were treated by their parents. (4)How different children are treated by their parent can have large effects on how each child interact with one another. Each child will show different attitudes and roles in their families. The following are some characteristics that were found in one study.There are specific characteris-tics that are common among members of specific birth orders. First of all comes the first-born child. A first-born is most likely to be ambitious, organized, and dominant in relationships. The difference between a male and female oldest child is apparent.


Because of this, last-born children tend to be more needy and interde-pendent. Last-born children tend to be less responsible and less strong willed. They are normally less likely to take charge.Last but not least, we have only chil-dren. They seem to be spotlight hogs. They tend to become more mature because they spend so much time with adults rather than their non-ex-istent siblings. They can be responsi-ble and determined as well. (5)


1. New communication technologies’ impact on young adults2. “The Birth Order Effect.”3. “Linkages Between Parents’ Differ-ential Treatment, Youth Depressive Symptoms, And Sibling Relation-ships.”4. “Parenting Style and Personality: Perceptions of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents.”5. “How Does Birth Order Effect Re-lationships?”

FootNotes

A study was formulated to make conclusions off of the basis that birth order affects communication with parents. A survey was created to gather data on what form of commu-nication students use and how often they communicate with their parents depending on their birth order. An email was sent out to 300 ran-domly selected BYU-I students ex-plaining the nature of the survey. The email also explained that the survey was optional

and that students did not have to an-swer any questions they did not feel comfortable answering. Using Qual-trics to formulate the survey, 11 ques-tions were asked of the participants to answer. The questions asked were to be answered using a slide indicator from 1 to 5 to measure how students would rate each question negatively or positively. Some of the questions were also asked to determine where each student fell in line of the family such as gender, birth order, etc.

The survey questions were as follows:Question 1. What is your gender?

Question 2. In which order were you born in your family?Question 3. What year in college are you?Question 4. What is your marital status?

Question 5. Which phrase best describes how often you call your parents?Question 6. Which phrase best describes how often you text your parents?

Question 7. Which phrase best describes how often you email your parents?Question 8. Which phrase best describes how often you interact with your par-

ents on Facebook/ Twitter or other social media?Question 9. Which phrase best describes how often you visit your parents while

living at school?Question 10. For what reasons do you communicate with your parents?Question 11. How do you review your relationship with your parents?

Methods

The survey was sent through email to 300 students. The email was sent a total of two times. From the first time the email was sent out, 48 respons-es were recorded. After the second email with the survey was resent to

the 300 students, the total number of responses collected all together was 80 surveys. Once results were collect-ed, cross tabulations and statistical tests were performed to analyze the significance of the data.

Methods(cont)

Oldest children communicate with their parents the most overall.

Of the three birth orders recorded oldest children had the highest reported overall commu-nication. According to the average of all forms of communication between oldest, middle, and youngest children, the oldest children had the highest average. The average is not very much higher in oldest children but although it is not a large amount higher than youngest and middle child it is still interesting and statistically significant. Once a regression analysis or R squared test was performed it can see be seen that birth order is about 4 % responsible for how often a child communicates with their parents. The condensed answers of oldest children on the above graph show that oldest children communicate most with their parents.

FindingsFinding #1

While looking at the dark blue bar on the above chart, it is visible that youngest and middle children communicate at about the same frequency in terms of calling their parents “just to talk.” Oldest children report this being the reason they communicate most often and report communicating “just to talk” at slightly higher averages than youngest and middle children. For this to be calculated, a question on the distributed survey asked on a scale of 1 to 5 to which the degree partici-pants agreed that they called for each reason. To come to the conclusion that oldest chil

dren communicate most “just to talk” the collected data was analyzed. The averages of how much each birth order agreed with the statement were taken into account and com-pared. The higher each average, the more these individuals agreed with each statement. Once the averages were arranged under each birth order, it was apparent which reasons were the highest in each birth order. On the chart it is clear to see by the dark blue bar that “just to talk” was the highest self-reported reason under every birth order but oldest children showed a significant increase.

