biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using curcuma longa and their antibacterial activity

Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2014, 02(1), 98-103. www.ijprsonline.com ISSN: 2348 –0882==============================================================================

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Biosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Curcuma Longa And TheirAntibacterial Activity

S Elumalai1 and R Devika2

1Associate professor, Dept. of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, India.2Research scholar, Dept. of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, India.

Email: [email protected]

AbstractA rapid advance of nanotechnology has thepotential approach for significant improvements indisease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In thisarticle, we report a simple and eco-friendlybiosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) usingsilver nitrate as metal precursor in Curcuma longa.These Ag-NPs were characterized by UV–visspectroscopy, and Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). These nanoparticles exhibitedmaximum absorbance in specific nano meter rangein UV–vis spectroscopy. TEM micrographsrevealed the formation of well-dispersed Ag-NPswith its size and morphology. Microbiology assayfounds that Ag-NPs are effective against V.cholerabacteria. These developments raise excitingopportunities to diagnose and treat pathogenic modeof infection based on the various profiles to targetdiseases.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, C. longa ,Spectroscopic studies, Antibacterial Activity1. IntroductionA novel biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an excitingmethods that have attracted significant attention dueto their potential use in many applications, such ascatalysis, drug delivery biosensor [1] antimicrobialsand therapeutics [2,3]. New application ofnanoparticles and nanomaterials are emergingrapidly [4]. Biological methods of nanoparticles

synthesis using microorganism, enzyme, andplantor plant extract have been suggested aspossibleecofriendly alternatives to chemical andphysicalmethods [5]. As part of our work, we have observedthat aqueous silver ions, when exposed to therhizome extract of C. longa, are reduced in solution,thereby leading to the formation of an extremelystable silver particle.2. Materials and Methods2.1 Collection and Extract PreparationThe rhizomes of C. longa were rinsed with freshseawater and distilled water to remove associateddebris. The cleaned material was then air dried todryness in the shade at 30°C. The dried sampleswere finely powdered and stored at -20°C until use.Approximately 10 g of C. longa biomass was takenin a conical flask containing 100 mL of distilledwater, kept for 24 hrs and then the aqueous solutioncomponents were separated by filtration. To thissolution, AgNO3 (10-3 M) was added and kept forseveral hours at 24 hrs Periodically, aliquots of thereaction solution were removed and the absorptionswere measured in a Elico UV-Visspectrophotometer.2.2 Synthesis and CharacterizationFor the synthesis of Ag- NPs 1ml of rhizomeextracts as test solution were incubated at roomtemperature for 1-2 hours. The silver nanoparticlesolution thus obtained was purified by repeated


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centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 20min. Supernatantis discarded and the pellet is dissolved in deionisedwater. It is well known that Ag-NPs exhibityellowish brown color in aqueous solution due toexcitation of surface plasmon vibrations in Ag-NPs[6]. The silver nanoparticles were confirmed bycolour changes and qualitatively characterized byUV-visible spectrophotometer on a Elico UV- Visspectrophotometer. The bioreduction of Ag+ ions insolution was monitored using UV-Visspectroscopyfrom zerotime reading was noted anddouble distilled water as blank, and incubated atculture condition. The samples were withdrawn atvarious time intervals and the absorbance wasmeasured [7].2.3 UV-Vis spectroscopy analysisUV-Vis Spectral analysis was done by usingHITACHI U-2900 Spetrophotometer. The UV-VisSpectrophotometer analysis reveals the formation ofsilver nanoparticles by showing surface Plasmonresonance at 422 nm. UV-Vis Spectroscopy is oneof the most widely used techniques for structuralcharacterization of silver nanoparticles. Theabsorption spectrum of the brown silver colloidsprepared by hydrazine reduction showed a surfacePlasmon absorption band with a maximum of 422nm indicating the presence of spherical or roughlyspherical silver nanoparticles [8].2.4 TEManalysis of silver nanoparticlesSample for TEM analysis was prepared asmentioned in IR sample preparations. The samplewas first sonicated (Vibronics VS 80) for 5 min.Silver nanoparticles was loaded on carbon-coatedcopper grids and solvent was allowed to evaporateunder Infra light for 30 min. TEM measurementswere performed on Phillips model CM 20

instrument operated at an accelerating voltage at200 Kv.

2.5 Antibacterial activity:Bactericidal effects of Ag-NPs were studied againstVibrio cholera bacteria. Antimicrobial activity wasdemonstrated by modified method described [9].Then 0.1 ml of the diluted microbial cultures wasspread on sterile nutrient agar plate. The soaked anddried discs of 6 mm diameter of Whatman filterpaper No: 1 were then placed on the seeded platesand gently pressed down to ensure contact [10].Four replicates were placed for control, Ag-NPs,antibiotics and Ag-NPs combined with antibioticsChloramphenicol, in each disc to confirm theinhibition a zone, and the plates were incubated at37°C for 24 hours. After incubation period, theinhibition zone around the discs were measured andrecorded, as the difference in diameter between thedisc (6 mm) and growth free zone of V. cholerawere measured.

2.6 Results & DiscussionSilver nanoparticles were synthesized from AgNO3

solution containing Ag+ ions by treating with therhizome extracts. The color of the solution changedto deep brownish color within 30 min of reactionwith the Ag+ ions. The appearance of the deepbrownish color indicated formation of silvernanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticleswas confirmed by color changes followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis. It is generallyrecognized that UV-Vis spectroscopy could be usedto examine size and shape-controlled nanoparticlesin aqueous suspensions [11]. The UV-Visspectrophotometer proved to be very usefultechnique for the analysis of some metal


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nanoparticles. The UV- visible spectra (shown inFig 1) indicated a strong Plasmon resonance thatwas located at ~422 nm. Presence of this strongbroad plasmon peak had been well documented forvarious Me- NPs, with sizes ranging all the wayfrom 2 to 100 nm. The microstructures and size ofthe biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were studiedby TEM analysis. The typical TEM images of thesilver nanoparticles synthesized by rhizome extractas reducing agent are shown in Fig. 2. Themicrograph shows formation of spherical likemorphology. The spherical like particles show verysmall size about 5-10 nm.


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Conclusion

The silver nanoparticles synthesized using extractsof rhizome samples was confirmed by colorchanges and was characterized by UV-visiblespectrophotometer; the UV-visible spectra showed abroad peak located at 422nm for silvernanoparticles. The TEM analysis shows largespherical shape particle with 200 nm size and asmall spherical like 5-10 nm size particles. Thistechnique has proved to be very useful for thesynthesis of nanoparticles from biological material.Hence, we conclude that the synthesizednanoparticles from C. longa more efficient due toits biological origin and its smaller size and it canbe further analyzed for the usage in drug deliveryprocess and anti microbicidal properties.

4. References

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5. Song, J.Y., and Kim, B.S.,2008. Rapidbiologicalsynthesis of silver nanoparticlesusing plant leafextracts. Bioprocess BiosystEng. 6,313

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biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using curcuma longa and their antibacterial activity

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