Oldest children communicate more “just to talk”Finding #2

Both Middle and youngest children report higher levels of their reason for communi-cation as being “parents want to talk” than oldest children. Middle children report the highest averages but they are extremely close to those of youngest children. This is clear-ly shown on the chart in the medium blue color. While youngest and middle children are fairly close in terms of their averages in “parents wanting to talk to them” if we look under oldest it is visibly lower than the other two birth orders. Each birth order was

asked to report on the degree to which they agreed most with each reason for communi-cation with their parents. One reason offered was that “parents want to talk to them.” Once each person reported we took the average, the highest number meaning that they most agreed with the statement, and then assigned it to each birth order. Once the chart was completed it was visible which birth orders communicated for which reason.The chart depicts that youngest and middle children communicated more because their “parents want to talk”.

Finding #3Youngest and middle children report communicating because

“parents want to talk” more than oldest children.

Based on the averages taken, the birth order and marital status group that reported hav-ing the highest level of communication over-all were married oldest children. This part of the study was broken up into the catego-ries of youngest, middle, and oldest. It was then broken up into the categories of single, engaged, or married. Each student reported on how often they communicated with their parents depending on different methods of communication. The methods of measured communication that students reported on were methods such as talking on the phone, texting, emailing, and communicating

through different forms of social media. They were then averaged out and each average was assigned to the appropriate birth order. They were then also assigned and organized by marital status. The data was then placed onto a bar chart that is shown above. The grey bar shows amount of communication between parent and child by those that are married. This graph shows that married oldest chil-dren are highest overall in terms of the most communication overall by birth order. Mar-ried oldest are followed closely by engaged youngest students as well as engaged middle children.

Finding #4Married oldest children communicate most overall

Of all the birth order groups and gender groups youngest men reported having the overall most positive relationship with their parents. We asked students to rank the level of positivity and how they perceived their re-lationship with their parents. The scores were taken and averaged. The higher the average the more positive each category viewed their relationship with their parents. Each average was then sorted by gender in this case, male or female. After it was

sorted in that manner it was then sorted into each birth order. We then turned the data into a chart. When we look at the chart it is clear that the tallest blue column above the birth order youngest is the largest average overall. This was surprising because it is of-ten perceived that women would have better relationships with their parents but in two out of the three birth orders men reported overall more positive relationships with their parents.

Finding #5Youngest men report having the most positive relationship with

their parents.

The research in this project shed some light on some surprising and informative findings that lead to con-clusions that most people would not come to. In reference to the Finding #1, it was determined that oldest children still need their parents. Most people assume that oldest children grow up to ignore parents and be-come independent of them. Oldest children are stereotyped to be set in their ways and not care what their parents have to say. They commonly go out on their own and rebel against what they were taught growing up because they want to be their own person and not rely on their parents. With this self-governing attitude, oldest children are assumed to have less communication with their par-ents but this study shows that oldest children at BYU- Idaho communi-cate more with their parents than students of any other birth order. Oldest children still need and rely on their parents. Finding # 2 shows that firstborns are most likely to call their parents “just to talk” than children of any other birth order and this also

demonstrated their need for their parents. Most people assumed that young-est and middle children are most attached to their parents. This is most likely because they commonly spend the longest time in their par-ent’s homes when parents have more parental experience and developed parental strategies. Youngest children and stereotyped to be most attached to their parents because of their dependence and strong relationship with their parents. On the other hand, middle children are known to be closest friends with their parents due to mutual respect. In contradic-tion, this research shows that middle and youngest children are most likely to only talk to their parents when their parents want to talk. Youngest are middle children want more inde-pendence than most people assume. The research shows that youngest and middle children are significantly more likely to talk to their parents just because their parents are on the other end of the phone wanting in-formation from them. This could be

Discussion

explained by a lack of thoughtful-ness of the younger members of the family. Oldest children are expected, from a young age, to help out around the house and with younger chil-dren. They are expected to foresee the needs of others in the family and meet those needs. Middle and young-est children on the other hand, have less of this caring expectation placed on them and this could affect their thoughtfulness toward talking with their parents once they leave home. It is clear that youngest and middle children want more independence once they move out of their parents’ house than assumed. Communication is a two way en-deavor. Its’ definition included the exchange of information, and an exchange must include two parties. A common human need is to commu-nicate with others so it is self-explan-atory that it could be to ones’ family. Parents reach out to their children and children reach out to their par-ents for different reasons. The study shows, in Finding #3 that youngest

and middle children are more likely than oldest children to talk with their parents because their parents want to talk. It is possible that parents are more attached to their youngest and middle children and feel the need to reach out to them more. This can be explained in many way. A simple ex-planation could be that youngest and middle children do have positive re-lationships with their parents but just wait for their parents to reach out to them rather than showing initiative, or calling themselves. This does not necessarily mean that these youngest and middle children do not want to talk to their parents, it could simply mean that they don’t take initiative to do so. Another possible explana-tion could be insecurity of parents. In relationships, we commonly see the more insecure partner reaching out more often to the other partner. This could shows that parents may feel more pressure to reach out to their youngest and middle children because those children don’t take the initiative to reach out to them.

Discussion(Cont)

Parents try to balance out the amount of communication, and youngest and middle children let them.The study shows that oldest children at BYU- Idaho communicate most just to talk and this increased com-munication continues after they are married. Finding #4 shows that out of students of all birth orders and all relationship status, oldest, married children communicate most with parents. A possible theory behind this is that oldest children, being firstborns, were in their parent home when the parents were least expe-rience. It seems that with firstborn children, parents have to do a lot of guessing and checking and testing out which strategies work best be-cause parents are inexperienced at this point. This could translate to oldest children feeling like they have a lack of experience in family raising strategies. Oldest married children may feel that they need more contact with their parents because they feel clueless in how to manage and nur-ture a successful marriage.

This increased contact with parents gives these students the opportunity to ask their parents questions and discover what their parents’ strategy would be to solving new problems that come up. This increases depen-dence on parents by oldest married children is surprising. Being an oldest child alone normally means wanting distance from parents which sometimes includes independence, rebelliousness, and self-governing behavior. Being married also is ex-pected to translate into more inde-pendent and self-reliant behavior. It is interesting to discover that at BYU- Idaho, and maybe in the general public, we may wrongly assume the attitudes of oldest married children. The two characteristics that are com-monly are most independent actually communicate most with their par-ents. Finding #5 shows that youngest male students report having the most pos-itive relationship with parents. The study shows that youngest male stu-dents have significantly more positive relationships with their parents

Discussion(Cont)

than those of any other birth order and gender. Specifically, these young-est men have a relationship that is significantly more positive than those of youngest female students. The first surprising aspect of this find-ing is that a youngest child reports the most positive relationship. It is assumed that youngest children get the pleasant opportunity of devel-oping the most mutual respect with their parents. This is most commonly because youngest children have the opportunity to stay in the home with their parents after all other siblings have moved out. This extra time of bonding and individual attention allows for closer relationships and more open communication between parent and child. If this were the entire explanation though, both male and female youngest students would have significantly more positive relationships with their parents. On some occasions, the youngest child resents the fact that they have to stay in the home longer than the others and this creates a large wedge be-tween parent and child.

The significant difference in report of positive relationship between males and females of the youngest birth order is an interesting concept. This could be explained by female children having an increased like-lihood for rebellion. Most people assume that females are more likely to communicate openly about feel-ings and concerns than males. This is another reason why this finding is surprising. It is possible that this openness with parents is what rubs them the wrong way as they raise their youngest child. It is possible that by this point in time, parents are a lot older and have a lot less patience for questions and challenges, which females seem more likely to present. This could lead to annoyance of par-ents of lack to the need to put in ef-fort to communicate with a youngest daughter. On the other hand, parents could be trying harder to reach out to their young men because they feel that these young men are too distant due to the manly lack of communica-tion.

Discussion(Cont)

This extra effort put in by parents could create this positive parent/child relationship that youngest men are reporting.The original question presented in this study was How does birth order effect communication with parents? To this question, this study finds many answers. The 5 main findings are the most striking answers that were discovered. The first discov-ery was that oldest children com-municate most with their parents. This surprising finding brought the realization that oldest children at BYU-Idaho are not as independent as most assume. The second finding shows that oldest children are most likely to communicate with their parents “just to talk” while the third finding outlines that youngest and middle children communicate more because their parents want to talk to them. For each birth order, the most common reason to communicate with parents was “just to talk.” When it came to asking for money, oldest

children were significantly more like-ly to ask for money than youngestand middle children. BYU-Idaho students of different birth orders communicate with their parents for many reasons and these finding help it to be determined how those reasons vary based on birth order. Finding #4 shows us that married oldest children communicate with their parents more than those of any other birth order and relationship status. Relationship status and birth order both affect how often students communicate with their parents. This study shows that in youngest and middle children, engaged individu-als communicate most with parents while oldest children communicate more when married rather than engaged. The final finding of this study demonstrates that youngest men report significantly more posi-tive relationships with their parents than those of any other birth order or gender. Birth order and gender both affect communication with parents

Discussion(Cont)

and the combination of the two demonstrates interesting principles of how men and women of different birth orders communicate and how positive they view their relationship with their parents. In conclusion, birth order affects communication with parents on many levels and this study brings social scientists, stu-dents, and parents one step closer to understanding exactly how.

Discussion(Cont)

“The Birth Order Effect.” Psychologies 5 July 2012. Print. https://psychologies.co.uk/family/the-birth-order-effect.html

Kim, Stephanie I. “Sibling Relationships, Birth Status, and Personality: A Qualitative Study of Asian American and European American College Students.” Thesis. University of Michigan, 2012. Print. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/91780/satsun.pdf

Gfroerer, Kelly P., Roy M. Kern, William L. Curlette, Joanna White, and Jolita Jonynienė. “Par-enting Style and Personality: Perceptions of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents.” Journal of Indi-vidual Psychology 67.1 (2011): 57-73. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

Whiteman, Shawn D., Susan M. Mchale, and Ann C. Crouter. “Family Relationships From Ad-olescence to Early Adulthood: Changes in the Family System Following Firstborns’ Leaving Home.” Journal of Research on Adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell) 21.2 (2011): 461-74. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

Hofer, Barbara K. “Student-Parent Communication in the College Years: Can Students Grow up on an Electronic Tether?” The Bulletin 78.2 (2011). Web. 19 Feb. 2015. <http://www.acui.org/publications/bulletin/article.aspx?issue=28134&id=14773>.

Shanahan, Lilly, et al. “Linkages Between Parents’ Differential Treatment, Youth Depressive Symptoms, And Sibling Relationships.” Journal Of Marriage & Family 70.2 (2008): 480-494. Aca-demic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.

New communication technologies’ impact on young adults (Pew Research Centers Internet American Life Project RSS)http://www.pewinternet.org/2008/05/15/new-communication-technologies-im-pact-on-young-adults/

Bibliography

Schipani, Denise. “How Does Birth Order Affect Relationships?” Woman’s Day. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. <http://www.womansday.com/sex-relationships/dating-marriage/how-does-birth-or-der-affect-relationships-107592>.

Google Books (Google Books) https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9uFT080FcRk-C&oi=fnd&pg=PR

Unique intergenerational interactions: long distance relationships of adult children and aging parents | NCFR (Unique intergenerational interactions: long distance relationships of adult children and aging parents | NCFR)https://www.ncfr.org/members-stories/unique-intergenerational-interactions-long-distance-re-lationships-adult-children-and

Bibliography(Cont)

1. What is your gender?a. Maleb. Female

2. In which order were you born into your family?

a. Youngest Childb. Middle Childc. Oldest Child

3. What year in college are you?a. Freshmanb. Sophomorec. Juniord. Senior

4. What is your marital status?a. Singleb. Engagedc. Married

5. Which phrase best describes how often you call your parents?

a. Neverb. Less than Once a Monthc. Once a Monthd. 2-3 Times a Monthe. Once a Weekf. 2-3 Times a Weekg. Daily

6. Which phrase best describes how often you text your parents?


7. Which phrase best describes how often you email your parents?


8.Which phrase best describes how often you in-teract with your parents on Facebook/ Twitter or other social media?


9. Which phrase best describes how often you visit your parents while living at school?

a. Never (Unable)b. Never (Unwilling)c. Once a Year or Lessd. Several Times a Yeare. Once a Monthf. 2-3 Times a Monthg. Once a Weekh. 2-3 Times a Weeki. Daily

Appendices

Appendix A: Survey

Appendix A: Survey(Cont)

10. For what reasons do you communicate with your parents? (rate 1 to 5)a. Just to Talk 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b. To ask for Money 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c. Because you are Stressed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d. Because you have a Question 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e. Because you are Bored 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 f. Because your Parents want to talk to you 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

11. How do you view your relationship with your parents?a. Negative b. Somewhat Negative c. Neutral d. Somewhat Positive e. Positive

Appendix B: Results

Appendix B: Results(Cont)

Appendix C: ResponsesResponse ID Respondent Response Type Start Time End Time Duration Actions R_3NJWbS8r53GGERF 216.36.25.113 IP Address 12 Feb 201511:59 AM 12 Feb 201512:01 PM 1m 38s R_2902cYxezaeJnU0 205.185.99.142 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:00 PM 12 Feb 201512:02 PM 1m 39s R_2EtlO3EAcdYidme 205.185.99.52 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:13 PM 12 Feb 201512:15 PM 1m 51s R_271pM06M9Qe1gBm 157.201.112.56 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:21 PM 12 Feb 201512:22 PM 1m 10s R_2VF6YHbw8rPhcns 157.201.113.149 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:31 PM 12 Feb 201512:34 PM 2m 49s R_1H5v8kk9fw6TjRX 192.225.179.138 IP Address 12 Feb 201512:54 PM 12 Feb 201512:56 PM 2m 22s R_8kvS8IhMbEmOLkt 157.201.73.188 IP Address 12 Feb 201501:19 PM 12 Feb 201501:21 PM 1m 15s R_8k2c11e6GaQHagh 157.201.105.156 IP Address 12 Feb 201501:39 PM 12 Feb 201501:41 PM 2m 7s R_08mD1lWmxZul6KJ 205.185.99.25 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:03 PM 12 Feb 201502:06 PM 3m 1s R_2t8toT9LUnbpulL 205.185.99.13 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:18 PM 12 Feb 201502:19 PM 1m 9s R_3J97P0jqaRv5PaB 24.10.225.63 IP Address 12 Feb 201502:55 PM 12 Feb 201502:58 PM 3m 33s R_1NEVGtRotp3AlJ6 205.185.99.48 IP Address 12 Feb 201503:33 PM 12 Feb 201503:34 PM 1m 20s R_1BPXM7PRqpzLtoo 205.185.99.20 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:07 PM 12 Feb 201504:09 PM 1m 49s R_1jpI4VtWBICfpvs 157.201.96.211 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:41 PM 12 Feb 201504:43 PM 1m 53s R_1M0YdcfwOyV2osB 205.185.99.7 IP Address 12 Feb 201504:52 PM 12 Feb 201504:55 PM 2m 50s R_8jKA8YnFfA8yS53 192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201505:11 PM 12 Feb 201505:13 PM 1m 53s R_Y95kNdl1WGpqeat 192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201505:13 PM 12 Feb 201505:22 PM 8m 59s R_C9X17fxsRMz5hbb 205.185.99.49 IP Address 12 Feb 201506:15 PM 12 Feb 201506:17 PM 1m 20s R_3t7JXh3xcuCvDuV 192.225.180.12 IP Address 12 Feb 201510:00 PM 12 Feb 201510:02 PM 2m 10s R_2OVDvA5N9POB64F 205.185.99.79 IP Address 12 Feb 201511:18 PM 12 Feb 201511:20 PM 1m 39s R_2ZJEzgdgDVTad7R 205.185.99.84 IP Address 13 Feb 201508:50 AM 13 Feb 201508:52 AM 1m 28s R_3Gxr0QNTsZWqbqL 157.201.119.101 IP Address 13 Feb 201511:29 AM 13 Feb

Appendix C: Responses(Cont)

201511:32 AM 3m 29s R_1FfyWMMyCq4hsyL 157.201.100.190 IP Address 15 Feb 201503:55 PM 15 Feb 201503:56 PM 1m 41s R_3hu7T7iK5H6isE3 205.185.99.36 IP Address 16 Feb 201504:40 PM 16 Feb 201504:43 PM 2m 11s R_1gSzhKJLPqX4QGd 63.248.219.227 IP Address 16 Feb 201510:55 PM 16 Feb 201510:56 PM 1m 23s R_3PZjJ834TFaJsaM 157.201.100.5 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:54 PM 03 Mar 201512:56 PM 1m 32s R_3q86VmotnWWi1lJ 157.201.112.71 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:54 PM 03 Mar 201512:56 PM 1m 52s R_27qyWRKEklmWJIR 205.185.99.41 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:55 PM 03 Mar 201512:57 PM 2m 4s

R_3EA4DCyqzJx9nJJ 173.198.172.213 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:57 PM 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 2m 11s R_21EDozZJjodDVzO 157.201.106.17 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:58 PM 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 0m 55s R_1GPNapL9RVT09CW 192.225.179.46 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 03 Mar 201501:01 PM 1m 56s R_2xXVGiS5uYTAiwR 173.198.172.213 IP Address 03 Mar 201512:59 PM 03 Mar 201501:00 PM 1m 19s R_2R9UN4e5op5oOzB 157.201.84.212 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:01 PM 03 Mar 201501:02 PM 1m 44s R_0By9TWZNaYcVpGV 205.185.99.111 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:20 PM 03 Mar 201501:22 PM 1m 29s R_3fxD8uGOvC505Lu 157.201.94.245 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:22 PM 03 Mar 201501:23 PM 0m 49s R_xi0g6f7QlQ8AT17 63.227.129.251 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:32 PM 03 Mar 201501:34 PM 2m 15s R_1rOoJrUniTV4Cby 216.49.181.251 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:36 PM 03 Mar 201501:38 PM 1m 45s R_Cmr2BUgy7vs36DL 205.185.99.111 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:39 PM 03 Mar 201501:41 PM 2m 24s R_TpSWSGoeNnFMiDn 157.201.106.138 IP Address 03 Mar 201501:43 PM 03 Mar 201501:45 PM 1m 53s R_3jVutSemSK80sA8 208.71.137.185 IP Address 03 Mar 201502:27 PM 03 Mar 201502:29 PM 1m 45s R_2S8Dj9KRMNw93c1 71.209.38.33 IP Address 03 Mar 201502:52 PM 03 Mar 201502:54 PM 1m 38s R_217yyumyGNk3zjJ 157.201.122.227 IP Address 03 Mar 201502:57 PM 03 Mar 201502:58 PM 1m 26s R_31Rv4jPFUQcQow7 157.201.110.145 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:06 PM 03 Mar 201503:07 PM 1m 5s R_cJbTcDUriTKymZT 157.201.94.28 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:07 PM 03 Mar 201503:09 PM 1m 45s R_2tAmz2TaSSJNIqG 157.201.124.136 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:38 PM 03 Mar 201503:41 PM 3m 17s


R_3mjElPCzDrphHzo 205.185.99.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:42 PM 03 Mar 201503:43 PM 1m 4s R_1jZE3c0X8kUZvyw 205.185.99.125 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:48 PM 03 Mar 201503:49 PM 1m 21s R_qz9itM0XJt6oQjn 157.201.119.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201503:51 PM 03 Mar 201503:52 PM 1m 28s R_2TOikNQYTrmFI7P 205.185.99.7 IP Address 03 Mar 201504:35 PM 03 Mar 201504:37 PM 1m 19s R_2AEjTVfFCfKnUh9 205.185.99.6 IP Address 03 Mar 201504:56 PM 03 Mar 201504:57 PM 1m 28s R_DCvTnbZQJFvxFPX 199.101.36.244 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:30 PM 03 Mar 201505:31 PM 1m 34s R_3kngMNYVzl78YXT 205.185.99.42 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:32 PM 03 Mar 201505:35 PM 2m 55s R_3hg9yVvNIKJMlAa 205.185.99.89 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:45 PM 03 Mar 201505:47 PM 2m 44s R_8jDq4rpYbgBrZJP 205.185.106.38 IP Address 03 Mar 201505:54 PM 03 Mar 201505:57 PM 3m 11s R_RnpKJvvY0QzZbq1 205.185.99.52 IP Address 03 Mar 201506:28 PM 03 Mar 201506:30 PM 1m 36s R_3hurFlAUeUiwVNv 157.201.120.92 IP Address 03 Mar 201506:49 PM 03 Mar 201506:52 PM 2m 55s R_0vVBkgnVOKDY1a5 65.129.71.51 IP Address 03 Mar 201507:39 PM 03 Mar 201507:44 PM 4m 59s R_2gYt552KNWo8q6B 192.225.179.138 IP Address 03 Mar 201507:40 PM 03 Mar 201507:42 PM 2m 8s R_03vdluKoR5ggvI1 66.87.127.209 IP Address 03 Mar 201508:12 PM 03 Mar 201508:14 PM 1m 58s R_2bPPDJGe0JL7wKE 205.185.99.27 IP Address 03 Mar 201508:21 PM 03 Mar 201508:23 PM 2m 5s R_pTdOFsCaemGl3uV 205.185.99.148 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:07 PM 03 Mar 201509:09 PM 1m 59s R_2VNDtPrs7qie5p5 205.185.99.47 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:18 PM 03 Mar 201509:21 PM 2m 39s R_4ZoYHmIVlAGJBKl 205.185.99.62 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:32 PM 03 Mar 201509:33 PM 1m 37s R_1oCnKoUflmOZdEi 184.155.220.88 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:41 PM 03 Mar 201509:43 PM 1m 59s R_3dY8G2huQPeXteG 24.119.202.131 IP Address 03 Mar 201509:48 PM 03 Mar 201509:51 PM 2m 12s R_2yrApBl85pwf1xp 205.185.99.29 IP Address 03 Mar 201510:26 PM 03 Mar 201510:30 PM 4m 31s R_1OkR8BJzycb6unZ 75.174.195.34 IP Address 03 Mar 201511:18 PM 03 Mar 201511:20 PM 1m 10s R_2U3FRLElm8lTIVg 50.186.40.182 IP Address 03 Mar 201511:50 PM 03 Mar 201511:51 PM 1m 12s


R_2v0rfblrvd5K8WU 157.201.98.95 IP Address 04 Mar 201510:58 AM 04 Mar 201511:00 AM 1m 55s R_2ZHsr57oPk6r41V 96.18.220.164 IP Address 04 Mar 201511:22 AM 04 Mar 201511:23 AM 1m 28s R_2R8Iet8UiCTVoKg 75.167.156.203 IP Address 04 Mar 201501:58 PM 04 Mar 201502:01 PM 2m 30s R_OBX16XPMgwZzXQ5 157.201.127.254 IP Address 04 Mar 201501:59 PM 04 Mar 201502:01 PM 2m 18s R_273TuteQYLc1g0L 157.201.127.254 IP Address 04 Mar 201502:02 PM 04 Mar 201502:04 PM 1m 34s R_3MDQfVt8EYC77s5 205.185.102.58 IP Address 05 Mar 201510:22 AM 05 Mar 201510:24 AM 1m 58s R_1f7oNH6AIdgvw78 157.201.127.254 IP Address 05 Mar 201512:03 PM 05 Mar 201512:04 PM 1m 25s R_3qfYpZX6JYYzART 157.201.63.37 IP Address 06 Mar 201508:56 AM 06 Mar 201508:57 AM 1m 43s R_Dkm4OsjyC6QLV7z 174.27.69.39 IP Address 06 Mar 201505:17 PM 06 Mar 201505:18 PM 1m 18s R_3ewrm6bXhKxrfVS 199.119.235.174 IP Address 09 Mar 201506:40 AM 09 Mar 201506:42 AM 1m 40s R_WqfifBbFpxPUvId Survey Preview 12 Mar 201512:07 PM 12 Mar 201512:08 PM 1m 33s R_2asGggyccQJjNFP 24.119.202.128 IP Address 19 Mar 201502:05 PM 19 Mar 201502:07 PM 1m 53s

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